Professional Documents
Culture Documents
hng dn
thc hnh
SPSS
Phan Thanh Hng - Nguyn Th Nhung
Thng 5 nm 2010
Mc lc
Trang
Bi 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Bi 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
Bi 3.
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40
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Mc lc
3.1
3.2
Mt s loi biu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Cch v biu thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 V d: v biu thanh biu din mt bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 V d: v biu thanh biu din mt bin c phn tch bi mt bin
khc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu trn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Cch v biu trn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu gp khc, din tch (Line, Area Chart) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.1 V d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2 V d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu tn s (Histogram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.1 Cch v biu tn s (Histogram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu hp v ru (Boxplot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6.1 Cch v biu hp v ru (Boxplot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biu tn x (Scatter plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.1 Cch v biu tn x (Scatter plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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41
41
43
Bi 4.
56
56
59
Bi 5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
61
61
62
64
Bi 6.
67
67
69
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
ii
43
45
45
46
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51
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Bi 1
X l d liu trn SPSS
Ci t SPSS
Cho n nay, SPSS c rt nhiu phin bn khc nhau, phin bn mi nht (5/2010) l phin
bn 18.0. Vi nhng tnh ton thng k ph bin ta c th ci SPSS vi mt trong cc phin
bn 13.0, 14.0 hay 16.0, ... Tt c cc phn tch trong ti liu ny c thc hin trn phin bn
SPSS 13.0.
Khi ng SPSS
khi ng SPSS ta c th thc hin theo nhng cch sau:
Kch p vo biu tng SPSS trn mn hnh;
Vo Start Program SPSS for Windows SPSS 13.0 for Windows
Sau khi khi ng, ta c giao din sau:
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i vi tp d liu trn ta c 9 bin l: Tuoi (tui), GioiTinh (gii tnh), NgheNghiep (ngh
nghip), ThuNhap (thu nhp), Gia (gi mua FastFood), ChonDoQC, ChonDoTL, ChonDoSP,
ChonDoGC (yu t nh hng n quyt nh dng FastFood tng ng l do qung co, tin
li, sn phm, gi c) thu thp trn 100 i tng.
nhp tp d liu ny vo trong SPSS, u tin ta vo bng Variable View khai bo
cc thuc tnh ca cc bin. Chng hn, vi bin Tuoi ta khai bo cc thuc tnh nh sau:
Name: Tuoi
Type: Numeric (dng s)
Width: 2 ( di mi gi tr tui l 2)
Decimals: 0 (khng c ch s thp phn)
Lable: (khng ch thch g thm v bin)
Values: None (khng cn gii thch g v kiu gi tr ca bin)
Missing: None (khng c gi tr khuyt)
Columns: 8 ( rng ca ct bin l 8)
Align: Right (cn l bn phi)
Measure: Scale (gi tr ca bin l tui thang o t l nn khai bo l thang o nh
lng)
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Hon ton tng t cho cc bin khc ta c c bng Variable View cho 9 bin nh sau:
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c d liu t file.txt
c d liu t mt file.txt, chng hn file d liu DuLieuFastFood.txt, ta vo File
Open Data v chn n th mc file d liu v m file:
Khi mn hnh trn hin ra hp thoi sau ta n vo Open m file d liu vo SPSS. Khi hin
ra ca s sau ta n Next:
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11
Khi trn mn hnh hin ra hp thoi sau ta chn Yes cho cu hi Are variable names include
at the top of your file? v sau n vo Next:
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13
1.4 Lc d liu
SPSS cho php ta lc ra mt nhm cc quan st tha mn nhng iu kin nht nh. Nhm
con cc quan st c th rt ra ngu nhin, hoc chn theo s th t cc quan st, khong gii
hn v thi gian, gi tr v khong gii hn ca mt bin, theo mt biu thc s hc, mt biu
thc logic hay mt hm s hc no . tin hnh lc d liu, ta vo Data Select Cases...
v trn mn hnh hin ra hp thoi:
14
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1.4. Lc d liu
Trn hp thoi ny, ta thit lp mt biu thc so snh trong khung bn phi hp thoi
bng cch kt hp cc bin t khung danh sch bin pha bn tri, cc hm s trong khung
Functions gc di bn phi cng cc phm s, phm php tnh s hc, php so snh,
php tnh logic trong khung hp thoi hoc t bn phm:
Php ton s hc
+ cng
- tr
nhn
/ chia
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loi i nhng d liu v n ra khi tp d liu ti khung Unselected Cases Are ta chn
Deleted v ta c thng tin v nam gii c iu tra trong tp d liu:
16
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1.4. Lc d liu
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Nu ch mun lc ring ra nhng thng tin v nam gii v c tui trn 50, ti khung
Unselected Cases Are ta chn Deleted v ta c:
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1.4. Lc d liu
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1.5 M ha d liu
Trong qu trnh phn tch, nhiu trng hp ta phi m ha li cc gi tr ca bin v mt
mc ch no . Ta c th m ha li cc gi tr trong ni b mt bin c sn hoc lp mt bin
mi cha cc gi tr c m ha li.
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1.5. M ha d liu
14
14 24
24 45
45 60
60
Old Value
Range: Lowest through 14
Range: 14 though 24
Range: 24 though 45
Range: 45 though 60
Range: 60 though highest
New Value
1
2
3
4
5
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1.5. M ha d liu
M ha d liu vo bin mi
Ta c th m ha li mt bin c sn v lp mt bin mi cha cc gi tr mi c
m ha li. Ta c th m ha bin kiu s hoc bin kiu k t, c th chuyn mt bin kiu s
thnh bin kiu chui k t v ngc li chuyn bin kiu chui k t thnh bin kiu s. Nu
mun m ha li nhiu bin mt lc, cc bin phi cng kiu s hoc cng kiu chui k t.
thc hin m ha d liu vo mt bin mi ta vo Transform Recode Into Different
Variables... v mn hnh hin ra hp thoi:
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23
14
14 24
24 45
45 60
60
Chn t khung bn tri bin Tuoi a vo khung Variable pha bn phi, trong khung
Output Variable t tn cho bin mi trong phn Name v gn nhn cho bin mi
(nu cn) trong phn Label, chng hn, Name: TuoiMoi, Label: chia Tuoi thanh cac
khoang. Sau n change khng nh vic thay i:
Nhn phm Old and New Values qui nh cch m ha bin Tuoi v hp thoi sau s
hin ra:
24
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1.5. M ha d liu
Khong tui
14
14 24
24 45
45 60
60
Old Value
Range: Lowest through 14
Range: 14 though 24
Range: 24 though 45
Range: 45 though 60
Range: 60 though highest
New Value
1
2
3
4
5
25
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Dng bng tn s
tm cc li d liu b nhm, ta c th lp bng tn s tm ra nhng d liu l sa.
Chng hn, trong file d liu LamSachDuLieu.sav cc bin GioiTinh v Nghe u c m
ha (Bin GioiTinh c hai gi tr l 0 v 1, bin Nghe c ba gi tr l 1,2,3,4), nu ta lp bng
tn s cho bin GioiTinh thy kt qu nh sau:
27
Bc 2: Chn bin GioiTinh bn tri a vo khung Sort by bn phi, trong khung Sort
Order ta chn Ascending v n OK.
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Bi 2
Lp bng tn s v tnh cc i
lng thng k m t
Phn t d liu
Khi tp d liu nh lng c nhiu biu hin, vic tm tt bng bng tn s tng t trn
s di dn n mt i tnh cht tm lc thng tin. Trong trng hp ny ta s tin hnh phn
t d liu. phn t d liu, ta thc hin tng t nh phn m ha s liu. Ta c th chn
m ha thnh ng bin nh lng cho hoc m ha thnh bin mi, sau tnh tn s cho
bin c m ha.
Chng hn phn t cho bin tui thnh cc khong tui
14
14 24
24 45
45 60
60
u tin ta m ha bin tui thnh bin mi l PhanTuoi. Khi hp thoi sau hin ra ta chn
Output variable are strings
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v m ha tng ng nh sau:
Khong tui
Old Value
New Value
14
Range: Lowest through 14
<= 14
14 24
Range: 14 though 24
14 - 24
24 45
Range: 24 though 45
24 - 45
45 60
Range: 45 though 60
45 - 60
60
Range: 60 though highest
> 60
Sau , lp bng tn s cho bin PhanTuoi v c kt qu sau:
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Bc 1: Vo Analyze
Tables:
Bc 2: Chn hai bin nh tnh bn tri a vo khung bn phi, c th chn bin NgheNghiep
a vo Down v bin GioiTinh a vo Across. y, ta c th tin hnh lp bng tn
s cho mt bin hoc mt s bin cng mt lc, chng hn khi chn bin GioiTinh v bin Gia
trong ca s Output nhn c kt qu sau:
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i vi bin nh tnh, cc hm thng dng l: count (tn s), col% (phn trm theo ct),
row% (phn trm theo ct). Trong v d ny ta chn count v row%, chn xong n nt Add
a vo bn phi v n Continue.
Bc 4: Tr li hp thoi trc, chn Totals... nu ta mun tnh tng tn s trn dng (ct)
v cui cng n OK. Ca s Output s hin ra kt qu sau:
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chn cng mt lc c hai v qui m ca bng kh ln. Nu chn cng mt lc c hai th sau
phi n nt Layout... ca hp thoi Basic Tables chn cch trnh by l In separate tables
ta c th lt tng lp ca bng ln xem:
Bc 2: Chn nhng i lng thng k m t cn tnh, chng hn trung bnh (Mean) v trung
v Median Bc 3: Trong ca s Output ta nhn c kt qu sau:
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35
36
N
i=1 (xi
)2 .
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s=
n
i=1 (xi
x)2 .
n1
Chng hn, tnh nhng i lng thng k m t nh: trung bnh, trung v, phng sai,
lch chun ca bin Tuoi:
Bc 1: Vo Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptive... v khi mn hnh s hin
ra hp thoi sau th ta chn bin Tuoi a vo khung Variable(s) bn phi:
Bc 2: n tip vo nt Options chn tnh nhng i lng thng k m t cho bin tui v
mn hnh hin ra hp thoi:
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Median
Mode
Quartiles
Cut points for k equal groups
Percentiles k
Trung v
Mode
a t phn v
a ra cc im chia tp d liu thnh k phn bng nhau
a ra phn v th k ca tp d liu
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Bi tp n luyn
M tp d liu DuLieuFastFood.sav vo trong ca s Data Editor ca SPSS v thc hin
cc yu cu sau:
1. M ha li bin GioiTinh v NgheNghiep vi nhng gi tr m ha tng ng nh sau:
Nam c m ha l 1, N l 0; HSSV c m ha l 1, CNVC l 2, NVVP l 3,
Khac l 4 v thay i khai bo li v kiu gi tr ca hai bin ny l dng s, khng c
ch s thp phn no sau du phy. Lu li file d liu sau khi m ha vi tn l
DuLieuFastFood MaHoaLai.sav.
Cc yu cu sau c thc hin trn file DuLieuFastFood MaHoaLai.sav:
2. M ha bin tui thnh bin khc c tn l TuoiMoi vi cc m ha tng ng nh sau:
Nhng ngi c tui khng vt qu 14 c m ha l 1, t 14 n 24 m ha l 2, t
24 n 45 m ha l 3, t 45 n 60 m ha l 4 v trn 60 m ha l 5. Tnh t l nhng
ngi c tui trn 60 trong nhm c iu tra.
3. a thng tin v nhng n nhn vin vn phng trong mu.
4. Trong nhng ngi lm nhn vin vn phng, hy tnh s ngi c thu nhp t 3 n 5
triu.
5. Trong s nhng ngi mua sut n FastFood vi gi trn 40 nghn, hy tnh t l nhng
ngi l hc sinh v sinh vin.
6. Trong nhng n nhn vin vn phng hy tnh t l nhng ngi c thu nhp trn 5 triu
mt thng.
7. Tnh tui trung bnh ca nam trong nhm iu tra, tui trung bnh ca n trong nhm iu
tra v a ra nhn xt.
8. Mt na s nhng ngi iu tra c tui khng vt qu bao nhiu? Tnh tui nh
nht trong nhm 10% s ngi c tui cao nht trong nhm c iu tra.
9. 75% s nam c iu tra c tui khng vt qu bao nhiu? 25% s n c tui t nht
l bao nhiu?
40
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Bi 3
Biu
2. Chiu cao ca mi thanh biu din tn s hay tn sut ca trng hp biu din bi thanh
3. C th p dng biu din cho mt hay nhiu tp d liu trn cng mt biu
Bi 3. Biu
Bc 2: Ti ca s Bar Chart
42
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Bi 3. Biu
1. Ti hp thoi Bar Chart, chn Clustered. Ti khu vc Data in Chart Area chn Summary for group of cases. n Define
2. a bin NgheNghiep vo khung Category Axis, a bin GioiTinh vo khung Define
Cluster by
3. La chn N of cases trc tung biu din tn s,% of cases trc tung biu din tn
sut
4. n nt Title t tiu cho hnh
5. n OK
44
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Bc 2: Ti ca s Pie Chart chn Summary for group of cases. n Define. Xut hin ca
s sau
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45
Bi 3. Biu
V d
D liu v tui trong file DuLieuThucHanh.sav c th c biu din bng biu ng
gp khc nh sau (ch l bin Tuoi c chia nhm bng bin ChiaNhomTuoi).
Bc 1: Vo menu Graph Line m ca s Line Chart
46
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Bc 2: Ti ca s Line Chart chn Simple, ti khu vc Data in Chart Area chn Summary for group of cases. n Define
V d
Ta c th v bng biu Area biu din bin ChiaNhomTuoi theo gii tnh nh sau
Bc 1: Vo menu Graph Area m ca s Area Chart
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47
Bi 3. Biu
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2. Chiu cao mi thanh hnh ch nht trong biu biu din tn s ca lp tng ng.
49
Bi 3. Biu
Bc 3: Nu mun hin th ng phn phi chun th chn Display normal curve . n OK.
V d ta cn v biu tn s cho bin tui trong file DuLieuThucHanh.sav. Trong bc
hai ta chn bin nh lng l Tuoi. Hnh v nh sau
50
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Bi 3. Biu
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Bi 3. Biu
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Bi 4
Kim nh mi quan h gia hai
bin
Kim nh Khi-bnh phng v tnh c lp ca hai bin nh tnh c dng kim nh
xem gia hai bin nh tnh c mi quan h hay khng, chng hn gii tnh c nh hng ti
vic la chn loi laptop? hay trnh hc vn c mi lin h vi cch c sch? Ta xt hai
trng hp nh sau
57
Ti ca s ny, trong khung Count, chn Observed nu mun hin th tn s quan st trong bng
cho, chn Expected nu nu mun hin th tn s l thuyt trong bng cho. n Continue.
Quay li ca s Crosstab. OK
Kt qu cho ba bng nh sau
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Kim nh l tin hnh kim tra xem nhng d liu thu c trn mu c mnh ng h
mt gi thuyt hay khng. Kt lun cui cng s l chp nhn H0 tc bc b H1 hoc bc b
H0 tc chp nhn H1 . Chng ta so snh mc ngha ca bi ton (thng l 0.01, 0.05 hay
0.1) v p-gi tr (Sig.) theo quy tc
Nu p-gi tr th bc b H0
Nu p-gi tr th chp nhn H0
Trong bng Chi-Square Tests, trn dng Pearson Chi-Square ta thy p-gi tr = 0.582. Nu
s dng mc ngha = 0.05 th ta c 0.582, ta chp nhn gi thuyt H0 rng khng c
mi lin h gia gii tnh v la chn gi ca sn phm thc n nhanh. Kim nh c ngha
khi c khng qu 20% s tn s k vng nh hn 5. Dng ch nh pha cui bng cho bit s
tn s k vng di 5 ch c 1 chim 12.5%.
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Bi 5
Kim nh v trung bnh
H1 : 20
5.2 Kim nh v s khc nhau ca hai trung bnh ca hai tng th khi mu c lp
S dng tp d liu SoSanh2Mang.sav so snh s hi lng ca khch hng trong mu
gm 97 ngi v cht lng dich v ca hai mng di ng khc nhau. Thang im nh gi
tng t 1 ti 7 theo s tng ca mc hi lng.
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5.2. Kim nh v s khc nhau ca hai trung bnh ca hai tng th khi mu c lp
H1 : 1
2
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Kt qu kim nh F cho thy hai phng sai tng th bng nhau nn s dng kim nh t ng
vi dng Equal Variance Assumed. P-gi tr =0.000 nn ta bc b H0 . Chnh lch trn mu ca
nhm Vie nh hn so vi nhm Mob nn c th cho rng s hi lng ca khch hng vi dch
v di dng ca mng Mob cao hn so vi mng Vie.
5.3 Kim nh v s khc nhau ca hai trung bnh ca hai tng th khi mu cp
Khi cn so snh trung bnh hai tng th trong trng hp ly mu tng i (khi hai tng th
c lin h vi nhau). D liu l hai bin nh lng nhn gi tr trong tng cp d liu.
Trong v d sau y ta iu tra s hi lng ca khch hng thng qua vic so snh im k
vng trc khi s dng dch v v im nh gi sau khi tri nghim dch v (v cht lng
cuc gi trong dp l Tt). Nu gi Gi 1 , 2 l im nh gi trung bnh trc v sau khi dng
dch v. Ta kim nh cp gi thuyt:
H0 : 1 = 2
H1 : 1
2
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5.3. Kim nh v s khc nhau ca hai trung bnh ca hai tng th khi mu cp
Bc 3: n OK
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Bi 6
Phn tch phng sai (ANOVA)
Phng php phn tch phng sai c dng khi nghin cu nh hng ca bin nguyn
nhn nh tnh ln bin kt qu nh lng, phng php ny so snh trung bnh ca nhiu nhm
(3 nhm tr ln).
Gi thuyt H0 nh sau:
H0 : 1 = 2 = = k
c ngha l:
Gi thuyt i
D liu u vo: gm mt bin nh lng v mt bin phn loi. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau
V d
Gi s ta cn so snh mc hi lng ca khch hng s dng dch v ca ba mng di ng Vie,
Mob, Vin v cht lng dch v. D liu thu thp c lu trong file SoSanh3Mang.sav. Cc
bc tin hnh nh sau: Bc 1: Vo Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA...
m ca s One-Way ANOVA
67
Bc 3: Chn Descriptive tnh cc i lng thng k m t cho tng nhm; chn Homogeneityof-variance tin hnh th tc kim nh s bng nhau ca cc phng sai tng th. Sau
n Continue tr v hp thoi trc n OK. Kt qu cho trong 3 bng sau
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Bng trn lit k mt s phng php so snh cc cp trung bnh khc nhau. Trong v d ny ta
chn phng php Tukey nn chnTukey.
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Kt qu so snh tng cp da trn ct Sig. ta thy s hi lng ca khch hng i vi hai mng
Mob v Vin nh nhau nhng u tt hn so vi mng di ng cn li.
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