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TRNG I HC DC H NI
L MINH THU
H NI 2014
B Y T
TRNG I HC DC H NI
L MINH THU
H NI 2014
LI CM N
Trong thi gian nghin cu hon thnh kho lun ti b mn Dc liu
trng i hc Dc H Ni, ti nhn c rt nhiu s quan tm, hng dn
ca thy c, bn b v gia nh.
Vi lng bit n su sc, ti xin chn thnh gi li cm n ti
PGS.TS Nguyn Vit Thn ngi thy tn tu, nhit tnh du dt, gip ti
trong sut thi gian thc hin kho lun tt nghip.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n ThS. V Xun Giang l ngi thy trc tip
hng dn ti hon thnh kho lun tt nghip ca mnh.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n ThS. L Thanh Bnh tn tnh hng dn, ch
bo ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin kho lun tt nghip.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n su sc ti ton th thy c, cc anh ch k thut
vin ca b mn Dc Liu trng i hc Dc H Ni to iu kin thun li
v gip ti trong ton b thi gian thc hin kho lun ny.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n ton th thy c gio trng i hc Dc H Ni
tn tnh dy bo ti trong sut nhng nm hc va qua.
Cui cng, ti xin t lng cm n chn thnh, su sc nht ti b m, gia nh,
bn b, nhng ngi thn lun bn cnh, ng vin, ng h ti trong sut thi
gian hc tp v hon thnh kho lun.
H Ni, ngy 13 thng 5 nm 2014
Sinh vin
L Minh Thu
MC LC
DANH MC CC K HIU, CC CH VIT TT
DANH MC CC BNG
DANH MC CC HNH V, TH
T VN ......................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN ................................................................................... 2
1.1. TNG QUAN V CHI AMOMUM ............................................................... 2
1.1.1. V tr phn loi chi Amomum ....................................................................... 2
1.1.2. c im thc vt v phn b chi Amomum................................................. 2
1.1.3. Thnh phn ho hc chi Amomum ............................................................... 4
1.2. C IM MT S LOI THUC CHI AMOMUM C VIT NAM ... 5
1.2.1. Loi Amomum longiligulare T.L. Wu .......................................................... 5
1.2.2. Loi Amomum villosum Lour. .................................................................... 10
1.2.3. Loi Amomum thyrsoideum Gagn. ............................................................. 11
1.2.4. Loi Amomum ovoideum Pierre ex Gagnep. ............................................... 12
CHNG 2: I TNG, PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN
CU...................................................................................................................... 13
2.1. i tng v phng tin nghin cu.......................................................... 13
2.1.1. i tng nghin cu ................................................................................ 13
2.1.2. Phng tin nghin cu ............................................................................. 13
2.2. Phng php nghin cu ............................................................................. 14
2.2.1. Phng php nghin cu hin vi ................................................................ 14
2.2.2. Phng php ho hc ................................................................................ 14
2.2.3. Nghin cu v tinh du .............................................................................. 15
CHNG 3: THC NGHIM, KT QU, BN LUN .................................... 17
3.1. Nghin cu v thc vt ................................................................................ 17
S th t
High-speed counter-current chromatography separation
HSCCC
(Php ghi sc k ngc dng cao tc)
High performance liquid chromatography
HPLC
(Sc k lng hiu nng cao)
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GC-MS
(Sc k kh kt hp khi ph)
TT
Thuc th
UV
Ultra violet
EC50
DANH MC CC BNG
Trang
Bng 1. Cc thnh phn trong qu Sa nhn tm
Bng 2. Kt qu nh tnh s b cc nhm cht ca phn trn v di mt
t Sa nhn tm
Bng 3. Thnh phn v hm lng cc cht trong tinh du phn trn v
di mt t Sa nhn tm
7
31
41
DANH MC CC HNH V, TH
Trang
Hnh 2.1. B Soxhlet
14
15
19
20
20
20
21
21
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
Hexan- Ethylacetat- acid acetic (12:2:1) sau khi phun thuc th hin mu.
Hnh 3.14. Sc k , th, bng biu din lng gi cc vt ca dch chit
Ether du ho phn di mt t Sa nhn tm khi khai trin h dung mi
37
Hexan- Ethylacetat- acid acetic (12:2:1) sau khi phun thuc th hin mu.
Hnh 3.15. Sc k , th, bng biu din lng gi ca cc vt tinh du
phn trn v di mt t Sa nhn tm khi khai trin h dung mi Toluen-
38
38
39
39
T VN
Vit Nam nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, c h thc vt phong ph, cy
ci quanh nm ti tt. Theo c tnh ca cc nh thc vt, h thc vt nc ta c
ti khong 12.000 loi [2]. Theo nh gi ca Vin Dc liu, c nc c 3948 loi
thc vt v nm ln, 52 loi to bin, 408 loi ng vt v 75 loi khong sn c
cng dng lm thuc.
Sa nhn tm l cy thuc qu chuyn tr cc bnh ng rut, c s dng
lu i v l mt trong nhng dc liu c gi tr xut khu n nh nht. Qu Sa
nhn tm v cay, tnh m, mi thm, vo kinh t, v, thn, c tc dng tn hn, tn
thp, hnh kh, khai v, tiu thc, kch thch tiu ho nn c dng tr bnh trng
au, n khng tiu, t, l, nn ma [5]. Hin nay, Sa nhn tm c xut sang mt
s nc nh Trung Quc, Nht Bn, dng lm gia v [1].
Sa nhn tm mc t nhin di cc tn rng v c trng ch yu cc tnh
min Nam Trung B: Qung Nam, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Ph Yn, Gn y,
Sa nhn tm c a vo trng vi qui m nh Thanh Sn (Ph Th), Thch
Tht (H Ni). Tuy nhin vic di thc ny cha c t chc theo quy m sn xut.
to c s nh gi hiu qu kinh t m cy ny mang li khi c trng ti
min Bc v gp phn cung cp s liu so snh gia cc b phn cy, cng nh so
snh vi cy trng ti min Nam, ti thc hin ti Nghin cu v c im
thc vt v thnh phn ho hc ca cy Sa nhn tm (Amomum longiligulare
T.L. Wu), h Gng (Zingiberaceae) trng ti huyn Thch Tht, H Ni nhm
mc tiu xy dng c s d liu khoa hc v cy s dng cy thuc mt cch
hp l.
thc hin mc tiu ra, ti c tin hnh vi cc ni dung sau:
1. Nghin cu c im thc vt ca cy Sa nhn tm: M t c im hnh thi, c
im vi phu l, thn r, r, c im bt phn trn v di mt t.
2. Nghin cu thnh phn ha hc ca cy Sa nhn tm: nh tnh cc nhm cht
bng phn ng ha hc, sc k lp mng, sc k kh kt hp khi ph.
Phn b: vng nhit i [20]. Chu v chu c c khong 150 loi [22].
Theo ti liu phn loi thc vt ca Trung Quc [22], chi Amomum gm 39
loi nh sau:
Amomum austrosinense D.Fang
Y.M.Xia
Maton
Y.M.Xia
Y.M.Xia
Gagnepain
P.S.Chen
X.X.Chen
Y.M.Xia
P.S.Chen
D.Fang
Y.M.Xia
cng. Khi lng cc ht tng i nh, mi qu c 3 n 24 ht, ng knh 1,52mm. Mi thm v v hi nht [13].
Phn b
Sa nhn tm phn b t o Hi Nam Trung Quc n vng Trung Lo v Vit
Nam. Vit Nam, Sa nhn tm phn b tp trung nht cc tnh Ty Nguyn
[1],[17]. Nhng ni c nhiu Sa nhn tm nht l huyn M rc c Lc, An Kh
v K Bang (Gia Lai), Vnh Thnh (Bnh nh), Sng Hinh (Ph Yn), Ba T
(Qung Ngi), y, Sa nhn tm mc tng i tp trung xen ln vi cc loi
Sa nhn khc, trn din tch hng ngn hecta rng. Trong khi cc tnh pha Bc
nh Ph Th, Thi Bnh, Ho Bnh, Hi Dng th Sa nhn tm mc vi tr lng t
trng thi hoang di hoc trng vn [1].
Thnh phn ho hc
Vit Nam, tinh du qu Sa nhn tm tch ra c 45 hp cht [10]. Tinh du
t qu (1,7-3%) c cha borneol (19%), D-camphor (33%), bornyl acetat (26.5%),
D-limonen (7%), phellandren (2.3%), paramethoxy cinnamat (1%), -pinen (1.8%),
linalool and nerolidol [17]. Ba hp cht c tch t qu Sa nhn tm c xc nh
l
amomumosid
((+)-angelicoidenol-2-O--D-glucopyranosid),
quercitrin
Tn hp cht
3,5-dihydroxy-7,4-dimethoxyavon
3,5,3-trihydroxy-7,4-dimethoxyavon
3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-methoxyavon
3-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4hydroxyphenyl)heptan
1,5-epoxy-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)1-(4hydroxyphenyl) heptan
3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)
heptan
7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5hepten-3-on
7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3heptanon
3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)heptan
10
7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4hydroxyphenyl)-5-hepten- 3-on
Cng thc
11
12
Acid 4-methoxybenzoic
13
4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanon
14
Genistein-7-O--D-glucosid
15
Quercetin-3-O- -D-glucopyranosid
16
Luteolin-8-C--L-arabinosid
17
Tc dng dc l
Tinh du v dch chit ethanol ca qu Sa nhn tm c tc dng khng khun
[16]. Tinh du Sa nhn tm cn c tc dng gim au, chng vim, chng tiu chy.
Zhao Jin v cng s th nghim cc tc dng ny trn chut. Kt qu nh sau:
tinh du Sa nhn du tm pha trong xylen (liu 2 ml/kg) c tc dng chng sng
tng t vi indomethacin (10 mg/kg) khi tim trn chut. Tinh du Sa nhn tm
pha trong xylen (liu 2ml/kg) cn c tc dng gim au khi chut b au bi acid
acetic bng tng t vi tc dng indomethacin (10mg/kg) khi tim trn chut. Tc
dng chng tiu chy ca tinh du Sa nhn tm pha trong xylen (liu 2ml/kg) cng
tng t vi tc dng ca smecta (5mg/kg) [21].
Dch chit v cc hp cht trong qu Sa nhn tm c tc dng tng t
estrogen. Trong bng 1, cc hp cht 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 14 th hin tc dng tng
t estrogen nng EC50 c 10-8 (18,310-8 n 62,710-8M). Dch chit th v
cc hp cht 4, 6, 8, 9 th c tc dng tng t estrogen nng EC50 c 10-7. Cc
hp cht 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 c tc dng yu hn (nng EC50 ln hn 10-6) [19].
Mt s bi thuc c v Sa nhn tm
- Cha c thai b lnh bng, y hi, tiu tin khng c: Sa nhn tm v
Hng ph lng bng nhau, phi kh tn bt. Mi ln ung 3-4g, ngy 3 ln.
Hoc mi v 8g em sc, chia lm nhiu ln ung trong ngy [1].
- Cha tiu chy: Sa nhn tm, Trn b, v cy Vi, v Rt, Thanh b, Thn
khc, Mch nha mi v 2g. Tt c tn thnh bt mn, c th lm thnh vin. Mi ln
4g ung vi nc Ta t ngy 2 ln [1].
- Cha n khng tiu, nn ma, tr em cam tch: Sa nhn tm 4g, Mc hng
6g, Ch thc 6g, Bch trut 4g, tn bt, ry mn. Dng nc sc Bc h nu vi go
thnh h ri trn vi bt dc liu thnh vin 0,25g. Mi ln ung 2-3 vin, ngy 23 ln (Hng sa ch trut hon) [1].
- Cha au nhc rng: ht Sa nhn tm phi kh, gi thnh bt chm vo ch
au rng, hoc ngm ru ri ngm [1].
10
- Cha t thp: Thn r Sa nhn tm 10g, cht nh, ngm vi 100ml ru trong
15 ngy, xoa bp hng ngy. Hoc phi hp vi l Hng b di (Dm hi), nu k
vi nc, ngm chn lc nc cn m.
1.2.2. Loi Amomum villosum Lour.
Tn thng gi: Dng xun sa.
c im thc vt
Cy tho cao 1-3m. Thn r mc b, chng cht trn mt t. L khng cung
mc so le, di 30-40cm, rng 5-9cm, gc trn, u thun di thnh mi nhn, mt
trn sm bng, mt di nht, hai mt nhn; li b nguyn. Cm hoa mc thn
r thnh bng, c 5-11 hoa mu trng; l bc ngoi c mi nhn u, l bc trong
c hai rng; i di 1,5-2cm, c 3 rng; trng di 2-2,5cm, chia ba thu, thu gia
hnh khum, hai thu bn nh, cnh mi dng tha trn, ng knh 1,6-2cm, c sc
ta gia phin, mp nguyn, u cnh mi chia 2 thu nh gp ra pha sau, ch
nh di bng bao phn; bu gn hnh cu, c lng mn. Qu hnh cu, c gai mn,
nguyn hoc x i, chia 3 , ht c o sn si [1].
Loi Amomum villosum Lour. cn chia lm hai th: Amomum villosum
Lour.var. villosum T.L. Wu ex Senjen Chen v Amomum villosum Lour.var.
xanthioides T.L. Wu ex Senjen Chen [1].
Thnh phn ho hc
Thnh phn tinh du Amomum villosum Lour. gm D-camphor (33,2%), Dbornyl acetat (26,5%), borneol (19,4%), D-limonen (7%), camphen (7%),
paramethoxy trans-cinnamat, phellandren (2,3%), pinen (1,1%). Bng sc k kh,
tinh du Amomum villosum Lour. phn tch c 38 thnh phn gm cc
monoterpen, sesquiterpin, terpenoxyd ca translinalol, caryophylen, [1].
Cng dng
Amomum villosum Lour. l v thuc c tc dng kch thch v gip tiu ho
tt, cha t v kh tr, n khng tiu, au bng lnh, tiu chy, nn, ng thai, kit
l thuc hn. Ngoi ra, n cn c dng lm gia v v iu ch ru mi. Trung
Quc, Amomum villosum Lour. c dng tr ri lon v d dy v tiu ho, nn, n
11
khng ngon, kh tiu, tiu chy. Ngoi tc dng b, gy trung tin, lm d tiu,
Amomum villosum Lour. cn l thuc iu kinh v h st, i khi c ch nh
iu tr lao, ho ra mu, cc bnh v gan, thp khp. Tinh du c tc dng c ch vi
khun [1].
1.2.3. Loi Amomum thyrsoideum Gagn.
Tn khc: Amomum gagnepainii T. L. Wu
Tn thng gi: Sa nhn li l ngn.
c im thc vt
Cy thn c, b l di xp xt nhau to thnh thn gi kh sinh cao 1,5-2m.
Thn r mc b trn mt t. c bao bc bi vy mu nu t. L mc so le xp
thnh hai dy, khng c cung, phin l phng, hnh elip di 25-30cm, rng 6-7cm,
mp l nguyn, gc l trn, mt trn xanh m, bng, mt di xanh nht, hai mt
nhn. Li nh di 1cm, xanh nht, dai, mp nguyn, ngn thun u, trn. Cm
hoa dng bng mc ri rc t thn r, gn hay xa thn kh sinh, di 8-13cm. Hoa 710 trn mt cm, mu trng, cung hoa rt ngn. L bc ngoi hnh elip, mu nu,
di 2,5cm. L bc trong dng ng, bao ly phn di ca ng i v trng, di 11,5cm, trn chia hai rng. i dng ng, di 1-1,2cm, mu trng, ngn chia 3 thu,
mu nu. Trng dng ng, ph lng mn, di 2-2,5cm, trn chia 3 thu, thu gia
hnh trng ngc, hai thu bn b hn. Cnh mi trn, hnh tha lm, gc cnh mi
do gn gia ko di, un cong mt gc 90o so vi trc hoa, c 2 cnh nh hai bn.
B nh c ch nh di bng bao phn. Bao phn 2 . Cm qu thng t 5-10 qu.
Qu hnh bu dc, ng knh 2,3-2,7cm, b mt qu mu nu, sm, c gai
mnh, trong c 3 , nhiu ht. Ht c mi thm tinh du, v cay [8].
Thnh phn ho hc
Cc hp cht hydrocarbon monoterpenic (-pinen, -pinen, sabinen) l thnh
phn chnh ca tinh du l, nhng trong tinh du qu tn ti vi t l rt thp.
Camphor, borneol, bornyl acetat l thnh phn chnh ca tinh du ht, trong
bornyl acetat chim t l cao nht (khong 50%) [8].
12
13
14
15
16
Tin hnh: Thi nh dc liu, nghin nt bng thuyn tn, cn dc liu. Sau
cho dc liu vo ni ct tinh du, nc va ngp dc liu. Lp b dng c
ng quy nh. Ct cho n khi lng tinh du khng tng thm (khong 3-4 ting).
Ngng ct, sau 15 pht c th tch tinh du phn chia vch (iu chnh kho
tinh du nm phn chia vch). Sau tin hnh rt ly tinh du.
Cng thc tnh hm lng tinh du trong dc liu:
X% =
V
100%
m ma
17
18
- Phn phin l (Hnh 3.2): Biu b trn l mt hng t bo hnh ch nht c thnh
dy, biu b di gm mt hng t bo hnh ch nht xp u nhau. M cng gm
t bo a cnh mng dy, xp thnh tng m st biu b trn. M mm phin l
gm cc t bo gn trn hoc c nhiu cnh mng mng. T bo tit tinh du mu
vng cam nm ri rc gn m mm. B libe-g xp mt hng hnh vng cung gia
b l.
- Phn r (Hnh 3.3): Biu b gm mt hng t bo hnh ch nht c kch thc
tng i ng u, c lng ht. T bo tit tinh du (4) mu vng cam nm ri rc
gn m mm (3). C mt vng m cng (5) nm st tr b (6). Libe (7) gm nhng
t bo nh gn trn. G, mch g v cc m mm g (8) xp ngay st pha trong
libe, mch g to dn t ngoi vo trong. B libe-g sp xp ln xn khng c
hng nht nh.
- Phn thn r (Hnh 3.4): Biu b (1) l mt dy t bo hnh ch nht. M mm
(2) gm cc t bo hnh a gic hay gn trn c thnh mng. Ni b (7) gm nhng
t bo a cnh xp st nhau. T bo tit tinh du (8) mu vng cam nm ri rc gn
m mm. B libe-g sp xp ln xn khng c hng nht nh.
19
1 3
1. Ton cy Sa nhn tm
2. Ngn cy Sa nhn tm
3. L cy Sa nhn tm
4. Thn r, r cy Sa nhn tm
20
Ch thch:
Hnh 3.2: 1. Biu b; 2. M mm;
3. T bo tit tinh du; 4.M khuyt;
5. G; 6. Libe; 7. M cng
3.2
3.3
Hnh 3.4:
1. Biu b; 2. M mm; 3. Libe; 4. G;
5. M cng; 6. Mch; 7. Ni b;
8. T bo tit tinh du; 9. M mm rut
21
22
V
100%
m ma
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
dch thuc th Felling A v 1ml dung dch Felling B. un cch thy si vi pht.
Phn (T) v (D) u xut hin ta gch Phn ng dng tnh.
S b kt lun: phn trn mt t v phn di mt t Sa nhn tm u cha
ng kh.
3.5.10. nh tnh acid amin, polysaccharid
Tin hnh ln lt hai phn (T) v (D) theo cc bc sau: Cn khong 5g
dc liu cho vo cc c m, thm 30ml nc ct, un si vi pht. Lc qua giy
lc vo 4 ng nghim khc.
nh tnh acid amin: Thm vi git thuc th Ninhydrin 3% vo ng nghim th
nht. un cch thy si vi pht. Phn (T) v (D) u khng xut hiu mu xanh
n tm.
S b kt lun: phn trn mt t v phn di mt t Sa nhn tm u khng c
acid amin.
nh tnh polysaccharid
ng 2: 4ml dch chit + 5 git thuc th Lugol
ng 3: 4ml nc ct + 5 git thuc th Lugol
ng 4: 4ml dch chit.
Phn (T) v (D) c mu ng 2 nht hn ng 3 v ng 4
phn ng m tnh.
S b kt lun: phn trn mt t v phn di mt t Sa nhn tm u khng
cha polysaccharid.
3.5.11. nh tnh cht bo, caroten, sterol
Tin hnh ln lt hai phn (T) v (D) theo cc bc sau: Cn khong 5g bt
dc liu vo cc c m 100ml, thm 10ml ether du ha, bc kn, ngm 1 gi. Lc
qua giy lc gp np ly dch lc.
nh tnh cht bo: Nh 1 git dch chit ln mnh giy lc, sy nh cho bay ht
hi dung mi. Phn (T) v (D) u khng li vt m trn giy.
S b kt lun: phn trn mt t v phn di mt t Sa nhn tm u khng
cha cht bo.
30
31
Flavonoid
1
Glycosid tim
Saponin
Coumarin
Tanin
Anthranoid
Phn ng nh tnh
Phn ng vi hi NH3
Phn ng vi dd NaOH 10%
Phn ng vi dd FeCl3 5%
Phn ng Cyanidin
Phn ng diazo ha
Phn ng Libermann-Burchardt
Phn ng Legal
Phn ng Baljet
Quan st hin tng to bt
Phn ng m, ng vng lacton
Phn ng diazo ha
Phn ng chuyn dng ng phn cistrans
Vi thng hoa
Phn ng vi dd FeCl3 5%
Phn ng vi dd gelatin 1%
Phn ng dd ch acetat 10%
Phn ng Borntraeger
Kt qu
(T) (D)
++
++
+++ +++
+
+
++
++
+
+
+
+
++
++
-
+
-
+
-
+
+++
+
+++
Alcaloid
8
9
Acid hu c
ng kh
Phn ng vi TT Mayer
Phn ng vi TT Dragendorff
Phn ng vi TT Bouchardat
Phn ng vi Na2CO3
Phn ng vi TT Fehling A v B
10
Acid amin
Phn ng vi TT Ninhydrin 3%
11
Cht bo
To vt m trn giy lc
12
Caroten
Phn ng vi H2SO4 c
13
Sterol
Phn ng Liebermann
14
15
Iridoid
Trong :
Phn ng vi TT Trim-Hill
+++: dng tnh rt r
++: dng tnh r
Kt lun
(T)
(D)
Khng
c
C
Khng
c
C
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
C
C
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
C
Khng
c
Khng
c
C
C
Khng
c
Khng
c
Khng
c
C
Khng
c
Khng
c
32
Nhn xt
Ngoi tinh du, phn trn v di mt t Sa nhn tm cn c flavonoid,
saponin, acid hu c, ng kh, sterol. Trong cc phn ng vi flavonoid v
ng kh cho phn ng dng tnh r.
33
A2,B2,C2:Phn di mt t
34
Hnh 3.9: Sc k ,
th, bng biu
din lng gi cc
vt ca dch chit
Ether du ho phn
trn mt t Sa nhn
tm khi khai trin h
dung
mi
Hexan-
Ethylacetat-
acid
acetic (12:2:1) UV
254 nm.
35
Hnh 3.10: Sc k ,
th, bng biu din
lng gi cc vt ca
dch chit Ether du
ho phn di mt t
Sa nhn tm khi khai
trin h dung mi
Hexan-
Ethylacetat-
Hnh 3.11: Sc k ,
th, bng biu din
lng gi cc vt ca
dch chit Ether du
ho phn trn mt t
Sa nhn tm khi khai
trin h dung mi
Hexan-
Ethylacetat-
36
Hnh 3.12: Sc k
, th, bng biu
din lng gi cc
vt ca dch chit
Ether du ho phn
di mt t Sa nhn
tm khi khai trin h
dung mi HexanEthylacetat- acid
acetic (12:2:1) UV
366 nm
Hnh 3.13: Sc k
, th, bng biu
din lng gi cc
vt ca dch chit
Ether du ho phn
trn mt t Sa nhn
tm khi khai trin h
dung
mi
Hexan-
Ethylacetat-
acid
37
Hnh 3.14: Sc k
, th, bng biu
din lng gi cc vt
ca dch chit Ether
du ho phn di
mt t Sa nhn tm
khi khai trin h dung
mi
Ethylacetat-
Hexanacid
38
Hnh 3.15: Sc k
, th, bng
biu din lng gi
ca cc vt tinh du
phn trn mt t
Sa nhn tm khi
khai trin h dung
mi
Toluen-
Ethylacetat (93:7)
UV254 nm.
Hnh 3.16: Sc k
, th, bng
biu din lng gi
ca cc vt tinh du
phn di mt t
Sa nhn tm khi
khai trin h dung
mi
Toluen-
Ethylacetat (93:7)
UV254 nm.
39
Hnh 3.17: Sc k
, th, bng
biu din lng gi
ca cc vt tinh du
phn trn mt t
Sa nhn tm khi
khai trin h dung
mi
Toluen-
Ethylacetat
(93:7)
Hnh 3.18: Sc k
, th, bng
biu din lng gi
ca cc vt tinh du
phn di mt t
Sa nhn tm khi
khai trin h dung
mi
Toluen-
Ethylacetat
(93:7)
40
Ct
Nhit ( oC)
0-2
2- 35,3
35,3- 42
42- 44
50
50- 150
150- 250
250
Nhit ho hi mu
250
41
Trn
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Tn cht
1-S--pinen
Camphen
Sabinen
2--pinen
-myrcen
Cymen
DL-limonen
1,8-cineol
Cis-ocimen
-ocimen
-Thujon
Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-on
Linalool L
Camphor
Borneol
Bicyclo[3.1.1] heptan-3-on
4-terpineol
-terpineol
Naphthalen
Myrtenal
Fenchyl acetat
1-methylnaphthalen
2-methylnaphthalen
2,6-dimethylnaphthalen
Caryophyllen
-selinen
Bicyclogermacren
Spathulenol
Caryophyllen oxide
1,2-dihydro-3-vinylphenanthren
Eudesm-4(14)-en-11-ol
Germacren B
Veridiflorol
2,6,10-cycloundecatrien-1-on
Di
Thi
gian lu
8,122
8,667
9,665
9,767
10,405
Hm
lng (%)
7,44
1,28
0,85
29,94
1,14
11,953
12,051
4,09
6,95
14,597
15,186
17,128
18,122
18,506
18,672
19,290
18,808
19,543
2.39
0,90
20,10
0,57
0,73
1,09
1,01
1,38
0,86
23,760
24,485
29,100
29,295
32,027
32,460
35,600
2.93
1,41
0,83
4,58
1,18
4,13
0,79
36,978
37,431
37,518
0,85
0,59
0,65
Thi
gian lu
8,126
8,667
9,660
9,762
10,410
11,787
11,958
12,055
12,425
12,873
14,592
Hm
lng (%)
5,85
2,62
0,85
26,99
1,18
1,59
4,42
7,96
2,30
2,98
4,73
17,123
18,117
20,27
1,72
18,672
19,290
1,64
1,19
20,648
2,56
29,295
32,026
1,89
1,15
35,600
35,780
1,54
1,26
37,431
0,96
37,518
39,626
2,00
0,39
42
43
BN LUN
V phng php nghin cu
ti s dng nhng phng php nghin cu c bn v c im hnh
thi, vi phu, bt dc liu, nh tnh s b cc nhm cht ca dc liu.
S dng my chm sc k Linomat 5 a dch chit ln bn mng. Sau khi
trin khai, chp nh bng bung chp Camag Reprostar 3, x l v phn tch sc k
bng phn mm WinCATS v VideoScan nn kt qu thu c kh chnh xc v
r rng. Cc thng s thu c rt hu ch cho vic nh tnh v bn nh lng
thnh phn ha hc trong dch chit.
V mt thc vt hc
Cc ti liu tham kho cho thy, cy Sa nhn tm hin ch dng m t c
im hnh thi ca cy v qu [8], [11]. M cha m t y v cu to gii phu
hay c im vi hc cc b phn khc ca cy. Vic tin hnh nghin cu cu to
gii phu phn trn mt t, di mt t v c im vi hc bt phn trn, di
mt t ca ti c thc hin ln u tin i vi mu cy ny. So vi c im
hnh thi ca chi Amomum, nhn thy cy Sa nhn tm c cc c im chung ca
chi nh: cy tho, thn r mc b lan, l c li nh, b l xp st vo nhau to
thnh mt thn gi, cm hoa mc t thn r, cung hoa c vy, Bng vic so snh
c im hnh thi ca mu nghin cu vi cc ti liu ca chi, h gp phn xc
nh ng tn khoa hc ca mu nghin cu.
V mt ha hc
c mt s cng trnh nghin cu v thnh phn ha hc ca Sa nhn tm
nhng ch yu l nghin cu v chit xut, nghin cu tc dng dc l ca tinh
du qu v dch chit t qu [8], [11], [16]. Thc t ngoi qu, cc b phn khc ca
cy cng cha tinh du v nhiu cht khc. Kha lun ln u tin tin hnh nghin
cu mt cch tng th v thnh phn ha hc ca cc b phn cy Sa nhn tm.
Bng cc phn ng nh tnh, xc nh trong cy Sa nhn tm c cha: flavonoid,
saponin, acid hu c, ng kh, sterol. Sc k lp mng tinh du, dch chit Ether
du ho ca phn trn v di mt t c trin khai li nhiu ln v cho kt qu
44
45
PH LC
Ph lc 1. Kt qu phn tch sc k kh tinh du phn trn mt t
Ph lc 2. Kt qu phn tch sc k kh tinh du phn di mt t