GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Lp 11K2

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

Chuyn 11

T Hp - Xc Sut
1. Hon V - Chnh Hp - T Hp
11.1. (B-05) Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ngi, gm 12 nam v 3 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch phn cng
i v gip ba tnh min ni sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n.
Li gii. Phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn theo th t tnh th nht; tnh th hai v tnh th ba.
4
Phn cng cc thanh nin tnh nguyn v tnh th nht c C12
.C31 cch.
Phn cng cc thanh nin tnh nguyn v tnh th hai c C84 .C21 cch.
Phn cng cc thanh nin tnh nguyn v tnh th ba c C44 .C21 cch.
4
Vy c C12
.C31 .C84 .C21 .C44 .C21 = 207900 cch phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn v gip ba tnh min ni.
11.2. (D-06) i thanh nin xung kch ca trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh, gm 5 hc sinh lp A, 4 hc sinh lp
B v 3 hc sinh lp C. Cn chn bn hc sinh i lm nhim v sao cho bn hc sinh ny thuc khng qu hai lp.
Hi c bao nhiu cch chn.
Li gii. S cch chn 4 hc sinh thuc khng qu hai lp bng s cch chn 4 hc sinh bt k tr i s cch chn
4 hc sinh c mt c hc sinh ba lp.
4
Chn 4 hc sinh bt k trong tng s 12 hc sinh c C12
= 495 cch.
Chn 4 hc sinh c mt c hc sinh ba lp c cc trng hp:
TH1: Chn 2 hc sinh lp A, 1 hc sinh lp B, 1 hc sinh lp B c C52 .C41 .C31 = 120 cch.
TH2: Chn 1 hc sinh lp A, 2 hc sinh lp B, 1 hc sinh lp B c C51 .C42 .C31 = 90 cch.
TH3: Chn 1 hc sinh lp A, 1 hc sinh lp B, 2 hc sinh lp B c C51 .C41 .C32 = 60 cch.
Do chn 4 hc sinh c mt c hc sinh ba lp c 120 + 90 + 60 = 270 cch.
Vy chn 4 hc sinh thuc khng qu hai lp c 495 270 = 225 cch.
11.3. (B-04) Trong mt mn hc, thy gio c 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 cu hi kh, 10 cu hi trung bnh v
15 cu hi d. T 30 cu hi c th lp c bao nhiu kim tra, mi gm 5 cu hi khc nhau, sao cho
trong mi phi c 3 loi cu hi (kh, trung bnh v d) v s cu hi d khng t hn 2.
Li gii. Lp mt kim tra tha mn yu cu bi ton c cc trng hp sau:
2
2
TH1: gm 2 cu d, 2 cu trung bnh v 1 cu kh c C15
.C10
.C51 = 23625 cch.
2
1
TH2: gm 2 cu d, 1 cu trung bnh v 2 cu kh c C15 .C10 .C52 = 10500 cch.
1
3
TH3: gm 3 cu d, 1 cu trung bnh v 1 cu kh c C15
.C10
.C51 = 22750 cch.
Vy c 23625 + 10500 + 22750 = 56875 cch lp kim tra.
11.4. Mt hp ng 4 bi , 5 bi trng v 6 bi vng. Ngi ta chn ra 4 vin bi t hp . Hi c bao nhiu cch
chn s bi ly ra khng ba mu.
Li gii. S cch chn 4 bi khng ba mu bng s cch chn 4 bi bt k tr s cch chn 4 bi c ba mu.
4
Chn 4 bi bt k trong tng s 15 bi c C15
= 1365 cch.
Chn 4 bi c ba mu c cc trng hp sau:
TH1: Chn 2 bi , 1 bi trng, 1 bi vng c C42 .C51 .C61 = 180 cch.
TH2: Chn 1 bi , 2 bi trng, 1 bi vng c C41 .C52 .C61 = 240 cch.
TH3: Chn 1 bi , 1 bi trng, 2 bi vng c C41 .C51 .C62 = 300 cch.
Do chn 4 bi c ba mu c 180 + 240 + 300 = 720 cch.
Vy chn 4 bi khng ba mu c 1365 720 = 645 cch.
11.5. Chng minh cc h thc sau
n+1
2 n
a) An+2
n+k + An+k = k An+k .
c) Pk A2n+1 A2n+3 A2n+5 = nk!A5n+5 .

k2
b) k (k 1) Cnk = n (n 1) Cn2
.!

d) (B-08)
1

n+1
n+2

1
1
+ k+1
k
Cn+1
Cn+1

1
.
Cnk

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

Lp 11K2

Li gii.
(n + k)! (n + k)!
k(k 1)(n + k)! k(n + k)!
k 2 (n + k)!
+
=
+
=
= k 2 Ann+k (pcm).
(k 2)!
(k 1)!
k!
k!
k!
k(k 1)n!
n(n 1)(n 2)!
k2
=
= k (k 1) Cnk = V P (pcm).
b) V T = n (n 1) Cn2
=
(n k)!(k 2)!
(n k)!k!
n(n + 5)!
(n + 1)! (n + 3)! (n + 5)!
c) V T = Pk A2n+1 A2n+3 A2n+5 = k!
.
.
= k!
= nk!A5n+5 = V P (pcm).
(n

1)!
(n
+
1)!
(n
+
3)!
n!
!


1
1
n+1
n + 1 k!(n + 1 k)! (k + 1)!(n k)!
+ k+1 =
+
d) V T =
k
n + 2 Cn+1
n+2
(n + 1)!
(n + 1)!
Cn+1


n + 1 k!(n k)!(n + 1 k + k + 1)
k!(n k)!
1
=
=
= k = V P (pcm).
n+2
(n + 1)n!
n!
Cn

n+1
a) An+2
n+k + An+k =

11.6. Gii phng trnh, bt phng

trnh v h phng trnh


a) Px A2x + 72 = 6 A2x + 2Px .
b) 12 A22x A2x x6 Cx3 + 10.

y
y
2Ax + 5Cx = 90
2
4
2x
c)
.
d) C2x
+ C2x
+ ... + C2x
22003 1.
5Ayx 2Cxy = 80
e) A3n + 2Cnn2 9n.
f) Cx1 + 6Cx2 + 6Cx3 = 9x2 14x.
Li gii.
a) iu kin: x Z, x 2. Ta c phng trnh tng ng:






Px A2x + 72 6A2x 12Px = 0 Px A2x 12 6 A2x 12 = 0 A2x 12 (Px 6) = 0


 2
x=4
x(x 1) 12 = 0
Ax 12 = 0

x = 3 (loi)

Px 6
x! = 6
x=3
Vy phng trnh c nghim x = 3, x = 4.
b) iu kin: x Z, x 3. Ta c bt phng trnh tng ng:
6 x(x 1)(x 2)
1
(2x)(2x 1) x(x 1)
+ 10 2x2 x x2 + x x2 3x + 2 + 10 x 4
2
x
3!
Kt hp iu kin bt phng trnh c nghim x = 3, x = 4.
c) iu kin: x, y Z, x y 0. Ta c h phng trnh tng ng:


 y

y=2
y!Cxy = 20
Ax = 20
2Ayx + 5Cxy = 90

x=5
Cxy = 10
Cxy = 10
5Ayx 2Cxy = 80
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (5; 2).
d) iu kin: x N .
2x1 2x1
0
1
2 2
3 3
2x 2x
Xt khai trin (1 + a)2x = C2x
+ C2x
a + C2x
a + C2x
a + ... + C2x
a
+ C2x
a .
Ln lt chn a = 1 v a = 1 ta c:
2x1
0
1
2
3
2x
22x = C2x
+ C2x
+ C2x
+ C2x
+ ... + C2x
+ C2x
(1)
2x1
0
1
2
3
2x
0 = C2x
C2x
+ C2x
C2x
+ ... + (1)2x1 C2x
+ (1)2x C2x
(2)

4
2x
2
4
2x
0
2
= 22x1 1.
+ C2x
+ ... + C2x
C2x
+ C2x
+ ... + C2x
Cng theo v (1) v (2) ta c: 22x = 2 C2x
+ C2x
2x1
2003
Do bt phng trnh cho tng ng
1 2
1 x 1002.
 vi 2
Vy bt phng trnh c tp nghim S = x N x 1002 .
e) iu kin: n Z, n 3. Ta c bt phng trnh tng ng:
A3n + 2Cn2 9n n(n 1(n 2) + 2

n(n 1)
9n n(n2 2n 8) 0 2 n 4
2!

Kt hp iu kin bt phng trnh c nghim x = 3, x = 4.

f) iu kin: x Z, x 3. Ta c phng trnh tng ng:

x = 0 (loi)
x(x 1)
x(x 1)(x 2)
x+6
+6
= 9x2 14x x(x2 9x + 14) = 0 x = 2 (loi)
2!
3!
x=7
Vy phng trnh c nghim x = 7.
2

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

11.7. (D-05) Tnh gi tr ca M =

p 11K2
Chuyn 11. T Hp L
- Xc
Sut

A4n+1 + 3A3n
2
2
2
2
bit Cn+1
+ 2Cn+2
+ 2Cn+3
+ Cn+4
= 149.
(n + 1)!

Li gii. iu kin: n Z, n 3. iu kin cho tng ng vi

(n + 2)(n + 1)
(n + 3)(n + 2) (n + 4)(n + 3)
(n + 1)n
+2
+2
+
= 149
2!
2!
2!
2!
n=5
n2 + 4n 45 = 0
n = 9 (loi)
Do ta c: M =

3
A46 + 3A35
= .
6!
4

11.8. (B-06) Cho tp A gm n phn t (n 4). Bit rng s tp con 4 phn t bng 20 ln s tp con gm 2 phn
t. Tm k {1, 2, ..., n} sao cho s tp con gm k phn t ca A l ln nht.
Li gii. S tp con k phn t ca A l Cnk . Do theo gi thit ta c:
Cn4 = 20Cn2

n(n 1)
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)
= 20
n(n 1) n2 5n 234 = 0 n = 18
4!
2!

0
1
2
9
10
18
D thy c C18
< C18
< C18
< ... < C18
> C18
> ... > C18
.
Vy s tp con gm 9 phn t l ln nht.

11.9. (B-02) Cho a gic u A1 A2 ...A2n ni tip ng trn (O). Bit rng s tam gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n
nh nhiu gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c cc nh l 4 trong 2n nh. Tm n.
3
Li gii. S tam gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n nh a gic l C2n
.
Gi ng cho i qua tm O ca a gic l ng cho ln th a gic c n ng cho ln.
Mi hnh ch nht c cc nh l 4 trong 2n nh a gic c hai ng cho l hai ng cho ln. Ngc li hai
ng cho ln lun to ra mt hnh ch nht. Do s hnh ch nht bng s cp ng cho ln v bng Cn2 .
2n(2n 1)(2n 2)
n(n 1)
3
Theo gi thit ta c: C2n
= 20Cn2
= 20
n(n 1)(2n 16) = 0 n = 8.
3!
2!

2. Xc Sut
11.10. (B-2012) Trong mt lp hc gm c 15 hc sinh nam v 10 hc sinh n. Gio vin gi ngu nhin 4 hc sinh
ln bng gii bi tp. Tnh xc sut 4 hc sinh c gi c c nam v n.
4
Li gii. Php th l chn 4 hc sinh bt k ln bng nn s phn t khng gian mu l: || = C25
= 12650.
3
1
2
2
1
3
Gi A l bin c: "Chn 4 hc sinh ln bng c c nam v n" ta c |A | = C15 .C10 + C15 .C10 + C15
.C10
= 11075.
|A |
11075
443
Vy xc sut 4 hc sinh c gi c c nam v n l: P (A) =
=
=
.
||
12650
506

11.11. Mt hp ng 4 vin bi , 5 vin bi trng v 6 vin bi vng. Ngi ta chn ra 4 vin bi t hp . Tnh
xc sut trong s bi ly ra khng c ba mu.
4
Li gii. Php th l chn 4 bi bt k trong tng s 15 bi nn s phn t khng gian mu l: || = C15
= 1365.
Gi A l bin c: "Chn 4 bi khng c ba mu, suy ra A l bin c: "Chn 4 bi c ba mu".

| |
720
48
Ta c: |A | = C42 .C51 .C61 + C41 .C52 .C61 + C41 .C51 .C62 = 720 P A = A =
=
.
||
1365
91


48
43
Vy xc sut trong s bi ly ra khng c ba mu l: P (A) = 1 P A = 1
=
.
91
91

11.12. Mt t c 9 nam v 3 n. Chia t thnh 3 nhm mi nhm gm 4 ngi. Tnh xc sut khi chia ngu
nhin nhm no cng c n.
4
Li gii. Php th l chia t thnh ba nhm mi nhm gm 4 ngi nn || = C12
.C84 .C44 = 34650.
3 1
3 1
3 1
Gi A l bin c: "Nhm no cng c n" ta c: |A | = C9 C3 .C6 C2 .C3 C1 = 10080.
|A |
10080
16
Vy xc sut nhm no cng c n l: P (A) =
=
=
.
||
34650
55

11.13. Mt t c 13 hc sinh, trong c 4 n. Cn chia t thnh ba nhm, nhm th nht c 4 hc sinh, nhm
th hai c 4 hc sinh, nhm th ba c 5 hc sinh. Tnh xc sut mi nhm c t nht mt hc sinh n.
3

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

Lp 11K2

4
Li gii. Php th l chia t thnh ba nhm gm 4 hc sinh, 4 hc sinh v 5 hc sinh nn || = C13
.C94 .C55 = 90090.
Gi A l bin c: "Mi nhm c t nht mt hc sinh n" ta c:

|A | = C93 C41 .C63 C31 .C33 C22 + C93 C41 .C63 C32 .C33 C11 + C93 C42 .C63 C21 .C33 C11 = 60480
Vy xc sut mi nhm c t nht mt hc sinh n l: P (A) =

60480
96
|A |
=
=
.
||
90090
143

11.14. C hai hp ng bi. Hp mt c 7 bi xanh v 3 bi , hp hai c 6 bi xanh v 4 bi . Ly ngu nhin mi

hp mt bi. Tm xc sut c t nht mt bi .
1
1
Li gii. Php th l ly mi hp mt bi nn s phn t khng gian mu l: || = C10
.C10
= 100.
Gi A l bin c: "Ly c t nht mt bi ", suy ra A l bin c: "Ly c hai bi xanh".

| |
42
21
Ta c: |A | = C71 .C61 = 42 P A = A =
=
.
||
100
50


21
29
Vy xc sut ly c t nht mt bi l: P (A) = 1 P A = 1
=
.
50
50

11.15. C hai hp cha cc vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Hp th nht cha ba bi xanh, hai bi vng v mt bi
. Hp th hai cha hai bi xanh, mt bi vng v ba bi . Ly ngu nhin t mi hp mt vin bi. Tnh xc sut
ly c hai bi xanh.
Li gii. Php th l ly mi hp mt bi nn s phn t khng gian mu l: || = C61 .C61 = 36.
Gi A l bin c: "Ly c hai bi xanh", ta c: |A | = C31 .C21 = 6.
6
1
|A |
=
= .
Vy xc sut ly c hai bi xanh l: P (A) =
||
36
6
11.16. Mt ngi gi in thoi, qun hai ch s cui v ch nh rng hai ch s phn bit. Tnh xc sut
ngi gi mt ln ng s cn gi.
Li gii. Gi hai ch s cui ca s in thoi l ab. V a, b phn bit nn c tt c 90 s. Ngi ch gi mt ln
1
nn xc sut l 90
.
11.17. Ngi ta s dng 5 cun sch Ton, 6 cun sch L, 7 cun sch Ho (cc cun sch cng loi ging nhau),
lm gii thng cho 9 hc sinh, mi hc sinh c hai cun sch khc loi. Trong s hc sinh c hai bn Ngc v
Tho. Tm xc sut hai bn Ngc v Tho c gii thng ging nhau.
Li gii. Chia 18 cun sch thnh 9 b sch, mi b hai cun khc loi. Gi x, y, z ln lt l s b Ton-L,
Ton-Ha v L-Ha, ta c:

x = 2
x + y = 5
x+z =6 y =3

z=4
y+z =7
Xt php th l pht 9 b sch cho 9 hc sinh ta c: || = C92 .C73 .C44 = 1260.
Gi A l bin c: "Ngc v Tho c gii thng ging nhau" ta c cc trng hp:
TH1: Ngc v Tho cng nhn b sch Ton-L c C73 C44 = 35 cch pht b sch cho 7 ngi cn li.
TH2: Ngc v Tho cng nhn b sch Ton-Ha c C72 C51 C44 = 105 cch pht b sch cho 7 ngi cn li.
TH3: Ngc v Tho cng nhn b sch L-Ha c C72 C53 C22 = 210 cch pht b sch cho 7 ngi cn li.
Do s phn t ca bin c A l |A | = 35 + 105 + 210 = 350.
350
5
A|
Vy xc sut hai bn Ngc v Tho c gii thng ging nhau l: P (A) = |
|| = 1260 = 18 .
11.18. Mt nhm hc tp gm 7 nam v 5 n, trong c bn nam A v bn n B. Chn ngu nhin 6 bn lp
mt i tuyn thi hc sinh gii. Tnh xc sut i tuyn c 3 nam v 3 n, trong phi c hoc bn nam A,
hoc bn n B nhng khng c c hai.
6
Li gii. Php th l chn 6 hc sinh trong tng s 12 hc sinh nn || = C12
= 924.
Gi A l bin c: "i tuyn c 3 nam v 3 n, trong phi c hoc bn nam A, hoc bn n B nhng khng
c c hai".
Ta c: |A | = C62 .C43 + C63 .C42 = 180.
|A |
180
15
=
=
.
Vy xc sut cn tm l: P (A) =
||
924
77

11.19. C hai ti. Ti th nht cha 3 tm th nh s 1, 2, 3 v ti th hai cha 4 tm th nh s 4, 5, 6, 8.

Rt ngu nhin t mi ti mt tm th ri cng hai s ghi trn hai tm th vi nhau. Gi X l s thu c. Lp
bng phn b xc sut ca X v tnh E(X).
4

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

p 11K2
Chuyn 11. T Hp L
- Xc
Sut

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

Li gii. Ta c bng phn b xc sut:

X
P

10

11

1
12

2
12

3
12

2
12

2
12

1
12

1
12

K vng l E(X) = 7, 75.

3. Nh Thc Newton
11.20. (D-04) Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin thnh a thc ca biu thc
Li gii. Ta c:


3
x+

4 x

7


3
x+

4 x

7

, x > 0.

7
 1 7k  1 k
 1
7
7
7
P
P
P
1
7
k
k
7
7k
x 4
= x 3 + x 4 =
C7k x 3
=
C7k x 3 3 x 4 =
C7k x 3 12 .
k=0

k=0

k=0

7 7k
S hng khng cha x tng ng s hng cha k tha
= 0 k = 4.
3 12
4
Vy s hng khng cha x l C7 = 35.
5

10

11.21. (D-07) Tm h s ca x5 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca biu thc x(1 2x) + x2 (1 + 3x) .
10
5
10
P
P
P
k
i
k
i
i i i+2
C5k (2x) + x2
C10
(3x) =
C5k (2) xk+1 +
C10
3x .
i=0
i=0
k=0
k=0


k+1=5
k=4
S hng cha x5 tng ng s hng cha k v i tha

.
i+2=5
i=3
3 3
Vy h s ca s hng cha x5 l C54 (2)4 + C10
3 = 3320.

8
11.22. (A-04) Tm h s ca x8 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca biu thc 1 + x2 (1 x) .
5

Li gii. Ta c: x(1 2x) + x2 (1 + 3x)

10

=x

5
P

8
8

8

k
P
P
k
Li gii. Ta c: 1 + x2 (1 x) =
C8k x2 (1 x) =
C8k x2k (1 x)
k=0
k=0
 k

8
8 P
k
8 P
k
P
P i
P
P
i
i
i
k 2k
=
C8 x
Ck (x) =
C8k x2k Cki (1) xi =
C8k Cki (1) x2k+i
k=0

i=0

k=0 i=0

k=0 i=0

S hng cha x8 tng ng s hngcha k v i tha2k + i = 8.

k=3
k=4
V 0 i k 8 nn 2k + i = 8
hoc
.
i=2
i=0
Vy h s ca s hng cha x8 l C83 C32 (1)2 + C84 C40 (1)0 = 238.
11.23. Tm h s ca x4 trong khai trin a thc P (x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2

10

10

10

k
P
k
Li gii. Ta c: P (x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2
=
C10
2x + 3x2
k=0
 k

10
10 P
k
10 P
k
P
P
P
P
i
i
ki
ki
k
k
k
=
C10
Cki (2x) (3x2 ) =
C10
Cki (2x) (3x2 ) =
C10
Cki 2ki 3i xk+i
k=0

k=0 i=0

i=0

k=0 i=0

S hng cha x4 tng ng s hngcha k v itha k + i = 4. 

k=4
k=3
k=2
V 0 i k 10 nn k + i = 4
,
hoc
.
i=0
i=1
i=2
4
3
2
Vy h s ca s hng cha x4 l C10
C40 24 30 + C10
C31 22 31 + C10
C22 20 32 = 8085.

4
11.24. t 1 x + x2 x3 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ... + a12 x12 . Tnh h s a7 .

4

4

4
4
Li gii. Ta c: 1 x + x2 x3 = 1 x + x2 (1 x) = (1 x) 1 + x2
 4
 4

4 P
4
4 P
4
P k
P i 2 i
P
P
k
k
k
=
C4 (x)
C4 (x ) =
C4k (1) xk C4i x2i =
C4k C4i (1) xk+2i
k=0

i=0

k=0 i=0

k=0 i=0

S hng cha x7 tng ng s hng

 cha k v i tha
 k + 2i = 7.
k=3
k=1
V 0 i, k 4 nn k + 2i = 7
hoc
.
i=2
i=3
Vy h s a7 ca s hng cha x7 l a7 = C43 C42 (1)3 + C41 C43 (1)1 = 40.
11.25. (D-02) Tm s nguyn dng n tho mn h thc Cn0 + 2.Cn1 + 22 .Cn2 + ... + 2n .Cnn = 243.
Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)n =

n
P

Cnk xk . Chn x = 2 ta c: 3n =

n
P
k=0

k=0

Li theo gi thit ta c: 3n = 243 n = 5.

5

Cnk 2k .

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Lp 11K2

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

2n1
1
3
11.26. (D-08) Tm s nguyn dng n tho mn h thc C2n
+ C2n
+ ... + C2n
= 2048.

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)2n =

2n
P

k k
C2n
x .

k=0
2n
P
k
k
k
C2n
(1) v 0 =
C2n
(1) (2)
k=0
k=0


2n1
1
3
Tr theo v (1) v (2) ta c: 22n = 2 C2n
+ C2n
+ ... + C2n
.
Li theo gi thit c 22n = 2.2048 22n = 212 n = 6.

Chn ln lt x = 1 v x = 1 ta c: 22n =

2n
P

11.27. Tm s t nhin n sao cho 1.Cn1 + 2.Cn2 + ... + nCnn = n.22009 .

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)n =
Chn x = 1 ta c: n.2n1 =

n
P

n
P

Cnk xk . Ly o hm hai v ta c: n(1 + x)n1 =

n
P

Cnk kxk1 .

k=1

k=0

Cnk k. Li theo gi thit c: n.2n1 = n.22009 n = 2010.

k=1

11.28. (A-2012)
s nguyn dng tha mn 5Cnn1 = Cn3 . Tm s hng cha x5 trong khai trin nh thc
 2Cho nl
n
nx
1
Newton ca
, x 6= 0.

14
x
n(n 1)(n 2)
n = 7.
Li gii. iu kin: n Z, n 3. Khi : 5Cnn1 = Cn3 5n =
3!
 2
n  2
7 X




7
7
7k
k
X
x
nx
1
1
1
x2
1
k
=
=
C7k

Do

=
C7k 7k (1) x143k .
14
x
2
x
2
x
2
k=0

k=0

S hng cha x5 tng ng s hng cha k tha 14 3k = 5 k = 3.

1
35
Vy s hng cha x5 l C73 4 (1)3 x5 = x5 .
2
16
n

11.29. (B-07) Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin (2 + x) , bit 3n Cn0 3n1 Cn1 + 3n2 Cn2 + ... + (1) Cnn = 2048.
Li gii. Xt khai trin (x 1)n =

n
P

Cnk xnk (1) . Chn x = 3 ta c: 2n =

k=0

n
P

Cnk 3nk (1) .

k=0
11
P

Li theo gi thit ta c: 2n = 2048 n = 11. Khi : (2 + x)n = (2 + x)11 =

k 11k k
C11
2
x .

k=0
10 1
S hng cha x1 0 tng ng s hng cha k tha k = 10. Vy h s ca s hng cha x1 0 l C11
2 = 22.
n


n+1
n
Cn+3
11.30. (A-03) Tm h s ca s hng cha x8 trong khai trin x13 + x5 , bit Cn+4
= 7 (n + 3).
n+1
n
(n+3)(n+2)(n+1)
= 7 (n + 3) n = 12.
Li gii. Ta c: Cn+4
Cn+3
= 7 (n + 3) (n+4)(n+3)(n+2)
3!
3!






12
12
n
12
k

P
P
5
5
12k
k
k 11
Khi : x13 + x5 = x3 + x 2
=
C12
x3
x2
=
C12
x 2 k36 .
k=0

k=0

11
8
k 36 k = 8. Vy h s ca s hng cha x8 l C12
= 495.
2

n
1
2
n
trong khai trin x14 + x7 , bit C2n+1
+ C2n+1
+ ... + C2n+1
= 220 1.

S hng cha x8 tng ng s hng cha k tha

11.31. (A-06) Tm h s ca x26

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)2n+1 =

Li c

k
C2n+1

2n+1k
C2n+1

2n+1

nn 2

2n+1
P

k
C2n+1
xk . Chn x = 1 ta c: 22n+1 =

k=0
2n+1
P

k=0

2n+1
P

k
C2n+1
.

k=0
k
C2n+1

=2

n
P

k
C2n+1

2n

1=

k=0

n
P

k
C2n+1
.

k=1

Li theo gi thit c: 22n 1 = 220 1 k = 10.

10
10

10k 7
k

n

10
P
P
k
k 11k40
x
.
Khi : x14 + x7 = x4 + x7
=
C10
x4
x
=
C10
k=0

k=0

S hng cha x26 tng ng s hng cha k tha 11k 40 = 26 k = 6.

6
Vy h s ca s hng cha x26 l C10
= 210.
11.32.
(D-03) Vi n l s nguyn dng, gi a3n3 l h s ca x3n3 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca
n
n
x2 + 1 (x + 2) . Tm n a3n3 = 26n.
 n
 n

n
n P

n
P k 2n2k
P i i ni
P
n
2
Li gii. Ta c: x + 1 (x + 2) =
Cn x
Cn 2 x
=
Cnk Cni 2i x3n2ki .
i=0
k=0
k=0 i=0
(
(
k=0
k=1
3n3
S hng cha x
tng ng s hng cha k v i tha 3n2ki = 3n3 2k+i = 3
hoc
i=3
i=1
Do h s a3n3 ca s hng cha x3n3 l Cn0 Cn3 23 + Cn1 Cn1 21 =
Theo gi thit a3n3 = 26n 4n(n1)(n2)
+ n2 = 26n n = 5.
3
6

4n(n1)(n2)
3

+ n2 .

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

p 11K2
Chuyn 11. T Hp L
- Xc
Sut

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

 x1
n
 x1 n
 x1 n1
x
x

x
n
11.33. (A-02) Cho khai trin biu thc 2 2 + 2 3
= Cn0 2 2
+ Cn1 2 2
2 3 + ... + Cnn 2 3 . Bit
rng trong khai trin Cn3 = 5Cn1 v s hng th t bng 20n. Tm n v x.


= 5n n n2 3n 28 = 0 n = 7.
Li gii. iu kin: n Z, n 3. Ta c: Cn3 = 5Cn1 n(n1)(n2)
3!
 x1 4
x
3
Khi s hng th t l C73 2 2
2 3 = 35.22x2 .2x = 35.2x2 .
Theo gi thit ta c: 35.2x2 = 140 2x2 = 4 x = 4.
n

2n+1
1
2
3
11.34. (A-05) Tm s nguyn dng n tha C2n+1
2.2C2n+1
+ 3.22 C2n+1
+ ... + (1) 22n C2n+1
= 2005.
2n+1
P

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)2n+1 =

k
C2n+1
xk . Ly o hm hai v c (2n+1)(1 + x)2n =

2n+1
P

k
C2n+1
kxk1 .

k=0

k=0

Thay x = 2 ta c: 2n + 1 =

2n+1
P

k1 k1

k
C2n+1
k(1)

k=0

Theo gi thit ta c: 2n + 1 = 2005 n = 1002.

2n1
1
2n C2n

1
3
11.35. (A-07) Chng minh rng 21 C2n
+ 41 C2n
+ ... +
2n

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x)

2n
P

k k
C2n
x (1) v (1 x)

k=0
2n

2n

Tr theo v (1) v (2) ta c: (1 + x) (1 x)

2n

1
= 2 C2n
x+

22n 1
2n+1 .
2n
P

k
C2n
(1)k xk (2).
k=0


2n1
3 3
C2n
x + ... + C2n
21

h
i
2n
2n
(1 + x) (1 x)
=

2n1 2n1
1
3 3
C2n
x + C2n
x + ... + C2n
x
.
Ly tch phn t 0 n 1 c hai v ta c:

1
2

Z1 h
Z1
i


2n
2n
2n1 2n1
1
3 3
C2n
x + C2n
x + ... + C2n
x
dx
(1 + x) (1 x) dx =
0

"

2n+1

2n+1

#1



2n 1
2
4

2n1 x
1 x
3 x

+ C2n
+ ... + C2n
 = C2n

2
4
2n 0

1 (1 + x)
+ (1 x)
2
2n + 1
0


1 22n+1 2
1 3
1 2n1
1 1

C
= C2n + C2n + ... +
2
2n + 1
2
4
2n 2n
22n 1
1 1
1 3
1 2n1

= C2n
+ C2n
+ ... +
C
(pcm)
2n + 1
2
4
2n 2n

11.36. (B-03) Cho n l s nguyn dng. Tnh tng Cn0 +

n

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x) =

n
P

2n+1 1 n
22 1 1 23 1 2
Cn +
Cn + ... +
Cn .
2
3
n+1

Cnk xk . Ly tch phn t 1 n 2 c hai v ta c:

k=0

Z2

(1 + x) dx =
1

Z2 X
n


n+1 2

(1 + x)
Cnk xk dx
n+1

1 k=0

2
n
n
k+1 
X
x
3n+1 1 X k 2k+1 1


Cnk
=
Cn
(pcm)
 =


k + 1
n+1
k+1
k=0

k=0

11.37. Chng minh rng 2.1.Cn2 + 3.2.Cn3 + 4.3.Cn4 + ... + n (n 1) Cnn = n (n 1) 2n2 .
n

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x) =

n
P

Cnk xk .

k=0
n2

Ly o hm cp hai hai v ta c: n(n 1)(1 + x)

n
P

Chn x = 1 ta c: n(n 1)2n2 =

n
P

Cnk k(k 1)xk2 .

k=0

Cnk k(k 1) (pcm).

k=2

11.38. Tnh tng

0
2
4
2008
a) S = C2009
+ C2009
+ C2009
+ ... + C2009
.
0
1
2
c) S = 2Cn + 5Cn + 8Cn + ... + (3n + 2) Cnn .

0
2
4
2008
b) S = C2009
+ 32 C2009
+ 34 C2009
+ ... + 32008 C2009
.

2

2

2


0
1
2
2010 2
d) C2010 + C2010 + C2010 + ... + C2010 .

Li gii.
2009

a) Xt khai trin (1 + x)

2009
P

k
C2009
xk .

k=0

Ln lt chn x = 1 v x = 1 ta c: 22009 =

2009
P

k
C2009
(1) v 0 =

k=0

2009
P
k=0

k
C2009
(1)k (2).

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Lp 11K2

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

0
2
2008
0
2
2008
C2009
+ C2009
+ ... + C2009
= 22008
Cng theo v (1) v (2) ta c: 22009 = 2 C2009
+ C2009
+ ... + C2009
2008
S=2
.
2009
P k
2009
b) Xt khai trin (1 + x)
=
C2009 xk .
k=0

Ln lt chn x = 3 v x = 3 ta c: 42009 =

2009
P

k
C2009
3k (1) v (2)2009 =

k=0
0
2
Cng theo v (1) v (2) ta c: 42009 22009 = 2 C2009
+ 32 C2009
+ ... +
42009 22009
42009 22009
2008
3
C2009 =

S
=
.
2
2
n
n


P
P
2
3 n
Cnk x3k+2 .
Cnk x3k =
c) Xt khai trin x 1 + x
= x2

2009
P

k
C2009
(1)k 3k
k=0


2008
0
32008 C2009
C2009

(2).
2
+ 32 C2009
+ ... +

2008

k=0

k=0


3 n

+ 3nx 1 + x3

Ly o hm hai v ta c: 2x 1 + x

Chn x = 1 ta c: 2.2n + 3n.2n1 =

n1

n
P

Cnk (3k + 2)x3k+1 .

k=0

n
P

Cnk (3k + 2) S = 2n+1 + 3n.2n1 .

k=0
4020

d) Xt khai trin (1 + x)

4020
P

k
2010
C4020
xk c h s ca x2010 l C4020
(1).

k=0
2010

Li c: (1 + x)4020 = (1 + x)

(1 + x)

2010

2010
P

k
C2010
xk

2010
P

i
C2010
xi =

i=0

k=0

2010
P 2010
P

k
i
C2010
C2010
xk+i .

k=0 i=0

S hng cha x2010 tng ng s hng cha k v i tha k + i = 2010.

2010
2010

2
P
P k
P
2010k
k
i
k
Do h s ca s hng cha x2010 l
C2010
C2010
=
C2010 C2010
=
C2010
(2).
k+i=2010

T (1) v (2) ta c

2010
P

2
k
C2010

k=0

k=0

2010
C4020
.

k=0
1
2
2011 0
11.39. Tnh tng S = 12 C2011
22010 + 22 C2011
22009 + ... + 20112 C2011
2 .
n

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + x) =

n
P

Cnk xk .

k=0

Ly o hm v o hm cp hai hai v ta c:
2011(2 + x)2010 =

2011
X

k
C2011
22011k kxk1

k=1

2011.2010(2 + x)2009 =

2011
X

k
C2011
22011k k(k 1)xk2

k=1

Chn x = 1 ta c:
2011.32010 =

2011
X

k
C2011
22011k k (1)

k=1

2011.2010.32009 =

2011
X

k
C2011
22011k k(k 1) (2)

k=1

Cng theo v (1) v (2) ta c: 2011.32010 +2011.2010.32009 =

 2011
P 2 k
k
C2011
22011k (k + k(k 1)) =
k C2011 22011k .

2011
P 
k=1

k=1

Vy S = 2011.32010 + 2011.2010.32009 = 2011.2013.32009 .

50
11.40. Trong khai trin nh thc (a + b) , tm s hng c gi tr tuyt i ln nht, cho bit |a| = |b| 3.
50

k 50k k
Li gii. S hng tng qut ca khai trin (a + b) l: Tk+1 = C50
a
b .

50k k

50k 50
50k
k
k
k
k
Khi : |Tk+1 | = C50 |a|
|b| = C50 |b| 3
|b| = C50 3
|b| .

49k 50
k+1
C
3
|b|
|Tk+2 |
50 k
Ta c:
= 50
50k
=
.
50
|Tk+1 |
k
3 (k + 1)
C50
3
|b|

|Tk+2 |
50 k
50 3
Suy ra:
>1
> 1 50 k > 3 (k + 1) k <
< 18.
|Tk+1 |
3 (k + 1)
3+1
Do T1 < T2 < ... < T18 > T19 > ... > T51 .
17 16 50
Vy s hng c tr tuyt i ln nht l T18 = C50
3 b .
n

11.41. (A-08) Cho khai trin (1 + 2x) = a0 + a1 x + ... + an xn , (n N ) v cc h s a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an tho mn h

thc a0 + a21 + a42 + ... + a2nn = 4096. Tm s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an .
8

GV: Le Ngoc Sn

Chuyen e luyen thi H - Co ap an chi tiet

p 11K2
Chuyn 11. T Hp L
- Xc
Sut

Li gii. Xt khai trin (1 + 2x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ... + an xn .

Chn x = 21 ta c: 2n = a0 + a21 + a222 + ... + a2nn = 4096 n = 12.
12
P
2k+1 C k+1
k k k
= 2k C k12 = 2(12k)
=
Khi : (1 + 2x)12 =
C12
2 x aak+1
k+1
k
k=0
242k
k+1

12

242k
k+1 .

>1
> 1 24 2k > k + 1 k < 23
Do aak+1
3 < 8. Suy ra a0 < a1 < ... < a8 > a9 > ... > a12 .
k
8
8
Vy s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 , ..., a12 l a8 = 2 .C12 = 126720.