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CC NGUN IN PHN TN

Bin son: PGS. TS. Nguyn Ln Trng


M U
M.1 Mc ch mn hc
Mn hc nhm trang b cho hc vin nhng kin thc c
bn nht v cc ngun in phn tn bao gm cu to v
nguyn l lm vic ca cc loi ngun phn tn ph bin
hin nay; nh gi hiu qu ca cc ngun phn tn v cch
kt ni cc ngun in phn tn vo h thng in.
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Hnh 1.1. Li in phn phi hnh tia khng phn on


TBP
TBP

TBP

Hnh 1.2. Li in phn phi hnh tia c phn on

TBP

TBP

Hnh 1.3. Li in phn phi kn vn hnh h

im
m

1.Ph ti cng nghip;


2.Ph ti dn dng;
3.Cc nh my in
ln truyn thng (CG);
4.Pht in kt hp
TBK cng sut nh;
5.Pht in mini;
6. Tuabin gi;
7.in mt tri;
8.Pin nhin liu;
9.Pht in bng ng
c piston;
10.Thit b tch tr N
11.Pht in biogas

Hnh 1.4. S li cung cp in trong


tng lai c s tham gia ca cc DG
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Hnh 1.5. im kt ni (CP) v im kt ni chung (PCC)


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My nn ng nhin
liu kh
Khng kh vo

Vi phun
Nhin liu

Van
ng
x kh
x kh

Khuch tn

u ra
Ca x
tuabin

Cnh my nn
Phn quay
Phn tnh

Ming vi Cnh quay


tuabin
Bung t

Hnh 3.2 Mt ct mt tuabin kh


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T hp tuabin kh-my pht in


Bung t

Tuabin kh

Bm NL

My pht in

ng c K
My nn kh
Khng kh

Kh thi

Bung t
Bm NL

Tuabin kh

ng c K
My nn kh
Khng kh

My pht in

L thu nhit
Bm nc
Kh thi

Thp lm mt
Bnh ngng

My pht in
Tuabin

CHNG 4

PIN QUANG IN
4.1 Khi nim chung
4.1.1 Mt tri, cu to ca mt tri
1. Li
2. Vng bc x
3. Vng i lu
4. Quang quyn
5. Sc quyn
6. Qung
7. Vt en Mt Tri
8. m
9. Ch li ln
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Khong khng v tr

Kh
quyn

4.2
11

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Hnh 4.10 Mch hin th pin mt tri v in tr ti.


Hnh trn biu th lc ca mt thit b pin
mt tri v dng ti ca n.
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1 Cu to
Cu to ca pin mt tri gm mt lp tip xc
bn dn p-n c kh nng bin i trc tip nng
lng bc x mt tri thnh in nng nh hiu ng
quang in bn trong.

Hnh 4.11 Cc cu trc ca vt liu ch to pin mt tri


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Hnh 4.13 Cu to ca pin mt tri

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Lp knh bo v
gip b m t tm
pin trnh c cc
tc n g trc tip
c hi t mi
trng. (bi bn,
ma...)
Lp keo chng
nc thm qua cc
khe ni xm nh p
vo trong tm pin.
Hnh 4.14 Nguyn l ca pin mt tri

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Hnh 4.17 S hot ng ca pin mt tri


Khi chiu sng vo vt rn, in t vng ho tr hp
th nng lng photon h v chuyn ln vng dn to ra cp
ht dn in t l trng e- - h+, tc l to ra mt in th.
Hin tng gi l hin tng quang in bn trong. 17

Hnh 4.18 Nguyn l lm vic ca pin mt tri

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Pin nhin liu hot ng lin tc khi


nhin liu (hyro) v cht xi ha (xy) c
a t ngoi vo.

Hnh 5.1 S cu to ca pin nhin liu

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5.1.2 Nguyn l lm
vic
V phng din
ha hc, pin nhin liu l
phn ng ngc li ca s
in phn. Trong qu trnh
in phn nc b tch ra
thnh kh hyro v kh xy
nh vo nng lng in.
Pin nhin liu ly chnh hai
cht ny bin i chng
thnh nc.
Qua , trn l
chnh phn nng lng in a vo s c gii
thuyt,
phng, nhng tht ra v nhng tht thot qua cc qu
trnh nn nng lng thu c s t hn.
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Hnh 5.4 Nhng thnh phn c bn ca mt


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pin nhin liu ngn xp

Hnh 5.5. S c trng ca mt h thng


pin nhin liu
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5.2.1 Pin nhin liu kim (AFC)

Biu gii thch mt pin nhin liu


kim.
Pin nhin liu kim l loi
pin nhin liu lu i nht nu khng
k n m hnh thc nghim ca
Grove. Pin nhin liu kim v vn

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Pin nhin liu mng trao i proton

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5.4
Cc thng s vn hnh ca pin
nhin liu

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27

Ngun in thu triu

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o gi
Hp s
trc
chnh

My pht
in

Hp iu khin
ng c xoay

Hnh 6.4 Mt ct dc t hp tuabin my pht in gi 29

Hnh 6.5 Hiu sut ca rotor i vi t s v 0/v


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Trong nm 2012, ngnh cng nghip gi


d kin s ln u tin cung cp 1 triu vic lm
nh c biu din trong hnh sau:

Hnh 6.6 S lng nhn cng trong ngnh in gi trn Th gii


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Sau y l s pht trin ca cng sut in


gi t nm 2001 n nm 2010.a

Hnh 6.7 Tng cng sut in gi trn Th gii (MW)


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Hnh 6.8 Gi trung bnh ca in gi t 1982-2020

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6.2.2 .2 Tuabin in gi
6.2.2.2.1. Cu to chung ca tuabin in gi

Hnh 6.10 Cu to ca tuabin gi

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Hnh 6.12 Tuabin gi rto lng sc

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Hnh 6.13 Tuabin gi rto dy qun khng ng b


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Hnh 6.14 Tuabin gi rto dy qun ng b

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Hnh 6.15 Tuabin gi rto lng sc dy qun ng b


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Hnh 6.16: Cc b t chuyn i cng sut cho tuabin gi:


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(a) bin i ngun dng v (b) bin i ngun p.

B chuyn i tn s thng dng l loi


back-to-back c cu to nh hnh sau:

Hnh 6.17 B chuyn i tn s loi back-to-back


in p xoay chiu u cc my pht c
chnh lu thnh mt chiu n bin tn. Ti y
in p mt chiu c chuyn i thnh in xoay
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6.2.2.2.3.8. Ha in gi vo li in

Hnh 6.18 Kt ni in gi vo li in

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Sau y l cc s kt ni vi li ch
yu ca cc tuabin gi hin i vi cng sut
nh mc khong 2 MW, rt ph bin trong
ngnh cng nghip in gi.

Hnh 6.19: My pht in khng ng b vi h thng phn hi gp42i

Hnh 3.7: My pht in ng b


a cc.

Hnh 6.20: My pht in ng b a cc.


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Hnh 6.21: Khng gian ti u trong cnh ng in gi vi a hnh bng phng


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Hnh 6.22: n ca cc ni in hnh

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Hnh 6.23-S m hnh cung cp in bng kh Biogass


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Bn a nhit
Vit Nam

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Hnh 8.3 in p nt tng ln ti nt c u ni DG


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Hnh 8.4. nh hng ca DG ti s phi hp gia cc bo v


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Hnh 8.5 S phi hp gia TL v CC trn li in


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hnh tia

Hnh 8.6 - Ch vn hnh c lp ca DG lm


tng tin cy CC
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MC
HT
TL.1

TL.2
DG

Hnh 8.7 - Cch thc t TL c th lm tng


tin cy ca li in bng cch gim s
lng khch hng b mt in khi c s c trn
li

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Biu 8.1: Cc ch s chi ph khc nhau

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Nhng cng thc c s ging nh nhau,


nhng con s kt qu c cht khc nhau do tnh ton
li sut khc nhau; im ny s c gii thch y
hn sau khi chng ta i qua gii hn tip din
bng cch cho bc thi gian tin n khng.
Biu 8.2: H s gi
tr hin ti (P/F,r,N) l
hm vi li sut r v s
nm N
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V d
H s chit khu bao nhiu l thch hp
cho phn tch tit kim nng lng t mt nh
my ng pht h thng DG mi c xut
cho 1 trng i hc? Bit rng t nm 1970 n
nm 1988, tin quyn gp ca trng tng
ln 8 ln ($ hin hnh) nh li nhun t u t.
Cho:
H s tng trng ca la hin hnh = 8
v gia tng ca CPI = 118,3/38,9 =3,04 (nhn
biu 8.1) vi n = 18 nm
Tm:
H s chit khu thc rd0

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Gii:

C 2 cch tm ra rd0.
+ Cch th nht l t h s tng trng thc,
8,0/3,04, bng vi (1+rd0)n
8,0
(1 rd 0 )
2,63158
3,04
18

Gii ra ta c rd0 = 5,52%.


+ Cch th hai l tnh h s th trng rd bng
cch t mc tng trng
th
trng
theo
ng

n
(1+rd) .
la hin hnh bng vi (1+r )n. v tnh lm pht
inf
bng cch cho CPI bng vi
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Tc l: (1 rd )

18

8,0 suy ra rd = 12,246%,

18
(1+r
)
cn CPI=
inf
= 3,04 suy ra rinf = 0,06371

Nh vy:
rd = 12,246% and rinf = 6,371%.
Sau thay vo cng thc 8.31 cho rdovi
kt qu l:
rd rinf 0,12246 0,06371
rd 0

5,52%
1 rinf
1 0,06371

ging nh trn.
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Biu 8.3. H s hon vn (A/P,r,N) l hm s ca t sut r v s nm N.


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Biu 8.4:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v

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Biu 8.5:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v


rd,e N = 10 nm
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Biu 8.6:H s trung bnh vi hm ca rd v


rd,e N = 20 nm

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Hnh 9.1 So snh CHP vi nh my nhit in

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Hnh 9.3 Chu trnh lm lnh hp th tun hon


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70

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Hnh 10.5: nh hng ca sng hi bc 3 n


dng sng in p trn li in

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Hnh 10.6: S mt cn bng pha dng in trn li


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PV

in gi

Thu in

T my

Chuyn i AC/DC
iu khin b np
Ti DC
Thanh gp DC
La chn

Acquy

Bin tn

Ti AC

Hnh 10.7 Kt ni cc ngun in phn tn dng li in75DC

PV

in gi

Thu in

T my

Chuyn i AC/AC
Ti AC

Bin tn

Thanh gp AC
La chn

B chnh lu v
np acquy

Ti DC

Acquy

La chn

Hnh 10.8 Kt ni cc ngun in phn tn dng li in AC


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PV

in gi

Thu in

T my

Chuyn i AC/AC
Chnh lu v np acquy
Ti AC

iu
Binkhin
tn b np
Thanh gp AC
B chnh lu v
np acquy

Ti DC

Thanh gp DC
La chn

Acquy

Hnh 10.9 Kt ni cc DG dng li in hn hp

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Hnh 13.1 So snh gi kh t nhin

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