PHN NHM VIIIB

Fest

Cocobal

Niniken

RuRhuteni RhRhodi

PdPaladi

OsOsmi

PtPlatini

IrIridi

Mc tiu

Xc nh c v tr, c im cu trc
electron ca cc kl trong nhm, n lin
quan nh th no n nguyn t,phn t
Cc n cht, hp cht ca nhm VIIIB c
tnh cht c bn no, da vo c s l
thuyt gii thch nhng tnh cht
Mt s ng dng v vai tr sinh hc ca
n cht cng nh hp cht trong nhm

1. Cu trc in t v c im lin kt

1.

Cc nguyn t
Phn nhm VIIIB c

2.

3.

Cc vn o ha
tr ns2(n-1)d6-8
cha cc e ha tr
Cc vn o ha
tr (n-1)d cha e
ha tr ( trng
thi qu bn bo
ha)
Thuc cc nguyn
t d mun

1. Cu trc in t v c im lin kt

Fe, Co, Ni
B ba th 1 ca nhm VIIIB (3d)
Cu hnh e ha tr
Fe : 3d64s2
d mt e, v u l
Co : 3d74s2
kim loi hot ng
Ni : 3d84s2
S oxh thng gp: Fe,Co :+2,+3
Ni
: +2

2. Phn ng vi phi kim

6Fe + 4O2 2Fe2O3.FeO

4Fe + 3O2 + 2xH2O 2Fe2O3.xH2O

3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4

M + S MS

2Fe + 3X2 2FeX3

3. Phn ng vi acid

M + H2SO4 MSO4 + H2

Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O

3Ni + 8HNO3 3Ni(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4 H2O

Fe + 4HNO3 Fe (NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

4. Hp cht hydroxid

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3

2Co(OH)3 + 6HCl CoCl2 + Cl2 +6H2O

Fe (OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

Fe(CO)5, cht lng, mu vng, t0nc -20

3d8

4s

Lai ha trong dsp3 , nghch t

4p

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

Co(CO)4

3d9

4s

4p

Lai ha sp3 ,cu trc t din, thun t

[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- = [CoCl4]2- + 6H2O
hng
Xanh

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

[Fe(CN)6]3Fe3+
3d5

4s

4p0

CN- phi t trng mnh, d2sp3 , Cu trc bt

din, thun t

6. Trng thi thin nhin

St tn ti trong thin nhin di dng qung
- hematit Fe2O3
cha 60% Fe
- manhetit (Fe3O4)
cha 72% Fe
- xiderit (FeCO3) v limonit FeO(OH)
- pirit (FeS2)
cha 35% Fe.
Coban v niken c trong cc qung CoS2,
CoAsS, NiAs, (Fe,Ni)9

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st
St, coban, niken to nn nhiu hp kim quan
trng c ng dng to ln trong k thut. ty
thuc vo lng carbon trong st ngi ta
chia ra
- st mm (<0,2% C)
- thp
(0,2-1,7% C)
- gang
(1,7-5%C)

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st
St l nguyn t c bit cn thit i vi s
sng. Trong tt c cc t bo ng vt u c
cha st di dng lin kt vi cc hp cht
hu c cng nh dng ion.
Hemoglobin trong mu gm globin v protein
c khi lng phn t ln lin kt vi hem
cha Fe2+ dng phc vi porphyrin.
Hemoglobin gi vai tr vn chuyn oxy t
phi n cc m.

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st
Ion st cn c mt trong mt s enzym oxy ha kh.
Cc cytochrom v cc enzym ca chui h hp
ng vt c cha ion st dng kh (Fe2+) v dng oxy
ha (Fe3+). S thay i oxy ha ca ion st l c s
ca chc nng xc tc ca cc cht trn trong qu
trnh oxy ha thc n trong c th.
Ferocen hay bicyclopentadienyl st (Fe(C5H5)2) c
dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp v c v hu
c, dng lm thuc cha bnh thiu mu.
Vitamin B12 l phc cht ca coban.