B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN TH THU AN

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT
V THNH PHN HA HC
CA L SA K
KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

H NI - 2014

B Y T
TRNG I HC DC H NI

NGUYN TH THU AN

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT
V THNH PHN HA HC
CA L SA K
KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S
Ngi hng dn:
1. PGS.TS. Nguyn Thi An
2. Ths. Hong Thi Ha
Ni thc hin:
B mn Dc liu - i hc Dc H Ni

H NI - 2014

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh thc hin v hon thnh kha lun ny, ti nhn
c rt nhiu s quan tm, ng vin v gip tn tnh t cc thy c, gia
nh v bn b. Nhn dp ny, ti xin by t s knh trng v lng bit n su
sc n:
PGS.TS. Nguyn Thi An
ngi thy trc tip hng dn, ch bo tn tnh v to mi iu kin thun
li ti c th hon thnh kha lun.
ng thi ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n: Ths. Hong Thi
Ha cho ti nhng ng gp qu bu v ti.
Ti xin gi li cm n n cc thy c, cc anh ch k thut vin B
mn Dc liu - Trng i hc Dc H Ni, Vin Sinh thi & Ti nguyn
sinh vt Vin Hn lm khoa hc & Cng ngh Vit Nam h tr ti trong
qu trnh nghin cu.
Xin trn trng cm n Ban Gim hiu, Phng o to, cng ton th
cc thy c gio, cc cn b Trng i hc Dc H Ni to iu kin
ti c th lnh hi nhng kin thc qu gi v ngnh Dc trong sut 5 nm
hc.
Cui cng, ti xin gi li cm n su sc n gia nh, bn b lun
st cnh, ng vin ti hon thnh kha lun ny.

H Ni, ngy 14 thng 05 nm 2014

Sinh vin

Nguyn Th Thu An

MC LC

DANH MC CH VIT TT
DANH MC BNG
DANH MC HNH
T VN ..1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN3
1.1. V TR PHN LOI, C IM THC VT, PHN B...3
1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst3
1.1.2. c im thc vt ca h Du tm (Moraceae).3
1.1.3. c im thc vt ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst...4
1.1.4. c im thc vt ca mt s loi thuc chi Artocarpus J. R.
Forst. & G. Forst...4
1.1.5. c im thc vt ca loi Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
Sa k.......6
1.1.6. Phn b ca Sa k...6
1.1.7. B phn dng ca Sa k..7
1.2. THNH PHN HA HC CA SA K.....7
1.2.1. Qu..7
1.2.2. L8
1.2.3. R9
1.2.4. Thn..10
1.3. TC DNG DC L CA SA K....11
1.3.1. Tc dng chng oxy ha...11
1.3.2. Tc dng chng ung th11
1.3.3. Tc dng chng vim12
1.3.4. Tc dng chng x va ng mch..13

1.3.5. Tc dng h ng huyt.13

1.3.6. Tc dng khng khun.14
1.3.7. Tc dng c ch men chuyn angiotensin (ACE)14
1.4. TNH V, CNG NNG CA SA K...14
1.5. CNG DNG CA SA K15
CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU, THIT B, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP
NGHIN CU16
2.1. NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B NGHIN CU.16
2.1.1. Nguyn vt liu nghin cu..16
2.1.2. Thit b nghin cu...16
2.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU16
2.2.1. Nghin cu v thc vt.17
2.2.2. Nghin cu v ha hc..17
2.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU17
2.3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt..17
2.3.2. Nghin cu v ha hc..17
CHNG 3: THC NGHIM V KT QU.19
3.1. NGHIN CU V THC VT.19
3.1.1. M t hnh thi cy19
3.1.2. Gim nh tn khoa hc.19
3.1.3. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi...21
3.1.4. c im vi phu l...22
3.1.5. c im vi phu thn...22
3.1.6. c im bt l..24
3.1.7. c im bt thn..24
3.2. NGHIN CU V HA HC24
3.2.1. Chit xut..24

3.2.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng

phn ng ha hc27
3.2.3. nh tnh cn ton phn bng sc k lp mng34
3.2.4. nh tnh cn cc phn on.....37
BN LUN47
KT LUN.50
XUT51
TI LIU THAM KHO
PH LC

DANH MC CH VIT TT

Ch vit tt

Ch vit y

ACE

Men chuyn angiotensin

AST

nh sng thng

Chloroform

dd

Dung dch

dm

Dung mi

Ethylacetat

fMLP

formyl-Met-Leu-Phe

n-hexan

MeOH

methanol

P/

Phn ng

Rf

H s di chuyn

SKLM

Sc k lp mng

TP

Ton phn

TT

Thuc th

UV254nm

nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm

UV365nm

nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm

DANH MC BNG

Bng

Tn bng

Bng 3.1 Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im

hnh thi

Trang
21

Bng 3.2 Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht trong l Sa k

33

Bng 3.3 Kt qu nh tnh cn ton phn bng SKLM

35

Bng 3.4 Kt qu nh cn H, C, E bng phn ng ha hc

37

Bng 3.5 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan bng SKLM

39

Bng 3.6 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on chloroform bng

SKLM
Bng 3.7 Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat bng
SKLM

41

44

DANH MC HNH

Hnh

Tn hnh

Trang

Hnh 3.1

nh cy Sa k

20

Hnh 3.2

nh u ngn cnh Sa k

20

Hnh 1.3

nh tn l Sa k

20

Hnh 1.4

nh l Sa k

20

Hnh 1.5

nh hoa c Sa k

20

Hnh 1.6

nh qu Sa k

20

Hnh 1.7

nh l Sa k

21

Hnh 3.8

nh l Mt ni

21

Hnh 3.9

nh qu Sa k

21

Hnh 3.10 nh qu Mt ni

21

Hnh 3.11 nh vi phu l cy Sa k

23

Hnh 3.12 nh vi phu thn cy Sa k

23

Hnh 3.13 nh mt s c im bt l cy Sa k

25

Hnh 3.14 nh mt s c im bt thn cy Sa k

25

Hnh 3.15

S chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on t

l Sa k

26

Hnh 3.16 Sc k ca cn ton phn khai trin vi h dm s III

34

Hnh 3.17 Sc k ca cn H khai trin vi h dm s III

38

Hnh 3.18 Sc k ca cn C khai trin vi h dm s IV

41

Hnh 3.19 Sc k ca cn E khai trin vi h dm s IV

44

T VN
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca tng hp ha dc, cng tc nghin
cu, pht trin thuc v sn phm thin nhin mi c ngun gc cy c ang
l vn thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii.
Nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, vi iu kin t nhin a
dng, Vit Nam l mt trong nhng quc gia trn th gii c mc a dng
sinh hc cao vi hn 12.000 loi thc vt khc nhau. c bit trong c gn
3.900 loi thc vt bc cao cng nh bc thp c cc cng ng dn tc s
dng trong chm sc sc khe, phng v tr bnh [6]. Tuy nhin phn ln
ngun ti nguyn ny c s dng theo kinh nghim dn gian hoc theo Y
hc c truyn m cha c nghin cu y .
Cy Sa k l loi cy quen thuc min Nam Vit Nam, c ngun gc
t cc o pha nam Thi Bnh Dng, chu i Dng. Qu ca cy Sa k
c s dng ph bin lm thc phm vi nhiu cch ch bin khc nhau [8],
[9], [19].
Nuven Caledoni, r cy c dng tr hen v cc ri lon d dy
rut, mt s ri lon khi mang thai, au rng ming v tr bnh v da.
Papua Niu-Guinea, v cy c dng tr gh, nha cy c dng pha long
ung tr tiu chy v l [8], [9], [19].
nc ta, dn gian dng l cha ph thng, hoc dng ngoi cha
mn rp, inh nht, p xe [19]. L gi sc h huyt p, tr tiu chy, i
ng [15].
Hin nay, l Sa k ang c cng ng tm kim v s dng iu tr
nhiu bnh m cha c nghin cu k. V vy, chng ti tin hnh thc
hin ti Nghin cu c im thc vt v thnh phn ha hc ca l
Sa k vi nhng mc tiu sau:
1. Nghin cu c im thc vt ca cy Sa k.

2. Nghin cu v thnh phn ha hc ca l Sa k.

thc hin c mc tiu ra, ti c tin hnh vi cc ni
dung sau:
1. Gim nh tn khoa hc mu nghin cu.
2. Nghin cu c im thc vt ca cy Sa k: M t c im hnh thi
cy Sa k, phn bit cy Sa k v cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi; c im
vi phu l, thn cy Sa k; c im bt l, bt thn cy Sa k.
3. Nghin cu thnh phn ha hc ca cy Sa k: nh tnh cc nhm
cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng phn ng ha hc v bng sc k
lp mng i vi cn ton phn v cn cc phn on ca l Sa k.

Chng 1
TNG QUAN
1.1.

V TR PHN LOI, C IM THC VT, PHN B

1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.

Theo h thng phn loi ca Takhtajan, chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. &
G. Forst. nm trong tng Mt (Artocarpeae) [4], h Du tm (Moraceae), b
Gai (Urticales), lin b Gai (Urticanae), phn lp S (Dilleniidae), lp Ngc
lan (Magnoliopsida), ngnh Ngc lan (Magnoliophyta) [4], [10]. V tr ca chi
Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. trong h thng phn loi thc vt ca
Takhtajan c tm tt nh sau:
Ngnh Magnoliophyta
Lp Magnoliopsida
Phn lp Dilleniidae
Lin b Urticanae
B Urticales
H Moraceae
Tng Artocarpeae
Chi Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
1.1.2. c im thc vt ca h Du tm (Moraceae)
Cy g hay cy bi, t khi l cy c, dy leo. C khi c r ph. Cc b
phn c nha m trng [4], [6], [9], [18].
L n, mc so le. C l km bc ly chi, rng sm v li so dng
nhn trn thn hoc l hai l km rng sm li hai vt so trn thn [4], [6],
[11], [18].
Hoa thng nh, n tnh cng gc hay khc gc hp thnh cm hoa
chm, bng, tn, u hoc cc hoa ci ph ton b mt trong ca mt cm
hoa lm hnh qu gioi [4], [6], [7]. Hoa c c 4 l i, khng c cnh hoa, 4

nh ng i din vi l i. B nhy ca hoa ci c 4 l non, bu trn hoc

di 1 , ng 1 non. Qu kp [4], [6]. Ht thng c ni nh bt [7].
1.1.3. c im thc vt ca chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. [9]
Cy g cao 15-20m. L mc so le, nguyn hay chia thy.
Hoa cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa ci tp
hp trn mt hoa li. i ca hoa c gm 2 hay 4 phin. Mt nh c ch
nh gia, vi bao phn 2 m bi 2 k nt. Bao hoa ci dnh lin, c l
nh v c bu khng cung gc, ban u c 3 , sau ch cn 1 .
Qu tht, tc l bu chn, l mt qu b nhng tng th tt c cc
qu b ny c bao trong mt cht bt ca hoa, to thnh mt qu t.
1.1.4. c im thc vt ca mt s loi thuc chi Artocarpus J. R. Forst.
& G. Forst.
1.1.4.1. A.camansi Blanco [32]
Cy g ln, cao ti 10-20m, thn chnh cao ti 5m trc khi chia
nhnh, ng knh thn trn 1m. C m trng tt c cc phn ca cy.
L mc so le, di 40-60cm, rng 25-45cm. L chia thy nng vi 4-6
cp thy. Phin l mng, mu xanh sm, ph nhiu lng t. Gn l c nhiu
lng cng mu trng hoc . Hai l km mu xanh l mc ng li nh n,
chuyn sang mu vng trc khi rng.
Hoa n tnh cng gc, mc u cnh, vi cm hoa c xut hin
trc. Cm hoa c hnh ui sc c ng knh 3cm, di 25-35cm. Cm hoa
ci hnh cu. Qu kp, hnh trn hoc hnh trng, kch thc 13-20 x 7-12cm,
v mu xanh lc, gn chn c mu vng xanh, c gai nhn di khong 515mm. Tht qu xp, mu trng hi vng, c mi thm khi chn. Qu c rt
nhiu ht, c th ln ti 150 ht, chim khong 30-50% khi lng qu. Ht
gn trn hoc gn tr, di khong 2,5cm, c v mng mu nu vi gn en
[32].

1.1.4.2. A.rigidus Blume Mt ni, Da xp

Cy g ln cao 10-25cm, dng nh mt cy du, cnh non c lng cng
vng [8], [9], [14], sau nhn, mu xm [9].
L n nguyn, mc so le; hnh elip hoc hnh trng ngc, kch thc
6,5-26 x 3,5-15cm [9], [32]; gn l lng chim, li mt di [32]; c phin l
cng, gin, nhm mt trn do c nhiu lng cng [8], [9], [14], mt di c
lng t mm, cung l di 6-12mm, c lng rp vng [9]. L km 1cm [8],
[14], mu vng bng, hnh tam gic, sm rng [9].
Cm hoa c ngn nhnh, trn hay trn di c 1cm [8], [9], [14],
khng c cung chung, mang nhiu hoa ph lng t, bao hoa hnh ng chia 2
thy [9]. Cm hoa ci trn, ng knh 2,5cm [8], [9], [14], khng cung,
mc u cnh, bao hoa hnh ng, c lng cng, bu c vi hnh si, n su
trong bao hoa [9]. Qu to, ng knh 7cm [8], [14]; c gai sc nhn di 79mm [9], [32]; mi qu khi chn mu vng, mi thm, v chua ngt [9], [32];
ht to, kch thc 12 x 8mm [8], [14].
1.1.4.3. A.melinoxyla Gagn. - Mt g mt, Mt ni l nhn
Cy g cao 9-15m, cnh non c lng t vng, sau nhn [9], [14].
L hnh bu dc, gc l trn, u l thun t, di 20-30 cm, c lng t
gn, gn ph 10-12 cp, cung di 2cm, c lng t vng [9], [14]. L km di
5-6cm, c lng vng, nhn u, sm rng [9].
Cm hoa c hnh bu dc, di 2cm; bao hoa hnh lc lc, tiu nhy 1
[9], [14], l bc hnh khin [9]. Cm hoa ci hnh cu, bao hoa hnh ng chia
thy, bu c vi hnh si, n su trong bao hoa [9]. Qu trn, ng knh
7cm, c gai t, thp, ht c kch thc 15 x 10mm [9], [14].

1.1.5. c im thc vt ca loi Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Sa k
Tn khoa hc: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, h Du tm
(Moraceae) [19].
Tn ng ngha: Artocarpus communis J. R. Forster & G. Forster [19],
Artocarpus incisa L. f. [13].
Tn nc ngoi: Breadfruit (Anh); A Pain (Php) [19].
Tn Vit Nam khc: Xa k, Bnh m [19].
Sa k l cy g ln, c nha m trng, c thn to, cao n 12-15m [8],
[9], [13], [14], [19]. Cc nhnh v cc thn non hi khc khuu, c v mu
nu, ph nhiu lng trng [9]. Thn cy c ng knh khong 90cm [13].
L mc so le, c l km, rt rng, hnh tri xoan, thun, ph nhiu lng
rp [8], [9], [13], [14], [19]. L thng nguyn lc non, sau x lng chim
v x su thnh nhng on thun nhn, mu lc m mt trn, di t 80cm
n 1m v rng ti 50cm, cung l thng ngn [19]. L km mau rng di
12-13cm [8], [9], [14].
Cm hoa c c hnh chy v ch c mt nh [8], [9], [13]. Cng c khi
hoa c t hp nom nh ui con sc di ti 20cm [9], [13]. Cm hoa ci
hnh cu, c khi hnh ng. Qu kp rt to, gn nh trn hoc hi hnh trng,
c ng knh 12-20cm, v mu xanh lc nht hay vng nht, c gai, tht qu
rt nc v trng, cha nhiu bt [8], [15], [9], [13], [19]. Qu mc thnh chm
vi ba qu khng c ht nhng cng c qu c ht chm ngp trong tht qu
[13]. Ht c ng knh 1cm [8], [9], [14], mu vng nht [19].
1.1.6. Phn b ca Sa k
Sa k c ngun gc t cc o pha nam Thi Bnh Dng, chu i
Dng [8], [9], [13], [19]. Hin di thc vo cc o Giava, Sumatra

(Indonexia), Malayxia, cc vng ng Nam . Cy cng c trng mt

s nc nhit i chu Phi [13].
nc ta, Sa k c trng ph bin ti cc tnh pha nam, trong cc
vn, cng vin,[8], [9], [13].
1.1.7. B phn dng ca Sa k
Qu chn c dng nh thc phm [9] hay qu cha chn thi thnh
lt, sau phi hoc sy kh [13].
V thn, r, nha v l c s dng nhiu lm thuc [8], [9].
1.2.

THNH PHN HA HC CA SA K

1.2.1. Qu
Trong bt qu Sa k c 2-3 hoc 6% nc; 3,2% mui v c; 0,21,17% cht bo; 1,1-4,09% cht m; 64-85% tinh bt, ng, dextrin; 2-3%
tro [13]. Ngoi ra, trong 100g cha 18-32mg Ca; 52-88 mg P; 0,4-1,5mg
st; 26-40 n v quc t vitamin A; 0,10-0,14mg thiamin; 0,05-0,08mg
riboflavin; 0,7-1,5mg niacin v 17-35mg vitamin C [19].
Bng k thut HPLC, Golden KD v Williams OJ xc nh c cc
acid bo v acid amin c trong qu Sa k gm:
- Acid bo: acid caproic, acid capric, acid lauric, acid myristic, acid
linolenic, acid palmitic, acid oleic, acid linoleic, acid stearic, acid arachidic,
acid behenic v acid petroselinic.
- Acid amin: acid aspartic, acid glutamic, hydroxyprolin, serin, glycin,
histidin, arginin, threonin, alanin, prolin, tyrosin, valin, methionin, isoleucin,
leucin, phenylalanin, lysin, norleucin [28].
T cao n-hexan ca qu Sa k, Nguyn Trung Nhn v cng s phn
lp c 4 hp cht: 2-formyl-5-hydroxymetylfural, acid galic, 5-hydroxy7,4-dimetoxyflavon v epifriedelanol. Cu trc cc hp cht c xc nh

bi cc d liu ph 1H-NMR,

13

C-NMR v so snh vi ti liu tham kho

[17].
Mt s flavonoid cng c phn lp t dch chit methanol qu Sa k
gm: 8-geranyl-3,4,7-trihydroxy avon; arcommunol A; arcommunol B;
lespeol; santhoangelol; 3-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy chalcon; 8-geranyl4,5,7-trihydroxy avon [26].
T dch chit ethylacetat v methanol qu Sa k, Amarasinghe NR v
cng s cn phn lp c 12 hp cht gm: oxyresveratrol; artoindonsianin
F; (3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(E)-2,3,4,5-stilbentetrol; norartocarpanon; moracin
M; norartocarpetin; isoartocarpesin; 2,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-(3-methyl-2butenyl)avon; 3-acetoxyolean-12-en-11-on; cycloartenyl acetate; sitosterol;
sitosterol -D-glucopyranosid [21].
1.2.2. L
Bng phng php GC-MS, Phm Th Thanh Hu xc nh c
cu trc ca mt s hp cht c trong dch chit ethanol l Sa k, gm: 2methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, cyclo hexen-2-on, megastigmatrienon, 4,4,7trimethyl-5, 6,7,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-on [15].
Nm 2011, Nguyn Hu Duy Khang phn lp c 8 hp cht t
dch chit chloroform ca l Sa k. Bng cc d liu ph 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,
1D, 2D-NMR, DEPT & MS v HR-ESI-MS, cu trc ca cc hp cht trn
c xc nh l: 1-(2,4-dihidroxy phenyl)-3-[2-(2,7-dimethyl-3-methylen
oct-6-enyl)-3,4-dihydroxy phenyl] propan-1-on (DK-1); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy
phenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy benzo furan-4-yl) propan-1-on (DK-2); C25H28O6 (DK3); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl pent-3enyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-5-yl] propan-1-on (DK-4); 2-geranyl-2,3,4,4tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcon (DK-5); 1-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3-[3,4dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl pent-3-enyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-

5-yl] propan-1-on (DK-6); 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxy flavon

(DK-8);

cycloaltilisin 7 (DK-7). Trong DK-5, DK-8 l nhng hp cht ln u tin

c pht hin trong l Sa k; DK-1, DK-2 v DK-3 l nhng hp cht ln
u tin c cng b trn th gii [16].
Ba dn xut geranyl chalcon bao gm isolespeol; 5'-geranyl-2',4',4trihydroxy chalcon v 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-geranyldihydro chalcon, cng
vi hai hp cht c bit n l lespeol v santhoangelol, c phn lp t
dch chit methanol l Sa k. Cc cu trc c nhn dng da vo ph
UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, v so snh vi th vin ph [27].
T dch chit ethylacetat l Sa k, Wang Y v cng s phn lp
c -sitosterol, v 6 flavonoid gm: 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxy avon;
cyclochampedol;

2-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcon;

2,4,5-

trihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylavon; 2-geranyl-3,4,7-tirhydroxyavon v
1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H
-1-benzo pyran-5-yl]-1-propanon [43].
Nm 2012, Trn Thu Hng v cng s phn lp t dch chit
methanol l Sa k c mt prenylated auron: artocarpauron; hai prenylated
chalcon:

1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-

pentenyl)-2H-1-benzo

pyran-5-yl]

propan-1-on,

2-geranyl-2,3,4,4-tetra

hydroxy dihydrochalcon; ba prenylated avanon: cycloaltilisin 7, ()sophoraavanon A, 2-geranyl-3,4,7-trihydroxyavanon v ba triterpen: 3acetoxycycloart-25-en-24-on, 3-acetoxycycloart-25-methoxy-23-en, v 3acetoxy-urs-12-en-11-on [30].
1.2.3. R
Theo mt s ti liu, trong r c prenyl flavonoid gm: artocommunols
CA (4-O-methylcyclomorusin); artocommunols CB (5,2,4-trihydroxy-3geranyl-7,8-(2,2-dimethyl-6H-pyrano)-6-prenyl flavon); artocommunols CC;

10

artocommunols

CD

(5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-3-geranyl-8-prenylflavon)

artocommunols CE (5,2,4-trihydroxy-7,8-(2,2-dimethyl-6H-pyrano)-3-(9hydroxy) prenyl flavon) [24]; cyclo geracommunin; artoavon A; artochamin

D; artochamin B; artomunoisoxanthon v dihydroartomunoxanthon [36];
artoindonsianin V; hydroxyartocarpin [39]; artocarpin; cycloartobiloxanthon;
cycloartocarpin A; morusin [23], [39]; chaplashin; cudraflavon B; artonin E;
cudraflavon C v artobiloxanthon [23].
T v r, Shieh WL v Lin CN phn lp c hai hp cht bit:
-sitosterol v cudraflavon A; este triterpenoid: acetate lupeol [40]; hai
pyranodihydrobenzoxanthon: artomunoxanthon [40], cycloartomunoxanthon
[33], mt dn xut quinonoid pyranobenzoxanthon: artomunosanthentrion
[40], bn pyrano flavonoid: cyclomulberrin, cyclocommunol, cyclocommunin
v dihydro isocyclo artomunin [35], hai prenyl flavonoid: dihydro cyclo
artomunin v cycloartomunin [33], mt dn xut ca pyrano dihydro benzo
xanthon epoxid: artomunoxanthotrion epoxy [34].
1.2.4. Thn
Ba prenylflavon mi: isocyclo morusin, isocyclo mulberrin, v cyclo
altilisin, cng vi ba flavonoid c bit n l cyclomorusin,
cyclomulberrin, v engeletin, c phn lp t thn cy. Cu trc ca cc
prenylflavon mi c xc nh bng cc d liu ph 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, so
snh vi cc hp cht c lin quan bit [25].
Mt chalcon prenylated mi, 3'',3''-dimethylpyrano-[3',4']-2,4,2'trihydroxychalcon c phn lp t dch chit methanol thn cy. Hai dn
xut flavonoid, (-) cycloartocarpin v (-) cudraflavon A cng c phn lp.
Ngoi ra, tm flavonoid c bit n, isobacachalcon, morachalcon A,
gemichalcons B v C, artocarpin, cudraflavon C, licoflavon, v (2S)
euchrenon-a7, cng c phn lp t dch chit thn cy ln u tin [29].

11

T dch chit ether li g cy Sa k, Shimizu K, Kondo R, v Sakai K

phn lp c mt stilben vi vng dimethylchromen: 3,2,4-trihydroxy6,6-dimethyl-pyrano-(3,2,4,5)-trans-stilben, c t tn l artocarben
[41].
1.3.

TC DNG DC L CA SA K

1.3.1. Tc dng chng oxy ha

Hai prenylflavonoid mi, cyclogeracommunin (1) v artoflavon (2),
c phn lp t dch chit chloroform v r ca A.communis. Hp cht (2)
c kh nng thu dn cc gc 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl vi mc liu IC50
l 24,28 0,8M, trong khi hp cht (1) c tc dng c ch xanthin oxidase
vi mc liu IC50 l 73,3 19,1M [36].
1.3.2. Tc dng chng ung th
Chn prenylated flavon: cycloartocarpin, artocarpin, v chaplashin c
phn lp t dch chit dichloromethan thn r, cng vi morusin, cudraflavon
B, cycloartobiloxanthon, artonin E, cudraflavon C v artobiloxanthon c
phn lp t dch chit chloroform v r, c tc dng gy c va phi i vi
dng t bo KB (gy ung th vm hng ngi) mc liu IC50 ln lt l
5,5 1,1; 5,1 1,0; 13,4 0,4; 6,9 2,1; 7,9 1,8; 8,7 0,8; 9,8 0,6; 8,5
2,5; 9,3 1,6 (g/ml) v dng t bo BC (gy ung th v ngi) mc liu
IC50 ln lt l 3,1 0,1; 3,3 0,6; 5,5 0,05; 3,3 1,1; 5,2 0,4; 4,1
0,04; 4,1 0,04; 2,9 0,5; 4,9 0,2 (g/ml) [23].
Mt prenylated avonoid, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanon t dch
chit dichloromethan l cho thy kh nng gy c i vi t bo bch cu P388 chut vi mc liu IC50 l 6,7g/ml [37].
Ba geranyl dihydrochalcon c phn lp t phn on ethylacetat ca
dch chit methanol l gm: 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-{4-hydroxy-6,6,9-

12

trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-5-yl}-1-propanon;
[6-hydroxyl-3,7-dimethylocta-2(E),7-dienyl]-2,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy

2-

dihydro

chalcon v 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4-dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzo pyran-5-yl]-1-propanon c kh nng gy

c i vi cc dng t bo gy ung th ngi: SPC-A-1 (t bo ung th
phi), SW-480 (t bo ung th rut kt) v SMMC-7721 (t bo ung th biu
m gan) [44].
Mt geranyl chalcon, isolespeol, c phn lp t phn on
dichloromethan trong dch chit methanol l cho thy kh nng c ch cao i
vi s pht trin ca t bo ung th m m SW 872 mc liu IC50 l
3,8mM. Nghin cu cho thy s tc ng ca isolespeol ln t bo SW 872 l
thng qua vic lm tng tc ng ca protein p53 mt protein nh hng
n s cht ca t bo [27].
Dch chit ethylacetat t g ca cy c kh nng gy c i vi t bo
ung th v ngi (T47D) ph thuc vo nng , vi dch chit IC50 l
6,19g/ml. Th trn in vitro, dch chit vi ch yu l artocarpin lm gim
kh nng sng ca t bo T47D bng cch gy ra ci cht t bo v hnh thnh
pha ph G [22].
1.3.3. Tc dng chng vim
Tc dng chng vim ca cc flavonoid c phn lp t A.communis
v

A.heterophyllus,

gm

cycloartomunin

(1),

cyclomorusin

(2),

dihydrocycloartomunin (3), dihydroisocycloartomunin (4), cudraflavon A (5),

cyclocommunin (6), artomunoxanthon (7), cycloheterohyllin (8), artonins A
(9) v B (10), artocarpanon (11), artocarpanon A (12), heteroflavanons A
(13), B (14) v C (15 ), c tin hnh th in vitro bng cch xc nh tc
dng c ch ca cc cht trn cc cht trung gian ha hc c gii phng t
t bo mast, bch cu trung tnh v i thc bo. Hp cht (4) c ch ng k

13

vic gii phng -glucuronidase v histamin t t bo mast chut khi b

kch thch bi P-methoxy-N- methylphenthylamin vi liu ID50 tng ng l
72,6 2,5M; 70,2 3,2M. Hp cht (11) c ch ng k vic gii phng
lysozyme t bch cu trung tnh chut khi b kch thch bi formyl-MetLeu-Phe (fMLP) vi liu ID50 46,5 5,1M. Cc hp cht (8), (10), v (11)
c ch ng k s hnh thnh anion superoxide trong bch cu trung tnh
chut khi b kch thch bi fMLP trong khi cc hp cht (2), (3), (5) v (6) li
kch thch qu trnh sn sinh anion superoxide. Hp cht (11) cho thy c tc
dng c ch ng k ln vic hnh thnh nitric oxide v hot ng ca protein
iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) trong i thc bo chut (dng t bo
RAW 264,7) b kch thch bi lipopolysaccharid [45].
Mt chalcon prenylated 3'',3''-dimethyl pyrano[3',4']2,4,2'-trihydroxy
chalcon v nm flavonoid gm isobacachalcon, morachalcon A, gemichalcon
B, artocarpin, (2S)-euchrenon a c phn lp t dch chit thn cy cho thy
hot ng c ch mnh s hnh thnh nitric oxide trong i thc bo chut
(dng t bo RAW 264,7) b kch thch bi lipopolysaccharid vi liu IC50 ln
lt l 18,8; 6,4; 16,4; 9,3; 18,7 v 12,3 M [29].
1.3.4. Tc dng chng x va ng mch
Dch chit ethylacetat l Sa k cho thy c tc dng bo v t bo i
vi dng t bo U937 ang bnh do LDL b oxi ha (OxLDL). Trong dch
chit ethylacetat phn lp c -sitosterol v 6 flavonoid cho thy c tc
dng bo v t bo U937 [43].
1.3.5. Tc dng h ng huyt
Ba auron c phn lp t dch chit methanol l Sa k, altilisin H, I,
v J cho thy c tc dng c ch -glucosidase vi mc liu IC50 ln lt l
4,9 0,1; 5,4 0,3; 5,1 0,1 M, mc liu thp hn nhiu so vi acarbose
(IC50=241,8M), l mt cht c ch -glucosidase c s dng trong iu tr
bnh tiu ng [38].

14

1.3.6. Tc dng khng khun

Dch chit methanol v cy v cc hp cht c phn lp: artonin E
(4) v 2-[(3,5-dihydroxy)-(Z)-4-(3-methyl but-1-enyl)phenyl]benzo furan-6-ol
(5) c th tc dng khng khun trn cc chng vi khun l: Providencia
stuartii, P.aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnumoniae, S.aureus, S.typhi, E.coli v
chng vi nm C.albicans. Kt qu cho thy c dch chit v hp cht 4, 5 u
c kh nng ngn cn s pht trin ca cc chng vi khun v vi nm th
nghim. Nng c ch ti thiu MIC ca dch chit l 64mg/ml i vi
S.aureus v E.coli. Nng c ch ti thiu MIC khong 32mg/ml cho cc
hp cht 4 v 5 trn P.aeruginosa v hp cht 5 trn E.coli. Tc dng c ch
ca hp cht 4, 5 i vi P.aeruginosa mnh hn chloramphenicol [31].
1.3.7. Tc dng c ch men chuyn angiotensin (ACE)
L Sa k c chit xut bng nhiu dung mi khc nhau, v em tin
hnh nghin cu kh nng c ch ACE. Trong s cc dch chit, dch chit
ethanol nng cho thy kh nng c ch ACE mnh vi mc liu IC50 l 54,08
0,29mg/ml, tip theo l dch chit ethylacetat lnh vi mc liu IC50 l
85,44 0,85mg/ml, dch chit nc nng cho thy kh nng c ch ACE km
vi mc liu IC50 l 765,52 11,97mg/ml. Phn tch thnh phn ha hc s
b cho thy c mi lin quan gia kh nng c ch ACE vi cc hp cht
glycosid v phenolic c nhiu trong dch chit [42].
1.4.

TNH V, CNG NNG CA SA K

Theo ng y, r Sa k c tnh bnh, tr ho [8], [20]; v c tc dng st

trng; l c tc dng tiu vim, tiu c, li tiu [8], [19], [20].

Tht qu Sa k c tc dng b t, ch kh. Ht c tc dng b trung ch
kh, li trung tin [19].

15

1.5.

CNG DNG CA SA K
Tht qu thng c dng n. Qu cn xanh c bt dng lm thc
phm, vi nhiu cch ch bin [8], [9], [19]. Ht luc hoc rang, n c tc
dng li trung tin, kch dc [19].
nc ta, dn gian dng l cha ph thng [8], [9], [19], hoc dng
ngoi cha mn rp, inh nht, p xe [19]. L gi sc h huyt p, tr tiu
chy, i ng [15].
Nuven Caledoni, r cy c dng tr hen, cc ri lon d dy rut,
mt s ri lon khi mang thai, au rng ming v tr bnh v da [8], [9], [19].
Papua Niu-Guinea, v cy c dng tr gh, nha cy c dng
pha long ung tr tiu chy v l [8], [9], [19].
Mt s bi thuc c l Sa k:
Tr bnh gout v si thn: 100g l Sa k ti, 100g da leo, 50g c
xc kh. Tt c nu nc ung trong ngy [20].
Tr tiu ng tup 2: 100g l Sa k ti, 100g tri u bp ti, 50g
l i non, nu nc ung trong ngy [20].
Cha vim gan, vng da: 100g l Sa k ti, 50g dip h chu ti,
50g c mp gai ti, 20-50g c mc kh. Tt c chung nu nc ung
trong ngy [20].
Tr chng huyt p cao dao ng: 2 l Sa k vng va mi rng, 50g
rau ngt ti, 20g l ch xanh ti, chung nu nc ung trong ngy [20].
- Tr bnh mn rp: l Sa k t thnh than, tn mn, phi hp vi du
da v ngh ti, gi nt, lm thnh bnh, p [19].
- Cha sng hng, mn nht, p xe: l Sa k v l u ti, lng
bng nhau, gi vi vi ti cho n khi c mu vng, ri p [8], [9], [19].

16

Chng 2
NGUYN LIU, THIT B, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP
NGHIN CU
2.1.

NGUYN VT LIU, THIT B NGHIN CU

2.1.1. Nguyn vt liu nghin cu

Mu nghin cu cy Sa k:
- Mu cy ti gim nh tn khoa hc.
- Mu cy ti mang l, thn cy nghin cu v mt thc vt.
- L cy ti phi se, sy trong t sy 50C n kh, lm nh, bo
qun trong ti nilon kn, ch mt lm nguyn liu nghin cu v mt ha
hc.
Mu nghin cu cy Mt ni:
- Mu cy ti phn bit vi cy Sa k v c im hnh thi.
Ni thu hi: Th c Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Thi gian thu hi: thng 11 nm 2013.
2.1.2. Thit b nghin cu
Cc dng c th nghim thng quy (bnh nn, bnh gn, cc c m,
pipet)
T sy Shellab.
Cn phn tch Precisa.
My ct quay Buchi Rotavapor R-200.
Knh hin vi Leica Wetzlar GmbH, my nh Canon IXUS 115 HS.
Bn mng Silicagel GF254 ca Merck (c) trng sn.
n t ngoi.
Ha cht s dng trong nghin cu t tiu chun Dc in Vit Nam
III, IV.

17

2.2.

NI DUNG NGHIN CU

2.2.1. Nghin cu v thc vt

- M t hnh thi cy, phn bit vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi v
gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu.
- Nghin cu c im vi hc ca mu.
2.2.2. Nghin cu v ha hc
nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c trong dc liu v cc phn on bng
phn ng ha hc thng quy v sc k lp mng.
2.3.

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt

M t hnh thi thc vt
M t c im hnh thi cy v phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v
c im hnh thi theo phng php ghi trong ti liu Thc tp thc vt v
nhn bit cy thuc [5].
Gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu
i chiu vi m t trong ti liu chuyn su v thc vt nh:
T in thc vt thng dng [9].
Cy c Vit Nam [14].
Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam [19].
Nhng cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam [13].
Nghin cu c im vi hc
Quan st cu to vi phu l, thn v soi bt l, bt thn bng knh hin vi,
chp nh cc c im vi hc bng my nh theo cc ti liu:
Thc tp thc vt v nhn bit cy thuc [5].
Thc tp dc liu [1].

18

2.3.2. Nghin cu v ha hc
nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng cc
phn ng ha hc thng quy v bng sc k lp mng theo ti liu:
Bi ging dc liu, tp I v II [2], [3].
Thc tp dc liu [1].
Phng php nghin cu ha hc cy thuc [12].

19

Chng 3
THC NGHIM V KT QU
3.1.

NGHIN CU V THC VT

3.1.1. M t hnh thi cy

Cy g ln, cao khong 10m. Thn to, ng knh khong 80-90cm,
phn cnh cao, cc nhnh khc khuu, v mu nu, sn si, c nha m trng
(hnh 3.1). Thn non mu xanh, c ph nhiu lng trng (hnh 3.2).
L mc so le, xp xon, mc thng t u ngn cnh, c l km. Hai l
km ln, di khong 15-20cm, ban u dnh vo nhau, bc ly l nh bp cy,
l cun bn trong, sau tch dn l cy bung ra, rng sm, c mu
xanh chuyn vng khi rng (hnh 3.3). L mu xanh lc, bng (khi non), m
v chuyn mu vng (khi rng); mu lc m mt trn, mt di mu lc
nht, ph nhiu lng rp. L x lng chim, 9-11 thy, mp nguyn, chp
nhn, u thun t. L di 40-50cm, rng 30-40cm, cung l ngn 2-5cm
(hnh 3.4).
Hoa c t hp li, hnh chy, di 15-20cm (hnh 3.5). Qu kp, gn nh
hnh trn hoc hi hnh trng, c 10-15 x 15-25cm, v mu xanh lc nht, c
gai t, tht qu trng, cha nhiu bt, thng khng c ht (hnh 3.6).
3.1.2. Gim nh tn khoa hc
Da vo cc c im quan st, phn tch v c im hnh thi, i
chiu vi cc ti liu tham kho v c s gip ca PGS.TS Nguyn
Khc Khi Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn sinh vt, cy Sa k dng nghin
cu c gim nh tn khoa hc l Artocarpus communis J. R. Forst. &
G. Forst., tn ng ngha l Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosb. hay Artocarpus
incisus (Thunb.) L., h Du tm (Moraceae).

20

Hnh 3.1. nh cy Sa k

Hnh 3.2. nh u ngn cnh Sa k

Hnh 3.4. nh l Sa k
Hnh 3.3. nh tn l Sa k

Hnh 3.5. nh hoa c Sa k

Hnh 3.6. nh qu Sa k

21

3.1.3. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v c im hnh thi

Cy Sa k v cy Mt ni c cc c im hnh thi chung ca chi
Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.: Cy g cao 15-20m; l mc so le, chia
thy; hoa n tnh cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa
ci tp hp trn mt hoa li; qu kp.
Mt s c im hnh thi phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni c
trnh by bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1. Phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im hnh thi.
c im
hnh thi

Cy Sa k

Cy Mt ni

L:

- Chia thy
- u thy
- Gc l
- Lng

Hnh 3.8. nh l Mt ni
Hnh 3.7. nh l Sa k
Nng (1/3-1/2).
Su (2/3-4/5).
Thun.
Nhn sc, di.
Thun nhn.
Thun t.
Lng t dy, ngn phin l; Lng t dy c phin l; lng
cng gn l mu xm hoc .
lng cng gn l mu xm.

Qu:

Mu sc
Gai
Tht qu
Ht

Hnh 3.9. nh qu Sa k
Xanh nht.
Gai t, hu nh khng nh ra.
Bt trng, chim hu ht qu.
Hu nh khng c, nu c ch c
2-3 ht.

Hnh 3.10. nh qu Mt ni
Xanh l m.
Gai nhn, sc, di.
Bt trng, chim phn t th tch.
Nhiu, chim phn ln qu. Ht to
2-4cm, c v mng mu nu v gn
en.

22

3.1.4. c im vi phu l
Quan st tiu bn vi phu l (hnh 3.11), nhn thy:
Phn gn l: Mt trn v mt di u li, tuy nhin mt di li
nhiu hn. T bo biu b (1) gm nhiu t bo hnh ch nht, c mt s t
bo bin thnh lng che ch n bo (6). M dy (2) c cu to bi cc t
bo hnh trng c thnh dy, mt trn c nhiu lp t bo hn mt di. M
mm (3) gm cc t bo thnh mng, hnh trn. Cc b mch nm trong khi
m mm, phn b thnh hai phn: phn ngoi to thnh vng cung khp kn,
phn trong nm ri rc to thnh cc cnh cung. Trong mi b mch, phn
libe (4) nm ngoi, phn g (5) trong. Ngoi ra, trn c hai lp biu b u
c nhiu lng tit (7), tinh th calci oxalat nm ri rc m mm.
Phn phin l: T bo biu b (8) hnh ch nht, mt di c lng che
ch. M giu (9) chim mt phn t chiu dy phn tht l, gm 1-3 lp t
bo cha nhiu ht dip lc. Pha di l m khuyt (10). M giu v m
khuyt b phn cch thnh cc phn bi cc mch dn ca gn ph (11). Tinh
th calci oxalat nm ri rc trong vng m giu v m khuyt.
3.1.5. c im vi phu thn
Quan st tiu bn vi phu thn (hnh 3.12), nhn thy:
Thn cy c cu to vi phu cp hai: Ngoi cng l bn (1) gm 3-5 lp
t bo sp xp ln xn. Tip theo l tng pht sinh bn-lc b, v lc b (2)
gm 4-6 lp t bo hnh a gic. M mm v (3) gm cc t bo hnh trng,
kch thc khng u nhau. Cc b libe cp 1 (4) nm ri rc trong m mm
v. Libe cp 2 (5) gm m mm libe v si libe. Tip theo l g cp 2 (6) v
g cp 1(7). Tm l m mm v (8), chim mt phn hai chiu dy thn. Tinh
th calci oxalat ri rc m mm v, libe v m mm rut.

23

Hnh 3.11. nh vi phu l cy Sa k

1. T bo biu b gn l

2. M dy

3. M mm

4. Libe

5. G

6. Lng che ch n bo

7. Lng tit

8. T bo biu b phin l

9. M giu

10. M khuyt

11. Mch dn gn ph

Hnh 3.12. nh vi phu thn Sa k

1. Bn

2. Lc b

3. M mm v

4. B libe cp 1

5. Libe cp 2

6. G cp 2

7. G cp 1

8. M mm rut

24

3.1.6. c im bt l
L c phi sy kh, tn thnh bt mn. Bt c mu xanh lc, mi
thm. Quan st bt di knh hin vi (hnh 3.13), nhn thy:
Lng che ch n bo (1). Mnh biu b mang l kh (2). Tinh th calci
oxalat hnh cu gai (3). Ht tinh bt hnh trn ng ring r, rn ht phn
nhnh, vn r (4). Mnh m mm (5). Mnh m giu (6). Cc mnh mang
mu (7). Cc mnh mch: mch xon (8), mch vch (9). Si (10).
3.1.7. c im bt thn
Thn phi sy kh, tn thnh bt mn. Bt c mu vng nu, mi thm.
Quan st bt di knh hin vi (hnh 3.14), nhn thy:
Mnh biu b mu nu (1). M mm l cc t bo hnh a gic, thnh
mng (2). Cc mnh mch: mch xon (3), mch im (4). Si g (5). Ht
tinh bt nm ri rc c hnh trn, rn phn nhnh (6). Tinh th calci oxalat
(7). Mnh mang mu (8).
3.2.

NGHIN CU V HA HC.

3.2.1. Chit xut.

Cn 1kg dc liu lm nh, cho nc ngp dc liu (cch b mt dc
liu khong 2cm), un si trong 30 pht. Sau 30 pht, ly dch chit ra, lc
nng c dch lc. B dc liu c dng chit tip ln 2, ln 3. Gp
cc dch lc li, ly mt phn em c n cn (cn ton phn). Phn cn li
bay hi bt dung mi ri chuyn vo bnh gn. Tin hnh chit lng lng
vi cc dung mi c phn cc tng dn ln lt l: n-hexan, chloroform v
ethyl acetat. Dch chit cc phn on c ct thu hi dung mi di p sut
gim n cn ln lt l n-hexan (cn H), chloroform (cn C) v cn ethyl
acetat (cn E).
Hnh 3.15 m t s chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on t
l Sa k.

25

Hnh 3.13. nh mt s c im bt l Sa k
1. Lng che ch n bo
3. Tinh th calci oxalat hnh cu gai

2. Mnh biu b mang l kh

4. Ht tinh bt

6. Mnh m giu 7. Cc mnh mang mu

9. Mnh mch vch

5. Mnh m mm

8. Mnh mch xon

10. Si

Hnh 3.14. nh mt s c im bt thn Sa k

1. Mnh biu b
4. Mnh mch xon

2. M mm

5. Si g

3. Mnh mch im

6. Ht tinh bt

8. Mnh mang mu

7. Tinh th calci oxalat

26

Dc liu
Nc ct
Cn ton phn

Dch chit nc
n-Hexan

Dch chit n-hexan

Dch chit nc

n-Hexan thu hi

Chlorform
Cn H
Dch chit chloroform

Dch chit nc

Chloroform thu hi

Ethyl acetat
Cn C
Dch chit ethyl acetat

Dch chit nc

Ethyl acetat thu hi

Cn E

Hnh 3.15. S chit xut cn ton phn v cc cn phn on

t l Sa k
3.2.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc liu bng
phn ng ha hc.
3.2.2.1. nh tnh glycosid tim
Ly 3g dc liu, chit soxhlet vi n-hexan 1 gi. B dc liu sy kh,
cho vo bnh cu, un hi lu vi ethanol 40% trong 1 gi. Gn dch chit
vo cc c m, thm khong 3ml ch acetat 30%, khuy u. Lc loi ta, th

27

dch lc vn cn ta vi ch acetat, cho thm 1ml ch acetat na vo dch

chit, khuy v lc li. Tip tc th n khi dch chit khng cn ta vi ch
acetat. Cho ton b dch lc vo bnh gn v lc k vi hn hp
chloroform:ethanol t l 4:1 (3 ln, mi ln 5ml), gn ly lp chloroform vo
cc c m kh sch. Chia dch chit vo cc ng nghim nh, bc hi dung
mi trn ni cch thu cho n kh. Cn cn li lm cc phn ng nh
tnh sau:
Phn ng Liebermann:
Ha tan cn trong ng nghim 1 bng 1ml anhydrid acetic, lc u.
Nghing ng 450, cho t t theo thnh ng 1ml H2SO4 c. Quan st nu thy
mt tip xc gia 2 lp xut hin vng vng th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
Phn ng Baljet:
Ha tan cn trong ng nghim 2 bng khong 1ml ethanol 90%, nh
tng git thuc th Baljet mi pha (1 phn dung dch acid picric 1% v 9
phn dung dch NaOH 10%) nu thy xut hin mu cam th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
Phn ng Legal:
Ha tan cn trong 0,5ml ethanol 90%. Nh 1 git thuc th
Natrinitroprussiat 1% v 2 git dung dch NaOH 10%. Lc u, nu thy xut
hin mu cam th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dc liu khng cha glycosid tim.
3.2.2.2. nh tnh alkaloid
Ly 2g dc liu lm nh, cho vo bnh cu dung tch 50ml, thm m
dc liu bng dd NH3 6 M, yn 1 gi. Chit hi lu chlorofrom trong
vng 30 pht, lc ly dch chit. Lc dch chit chlorofrom vi acid H2SO4

28

1N (2 ln, mi ln 5ml). Gp cc dch chit nc, cho vo 3 ng nghim nh,

mi ng nghim 1ml, lm cc phn ng sau.
Phn ng vi thuc th Mayer: Thm 2-3 git thuc th Mayer, nu
thy xut hin ta trng th phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
Phn ng vi thuc th Bouchardat: Thm 2-3 git thuc th
Bouchardat, nu thy xut hin kt ta nu th phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
Phn ng vi thuc th Dragendorff: Thm 2-3 git thuc th
Dragendoff, nu thy xut hin kt ta da cam th phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dc liu khng cha alkaloid.
3.2.2.3. nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong cn ton phn
bng phn ng ha hc
nh tnh saponin
Quan st hin tng to bt:
Ha tan mt t cn vo khong 5ml nc ct. un cch thy 10 pht, lc
qua bng ly dch chit vo ng nghim to. Thm nc ct n khong 10ml,
bt ng nghim bng ngn tay ci, lc mnh ng nghim theo chiu dc 5
pht, yn v quan st ct bt thy ct bt bn sau 15 pht th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha saponin.
nh tnh flavonoid
Ha tan cn vo ethanol 90%, lc qua giy lc gp np ly dch lc em
lm cc phn ng:
Phn ng vi hi amoniac (NH3)
Nh vi git dch lc ln ming giy lc, kh ri h ln ming l NH3

29

c, quan st nu thy vt cht chuyn sang mu vng th dng tnh.

Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
Phn ng vi dung dch kim long
Cho dch lc vo ng nghim, nh vi git dung dch NaOH 10% nu
thy dch vn c mu vng th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
Phn ng Cyanidin
Cho vo 2 ng nghim mi ng khong 1ml dch lc, 1 ng thm t bt
magie kim loi ri nh t t vi git HCl m c, ng cn li i chiu.
Khi phn ng xong quan st nu thy ng phn ng xut hin mu cam
m hn ng i chiu th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
Phn ng vi dung dch st (III) chlorid
Cho khong 1ml dch lc vo ng nghim nh, thm vi git dung dch
FeCl3 5%, lc u nu thy xut hin mu xanh en th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
Phn ng diazo ha:
Cho vo ng nghim nh 1ml dch lc, thm vo khong 1ml dung
dch NaOH 10%, thm vi git thuc th diazoni, lc u, un nng cch
thy nu thy xut hin mu cam th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha flavonoid.
nh tnh coumarin
Chun b dch lc nh phn nh tnh flavonoid lm cc phn ng:
Phn ng m ng vng lacton:
Cho vo 2 ng nghim, mi ng 1ml dch lc, ng 1 thm 0,5ml NaOH
10%, ng 2 nguyn. un c 2 ng trong 2 pht, ngui, nu thy hin

30

tng ng 1 c ta c mu vng, ng 2 trong sut. Thm t t nc ct vo

c 2 ng n 4ml, ng 1 trong sut, ng 2 c ta c. Thm vi git HCl c
vo ng 1, ng 1 tr li c nh ng 2 th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
Phn ng chuyn dng ng phn cis-trans:
Nh hai git dch chit ethanol ln giy lc, sau nh tip ln 1 git
NaOH 10%, kh. Che na vt cht th bng mt mnh kim loi ri soi
di nh sng t ngoi trong khong 30 giy, b vt che ra thy na ca vt
cht th khng che c cng mu sng hn na vt cht th b che th
phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c coumarin.
nh tnh anthranoid
Phn ng Borntraeger:
Ha tan mt t cn vo 10ml H2SO4 1N. ngui, lc qua giy lc gp
np ly dch lc cho vo bnh gn. Chit bng 10ml chloroform, gn ly lp
chloroform vo ng nghim, c bt dung mi cn khong 1ml, thm 1ml
NaOH 10% vo, lc nh, nu xut hin mu sim th phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha anthranoid.

nh tnh acid hu c
Ha tan cn trong nc nng, ngui ri lc qua giy lc gp np. Cho

vo ng nghim nh khong 2ml dch lc, thm mt t tinh th Na2CO3 nu

thy c bt kh bay ln th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c acid hu c.

31

nh tnh tanin
Ha tan cn trong nc nng. ngui, lc qua giy lc gp np ly
dch lc. Cho vo 3 ng nghim nh mi ng 2ml dch lc.
ng 1: Thm vi git st (III) chlorid 5% nu thy xut hin ta mu
xanh en th dng tnh.
ng 2: Thm vi git ch acetat 10% nu thy xut hin ta bng th
dng tnh.
ng 3: Thm vi git gelatin 1% nu thy xut hin ta bng trng th
dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha tanin.
nh tnh ng kh
Ha tan cn vo 1ml nc nng, em lc thu c dch lc. Thm vo
1ml dung dch thuc th Felling A v 1ml dung dch thuc th Felling B.
un cch thy si vi pht nu thy xut hin ta gch th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha ng kh.
nh tnh acid amin
Ha tan cn vo 2ml nc nng. Lc nng, ly dch lc vo ng nghim
nh, thm 5 git thuc th Ninhydrin 3%, un cch thy 2 pht nu thy xut
hin mu tm th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha acid amin.
nh tnh polysaccharid
Ha tan cn vo 4ml nc nng, lc nng thu c dch lc. Cho vo 2
ng nghim
ng 1: 4ml nc ct + 5 git thuc th Lugol

32

ng 2: 4ml dch lc + 5 git thuc th Lugol

Quan st mu ng 2 m hn ng 1 th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c cha polysaccharid.
nh tnh cht bo
Ha tan cn vo 2ml nc nng, lc nng. Nh 1 git dch chit trn ln
ming giy lc, h nng cho bay ht hi dung mi, nu li vt m trn giy
lc th phn ng dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c cht bo.
nh tnh caroten
Cho vo ng nghim nh mt t cn kh, nh vi git H2SO4 c vo cn
nu thy xut hin mu xanh l th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc khng c caroten.
nh tnh sterol
Cho vo ng nghim mt t cn kh, ha tan trong 2ml chloroform v
1ml anhydrid acetic. ng nghim nghing 450, thm t t H2SO4 m c
theo thnh ng nghim thy mt phn cch c vng tm , lp cht lng pha
trn c mu xanh l th dng tnh.
Kt qu: Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: Dch chit nc c sterol.
Cc kt qu nh tnh c trnh by tm tt bng 3.2.
Kt lun: S b kt lun l Sa k khng cha glycosid tim, alkaloid;
dch chit nc c saponin, flavonoid, anthranoid, tanin, ng kh, acid
amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo,
caroten.

33

Bng 3.2. Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht hu c trong l Sa k

Nhm cht

2
3

Glycosid tim

Alkaloid
Saponin

Flavonoid

Phn ng nh tnh

Kt
qu

Phn ng Libermann

Phn ng Legal

Phn ng Baljet

Phn ng vi thuc th Mayer

Phn ng vi thuc th Bouchardat

Phn ng vi thuc th Dragendorff

Quan st hin tng to bt

Phn ng vi hi amoniac

++

Phn ng vi dung dch kim long

++

Phn ng Cyanidin

Phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 5%

++

Phn ng diazo ha

++

Phn ng m ng vng lacton

Kt
lun
Khng

Khng
C

Coumarin

Phn ng chuyn dng ng phn cistrans

Anthranoid

Phn ng Borntraeger

++

Acid hu c

Phn ng vi Na2CO3

Khng

Tanin

Phn ng vi dd FeCl3 5%

++

Phn ng dd ch acetat 10%

++

Phn ng vi dd gelatin 1%

++

Khng

ng kh

Phn ng vi TT Fehling A v Fehling B

++

10

Acid amin

Phn ng vi TT Ninhydrin 3%

11

Polysaccharid

Phn ng vi TT Lugol

++

12

Cht bo

To vt m trn giy

Khng

13

Caroten

Phn ng vi H2SO4 c

Khng

14

Sterol

Phn ng Liebermann

Ghi ch:(-): Phn ng m tnh

(+): Phn ng dng tnh

(++): Phn ng dng tnh r

34

3.2.3. nh tnh cn ton phn bng sc k lp mng

- Dch chm sc k: Cn ton phn ha tan trong MeOH.
- Bn mng Silicagel GF254 (Merck) trng sn, c hot ha 110C
trong 1h. ngui v bo qun trong bnh ht m.
- H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi
H I: Chloroform - Methanol (8:2)
H II: Dichlomethan- Methanol - Nc (4:1:0,1)
H III: Dichlomethan- Ethyl acetat Acid formic (5:2:1)
- Thuc th hin mu: dd vanilin/ H2SO4 10% v soi di n t ngoi
bc sng 254nm v 365nm.
- Tin hnh: Chm dch methanol ln bn mng. Sy nh cho kh, t
vo bnh sc k bo ha dung mi. Sau khi trin khai ly bn mng ra khi
bnh, sy nh 5 pht cho bay hi ht dung mi. Pht hin vt di nh sng t
ngoi. Sau phun thuc th hin mu, sy nhit khong 110C. Sau
nhiu ln trin khai thy h III tch tt nht (hnh 3.16).

II

III

IV

Hnh 3.16. Sc k ca cn ton phn khai trin vi h dm s III

Ghi ch :

I : khng phun TT, AST

II : khng phun TT, UV254nm

III : khng phun TT, UV365nm

IV : phun TT, AST

35

Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn ton phn vi h dung mi III

c trnh by bng 3.3.
Bng 3.3. Kt qu nh tnh cn ton phn bng SKLM.
STT

Khng c thuc th

Rf x 100

UV254nm

UV365nm

AST

en
(++)

Xanh l
(++)

Vng
(+)

en

Xanh l

Xanh tm

(++)

(++)

(++)

en
(++)

Xanh dng
(+)

9,94

en
(+)

Xanh l
(++)

13,66

en

Xanh dng

Nu vng

(+)

(+++)

(++)

en
(+++)

Xanh l
(+++)

Vng
(++)

1
2

5
6

AST

C thuc th

Xanh dng
(+)

7
8

en

Xanh l

(+)

(++)

7,59

15,19
21,66
25,47
30,44

Xanh dng
(+++)

3,73

36,02

en
(+)

Xanh l
(+)

en

Xanh l

(++)

(++)

12

en
(+)

Da cam
(+++)

Vng
(+)

50,63

13

en
(+)

Vng
(++)

Vng
(+)

54,66

10
11

Vng
(++)

38,51
46,85

36

14

en

Vng

Vng

(++)

(++++)

(++)

en
(+)

15

Xanh dng
(+++)

16
17

60,51

Vng cam
(++)

65,84

Hng cam

(++++)

(+++)
Vng nu
(++)

72,67

Xanh dng
(++)

Vng
(++)

75,16

Xanh dng
(+++)

Hng
(+++)

78,88

en

Xanh dng

Vng

(+++)

(++)

(+++)

en
(++)

20
21

69,62

Xanh l
(+++)

18

Ghi ch:

Tm
(++)

en

19

57,76

+ : rt m

++ : m

+++ : r

82,61

++++ : rt r

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 3 h, nhn thy h cho kt qu tch tt nht.
Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy:
Khi cha phun thuc th.
nh sng thng: 0 vt.
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm: 16 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm: 19 vt
Khi phun thuc th.
nh sng thng: 15 vt
Trong cc vt, nhn thy mt s vt ng lu :
- Vt 6 nhn thy r c 3 trng hp, tr trng hp nh sng thng
cha phun thuc th.
- Vt 14 bc sng 365nm nhn rt sng v r.

37

3.2.4. nh tnh cn cc phn on

3.2.4.1. nh tnh cn cc phn on bng phn ng ha hc
Cch tin hnh
Tin hnh nh tnh mt s nhm cht thng gp trong cn cc phn
on.
- nh tnh flavonoid: Cn tng phn on c ha vo trong cn 90%,
sau em nh tnh nh trnh by mc 3.2.2.3.
- nh tnh coumarin: Cn tng phn on c ha vo trong cn 90%,
sau em nh tnh nh trnh by mc 3.2.2.3.
Kt qu
Kt qu nh tnh cn cc phn on n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat
c trnh by ln lt trong bng 3.4.
Bng 3.4. Kt qu nh tnh cn H, C, E bng phn ng ha hc
Nhm cht

Flavonoid

P nh tnh

Cn H

Cn C

Cn E

P/ vi hi ammoniac

++

++

P/ vi dd NaOH 10%

++

++

P/ Cyanidin

P/ vi dd FeCl3 5%

++

++

P/ diazo ha

++

++

Khng

P/ m, ng vng lacton

P/ chuyn dng ng phn cis-trans

Khng

Khng

Kt lun
Coumarin
Kt lun

Kt qu

Nhn xt: Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht hu c thng gp

trong cc cn phn on nhn thy: Cn n-hexan c cha coumarin, khng c
flavonoid; trong c cn C v E u c flavonoid, khng c coumarin .

38

3.2.4.2. nh tnh bng sc k lp mng

- Dch chm sc k: Cn tng phn on ha tan trong MeOH.
- Bn mng Silicagel GF254 (Merck) trng sn, c hot ha 110C
trong 1h. ngui v bo qun trong bnh ht m.
- Thuc th hin mu: dd vanilin/ H2SO4 10% v soi di n t ngoi
bc sng 254nm v 365nm.
Tin hnh: Tng t nh vi cn ton phn.
nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan
H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi:
H I: n-hexan Ethylacetat (4:2)
H II: n-hexan Ethylacetat Acid formic (4:2:0,5)
H III: Toluen - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:2:0,5)
H IV: Toluen - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:6:1)
Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h III tch tt nht (Hnh 3.17).

II

III

IV

Hnh 3.17. Sc k cn H khai trin vi h dm s III

Ghi ch :

I : khng phun TT, AST

II : khng phun TT, UV254nm

III : khng phun TT, UV365nm

IV : phun TT, AST

39

Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn phn on n-hexan vi h dung

mi III c trnh by bng 3.5.
Bng 3.5. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on n-hexan bng SKLM
STT
1

Khng c thuc th
AST

UV254nm

UV365nm

AST

en

Xanh dng

Vng nu

(+)

(++)

(++)

Xanh l

Vng

(+++)

(+)

en

Xanh dng

Hng

(+)

(+)

(+++)

en

Xanh dng

Nu

(++++)

(++++)

(+++)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

C thuc th

en

Hng

(++)

(++)

en

Xanh nht

Vng chanh

(++)

(+++)

(++)

en

Xanh dng

Hng cam

(++)

(+++)

(++)

en

Vng

(+++)

(++)

(+)

en

Xanh dng

Xanh en

(+)

(+)

(++)

en

Rf x 100
9,44
13,33
17,22
20,55
23,33
25,00
28,33
31,11
33,88
38,88

(+)
en

Xanh l

Xanh l

(+++)

(++)

(++)

en

Xanh dng

cam

(+++)

(+)

(++)

Xanh dng

Xanh dng

Vng

(+++)

(++++)

(++)

43,88
50,00
57,77

40

14
15
16

en

Xanh bin

(+++)

(+)

en

Hng cam

(+++)

(++)

Xanh dng

Xanh dng

Vng cam

(+++)

(++++)

(+++)

Xanh l

Xanh bin

(++)

(++)

Xanh dng

Xanh en

(+++)

(++)

Xanh l

(+++)

(+)

Xanh dng

Tm

(+++)

(+++)

17
18
19
20

Ghi ch:

+ : rt m

++ : m

+++ : r

60,00
63,88
66,66
75,00
77,77
83,33
88,88

++++ : rt r

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h III cho kt qu tch tt
nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy.
Khi cha phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 0 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm: 15 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm: 16 vt
Khi phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 19 vt
Trong cc vt, nhn thy mt s vt ng lu :
- Vt 4 nhn thy rt r, trong 3 trng hp tr trng hp khng phun
thuc th di nh sng thng.
- Vt 13, 16 nhn rt m, pht quang di c 2 bc sng t ngoi
254nm, 365nm.

41

nh tnh cn phn on cloroform

H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi:
H I: Toluen Ethylacetat Acid formic (5:6:1)
H II: n-Hexan Ethylacetat (4:2)
H III: Chloroform Methanol (9:1)
H IV: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:3:0,5)
H V: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (5:2:1)
Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h IV tch tt nht (Hnh 3.18).

II

III

IV

Hnh 3.18. Sc k ca cn C khai trin vi h dm IV

Ghi ch :

I : khng phun TT, AST

III : khng phun TT, UV365nm

II : khng phun TT, UV254nm

IV : phun TT, AST

Kt qu nh tnh bng SKLM ca cn phn on chloroform chy vi

h dung mi IV c trnh by bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on chloroform bng SKLM
STT

Khng c thuc th
AST

C thuc th

UV254nm

UV365nm

en
(++)

Xanh dng
(+)

en
(++)

Xanh l
(++)

AST

Rf x 100
2,61

Xm
(+)

4,35

42

en
(+)

Da cam
(+++)

Nu xm
(+)

Da cam
(+++)

4
5

Vng
(++)

Vng
(++)

en
(++)

7
en
(++)

8
9

8,70
11,30

Vng
(++++)

Vng
(++)

13,04

Vng
(++++)

Vng
(++)

19,13

Xanh dng
(+)

Xanh en
(++)

24,35

Xanh dng
(+)

Xanh en
(+)

29,57

Xanh dng
(++)

Vng
(+)

33,04

10

en
(++)

Nu
(+)

Nu xm
(++)

35,65

11

en
(+)

Xanh dng
(+)

en
(++)

40,87

Nu
(+)

Xm
(+)

44,35

en
(+++)

Xanh dng
(+)

Nu
(+++)

57,77

en
(+)

Xanh dng
(++)

Vng
(+)

53,04

12
13
14

Vng
(++)

Xanh dng
(+)

15
16

Vng
(++)

Xanh dng
(++)
en
(++++)

17

Nu
(+)

60,00

Nu en
(+++)

61,74

en
(++++)

Xanh dng
(++++)

Nu
(+++)

66,09

19

en
(+)

Xanh dng
(+++)

Vng
(+)

73,91

20

en
(+)

Xanh dng
(++++)

Hng
(+)

78,26

21

en
(+++)

Vng
(+++)

83,48

18

Vng
(++)

56,52

43

Xanh dng
(++)

22

Hng
(+++)

85,22

en
(++)

89,57

Hng
(+++)

91,30

en
(89,57)

23

Xanh dng
(+)

24

Ghi ch:

+ : rt m

++ : m

+++ : r

++++ : rt r

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h IV cho kt qu tch tt

nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy.
Khi cha phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 5 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm: 15 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm: 21 vt
Khi phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 21 vt
Trong cc vt, nhn thy mt s vt ng lu :
- Vt 18 nhn thy rt r, trong c 4 trng hp.
- Vt 5, 6 nhn thy nh sng thng v pht quang rt m di bc
sng t ngoi 365nm.
nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat
H dung mi khai trin: Tin hnh thm d trn cc h dung mi:
H I: Toluen Ethylacetat Acid formic (8:6:1)
H II: Ethylacetat Methanol Nc (4:1:1)
H III: Dichlomethan Methanol Nc (4:1:0,1)
H IV: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (8:3:1)
H V: Dichlomethan - Ethylacetat - Acid formic (5:2:1)
Sau nhiu ln trin khai thy h IV tch tt nht (Hnh 3.19).

44

II

III

IV

Hnh 3.19. Sc k ca cn E khai trin vi h dm IV

Ghi ch :

I : khng phun TT, AST

II : khng phun TT, UV254nm

III : khng phun TT, UV365nm

IV : phun TT, AST

Bng 3.7. Kt qu nh tnh cn phn on ethylacetat bng SKLM

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

AST

Khng c thuc th
UV254nm
UV365nm
Xanh dng
(+)
en
Xanh dng
(++)
(++)
Xanh dng
(++)
en
(+)
Xanh dng
(+++)
en
(+)
en
Xanh dng
(+)
(+++)
en
Xanh dng
(+)
(+)

C thuc th
AST
Vng
(++)
Tm than
(+++)

Rf x 100
2,61
6,09
9,56

Vng
(+++)

11,30
13,91

Vng
(+)

17,39
20,00
24,35

45

en
(+)

Xanh dng
(+)
Xanh dng
(+)

10
Vng
(++)

11

14

Vng
(++)

en
(+)
Vng xm
(++)
en
(++)
en
(+)

15
16
17
18

Vng ng
(+++)

en
(++++)

Xanh dng
(+)
Xanh dng
(+)
Xanh dng
(++)
Da cam
(++)
Xanh dng
(+++)
Vng
(+++)
Xanh dng
(+++)

37,39
40,00

Vng
(+)

43,48
46,03

Xanh en
(++)

en
(+)

20

Xanh en
(++)

24

Ghi ch:

en
(+++)

+ : rt m

69,57
73,91

Xanh dng
(++)
Xanh dng
(+)

23

65,22
67,83

Hng tm
(++)
Vng ng
(+++)

57,39
62,61

Xanh dng
(+++)

21

50,43
53,91

Xanh tm
(++)

19

22

33,04

en
(++)

12
13

27,83

++ : m

Vng
(+++)
Vng
(+)

+++ : r

80,00
86,09

++++ : rt r

46

Nhn xt: Sau khi thm d 4 h, nhn thy h IV cho kt qu tch tt

nht. Trn bn mng silicagel nhn thy:
Khi cha phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 4 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 254nm: 13 vt
nh sng t ngoi bc sng 365nm: 18 vt
Khi phun thuc th:
nh sng thng: 12 vt
Trong cc vt, nhn thy mt s vt ng lu :
- Vt 18 nhn thy rt r, trong 3 trng hp tr trng hp sau khi
phun thuc th.
- Vt 22 nhn thy r di nh sng thng, v rt m di bc sng
t ngoi 254nm.

47

BN LUN
Cy Sa k t lu c nhn dn ta s dng tr huyt p, tr tiu
chy, i ng, [9]. V mt thc vt hc, cc ti liu tham kho cho thy,
cy Sa k hin ch dng m t c im hnh thi ca cy [8], [13], m cha
thy c cc nghin cu v cu to gii phu hay c im vi hc. Vic tin
hnh nghin cu cu to gii phu thn, l v c im vi hc bt thn, bt l
ca ti c thc hin ln u tin i vi mu cy ny.
So vi c im hnh thi ca chi nhn thy cy Sa k c cc c im
chung ca chi nh: cy g cao 15-20m; l mc so le, chia thy; hoa n tnh
cng gc, cc hoa c xp thnh bng ui sc, cc hoa ci tp hp trn mt
hoa li; qu kp. Bng vic so snh c im hnh thi ca mu nghin cu
vi cc ti liu ca chi gp phn gim nh ng tn khoa hc ca mu
nghin cu.
Mu Mt ni thu c c c im hnh thi ging loi A.camansi
Blanco, song li c c im v l, qu khc vi hai loi Mt ni c m t
trong cc ti liu cng b Vit Nam (mc 1.1.4). ng thi, theo [19] th
loi A.altilis (Park.) Fosb. cn c tn ng ngha l A.camansi Blanco, tuy
nhin theo [32] th A.camansi Blanco c xem l ngun gc ca loi A.altilis
(Park.) Fosb. sau qu trnh di thc m c s khc bit v c im thc vt.
Liu mu Mt ni thu c c phi l A.camansi Blanco?
Hin nay, Sa k c trng ph bin v s dng rng ri nhng c th
c s nhm ln gia cy Sa k v cy Mt ni, v vy ti thc hin phn
bit v c im hnh thi ca hai cy gp mt phn trong vic trng v s
dng ng cy Sa k.
V chit xut, dch chit l Sa k thu c bng phng php sc thng
thng vi dung mi nc, tin hnh theo ng vi cch s dng trong dn
gian. Nh vy, c th nh gi bc u v mt ha hc ca dch chit nc

48

l Sa k, t tin hnh th tc dng sinh hc ca dch chit Sa k nhm gp

phn chng minh kinh nghim ca dn gian.
Dch chit nc, bng phng php chit lng - lng ln lt vi cc
dung mi c phn cc tng dn (n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat), thu
c cc cn phn on gm cn H, cn C v cn E.
V mt ha hc, bng cc phn ng nh tnh, s b kt lun trong l
Sa k khng c glycosid tim, alkaloid ; dch chit nc c saponin, flavonoid,
anthranoid, tanin, ng kh, acid amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha
coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo, caroten; trong cn H c coumarin, khng c
flavonoid; cn C v cn E c flavonoid, khng c coumarin. Coumarin xut
hin trong cn H, nhng khi tin hnh phn ng nh tnh coumarin i vi
cn ton phn li cho kt qu m tnh, c th do hm lng coumarin trong
cn ton phn nh, hoc b nh hng bi cc nhm cht khc nh flavonoid.
Sau , tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm cht ca cn ton phn v cn cc
phn on bng SKLM. Kt qu ny bc u gp phn vo vic xy dng
tiu chun cho mu nghin cu, nh hng cho cc nghin cu ha hc su
hn v d kin hng nghin cu sinh hc tip theo.
Khi trin khai SKLM ca cn ton phn, cn H, cn C, cn E nhn thy
rng:
Cn TP: Di bc sng t ngoi 365nm xut hin hai vt mu vng
m.
Cn H: C hai vt pht quang mu xanh di c hai bc sng t
ngoi 254nm v 365nm, c th l coumarin (nh kt qu nh tnh bng phn
ng ha hc) m khng thy xut hin sc k ca cn ton phn.
Cn C: Khi cha phun thuc th v di UV365nm, ch yu l cc vt
mu xanh dng nhng xut hin hai vt mu vng m, v hai vt mu da
cam; c th l cc vt mu vng xut hin trn sc k ca cn ton phn.

49

Cn E: Khi cha phun thuc th v di UV365nm, ch yu l cc vt

xanh dng, xanh l, c bit c mt vt mu vng m c th nhn thy c
nh snh thng.
V vy, vic dng cc dung mi khc nhau chit, tch cc nhm cht
gip xc nh chnh xc hn cc nhm cht hu c thng gp trong dc
liu, cng nh nh hng c bc u mt s nhm cht c th tin hnh
phn lp.
Nh vy, cy Sa k ngoi c im gii phu v c im vi hc; cng
c phn bit vi cy Mt ni cy d gy nhm ln vi cy Sa k; ng
thi thnh phn ha hc cng c s b kho st. lm phong ph kho
tng cy thuc Vit nam, cy Sa k cn c nghin cu su hn v thnh
phn ha hc v tc dng sinh hc.

50

KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian thc nghim, kha lun thu c nhng kt qu
sau:
V thc vt
- m t v phn tch c im hnh thi ca cy nghin cu. Cn c
vo cc c im hnh thi mu nghin cu c gim nh tn khoa hc
l: Artocarpus communis J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., h Du tm Moraceae.
- phn bit cy Sa k vi cy Mt ni v mt s c im hnh thi,
gp phn trnh nhm ln trong qu trnh trong v s dng cy Sa k.
- xc nh c im vi phu l, vi phu thn, c im bt l, bt
thn gp phn tiu chun ha v kim nghim dc liu, chng nhm ln khi
s dng.
V ha hc v chit xut
- nh tnh cc nhm cht hu c thng gp bng phn ng ha
hc s b cho thy trong l Sa k khng cha glycosid tim, alkaloid; dch
chit nc c cha: flavonoid, saponin, tanin, anthranoid, ng kh, acid
amin, polysaccharid, sterol; khng cha coumarin, acid hu c, cht bo,
caroten.

- tin hnh chit lng lng ln lt vi cc dung mi c phn

cc tng dn: n-hexan, chloroform, ethylacetat. Tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm
cht trong cn TP, cn 3 phn on bng SKLM.

51

XUT
Do thi gian c hn, nhng nghin cu trn y ca chng ti mi ch
l bc u nn mt s nghin cu sau ngh tip tc thc hin:
Tip tc nghin cu su hn v c im thc vt ca mu nghin cu
Gim nh tn khoa hc ca mu Mt ni thu c. So snh v mt vi hc
cng nh ha hc ca l Sa k vi l Mt ni.
Tip tc nghin cu v thnh phn ho hc cc phn on chit xut
ca cy Sa k.
Nghin cu phn lp cc hp cht tinh khit v xc nh cu trc cc
hp cht.
Tin hnh nghin cu th tc dng sinh hc ca cc hp cht phn
lp c.

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PH LC

KT QU GIM NH TN KHOA HC & BIN SON T

LIU LOI THC VT