cng HK1 Ha hc 8

CNG N TP HC K I
MN: HO HC 8 - NM HC: 2014 - 2015
I. L THUYT:
Cu 1: Nu khi nim n cht, hp cht, nguyn t, phn t, nguyn t ha hc.
Cu 2: Cho v d v cng thc ha hc. Nu ngha ca cng thc ha hc.
Cu 3: Pht biu quy tc ha tr. Vit biu thc rt ra theo quy tc ha tr.
Cu 4: Phn ng ha hc (khi nim, din bin, iu kin, du hiu)
Cu 5: Pht biu nh lut bo ton khi lng. Vit cng thc tng qut cho nh lut.
Cu 6: Nu khi nim Mol, khi lng mol v th tch mol ca cht kh.
II. BI TP:
Dng 1: Nguyn t ha hc
Bi1: Cho bit s mt s nguyn t sau
a. Hy ch ra: s p trong ht nhn v s e trong nguyn t.
b. Cho bit tn v k hiu ha hc ca cc nguyn t.

(E)

Bi 2: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht di nguyn t (proton, notron, electron) l

28, trong s ht khng mang in l 10. Tnh s p v s e trong nguyn t.
Dng 2: n cht, hp cht, tnh phn t khi
Bi 3: Phn loi n cht, hp cht v tnh phn t khi ca cc cht sau:
kh hidro, nc , ng saccarozo (C12H22O11 ), nhm oxit (Al2O3), vi (CaCO3), kh
cacbonic (CO2), mui n (NaCl), kim loi ng, bt lu hunh, kh clo.
Dng 3: Ha tr
Bi 4: a. Tnh ha tr ca nguyn t N, Fe ln lt c trong cc hp cht NH3, Fe2(S04)3
b. Xc nh nhanh ha tr: H2S, SO2 ; SO3; Fe(NO3)3; Ca(HCO3)2
Bi 5: a. Lp cng thc ho hc ca cc hp cht to bi: Mg (II)v S (II); Al(III)v SO4 (II)
b. Lp nhanh CTHH ca nhng hp cht to bi: N (IV)v O; Fe (II) v S, Ca v PO 4
Dng 4: Phng trnh ha hc
Bi 6: Chn h s thch hp cn bng cc phn ng sau:
1/ Na + O2 Na2O
11/ Al + HCl AlCl3 + H2
2/ P + O2 P2O5
12/ Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2
13/ Al + H2S04 Al2(S04)3 + H2
3/ Zn + Cl2 ZnCl2
14/ FeO + HCl FeCl2 + H20
4/ Al + S Al2S3
5/ KClO3 KCl + O2
15/ Na20 + H20 Na0H
6/ KNO3 KNO2 + O2
16/ N205 + H20 HN03
7/ Al(0H)3 Al203 + H20
17/ Ca(OH)2 + FeCl3 CaCl2 + Fe(OH)3
18/ CuCl2 + AgN03 Cu(N03)2 + AgCl
8/ H2 + Fe2O3 Fe + H2O
1

 cng HK1 Ha hc 8

19/ Na0H + FeS04 Na2S04 + Fe(OH)2

20/ BaCl2 + H2S04 BaS04 + HCl
Dng 5: Chuyn i gia khi lng, th tch v lng cht. T khi
Bi 7: a. Tnh s mol ca : 14g Fe, 20g Ca, 25g CaCO3, 4g NaOH, 1,5.1023phn t H2O
b. Tnh khi lng ca: 0,25mol ZnSO4, 0,2 mol AlCl3, 0,3 mol Cu; 0,35mol Fe2(SO4)3.
c. Tnh th tch ca cc cht kh ktc: 0,2mol CO2; 0,15mol Cl2; 0,3mol SO2; 0,5mol CH4.
Bi 8. 1. Tnh khi lng ca hn hp gm:
a) 3 mol CO2 v 2 mol CO
b) 2,24 lt SO2 v 1,12 lit O2
2. Tnh th tch ktc ca hn hp gm:
a) 4,4 gam CO2 v 0,4 gam H2
b) 6,0. 10 23 phn t NH3 v 3,0. 10 23 phn t O2.
Bi 9: Tnh khi lng mol ca cc cht kh c t khi so vi kh hiro l:16; 8; 14; 35,5; 22
Dng 6: Tnh theo cng thc ha hc
Bi 10: Tnh phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht: NaNO 3; K2CO3 ,
Al(OH)3, SO2, SO3, Fe2O3.
Bi 11: Mt hp cht kh X c t khi i vi hidro l 8,5. Hy xc nh cng thc ha hc
ca X bit hp cht kh c thnh phn theo khi lng l 82,35% N v 17,65% H.
Bi 12: Hp cht B c %Al = 15,79%; %S = 28,07%, cn li l O. Bit khi lng mol B l
342.Vit CTHH di dng Alx(SO4)y
Dng 7: Tnh theo phng trnh ha hc
Cu 13: St tc dng vi axit clohiric: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Thy sinh ra 5,6 lt kh H2 ktc. Hy tnh
a. Khi lng Fe phn ng.
b. Khi lng HCl phn ng.
c. Khi lng FeCl2 to thnh.
Cu 14: Dn kh hiro H2 i qua ng nghim ng 4,8 gam ng (II) oxit CuO, un nng.
Sn phm thu c gm kim loi ng Cu v hi nc H2O.
a. Vit PTHH ca phn ng.
b.Tnh khi lng kim loi ng to thnh.
c. Tnh khi lng nc to thnh.
d. Tnh th tch kh hiro (ktc) phn ng.
Cu 15: Cho 13g km Zn tc dng hon ton vi axit clohiric HCl to thnh mui km
clorua ZnCl2 v gii phng kh hiro H2.
a. Vit PTHH ca phn ng.
b. Tnh khi lng HCl tham gia phn ng v khi lng ZnCl2 to thnh?
c. Tnh th tch kh H2 to thnh ktc
Cho bit nguyn t khi cc nguyn t
K = 39, Na =23, Ba = 137, Ca = 40, Mg = 24, Al = 27, Zn = 65, Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Ag =108,
C = 12, H =1, O = 16, S = 32, P = 31, F = 19, Cl = 35,5
-----------HT----------9/ CO
10/ H2

+ Fe2O3 Fe + CO2
+ CuO Cu + H2O