V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

BI TP RT GN CC TNG V TCH HU HN

A.Rt gn tng.
Mt s biu thc thng gp.
a)

1
1
1

k k 1 k k 1

b)

1
1
1

2
k
k 1 k

c)

1
1
1
2

k 1 k k k 1

d)

e)

2k 1
k 1

1 1
1

2 k
k 1
k 1 k

1
1
1

k k k 1
k
k 1

Chng minh.
a)

1
k 1 k 1
1

k k 1 k k 1 k k 1

b)

1
1
1
1

k 2 k 1 k k 1 k

c)

1
k 1 k

k 1 k k 1 k

k 1 k
k 1. k

k 1 k

k 1

k 1 k
k

k 1

k 1 k

k 1

1
1

k 1
k

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

d)

e)

2k 1
k 1

k 1 k

k 1 k
k 1 k 1 1
1

k 1 k 2 k k 1 2 k k 1

1
k 1 k k k 1 k 1 k k k 1

2
k k 1
k k k 1 k 1 k k 2 k 1

1
1

k
k 1

V d 1. Cho s nguyn dng n 2 . Tnh tng S

1
1
1

...
1.2 2.3
n 1 n

Gii.
p dng

Ta c :

1
1
1

k k 1 k k 1

1
1
1
1.2
2

1 1 1

2.3 2 3
.

1
1
1

n 1 n n 1 n
Vy S 1

1
n

V d 2. Cho s nguyn dng n . Chng minh

1 1 1
1 2n 1
2 2 ... 2
2
1 2 3
n
n

Gii.
p dng

1
1
1

vi k 2
2
k
k 1 k

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Ta c :

1
1
1
2
2
2

1 1 1

32 2 3

1
1
1

2
n
n 1 n
Do

Vy

1 1
1
1

...

22 32
n2
n

1 1
1
1 2n 1

...

12 22
n2
n
n

V d 3. Cho s nguyn dng n 2 .

Rt gn S n

1
1
1

...
1 2
2 3
n 1 n
Gii.

S dng lng lin hip ta c:

1
k k 1

k 1 k

Do S n 2 1 3 2 ... n n 1 n 1
V d 4. Cho s nguyn dng n .
Chng minh

1
1
1
1
2

...
2
2 3 2 4 3
n 1
n 1 n
Gii.

p dng

1
1
1
2

vi k 1
k 1 k k k 1

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Ta c:

1
1

2 1

2
2

1
1
2

3 2
3
2
1

1
1
2

4 3
4
3
..

1
1
1
2

n 1 n n n 1
Cng v theo v ta c

1
1
1
1
1
2

...
2 1
2

2 3 2 4 3
n 1
n 1
n 1 n
V d 5. Vi n l s nguyn dng.
t S n

1
1
1

...
2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3
n 1 n n n 1

Chng minh S n 1
Gii.
p dng

Ta c:

k 1

1
1
1

k k k 1
k
k 1

1
1
1
2 1 1 2
2
1
1
1

3 22 3
2
3

.
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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

n 1

1
1
1

n n n 1
n
n 1

1
1
n 1

Cng v theo v ta c S n 1

V d 6. Cho n l s nguyn dng. Chng minh

2 n 3 1

1
1
1

...
2 n2
2
3
n
Gii.

1
2
2

2
k 2 k
k k 1

Ta c:

1
2
2

2
k 2 k
k k 1
Vy 2

k 1 k

1
2
k

k k 1

k 1 k

k k 1

p dng cho k 2,3,4,..., n ta c

1
2
2

1
2
3

3 2

4 3

n 1 n

2 1

3 2

..

1
2
n

n n 1

Cng v theo v ta c

n 1 2

1
1
...
2
2
n

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n 1

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

M 2 n 1 2 2 2 n 3 nn ta c iu phi chng minh.
Bi tp.
Bi 1. ( tuyn sinh lp 10 chuyn Thi Bnh 2009)
Chng minh rng

1
1
1
1
88

...

2 3 2 4 3
2010 2009 45

Bi 2. ( tuyn sinh lp 10 chuyn Ton Bnh nh 2010).

Cho s t nhin n, n 3 .
t S n

3 1 2

Chng minh S n

1
2 3

...

2n 1

n n 1

1
2

Bi 3. ( tuyn sinh lp 10 chuyn Hng Vng tnh Ph Th 2001)

Chng minh rng

43
1
1
1
44

...

44 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3
2002 2001 2001 2002 45
Bi 4. Chng minh

2014 1

1
1
1

...
2015
2
3
1016064

Bi 5. Cho n l s nguyn dng. Chng minh

1
1
1
1

...
2
2 3 2 4 3
n 1 n
Bi 6. Cho n l s nguyn dng. Tnh tng
Sn

1.2

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2.3

...

2n 1
n n 1

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Gi : Chng minh v p dng

2k 1
k k 1

1
1

2
2
k
k 1

B. a v cng mu.
V d 7. Cho n 2 l s nguyn dng.

1
1
1
1

...
...
1.n
n.1
2. n 1
k n k 1

t S

Hy so snh S vi

2n
n 1
Gii.

Vi a, b hai s dng phn bit, ta c

a b

0 a b 2 ab

1
2

ab a b

p dng ta c:

1
2

1.n 1 n

1
2. n 1

2
2

2 n 1 n 1

1
2

n.1 n 1
Cng v theo v ta c Sn

2n
n 1

Bi tp.

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Bi1 . Cho S

1
1
1
1

...
...
1.2016
2.2015
2016.1
k 2016 k 1

Hy so snh S vi 2

Bi 2. Cho S

2016
2017

1
1
1
1

...
...
1.1999
2.1998
1999.1
k 1999 k 1

Hy so snh S vi 1,999
C. Rt gn tch.

1 1 1
V d 8. Cho n 2 l s nguyn dng. Rt gn Pn 1 1 ....1
2 3 n
Gii
p dng 1

1 k 1

vi k 2,3,4,..., n ta c :
k
k

3 4 5 n 1 n 1
Pn ...

2
3
4
n
2

V d 9.
Chng minh

1
2 n

1.3.5.... 2n 1
1

vi mi s nguyn dng n .
2.4.6.... 2n
2n 1
Gii.

2k 1 2k 1
Ta c :

2k

4k 2

2k 1

4k 2 1

2k 1
2k 1

Ta c: 2k 1 4k 2 4k 1 4k 2 4k 4k k 1

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

2

2k 1 k 4 k

k 1

2k 1

4k

k 1
k

2k 1
k 1

2k
k
Vy

k 1 2k 1
2k 1

2k
k
2k 1

p dng cho k 1,2,..., n ta c:

1 1

2
3
1
3
3

2 4
5
2 5
5

3 6
7
.

n 1 2n 1
2n 1

2n
n
2n 1
Nhn v theo v ta c

1
2 n

1.3.5.... 2n 1
1

2.4.6.... 2n
2n 1

Bi tp.

1 1 1
Bi 1. Cho n 2 l s nguyn dng. Rt gn Pn 1 1 ...1
2 3 n
1
1
1

Bi 2. Cho n 2 l s nguyn dng. Rt gn Pn 1 2 1 2 ...1 2

2 3 n

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V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

k 1
1
Gi : chng minh v p dng 1 2 k
k
k
k 1
23 1 33 1 n 3 1
Bi 3. Cho n 2 l s nguyn dng. Rt gn Pn 3 . 3 .... 3
2 1 3 1 n 1
Gi : Chng minh v p dng

k 3 1 k 1 k k k 1 1

.
.
k3 1
k k 1 k 1 k 1

Bi 4. Cho n l s nguyn dng.

t an n 2 n 1 1
Tnh tch T

a1.a3....a2 n 1
a2 .a4 ....a2 n
2

a
2k 1 1
Gi . Chng minh v p dng 2 k 1
a2 k
2k 12 1

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