Phn loi bn b cha

Chiu
cao

p
sut

Vt
liu

Sn
Hnh
phm
dng
cha

Phn loi bn theo chiu cao

B ngm: c t bn di mt t, thng c s dng

trong cc ca hng bn l

Phn loi bn theo chiu cao

B ni: c xy dng trn mt t, c s dng cc kho

ln.

Phn loi bn theo chiu cao

B na ngm: Loi b c chiu cao b

nh ln mt t, nhng hin nay cn rt t.

B ngoi khi: c thit k ni trn mt

nc, c th duy chuyn t ni ny n ni
khc mt cch d dng.

So snh b ngm v b ni

Phn loi bn theo p sut

B cao p: p sut chu ng trong b >200mmHg

B p lc trung bnh: p sut=20 => 200 mmHg thng dng

b KO, DO

B p thng: p sut = 20mmHg p dng b du nhn, FO,

b mi phao

Phn loi bn theo vt liu xy

dng

B kim loi: lm bng thp, p dng cho hu ht cc b ln

hin nay..

B phi kim: Lm bng vt liu nh : g, composite,.nhng

ch p dng cho cc b nh.

Phn loi bn theo hnh dng

B tr ng: C mi che, khng c mi che, mi ni

Phn loi bn theo hnh dng

B hnh tr nm

Phn loi bn theo hnh dng

B hnh cu, hnh git nc

Cc phng php thi cng

Pp hn gin
on v lp
ghp tng
th

Pp hn hon thin
v ghp dn

Pp thi
cng bn
cha
Pp ni

Pp nng kch bn

CC NH HNG TI BN B CHA
DU KH
i. TC NG BN NGOI

TC NG CA GI

+ Gi c th tc ng n bn, nh hng n n nh ca bn, lm cho

bn b un cong hay tc ng n hnh dng ca bn
+ i vi loi bn b chu p cao nh hng ca gi c th b qua nu ta xy
tng bo v hoc t bn v tr kn gi

TC NG CA NG T

+ y l tc g hy hu, khng c phng n chng li

+ Tc ng gy ra hin tng trt bn ra khi chn , cong bn , gy bn
=> chn khu vc n nh v a cht

TC NG BN NGOI KHC

+ Tc ng ca nhng ti trng ca cc thit b b tr trn thn bn

+ Tc ng ca con ngi : o t, gy va p vi bn hoc ph hoi

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH
ii TC NG THY LC

P SUT LM VIC CC I

+ p sut lm vic cc i : p sut ln nht cho php ti nh

ca bn cha v tr hot ng bnh thng ti nhit xc
nh i vi p sut .

+ p sut lm vic cc i gm p sut thy tnh v nh hng

ca ti trng kt hp xut hin cho vic thit k
+ Bn cha hon tt phi tha mn th nghim thy tnh
+ Nhng bn thit k cho p sut trong phi c th p thy
tnh ti nhng im ca bn c gi tr nh nht bng 1,5 ln p
sut lm vic ln nht cho php
+ Th nghim thy tnh da trn p sut tnh ton c th c
dng bi tha thun gia nh sn xut v ngi s dng

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH

TI TRNG GI

+ Ti trng gi bt buc phi c xc nh theo nhng

tiu chun, tuy nhin nhng iu lut ca quc gia hoc
a phng c th c nhng yu cu khc khe hn.

DUNG TCH CHA LN NHT CHO BN

+ Khong 85 90% dung tch bn c s dng trong

iu kin thng
+ i vi mi bn ni , chn chiu cao bn t sc
cha ln nht
+ Chiu cao ln nht t c c xc nh bi iu
kin t ai ni t bn => kim tra v tr t bn

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH
iii TC NG CA N MN

n mn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy h

hng b cha, gy tn hi ti con ngi, kinh t v
mi trng

Bin php bo v chng n mn

+ Sn ph chng n mn
+ Phng php bo v catot

CC LOI N MN BN B CHA

n mn bn ngoi y b cha

n mn pin in do VL
bn ngoi trong ct m

n mn do thot nc km

Thp mi v thp c kt hp vi nhau

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH

Bo v catot bng dng in cng bc ( dng in ngoi )

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH

Bo v catot kiu pin in (Galvanic)

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH
iii S BAY HI

S tht thot thnh phn nh ca du c th t n 3 %

Khi lu tr trong cc b cha, tr s tht thot ph thuc vo

bay hi ca du, tc l ph thuc vo t l thnh phn
nh. gim t l ny th bc tch kh cui cng cn phi
c thc hin trong iu kin nhit cao v p sut b
hn p sut kh quyn.

Gii php tt nht gim mt mt thnh phn nh l bin

php n nh du trc khi a vo ct cha trong b. Ta
tch cc thnh phn nh m iu kin bnh thng tn ti
th kh bng gii php nung nng di p lc chn
khng. Sau khi n nh v tch ht thnh phn nh th vic
lu gi hoc vn chuyn ti cc nh my ch bin thc t
cho thy l khng c tht thot

CC NH HNG TI BN B
CHA DU KH
Gii php
gim tht
thot

Ngn chn
s bay hi

Gim thiu
s bay hi

Thu hi li
phn nh

Kim tra k thut a vo vn

hnh
Kim tra kn
kn y b

kn mi hn

kn mi b

Th bn ca b
Cng ca b

bn mi b

Th ln ca b
Kim tra ln theo chu vi b

Kim tra ln trong nn b

1. Kim tra kn

Kim tra
kn y b

Phng php
chn khng

Phng php
thuc th

 Phng php chn khng

Ngi ta dng thit b gi l ra th chn khng, l mt hnh hp
mt mt trng, mt i din c knh v cc ng ni n my ht chn khng
v n p k
th kn y b bng phng php chn khng vi tn dy 4mm
th trong ra cn l 500mm ct thy ngn. Nu dy hn th to chn
khng l 600mm

Phng php thuc th

Ngi ta p t xung quanh thnh b ngn khng cho kh thot

ra, kh nn vo y b, chiu cao t p khong 100mm. Ngi ta a
3 4 vi bm kh amoniac vo y b vi p sut d 8 9 mm ct nc
di y b. Trn ng hn c nh sch ngi ta qut dung
dch phenolphtalein. Nu thy ch no chuyn mu ta ghi li. Cn
nu dng dung dch axit HNO3 2,5% th qut dung dch ln vi mn hoc
giy bn ph ln ng hn, ch no thng cht ch th ng mu en.

 Kim tra kn mi hn thnh b

Cc mi hn thnh b kim tra kn bng cch qut hoc
phun du ha pha trong, pha bn ngoi qut nc vi hoc qut
phn. Qut 2 ln du ha cch nhau 1 pht sau theo di nu
khng c vt du loang coi nh l c.
Mi hn gi u thnh b m bn trong hn ngt qung th
dng my hoc n kh phun du vo k 2 tm tn ri quan st bn
ngoi.
Nhng ch ming v tn chng ln nhau th kn phi
khoan 1 l nh ri bm du vo trong gia 2 lp tn y vi p sut
1 2 kg/m2 . Bn ngoi ng hn qut nc vi hoc phn theo
di sau 12 gi nu khng c vt du loang l tt.

 Th kn mi b
Th bng phng php nn kh trong b v bi nc x phng ln
ng hn mi b, tn gip thnh b. Nu ng hn khng kn bt x
phng s ni ln( p sut th bng 15% p sut lm vic b).
C th th kn mi b bng cch phun du ha vo phn tip
gip mi ngoi b v pha ngoi b, trn ng hn ta bi phn hoc qut
nc vi ri quan st theo di xem lp vi c qut c b thm t hay
khng.

Th cng ca b
Th cng ca b bng cch bm y nc vo b cha trong
b t 3 - 7 ngy nu ln ca b khng ng k, b khng b bin dng
th c th kt thc vic th, coi nh l tt. Cn nu b c s bin dng
ln th phi tm cch khc phc
Th bn mi b
Th bn ca b l th 2 ch p sut, p sut
dng v p sut chn khng bng cch : bm nc hoc nn
kh vo trong b, hoc rt nc khi phi c van khng ch
p sut trong b v p k theo di.
p sut khng ch nh phn th kn nhng thi gian gia
2 p sut l 2 3 gi

Th ln b
Phn loi cc dng ln b
* Ln u :
* Ln lch :

Kim tra ln theo chu vi b

o nghing lch ca b bng phng php dy di. B o thy
chun c ng cao su vng chu vi b
Nhng quy nh v cch o :
Ty theo chu vi b m chia cc im o xung quanh b nhiu hay t
s im o nhng khng c nh hn 8 im v khong cch gia
cc im khng nh hn 6m.
Vi b 2000 3000 m3 sau 4 nm s dng chnh lch hai im o
cnh nhau khng qu 40mm, hai im i din nm trn ng knh
khng qu 180mm. Nu b s dng qu 4 nm chnh lch cho php
ln lt l 60mm v 150mm.
Nhng b b 400 500 m3 chnh lch cao bng 50% gi tr ca b
ln.

 Kim tra ln trong nn b

C th nc vo y b cho ph khp c ni cao nht
sau o chiu cao nc nhng ch lm.
Hoc c th o kh y b bng phng php thy chun s
im.
S o phi ln hn 8 im trn b mt.
Chiu cao vt li lm trn y b khng c li qu 150mm, din
tch vt lm khng qu 2m2

X l ln b
Vic x l ln b ty theo mc ln, nguyn nhn ln ta c
cch x l khc nhau :
Nu do nn t c chu lc khng tt m ln b th c th
phi kch b o mng b ln, ng cc cc tre, cc g, cc b tng
hoc cc cc ct xung li mng b l cng vic kh phc tp v tn
nhiu cng sc.
Nu do ln cc b th ta c th ch cn kch phn ln qu
nhiu tin hnh ng cc, lm li nn mng, gia c cc ct... phc
hi li phn mng b l c.

 Bo qun b cha
Sn b

nh k bo dng b
Cc kho tn cha xng du cn c k hoch xc
ra b cha xng du mt cch nh k c nin hn. Tuy
nhin trong cc trng hp sau cn nht thit phi xc
ra b cha xng du nhm m bo cht lng xng
du tn cha khng b nh hng v mt cht lng

Cc thit b ph tr

H thng bm

H thng van

H thng x p

H thng cc thit b o (Nhit , p sut, mc cht

lng,.