fVN 3: T CC

1. Khc bit c bn gia t cc v cm c, t cc v th chp?

_t cc v cm c:
Tiu chi

t cc

Cm c

C s php l

iu 358 BLDS 2005.

Ti sn

Tin, kim khi qui, qu hoc Khng gii han v loai ti

vt c gi tr khc.
sn dung bo m.
Ngoi ra, ti sn th chp
cng c th l ti sn hnh
thnh trong tng lai.
t cc c s dng bo Cm c ch c s dng
m giao kt hoc thc hin hp bo m thc hin
ng dn s (iu 358 BLDS). ngha v dn s (iu 326
BLDS).
t cc l bin php bo m Cm c ch mang tinh bo
mang tinh hai chiu (bt c bn m mt chiu (bn cm c
no vi pham u b phat cc).
bo m trc bn nhn
cm c).

Mc ich

Tinh cht bo m

iu 326 n iu 341
BLDS 2005.

X l ti sn khi bn Vi c x l ti sn t cc khng Ti sn cm c c bn
bo m khng thc cn phi qua bn u gi
u gi theo quy nh ca
hin ng ngha v
php lut thc hin
ngha v dn s (iu 336
BLDS).

_ t cc v th chp

Tiu chi

t cc

C s php l

iu 358 BLDS 2005.

Ngi gi ti sn

Bn nhn t cc.

Th chp
iu 342 n iu 357
BLDS 2005.

Ti sn th chp khng
chuyn giao cho bn nhn
th chp, bn th chp c
quyn gi ti sn th chp
tr trng hp hai bn
tha thun giao ti sn th
chp cho ngi th ba gi
Ti sn
Tin, kim khi qui, qu hoc vt Khng gii han v loai ti
c gi tr khc.
sn dung bo m.
Ngoi ra, ti sn th chp
cng c th l ti sn hnh
thnh trong tng lai.
H qu cua vi c Khi u iu kin phat bn t cc
Ti sn th chp khng
khng thc hin
,nu khng c tha thun khc, ti
ng nhin thuc s hu
ng ngha v
sn t cc thuc s hu cua bn
cua bn nhn th chp nu
nhn cc m khng cn bt k thu
cc bn khng c tha
tc no
thun.
X l ti sn khi Nu bn t cc khng thc hi n
Nu ti sn dung th
bn bo m
ng ngha v dn s th ti sn t chp c gi tri ln hn
khng thc hin
cc thu c v bn nh n t cc.
ngha v c bo m th
ng ngha v
Nu bn nh n c cc khng thc
tin tha s c tr lai
hi n ng ngha v dn s th phi
cho bn c ti sn.
tr ti sn t cc v m t khon
tin c gi tr tng ng gi tr ti
sn t cc (trng trng hp c
tha thu n khc)
Tinh cht bo t cc l bin php bo m mang Th chp ch mang tinh
m
tinh hai chiu (bt c bn no vi bo m mt chiu (bn
pham u b phat cc).
th chp bo m trc
bn nhn cm c).

Kim tra nh k BLDS khng c quy nh c th

ti sn trong qu
trnh bo m

Bn nh n th chp c
quyn yu cu kim tra
nh k ti sn trnh rui
ro.

2. Theo BLDS, khi no bn t cc mt cc, bn nhn cc b pht cc?

Khon 2 iu 358 BLDS 2005 quy nh: Trong trng hp hp ng dn s
c giao kt, thc hin th ti sn t cc c tr li cho bn t cc hoc c tr
thc hin ngha v tr tin; nu bn t cc t chi vic giao kt, thc hin hp
ng dn s th ti sn t cc thuc v bn nhn t cc; nu bn nhn t cc t
chi vic giao kt, thc hin hp ng dn s th phi tr cho bn t cc ti sn t
cc v mt khon tin tng ng gi tr ti sn t cc, tr trng hp c tha
thun khc.
Cn c theo quy nh cua php lu t chng ta c th thy bn t cc s b mt cc
khi t chi giao kt , thc hi n hp ng dn s. Ti sn m bn t cc a a cho
bn nh n cc trc s thu c v s hu cua bn nh n cc theo iu 33 Ngh nh
163 nm 2006 bn nhn t cc c quyn s hu ti sn t cc, nu bn t cc t
chi giao kt, thc hin hp ng. Khc vi vi c mt cc cua bn t cc, phat
cc c hiu l bn nh n t cc vi pham cam kt, khng thc hi n hp ng a
xc l p th ngoi vi c phi tr lai ti sn t cc cho bn t cc con b phat m t
khon tin tng ng vi gi tr ti sn t cc. Cc bn c th tha thu n phat cc
gp 2 n nhiu ln gi tr ti sn t cc. V y bn nh n cc theo quy nh cua
BLDS s b phat cc khi cng t chi vic giao kt, thc hin hp ng dn s.
3. Theo Quyt nh c bnh lun, khi no bn nhn cc (b Hnh) b pht cc?
Theo Quyt nh c bnh lun, bn nhn cc (b Hanh) b phat cc khi c cn
c xc nh do b Hanh chm tr hon tt cc thu tc c sang tn quyn s hu
th li hon ton thuc v b Hanh, v b Hanh mi phi chu phat tin cc. Nh v y
nu vi c khng th sang tn ng thi han a tha thu n xut pht t li c nhn cua
b Hanh a ch m tr hon tt cc thu tc sang tn quyn s hu th b Hanh s b phat
cc theo quy nh cua php lu t.
4. Theo Quyt nh c bnh lun, khi no bn nhn cc (b Hnh) khng b
pht cc?

Theo Quyt nh c bnh lun, bn nhn cc (b Hanh) khng b phat cc khi c

cn c xc nh c quan thi hnh n dn s chm tr trong vic chuyn tn quyn s
hu cho b Hanh th li dn ti vic b Hanh khng th thc hin ng cam kt vi
ng Lc thuc v khch quan, v b Hanh khng phi chu phat tin cc.
5. H qu ca vic bn nhn cc khng b pht cc?
t cc l m t trong nhng bi n php nhm m bo cho vi c thc hi n ngha v
dn s. Tuy nhin vi c t cc y l m bo cho c giao kt v thc hi n
ngha v dn s m vi c giao kt v thc hi n ny mun hon thnh th phi xut
pht t ng thi c hai bn ngha l bn t cc v bn nh n cc cng u phi ng
thi giao kt v thc hi n ngha v dn s. Xut pht t iu chng ta c th thy
th t khng cng bng khi ch c bn t cc khng thc hi n ngha v dn s th b
mt cc con bn nh n cc khi khng thc hi n ngha v dn s th lai khng c bi n
php ch ti no x l. iu ny con c th dn n trng hp l bn nh n cc
sau khi nh n cc m t thi gian di lai thay i quyt nh khng thc hi n ngha v
vi bn t cc, trong khong thi gian bn nh n cc lai c quyn chim gi vi
ti sn t cc, c th khai thc ti a kh nng kinh t cua ti sn con bn t cc
m c nhin khng c quyn g vi ti sn ang c em i t cc. iu ny gy nn
m t tn tht ng k v m t kinh t cho bn t cc. Nhiu c nhn, t chc c th
li dng vi c ny m thc hi n hnh vi ny thng xuyn trc li. V v y , xet
thy quy nh phat cc cho bn nh n cc khi khng thc hi n ngha v dn s cho
bn t cc l hon ton hp l v phu hp vi thc t. Tuy nhin, chng ta cng cn
phi xet n trng hp ngoai l l vi c khng thc hi n c ngha v dn s xut
pht t cc trng hp khch quan, bt kh khng m khng phi do li cua bt c
bn no. Xut pht t iu ny, cc nh lm lu t a c quy nh tai Ngh quyt s
01/2003/NQ-HTP: Trong trng hp c s kin bt kh khng hoc c tr ngi
khch quan th khng pht cc nhm m bo cng bng v li ich cao nht cho cc
bn.
6. Suy ngh ca anh/ch v hng gii quyt ca Ta gim c thm v x l ti
sn t cc?
Theo quan im cua nhm, hng gii quyt cua Toa gim c thm trong Quyt
nh c bnh lun i vi ti sn t cc l hon ton hp l.
Toa a a ra 2 trng hp ro rng gii quyt v vi c cua b Hanh v ng L c:

+Trng hp 1 l vi c ch m tr sang tn so vi thi han b gy ra bi li

chu quan xut pht t b Hanh l a ch m tr hon tt cc thu tc c sang tn
quyn s hu. Khi y, li hon ton thu c v b Hanh. B Hanh phi chu phat cc
theo quy nh tai iu 358 BLDS
+Trng hp 2 l vi c ch m tr sang tn so vi thi han b gy ra bi li
cua c quan thi hnh n dn s a ch m
tr trong vi c chuyn tn quyn s hu cho
b Hanh. Lc ny, li dn ti vi c b Hanh khng th thc hi n ng cm kt vi ng
L c thu c v khch quan. S vi c s c x l theoquy nh tai Ngh quyt s
01/2003/NQ-HTP: Trong trng hp c s kin bt kh khng hoc c tr ngi
khch quan th khng pht cc
Vi c phi chia ra 2 trng hp th ny nhm m bo c th x l v vi c theo
hng khch quan v cng bng nht, trnh trng hp li cua c th ny m c th
khc phi chu trch nhi m.
Trng hp ny a c n l. C th l Quyt nh s 248/2011/DS-GT ngy
29/3/2011 cua Toa dn s Toa n nhn dn ti cao. Toa n a phng nn coi hng
gii quyt trong n l ni trn lm theo.