Self-study Material 1

Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

NHNG CP T BAN CO TH NGHI

MINH A S DUNG UNG NHNG THC RA LA SAI
Chao cac ban!
Minh gi n cac ban tai li u do minh t bin soan, tng hp v nhng t ma rt nhiu ban s
dung sai trong qua trinh hoc IELTS. y la nhng t rt quen thu c va bi vi chung quen thu c,
nn chung ta thng co xu hng chu quan ho c khng h nh n ra minh dung sai. Nhng c p t
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Trong qua trinh soan, co th li do anh may ho c thiu sot gi, cac ban feedback qua ia chi
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Minh cam n rt nhiu!

I.AT HAND VA IN HAND

-Have something at hand: c ngha l bn ang c mt th g trong tay, c sn mt th g
trong tay. c th l mt cun sch, mt vt, mt thng tin. V c sn trong tay, nn khi
s dng cu trc ny, n bao hm thun tin, tin li, c th tin hnh c ngay
V d:
Would you like to go shopping with me? I have some money AT HAND
I have a pile of these books AT HAND. I will chose the best one to read right away
-Have something in hand: c ngha l bn c thm mt th g , tng t nh mt s d tr.
V c thm mt th g , nn ca cu l khng nn lo lng qu, khng nn vi v qu, c bnh
tnh, t tin
V d:
We have one month IN HAND. Therefore, you shouldnt worry much about your assignments

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

deadline
I dont know why my motorbike cant work, but I have a bicycle IN HAND
-Mt s cu trc, idiom hay c cha t HAND bn nn bit:
Lend a hand to sb: gip ai
In the hands of sb: Di quyn kim sot ca ai
Hand sth down to sb: Truyn ci g cho ai
Fall into the hands of sb : Ri vo tay ai
Have a hand in something: Nhng tay, c lin quan vo chuyn g , v vic no

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II. START VA BEGIN

-Start v begin c ngha tng t nhau, bt u mt vic g y. Chng c th thay th cho nhau
trong mt s trng hp nhng 2 t ny c mt vi im rt khc nhau mem nn lu :
Start thng mang n mt cm gic nhanh v mnh, mt cng vic cn c bt u ngay lp
tc. ging nh mt li thi thc, gic gi
VD: You should start applying for this job right away otherwise other candidates will seize it
( Khuyn bn nn xin vic ngay lp tc cng lu, th cng mang n c hi cho cc ng vin
khc)
-Begin th mang n cm gic t t, chm ri hn v ni v mt qu trnh
VD: A child begins to cry out when his father comes closer (a tr bt u khc khi cha ca
cu ta n gn, tc khc t t v ting khc mi lc mt to hn, kiu nh s b b nh , ch ko
a khc lun)
-Nhng trng hp sau chng ta dng START, ch ko dng BEGIN
Khi ng my mc: Start engine
Khi hnh mt chuyn i: Start journey

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

Ngi m mn, ngi bt u mt vic g : Starter

-Trng hp sau chng ta dng BEGIN, ch khng dng START
Ni v mt ngi mi hon ton trong mt lnh vc no : IELTS beginners (Ngi bt u
hc IELTS)

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III. AFFECT VA EFFECT

Affect va l ng t, va l danh t
-Khi Affect l danh t, c ngha l cm xc, s xc ng
VD: She received the bad news of her girl friends sudden death with little affect
-Khi Affect l ng t, c ngha l lm nh hng n, gy ra mt s thay i no , tc
ng n
VD: The extremely hot weather affects my sensitive skin
Effect cng va l ng t, va l danh t
-Khi Effect l danh t, c ngha l Kt qu, hu qu, s thay i c gy ra bi mt tc
nhn no
VD: The constant heavy rain had a negative effect on today traffic in this city
Khi din t ny, chng ta c cu trc : Have a effect on. Ngoi ra cn c cc cu trc nh: put
into effect, bring into effect
-Khi effect l ng t, c ngha l thc hin, hon thnh, em li mt s thay i no
VD: The newly-appointed director has just effected some positive changes for his content
department

Self-study Material 4
Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

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IV. ESPECIALLY VA SPECIALLY

- Especially c ngha c bit l , bng vi "Particularly", dng ch mt th, mt vic no
c bit hn tt c, mang ngha nhn mnh. Especially thng ng trc mt gii t hoc
V trong cu. Trong trng hp l cu n, Especially khng c t u cu.
V d:
I especially like sweet things ( Especially ng trc V )
These butterflies are noticeable in April and May, especially in these meadows. ( Especially ng
trc mt gii t)
- Specially cng c ngha tng t nhng dng ch mt mc ch, i tng c th. Theo sau
Specially, thng l V th qu kh nh designed, made, developed
V d:
This shower gel is specially designed for people with sensitive skins. (Du gi ny dnh ring
cho nhng ngi c da u nhy cm)

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V.CONTINUAL VA CONTINUOUS
Hai ch continual v continuous d nhm v cng c phn continue (tip tc). Continuous v
continual u l tnh t (adjective) v thng dng trc mt danh t (noun). Trng t l
continuously v continually.

* Continual ngha l xy ra lin tip, chc chc li xy ti = repeatedly.

- I felt annoyed by his continual interruptions=Ti thy bc mnh v hn c quy ry hoi (chc

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

chc li ph). (Continual=at short intervals).

- Traffic passed in a continual flow=Xe c di chuyn khng dt.
- I was tired by the continual trips to the grocery, school and office=Ti mt v phi va i ch,
a con i hc va n s lm vic.
- He is continually reminding me of what I owe him=N c li nhi nhc ti tr n n.

* Continuous ngha l khng ngng, khng dt, lin tu bt tn, without stopping.
- Continuously=uninterruptedly: The wind blew continuously for three hours=Gi hoi khng
ngng trong ba ting ng h.
- The rain has been continuous since this morning=T sng n gi ma khng dt.
Tng ng vi continuously l incessantly (khng ngng).
Tm li: nu mt chuyn chc chc hay tng qung li xy ra, c khi lm ta bc mnh, dng
tnh t continual hay trng t continually, ty trng hp. Cn nu mt chuyn xy ra khng
ngng, lin tip, lin t t, dng continuously.

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VI. AT THE END VA IN THE END

In the end l ng trng t bt u bng mt gii t (in) c ngha l cui cng, rt cuc tng
ng vi finally, eventually
VD: In the end, his company goes bankruptcy after 5 year foundation ( Cui cng th, cng ty
anh ta cng ri vo tnh trng ph sn sau 5 nm thnh lp)
At the end : im kt thc, ci cui cng, kt thc ca mt th g . Vi ngha nh vy, nn sau
at the end bt buc phi c mt gii t l OF i km cng vi mt Noun ng vai tr nh
mt tn ng

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

VD: At the end of the story, they live happily together forever. (Kt thc cu chuyn, h sng
hnh phc bn nhau sut cuc i)

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VII. DEEP VA DEEPLY

-Deep va l tnh t, ph t, dng din t chiu su vt l, chiu su khng gian
V d: We decided to go deeper into jungle ( Jungle l rng rm, ch khng gian, a hnh )
Khi dng vi ngha ny deep thng i km vi gii t into
-Ngc li deeply l ph t din t chiu su ca suy ngh, cm xc, tm trng.
V d: He should think deeply before making this decision
-Ngoi ra, deeply khng i vi but, m phi l but deep down
V d
She can seem serious, but deeply she is a very kind person (SAI)
She can seem serious, but deep down she is a very kind person (NG)

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VIII. ALTOGETHER VA ALL TOGETHER

Hai t ny thot nhn qua th ging nhau nhng khc nhau hon ton y nh

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

-Khc nhau trong cch vit

Altogether bn phi vit lin v Al chi c mt ch l
All together bn vit cch ra v All c hai ch l

- Khc nhau v ngha

Altogether c ngha l tng cng hoc hon ton. Tng ng vi in total hoc
completely
V d: We invited fifty people altogether
I'm not altogether convinced by this argument
All together c ngha l tt c cng ang mt ni no , tt c hy cng lm mt iu g

V d: Can you put your books all together in this box

Lets sing Happy birthday. All together now!

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IX. QUITE VA QUIET

1. Quite: c ngha l hon ton, trn vn.
VD: The bottle was quite empty.
=> Chai ru hon ton rng tuch.
VD: It's a quite extraordinary experience.
=> l mt kinh nghim ht sc khc thng.
Quite: C ngha l "kha kh", "hi hi", khi dng vi nhng tnh t, trng t c tc dng lm
"yu i" v mc
VD: David plays soccer quite well.
=> David chi bng kh tt.

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

2. Quiet: c ngha l yn tnh, yn lng.

VD: The roads are usually quiet in the evening.
=> Nhng con ng ny lun yn tnh vo bui ti.

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X. REGARD v CONSIDER
Regard v Consider l hai ng t kh quen thuc. Nhng y cng l hai t rt nhiu bn s
dng cha chun khi vit cng nh ni. Cng xem bn tng mc nhng li nh di y khi
s dng Regard v Consider khng nh!
-C hai u c ngha l coi nh, xem nh hoc , lu tm n. Vi ngha ny, chng ta c
cu trc m hn rt nhiu bn a bit: Consider/Regard sb/sth as sth
VD: Heavy industry has been regarded/considered as the key economic sector
VD: She regards/ considers herself as the most appropriate candidate for the title of personal
assistant
-C th lc b as i vi Consider, nhng as bt buc phi c i vi Regard. Ni cch khc,
chng ta khng th lc b as sau Regard c.
Ngoi cu trc trn, sau Consider cn l mt mnh c that: Consider that sb/sth is sth. Regard
khng c cu trc, cch din t nh th ny. V th khng tn ti cu trc la Regard that sb/sth
is sth.
Regard c th c s dng nh tnh t, b ngha cho ch ng hoc i km vi mt tn ng v
cm ph t. Consider khng c cch dng ny.
VD: Her devotion in work is highly regarded ( Regard ng vai tr nh mt tnh t )
VD: She regards every objects in my room with suspicion ( Regard i km vi mt tn ng l
every objects in my room v mt cm ph t l with suspicion ).

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

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XI. COMPARE TO VA COMPARE WITH

tm hiu s khc nhau gia cch dng 2 cu trc compare to v compare with chng ta xem
xt cc v d sau:
1. She compares me with a lion.
2. She compares me to a lion.
3. She compares my English with Ana's English.
Nhiu bn rng 2 cu trc ny ging nhau, nhng khng phi nh vy. Vy th s khc nhau gia
compare to v compare with l g?
Quy tc:
+ Chng ta s dng compare with khi mun so snh nhng th cng loi tm s ging v
khc nhau gia chng.
V d:
- My boss often compares my speaking skill with my coworkers - Sp ti thng so snh k
nng ni ca ti vi ng nghip (So snh cng 1 th l k nng)
+ Chng ta s dng compare to khi mun so snh nhng th khng cng loi.
V d:
- He often compares me to a turtle. - Anh y thng so snh ti vi con ra (Ti v con ra
khng cng th)
- She compares me to the sun - C y so snh ti vi mt tri.
Nh vy trong 3 cu v d trn ta thy rng cu 2 v 3 l ng, cu 1 l sai.

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

XII. AFTER VA AFTERWARDS

After c th l mt lin t hoc gii t. Nu l gii t th theo sau n phi l mt danh t, i t
hay danh ng t. Nu khng mun dng mt danh t/i t/danh ng t, ta khng th dng
After m phi dng Afterwards (trng t). Afterwards c th ng cui mnh (...)
- After c th c dng nh mt lin t.
V d:
After he had tuned the piano it sounded quite different.
Sau khi anh ta ln dy n piano n nghe hon ton khc hn.
- After (gii t) c ngha l "sau, sau khi". Theo sau n phi l mt danh t, i t hay danh
ng t.
V d:
Don't bathe immediately after a meal/after eating.
ng tm ngay sau khi n xong.
Don't have meal and bathe immediately after it.
ng c n ri sau tm ngay.
- Nu ta khng mun dng mt danh t/i t/danh ng t, ta khng th dng after m phi
dng Afterwards (trng t).
V d:
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately afterwards.
ng n ri tm ngay sau .
They bathed and afterwards played games/played games afterwards.
H tm ri v sau chi tr chi.
- Afterwards c th ng cui mnh v c th c b ngha bi soon (sm), immediately
(ngay tc khc), not long (khng bao lu)

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Written by Hung Hanu IELTS Tutor

V d:
Soon afterwards we got a letter.

Ngay sau chng ti nhn c mt l th.

We got a letter not long afterwards.
Chng ti nhn c mt l th sau khng lu.

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