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S GIO DC O TO LM NG
Trng THPT Chuyn Thng Long Lt
TUYN TP
M HA HC
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Lt Thng 5/2005
B Gio Dc V o To
THPT
A
Ngy thi:
2/3/1994
(180 pht, khng k thi gian
giao )
- - - - - o0o - - - - Cu 1:
1. Nu phng php ho hc c th dng loi cc cht c sau:
a. SO2, NO2, HF trong kh thi cng nghip.
b. Lng ln clo trong phng th nghim.
c. Pb2+ hoc Cu2+ trong nc thi cc nh my.
Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2. T 0,1 mol H2SO4 c th iu ch 1,12 lt; 2,24 lt; 3,36 lt SO2 c khng?
Gii thch ti sao c hay khng c. Nu c, minh ho bng cc v d c
th.
Trnh by phng php thu SO2 tinh khit iu ch trn.
Cu 2:
1. Lm cc th nghim sau:
o Th nghim 1: Cho vo dung dch H2SO4 long ng trong 3 cc nh s
1, 2, 3 mi cc mt ming st.
o Th nghim 2: Thm vo cc 1 ming nhm t tip xc vi ming st.
o Th nghim 3: Thm v cc 2 mt ming ng t tip xc vi ming
st.
o Th nghim 4: Thm vo cc 3 mt ming bc t tip xc vi ming
st.
Trnh by v so snh cc hin tng xy ra trong cc th nghim trn. Vit phng trnh v cc hin tng . Gii thch s khc nhau v cc hin tng xy
ra trong cc th nghim.
2.
a. Hy vit s v phng trnh xy ra khi in phn dung dch
CuSO4 vi hai in cc bng Platin.
b. Sau khi in phn c mt thi gian, ngt ngun in ngoi v ni hai
in cc trn bng dy dn, c hin tng g xy ra? Gii thch v minh ho
bng phng php ho hc.
Cu 3:
1. a. Nu ngha v cu to ca cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
-----o
o-----
Cho H = 1, O = 16, Fe = 56
Hc sinh c s dng bng HTTH cc nguyn t ho hc.
B Gio Dc V o To
2/3/1995
(180 pht, khng k thi
gian giao )
Bng A:
Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Bng B:
ton.
- - - - - o0o - - - - A. Cu hi l thuyt.
Cu I:
1. Trong phng th nghim c dd NaOH (dung mi l nc).
a/ Hy trnh by nguyn tc xc nh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH
cho.
b/ Hy t cho cc s liu c th v tnh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH .
2. C 3 l c nh s, mi l c cha mt trong cc dd sau: natri sunfat,
canxi axetat, nhm sunfat, natri hiroxit, bari clorua. Cht no c cha
trong l s my, nu:
o Rt dd t l 4 vo l 3, c kt ta trng.
o Rt dd t l 2 vo l 1, c kt ta keo, tip tc rt thm kt ta b
tan.
o Rt dd t l 4 vo l 5, ban u cha c kt ta, rt thm th c lng nh
kt ta xut hin.
Trong mi trng hp gii thch u c vit phng trnh phn ng.
3. Hy ngh cch tch ly tng mui trong hn hp rn gm : clorua ca
amoni, bari, magie (c vit y phng trnh phn ng).
Cu II:
1. Thc nghim cho bit: sau 0,75 giy th 30ml KOH 1M trung ho va
ht 30ml H2SO4 0,5M . Hy xc nh tc ca phn ng theo lng
KOH: theo lng H2SO4. Kt qu thu c mi trng hp c hp l khng?
Ti sao?
2. Hy a ra cc biu thc cn thit chng minh vai tr ca h s cc
cht trong phng trnh phn ng khi xc nh tc phn ng.
(dng phng trnh aA + bB d D + eE vi gi thit phng trnh
n gin dng trong trng hp ny).
Cu III:
1. Cn 2 lt dd CuSO4 0,01M c pH = 2.00 m in:
a. Ti sao dd cn pH thp nh vy.
b. Trong phng th nghim c mui CuSO 4.5H2O, nc nguyn cht, H2SO4
98% (D = 1,84 g/ml). Hy trnh by cch chun b dung dch trn (b
qua cht ph).
2. C vt cn m, bn ng, dd va c chun b trn v ngun in
thch hp:
a. Hy trnh by s ca h thng thc hin s m in ny (c
v hnh). Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn in cc.
b. Tnh thi gian thc hin s m in nu bit: I = 0,5 Ampe; lp m c
in tch 10 cm2, b dy 0,17 mm; khi lng ring ca ng l 8,89
g/cm3; hiu sut s in phn ny t 80%.
Cu IV:
Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra mi trng hp sau y:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1. iu ch H2SO4 theo phng php nitro : oxi ho SO2 bng NO2 trong dd nc
(c thng bng electron).
2. iu ch mt cht trong thnh phn ca nhin liu tn la bng cch cho
kh F2 i chm qua mui rn KNO3 hoc KClO4 (trong mi trng hp u
to ra 2 sn phm, trong lun c KF).
3. FeS hoc FeCO3 b oxi ho bng oxi trong khng kh m to thnh
Fe(OH)3 (c thng bng electron).
4. Fe2O3, Fe2S3, Fe(OH)3 b ho tan trong dd axit mnh (d) u to ra ion
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
B. Bi ton:
Hn hp A gm bt Al v S. Cho 13,275 gam A tc dng vi 400 ml HCl 2M thu
c 8,316 lt kh H2 ti 27,3oC v 1 atm; trong bnh sau phn ng c dd B.
Nu nung nng 6,6375 gam A trong bnh kn khng c oxi ti nhit
thch hp, c cht D. Ho tan D trong 200 ml HCl 2M c kh E v dd F.
1. Hy tnh nng cc cht v cc ion trong dd B, dd F.
2. Tnh pH ca mi dd v nu r nguyn nhn phi to pH thp nh vy.
3. Dn kh E ( c lm kh) qua ng s cha 31,5 gam bt CuO nung
nng ti nhit thch hp (khng c oxi ca khng kh). Phn ng xong
ta thu c nhng cht no? Tnh lng mi cht . (Bit trong sn
phm : cht rn l nguyn cht, tnh theo gam ; cht kh hay hi o ti
100oC, 1atm; khi tnh s mol c ly ti ch s th 5 sau du phy).
4. Rt t t (c khuy u) cho n ht 198 ml NaOH 10% (D = 1,10 g/ml)
vo dd F:
a. Hy nu v gii thch hin tng xy ra.
b. Tnh lng kt ta thu c (nhiu nht; t nht).
-----o
o----Cho Cu = 64; S = 32; Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1.
Ghi ch: Th sinh c dng loi my tnh c nhn b ti, bng s logarit
B Gio Dc V o To
THPT
3/3/1995
(180 pht, khng k thi
gian giao )
Bng A: Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton
Bng B: B 2. trong Cu IV: 2. trong Bi ton
*********************************************************************************************************************************
A. Cu hi l thuyt:
Cu I:
1. Hy sp xp cc hp cht trong dy sau y theo th t tng dn mc linh
ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm chc (c v d v phn ng km theo): axit
axetic, ru etylic, phenol, nc.
2. m in ca C trong C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 tng ng bng 2,48; 2,75; 3,29.
Hy sp xp ba cht trn theo th t gim dn phn cc ca lin kt C-H; ly
v d phn ng ho hc minh ho v dng cc s liu trn gii thch s
sp xp .
Cu II:
1. Hy gi tn
(CH3)2CH-CH =CH-C(CH3)3
(CH3)2CH
CH
CH
C(CH3)3
CH2
B.Bi ton:
Hai hp cht hu c A, B c cng cng thc phn t v u cha C, H, Br, khi un
nng vi dd NaOH long cht A to ra cht C c cha mt nhm chc. Cht B khng tc
dng vi dd NaOH nh iu kin trn. 5,4 gam cht C phn ng hon ton vi Na cho
0,616 lt H2 27,3oC v 1atm. t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht C thu c 3,85 gam
CO2.
Khi cho A hoc B phn ng vi Br 2 (c mt bt Fe) u thy khi HBr thot ra: sau
phn ng A to ra 3 cht D, E, F cn B to ra 2 cht G, H.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
-----o
o-----
B Gio Dc V o To
giao )
Cu I:
1. a) Hy ch ra im sai mi cu hnh e- sau:
(1) 1s22s12p5
(2) 1s22s22p53s23p64s23d6
(3) 1s22s22p64p64s2
b) Vit li cho ng mi cu hnh trn. Mi cu hnh ng l cu hnh
ca ht no? Hy vit mt phng trnh phn ng chng minh tnh cht
ho hc in hnh ( nu c ) ca ht ?
2. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39.
S hiu ca nguyn t Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu ca nguyn t X v Z.
Nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t ny hu nh khng phn ng vi H2O iu kin
thng.
a)Hy xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t
ho hc. Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t v gi tn tng nguyn t.
b)So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t .
c) So snh tnh baz ca cc hiroxit.
d)Tm cch tch tng oxit ra khi hn hp oxit ca 3 nguyn t .
Cu II:
1.Khi ho tan SO2 vo H2O, c cc cn bng sau:
SO2 + H2O
(1)
H2SO3
+
H2SO3
(2)
H + HSO3
+
2HSO3
(3)
H + SO3
Nng ca SO2 cn bng thay i ra sao (c gii thch) mi trng hp sau:
a/ un nng dd.
b/ Thm HCl
c/ Thm NaOH
d/ Thm KMnO4
2. xc nh nhit sinh ca NO bng phng php nhit lng k, ngi ta lm hai th
nghim sau:
Th nghim 1: t pht pho trong lung kh NO, sau 12 thu c 1,508 gam H3PO4.
Th nghim 2: t pht pho trong hn hp ng th tch N 2, O2. Sau 10 thu c
2,123 gam H3PO4
*********************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************
ddNaOH,t E
(D cha 1 nguyn t Clo trong phn t, H c ng phn Cis-trans. Cc sn phm D,
E, G, H u l sn phm chnh)
a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D, E, G, H v vit cc ph ng trnh phn ng
xy ra.
b) So snh nhit nng chy ca B v C. Gii thch.
2. Heliotropin C8H6O3 (cht nh hng trong cng nghip hng liu) c iu ch t
cht safrol C10H10O2 (trong tinh du x x) bng cch ng phn ho safrol thnh
COOH
Isosafrol C10H10O2, sau oxi ho isosafrol nh cht oxi ho thch hp.
Vit cng thc
cu to ca Heliotropin, safrol v isosafrol. Bit rng heliotropin phn ng c vi
AgNO3 trong dd NH3 cho mui ca axit 3,4-metylen dioxiBenzoic
O
O CH2
*********************************************************************************************************************************
O3 + Cl
O2 + ClO
(b)
O + ClO
O2 + Cl
(c)
a) Gii thch v sao 1 phn t CF2Cl2 c th phn hu hng chc ngn phn t
Ozon?
b) Trong kh quyn c 1 lng nh kh Metan. Hin tng g xy ra ng thi vi
hin tng l thng ozon? Gii thch.
Cu V:
Tng th tch ( 0oC) ca Hirocacbon A (kh) v th tch va O 2 t chy
hon ton A bng 1/2 th tch ca cc sn phm chy 195 oC. Sau khi lm lnh n
0oC th tch ca cc sn phm chy cn bng 1/2 th tch ban u ca hn hp A v
O2. Cc th tch u o cng p sut.
1. Vit cng thc cu to A.
2. Thc hin phn ng tch Hiro t A thu c hn hp sn phm B. t chy hon
ton 4,032 lt B (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Dn 0,252 lt B (ktc) qua dd Br 2
lm cho khi lng dd nng thm 0,21 gam. Tnh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp B.
Gi s ch xy ra s tch Hiro.
B Gio Dc V o To
12
Ngy thi:
14/3/1997
(180 pht, khng k thi gian
giao )
Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu
Bng B: Khng lm phn V
Cu I:
1. Hy xp cc cng thc sau y theo th t tng dn s oxi ho ca N: N 2, NO,
NH3, N2O, NH2OH, HNO3, N2H4, NO2, HNO2.
Hy ch r nguyn nhn v cu to nguyn t N c s cc oxi ho .
2. Cho cc cht sau:
a)Na2CO3; b) KNO3; c) (NH4)2SO4; d) BaCl2; e) KHSO4
Gii thch tnh cht axit-baz ca cc dd nc ca cc cht trn. Cho bit gi tr c lng pH ca cc dd (pH > 7; < 7 hoc 7 ?).
3. tng trn ca kh quyn c lp ozon lm l chn bo v tri t khi tc hi
ca tia cc tm do mt
tri ri xung nh duy tr cn bng ho hc.
hv
O2 + O
O3
Gn y cn bng ny b ph v, l mt trong nhng hm ho v mi trng trn
tri t. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn l con ngi thi vo kh quyn mt lng ng k
NO v Cl (Cl do clo-flo cacbon t cc my lnh thot vo khng kh to ra hv CF 2Cl2
CF2Cl + Cl ); Cc kh ny lm xc tc cho qu trnh bin i O3 thnh O2.
Hy vit pt p (ring r v tng cng) chng minh vai tr xc tc ca Cl v NO.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu II:
KMnO4 l thuc th c dng xc nh nng cc mui st (II). Phn ng gia
KMnO4 v FeSO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 din ra theo s :
KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4
K2SO4 + MnO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O (1)
1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng (1) di dng phng trnh ion (k hiu phng
trnh ion l (2)).
2. Gi thit phn ng l thun nghch, hy thit lp biu thc hng s cn
bng ca phn ng da vo (2) theo nng cn bng ca cc cht.
3. Gi tr logarit hng s cn bng ca phn ng oxi ho-kh 25 oC dc tnh theo
lgK
biu thc:
= nE0
0.059
(E0 l hiu th in cc tiu chun ca cc cp cht phn ng, n l s electron
tham gia vo qu trnh oxi ho hoc kh trong phn ng).
Hy tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng theo (2).
0
o
0
Cho E MnO-4 /Mn 2+ = 1,51V; E Fe3+ /Fe2+ = 0,77V; E Cl2 /2Cl- = 1,36V
4. Trong mt hn hp gm c KMnO4 0,010M; H2SO4 0,500M; FO4 0,020M v
Fe2(SO4)3 0,005M.
Hy tnh nng cc ion khi phn ng kt thc.
5. Mi yu t sau y nh hng nh th no n (2):
a) Tng pH ca dung dch;
b) Thay H2SO4 bng HCl
c) Thm lng nh KSCN vo dung dch.
Cu III:
1. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau:
206
a)
?
+ 2He4
82Pb
17
17
b)
+?
9F
8O
239
c)
?
+ 2He4
94Pu
1
4
d)
+ ?
1H
2He
e)
? + 1D2
2 2He4
i vi mi nh lut bo ton dc p dng lp phng trnh trn, hy phn tch
mt v d minh ho.
2.a) Uran trong thin nhin cha 99,28% U238 (c thi gian bn hu l 4,5.10 9nm) v
0,72% U235 (c thi gian bn hu l 7,1.10 8nm). Tnh tc phn r mi ng v
trn trong 10gam U3O5 mi iu ch.
b) Mari v Pie Curi diu ch Ra 226 t qung Uran trong thin nhin. Ra 226 dc to ra t
ng v no trong hai ng v trn?
Cu IV:
1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi dn lng d kh H2S sc qua dung dch (c
pH 0,5) cha cc ion Ag+, Ba2+, Cr2O72-, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+.
2. C dd mui nitrat ca Mg2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ag+, Hg22+ (k hiu l dd 1).
Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong mi trng hp sau y:
a) Thm dd NaCl vo dd 1 ti khi kt ta c hon ton. Lc ly kt ta (k hiu a),
dd cn li (k hiu l dd2).
b) Ra kt ta a bng nc ri cho tc dng tip vi dd NH3 6M.
c) un cch thu ti nng dd 2, thm vo NH 4Cl rn, ri thm tip NH3 6M ti pH
9,0.
d) Cho kt ta thu dc c) tc dng vi NaOH 2M c mt t dd H2O2.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu V:
Xt phn ng N2(kh) + 3H2(kh)
2NH3(kh) (I)
1) Ti iu kin tiu chun i vi cc cht, T = 298K, c:
So = -197,9J.K-1; Ho = -91,8kJ.
Tnh Go v kt lun v kh nng xy ra phn ng (I).
2) Cng ti 298K, c PN2 = PH2 = 10,0atm; PNH3 = 1,0atm.
a) Tnh G = Go + 2,303RTlg Kp vi Kp = P2NH3/P3H2PN2 v R = 8,31 J.K-1.
b) Da vo cc s liu tnh c trn, gii thch mc xy ra phn ng (I) hai
trng hp 1) v 2). Kt qu c ph hp vi nguyn l L Satli hay khng? Ti
sao?
B Gio Dc V o To
giao )
Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu
Bng B: Khng lm cu VI
Cu I:
1. Hy cho bit kiu lai ho ca cc nguyn t v loi lin kt (, ) trong cc hp cht
sau:
Cl-CH2-CH =O; CH2=CH - CN; CH2 = C = O
2. Hy sp xp cc hp cht cho di y theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii
thch.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
(A); CH3-CH2-CH2OH
(B); CH3-CH2-CH2NH2
(C); (CH3)3CH
(D);
(CH3)3N (E).
3. C th thc hin c cc phn ng sau hay khng, v sao?
C2H5ONa + CH3COOH C2H5OH + CH3COONa (1)
NaNH2
+ CH4
CH3Na + NH3
(2)
Cu II:
1. Hp cht X cha 60% C, 4,44%H v 35,56%O trong phn t, dd nc ca X lm hng
qu tm. Thu phn X thu c axit axetic v axit o-hiroxibenzoic.
a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, bit MX = 180vC.
b) Tnh th tch va dd NaOH 0,5M phn ng hon ton vi 5,4g X.
2. Mannoz (monosaccarit) HOCH2-(CHOH)4-CH=O l ng phn ca glucoz. dng
vng 6 cnh mannoz ch khc glucoz ch nhm OH nguyn t C 2 nm cng pha
vi OH nguyn t C3.
Oxi ho mannoz bng dd HNO3 100oC thu c sn phm Y cha 41,38%C; 3,45%H
v 55,17%O. Y b thu phn c trong mi trng axit cng nh baz to ra axit
polihiroxiicacboxylic hoc mui tng ng.
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca Y, bit MY = 174 vC.
Cu III:
T mt loi tinh du ngi ta tch c cht A cha 76,92%C; 12,82%H v 10,26%O trong
phn t, MA = 156 vC. A cn c iu ch bng cch hiro ho xc tc cht 2isopropyl-5-metylphenol (B).
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1 mol
CH2
CH
COOH
NH2
N
H
Ar
H2SO4 85 % , 10 C
(A)
+ H2O
(B) h = 55%
*********************************************************************************************************************************
12
Ngy thi:
13/3/1998
(180 pht, khng k thi gian
giao )
Bng A: Lm tt c cc bi
Bng B: Khng lm nhng cu c du *
Bi I:
1. Trong thin nhin Brom c ch yu nc bin di dng NaBr. Cng nghip ho hc
iu ch Brom t nc bin theo qui trnh nh sau: Cho mt lng dd H2SO4 vo mt lng
nc bin; tip n sc kh Clo vo dd mi thu c; sau dng khng kh li cun
hi Brom vo dd Na2CO3 ti bo ho Brom. Cui cng cho H2SO4 vo dd bo ho
Brom, thu hi Brom ri ho lng.
Hy vit phng trnh cc phn ng ho hc ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh v
cho bit vai tr ca H2SO4.
2. Brom lng hay hi u rt c. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi
dng mt ho cht thng thng d kim hu ht lng Brom lng chng may b
lm , bo v mi trng.
Bi II:
Dng 94,96ml H2SO4 5% (D = 1,035g/ml) va tc dng ht vi 2,80 g cht X, thu c mui Y v cht Z.
1. X, Y, Z c th l nhng cht no? Hy gii thch c th v vit phng trnh
phn ng ho hc minh ho.
2. Nu sau qu trnh trn thu c 7,60 g mui Y th s c bao nhiu cht Z?
Bit rng X c th l mt trong cc cht: CaO, MgO, NaOH, KOH, Zn, Fe.
Bi III:
1.Tm phng trnh cho mi phn ng ho hc sau y:
a) K2Cr2O7 + ? + H2O Cr(OH)3 + S + NH3 + KOH
b) K2Cr2O7 + Na2SO3 + H2SO4 ? + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
c) K2Cr2O7 + (NH4)2S + ? + H2O K3[Cr(OH)6] + S + ?
2. Hy cho bit cht oxi ho trong mi phn ng trn. Da vo cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t, hy gii thch tnh cht oxi ho ca cht .
3*). Hy cho bit vai tr ca pH i vi cc phn ng ho hc trn trong s to thnh
cc sn phm cha crom.
Bi IV:
C s liu: in cc
Th in cc tiu chun (V) 25oC
+
H/H
-2,106.
Fe / Fe2+
-0.440.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Fe / Fe3+
-0.036.
+
H2 / 2H
0,000.
1. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng gia Fe vi axit HCl v dng s liu trn gii
thch kt qu ca phn ng .
2. Thc t dng tc nhn no trong s cc tc nhn: Fe, H, H 2, kh nitrobenzen
thnh anilin? Vit phng trnh phn ng v dng s liu trn gii thch.
3*). Hy ngh s trong c ch r lin h gia cc cht bng mi tn ()
da vo v dng s liu trn tnh c th in cc tiu chun ca qu trnh
Fe3+ Fe2+; k hiu tr s l x. Hy t x vo v tr thch hp trong dy s liu
m u bi a ra.
Bi V:
1. Hy so snh tan ca SO2 trong dd nc c cng nng ca cc cht sau:
a) NaCl; b) HCl;
c) NH4Cl;
d) Na2S.
2*). Dn t t SO2 qua mt lt dd Ca(OH)2 (dd A). Sau phn ng thu c dd c pH =
12,0 v kt ta CaSO3. Lc ly kt ta ri lm kh cn nng 1,200 gam.
a) Hy tnh th tch SO2 27,3oC, 1atm tan c vo dd A.
b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca Ca(OH)2 trong dd A.
3. Cho NaOH d vo dd X cha cc ion H +, Cr2O72-, Pb2+, Ba2+, NH4+. un nng dd ta s c kh mi khai bay ra v c kt ta vng.
Lc kt ta, ri cho tc dng vi dd HCl. Khi y ta c dd mu da cam v mt kt ta
mu trng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng gii thch cc hin tng.
B Gio Dc V o To
giao )
Bng A: lm tt c cc bi
Bng B: khng lm nhng cu c du*
Bi I:
1. Cho 4 dn xut clo ca hirocacbon, chng u c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl.
a) Vit cng thc cu to thu gn v gi tn 4 cht theo danh php thng dng v
IUPAC. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch.
b*) Cho dn xut clo mch khng nhnh trn tc dng vi clo (chiu sng) theo t l
mol 1:1. Trnh by c ch ca phn ng. Cho bit sn phm no chim t l cao
nht; gii thch.
2. Vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn ca:
a)
C3H5Cl
b)
ClCH =(C=)nCHCl, vi n = 1, 2, 3.
Bi II:
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to thnh sn phm chnh khi cho 1mol
hirocacbon A tc dng vi cc cht sau:
a) 1mol HNO3(c H2SO4c);
b) 1mol Br2(c chiu sng);
c) KMnO4c,d(un nng).
d*) Trnh by giai on quyt nh tc chung ca mi phn ng a)v b).
*********************************************************************************************************************************
H2, Ni, t C
a) C6H5 C C COOCH3
H2, Pd, PbCO3
o
b. b) p-CH3C6H4CH3 dd KMnO4 d ,t
o
c) o-CH3C6H4CH3 dd KMnO4 d ,t
C
dd HCl
G
dd HCl
o
d) o-BrCH2C6H4CH2Br
dd NaOH, t
o
D HOCH2 -CH2OH, t
C H OH(d )
H 2SO5
H
c, to
2 4
c,1400C
K H2SO4
COOH (Pro)
Bi IV:
1. Trong thuc l c cht anabazin v mt ng phn cu to ca n l nicotin (rt
c). Ngoi ra ngi ta cn tng hp c cht nicotirin c cu to tng t nicotin:
CH3
N
N
N
N
CH3
Nicotin
N
Anabazin
H
Nicotirin
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho mi hp cht trn tc dng vi HCl theo t
l mol 1:1. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn kh nng phn ng . Gii thch.
b) Trong s 3 hp cht trn, cht no c nhit si cao nht? Gii thch.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2. Oxi ho nicotin bng K2Cr2O7 trong dd H2SO4 thu c axit nicotinic dng iu
ch cc amit ca n l vitamin PP v coiamin (thuc cha bnh tim):
CONH2
C N(C2H5)2
O
N
Nicotiamit
Vitamin PP
Codiamin
CHO
CHO
H
HO
H
H
OH
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
(B)
H
HO
HO
H
OH
H
H
OH
CH2OH
(C)
Cho A tc dng vi mt lng d CH3I trong mi trng baz thu c sn phm D khng c
tnh kh. un nng D vi dd axit long thu c dn xut 2,3,6-tri-O-metyl ca B v dn
xut 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl ca C.
a) Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca B, C, A, D; bit rng trong
phn t A c lin kt - 1,4 - glicozit. Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
b) V sao dd mi ng phn ca A t bin i v []25D v cui cng u t gi
tr 52o? Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc cht trong dd gi tr []25D = 525 v vit
cng thc cu trc ca cc cht thnh phn .
2. Metyl ho hon ton cc nhm OH ca 3,24 gam amilopectin bng cch cho tc
dng vi CH3I trong mi trng baz, ri em thu phn hon ton (xc tc axit) th
*********************************************************************************************************************************
thu c 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3,4,6 - tetra - O - metylglucoz v 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3 - i - O metylglucoz; cn li l 2,3,6 - tri - O - metylglucoz.
a)Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca 3 sn phm trn v cho bit
xut x ca chng.
b) Cho bit t l phn trm cc gc glucoz nhng ch c nhnh ca phn t
amilopectin.
c) Tnh s mol 2,3,6 - tri - O - metylglucoz sinh ra trong phng th nghim trn.
B Gio Dc V o To
thi chnh thc
Cu 1:
Dung dch A gm cc cht tan FeCl 3, AlCl3, NH4Cl v CuCl2 (nng mi cht
xp x 0,1M).
1. Dung dch A c phn ng axit, baz, trung tnh ? Ti sao ?
2. Cho H2S li chm qua dung dch A cho n bo ho th thu c kt ta v
dung dch B. Hy cho bit thnh phn cc cht trong kt ta v trong dung dch B.
3. Thm dn NH3 vo dung dch B cho n d. C hin tng g xy ra ? Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng ion gii thch.
Cu 2:
1. Phtgen c dng lm cht clo ho rt tt cho phn ng tng hp hu c, c iu ch theo phng trnh:
CO(k) + Cl2(k)
;
Ho = -111,3 kJ.mol-1
COCl2(k)
Magi c iu ch theo phng trnh:
MgO(r) + C(r)
;
Ho = 491,0 kJ.mol-1
Mg(r) + CO(k)
Cn tc ng nh th no vo nhit v p sut ring phn ca kh mi phn
ng trn thu c nhiu sn phm hn? Ti sao phi tc ng nh vy ?
2.Thc nghim cho bit ti 25oC tc tiu th kh NO trong phn ng iu
ch nitrozoni clorua kh :
2NO (k) + Cl2 (k)
(1)
2NOCl (k)
-4
-1 -1
o
bng 3,5.10 mol.l s . Hy tnh tc (ti 298 K):
a) Ca phn ng (1)
b) Tiu th kh Cl2
c) To thnh NOCl (k)
Cu 3:
ClO2 l cht ho cht c dng ph bin trong cng nghip. Thc nghim cho
bit:
1.a/ Dung dch long ClO2 trong nc khi gp nh sng s to ra HCl, HClO3.
b/ Trong dung dch kim (nh NaOH) ClO2 nhanh chng to ra hn hp mui
clorit v clorat natri.
2.c/ ClO2 c iu ch nhanh chng bng cch cho hn hp KClO 3, H2C2O4 tc
dng vi H2SO4 long.
d/ Trong cng nghip ClO2 c iu ch bng cch cho NaClO3 tc dng vi
SO2 c mt H2SO4 4M.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu I:
1. Hy gi tn v sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii
thch cch sp xp :
(CH3)4C
;
CH3(CH2)4CH3 ; (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH
;
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3
2. Hy cho bit cc phn ng di y thuc loi phn ng no (oxi ho, kh hoc phn
ng khc)?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
CrO3 ,piridin
(1)
a. CH3CH2OH
b. CH4
(1)
(2)
CH3OH (2)
LiAlH
c. CH3CH2OH TiCl 4
4
d.
e.
CHO
H CrO
CH3CH=O 2(2) 4
H-COOH (3)
CH3COOH
H-CH=O (4)
H2CO3
CH3CH3
CH3OH, H+
CH(OCH3)2 + H2O
Br
+ Br 2
Br
f.
Br
+ HBr
Cu II:
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to thnh A, B, C, D, M, N (vit dng cng thc cu
to) theo s sau:
o
CH3OH, HCl khan
a) BrCH2CH2CH2CH =O
A
B
dd NaOH,t
b) BrCH2CH2CH2COOH
1) dd NaOH, to
2) dd HCl
Br2 , H2O
+ o
C
H ,t
+ o
c) HOCH2(CHOH)4CH =O
M
H ,t N
*********************************************************************************************************************************
B Gio Dc V o To
thi chnh thc
giao )
Cu I:
1) Cho cc cht sau: HNO 3, Cu, Fe, Na, S, C, NaNO 3, Cu(NO3)2, NH4NO3. Hy vit tt c
cc phng trnh phn ng c th to ra kh NO2, ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c).
2) Mui amoni v mui kim loi kim ging v khc nhau c bn nhng im no?
Nu ra mt vi th d c th.
3) Trong phng th nghim ho hc c 8 l ho cht mt nhn ng ring bit cc dd:
NaCl; NaNO3; MgCl2; Mg(NO3)2; AlCl3; Al(NO3)3; CrCl3;Cr(NO3)3. Bng phng php ho
hc, lm th no nhn bit c mi dd? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi
iu kin (nu c)
4) Hy hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau y (c nh lut bo
ton no c dng khi hon thnh phng trnh trn ?)
*********************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************
-----o
B Gio Dc V o To
o-----
Bng A
thi chnh thc
14/3/2000
Ngy thi:
(180 pht, khng k thi
gian giao )
Cu I:
Cho s sau:
A
n - Butan
axeton
1,4-ibrom-2-buten
550-6000C
B1
D1
C1
1)CH2
A1
B2
Mg
ete khan
C2
glixerin trinitrat
CH2
O
2) H3O +
D2
isoamylaxetat
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu III:
COOH
HOOC - CH2 - C - CH2 - COOH
1) Axit xitric hay l axit limonic
OH
3,13
c cc gi tr pKa l 4,76;
v 6,40. Hy gi tn axit ny theo danh php IUPAC v ghi (c gii thch) tng gi tr
pKa vo nhm chc thch hp.
2) un nng axit xitric ti 176oC thu c axit aconitic (C6H6O6). Kh axit aconitic sinh ra
axit tricacbalylic (hay l axit propan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic). Nu tip tc un nng axit
aconitic s thu c hn hp gm axit itaconic (C5H6O4, khng c ng phn hnh hc)
v axit xitraconic (C5H6O4 c ng phn hnh hc); hai axit ny chuyn ho ngay
thnh cc hp cht mch vng cng c cng thc phn t C5H4O3.
Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra di dng cc cng thc cu to v cho bit axit
aconitic c ng phn hnh hc hay khng?
3)Ngi ta c th tng hp axit xitric xut pht t axeton v cc ho cht v c cn
thit. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu IV:
1) X l mt isaccarit khng kh c AgNO3 trong dd amoniac. Khi thu phn X sinh
ra sn phm duy nht l M (D-andoz, c cng thc vng dng ). M ch khc Driboz cu hnh nguyn t C2.
H O
CH OH
CH I
HCl3 xt N baz 3xt Q xt 2H+ dn xut 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl ca M
M
a. Xc nh cng thc ca M, N, Q v X (dng vng phng).
b. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra.
2) t chy 0,2 mol hp cht A thuc loi tp chc thu c 26,2 gam kh CO2; 12,6 gam
hi H2O v 2,24 lt kh N2 (ktc). Nu t chy 1 mol A cn 3,75 mol O2.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.
b. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn ca A. Bit rng A c tnh cht l ng tnh, phn
ng vi axit nit gii phng nit; vi ancol etylic c axit lm xc tc to thnh hp cht
c cng thc C5H11O2N. Khi un nng A chuyn thnh hp cht vng c cng thc
C6H10N2O2. Hy vit y cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi iu kin (nu
c). A c ng phn loi g?
Cu V:
1) C 5 l ng ring bit cc cht: cumen hay l isopropylbenzen (A), ancol benzylic
(B), anisol hay l metyl phenyl ete (C), benzanehit (D) v axit benzoic (E). Bit (A),
(B), (C), (D) l cc cht lng.
a. Hy sp xp th t tng dn nhit si, gii thch.
b. Trong qu trnh bo qun cc cht trn, c 1 l ng cht lng thy xut hin tinh
th. Hy gii thch hin tng bng phng trnh phn ng ho hc.
c. Hy cho bit cc cp cht no ni trn c th phn ng vi nhau. Vit cc ph ng
trnh phn ng v ghi iu kin (nu c).
2) Trong qu trnh iu ch metyl tert-butyl ete (MTBE) t ancol, ngi ta thu c
thm 2 sn phm khc.
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch MTBE t hirocacbon.
b. Vit cng thc cu to 2 sn phm ni trn.
c. Vit cng thc cu to cc sn phm sinh ra v phng trnh phn ng khi cho
MTBE tc dng vi HI.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
B Gio Dc V o To
thi chnh thc
Cu I (4 im):
1. Phng php sunfat c th iu ch c cht no: HF , HCl , HBr , HI ? Nu c
cht khng iu ch c bng phng php ny, hy gii thch ti sao?
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin (nu c) minh ho.
2. Trong dy oxiaxit ca clo, axit hipoclor l quan trng nht. axit hipoclor c
cc tnh cht: a) Tnh axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic; b) C tnh oxi ho mnh
lit; c) Rt d b phn tch khi c nh sng mt tri, khi un nng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho cc tnh cht .
3. C cc dung dch (b mt nhn) : a) BaCl2 ; b) NH4Cl ; c) K2S ; d) Al2(SO4)3 ; e)
MgSO4 ; g) KCl ; h) ZnCl2 . c dng thm dung dch phenolphtalein (khong pH chuyn
mu t 8 - 10) hoc metyl da cam (khong pH chuyn mu t 3,1 - 4,4).
Hy nhn bit mi dung dch trn, vit cc phng trnh ion (nu c) gii
thch.
4. Tm cch loi sch tp cht kh c trong kh khc v vit cc phng trnh
phn ng xy ra: a) CO c trong CO2 ; b) H2S c trong HCl ; c) HCl c trong H2S ;
d) HCl c trong SO2 ; e) SO3 c trong SO2 .
Cu II (3,5 im):
1. Hy dng k hiu lng t biu din cc trng hp s lng electron trong mt
obitan nguyn t.
2. Mi phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong ,
s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X
t hn s ht mang in ca Y l 76.
a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY3 .
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.
c) Da vo phn ng oxi ho - kh v phn ng trao i, hy vit phng trnh
phn ng (ghi r iu kin, nu c) cc trng hp xy ra to thnh XY3.
Cu III (5 im):
1. Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng a) , b) sau y. Cho bit cc cp oxi ho
- kh lin quan n phn ng v so snh cc gi tr Eo ca chng.
a) Zn[Hg(SCN)4] + IO3- + ClICl + SO42- + HCN + Zn2+ + Hg2+
b) Cu(NH3)m2+ + CN- + OHCu(CN)2- +
CNO- +
H2O
2. Dung dch X c cht tan l mui M(NO 3)2 . Ngi ta dng 200ml dung dch
K3PO4 va phn ng vi 200ml dung dch X, thu c kt ta M3(PO4)2 v dung dch
Y. Khi lng kt ta ( c sy kh) khc khi lng M(NO3)2 ban u l 6,825 gam.
in phn 400 ml dung dch X bng dng in I = 2 ampe ti khi thy khi lng
catt khng tng thm na th dng, c dung dch Z. Gi thit s in phn c
hiu sut 100%.
a) Hy tm nng ion ca dung dch X, dung dch Y, dung dch Z. Cho bit
cc gn ng phi chp nhn khi tnh nng dung dch Y, dung dch Z.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
C Kp = 50 .
a) Hy cho bit n v ca tr s v gii thch: hng s cn bng Kp ny phi
c n v nh vy.
b) Tnh phn trm theo th tch SO 2Cl2(kh) cn li khi (1) t ti cn bng
iu kin cho.
c) Ban u dng 150 mol SO2Cl2(kh), tnh s mol Cl2(kh) thu c khi (1) t ti
cn bng.
Cc kh c coi l kh l tng.
2. a) Tnh in li ca dung dch CH3NH2 0,010M.
b) in li thay i ra sao khi
- Pha long dung dch ra 50 ln.
- Khi c mt NaOH 0,0010M.
- Khi c mt CH3COOH 0,0010M.
- Khi c mt HCOONa 1,00M.
+
Bit:
CH3NH2 + H+
;
K = 1010,64
CH3NH3
CH3COO + H+
CH3COOH
;
K = 10-4,76
Cu V(3,5 im):
Phn ng
S2O82- + 2 I 2 SO42- + I2
(1)
c kho st bng thc nghim nh sau: Trn dung dch KI vi dung dch h tinh bt,
dung dch S2O32- ; sau thm dung dch S2O82- vo dung dch trn. Cc dung dch
u c nng ban u thch hp.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra; ti sao dung dch t khng mu
chuyn sang mu xanh lam?
2. Ngi ta thu c s liu sau y:
Thi gian th nghim(theo
Nng I- (theo mol . l -1)
giy)
0
1,000
20
0,752
50
0,400
80
0,010
Dng s liu , hy tnh tc trung bnh ca phn ng (1).
B Gio Dc V o To
thi chnh thc
Cu I (5 im):
1. Xut pht t brombenzen cha 14 C v tr 1 v cc ho cht v c cn thit
khng cha 14 C, hy iu ch cc hp cht thm cha 14 C v tr 3 :
a) Anilin ;
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cc
A
B
C
Cho bit mi vt cht c trng cho protit no ? Gii thch.
2. Khi thu phn hon ton 1 mol tripeptit X thu c 2 mol axit glutamic
( HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH ), 1 mol alanin ( CH3CH(NH2)COOH ) v 1 mol NH3. X khng
phn ng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen v X ch c mt nhm cacboxyl t do. Thu phn X
nh enzim cacboxipeptiaza thu c alanin v mt ipeptit Y.
Vit cng thc cu to ca X , Y v gi tn chng.
Cu IV (4,5 im):
Melexitoz (C18H32O16) l ng khng kh, c trong mt ong. Khi thu phn
hon ton 1 mol melexitoz bng axit s nhn c 2 mol D-glucoz v 1 mol Dfructoz. Khi thu phn khng hon ton s nhn c D-glucoz v isaccarit
turanoz. Khi thu phn nh enzim mantaza s to thnh D-glucoz v D-fructoz,
cn khi thu phn nh enzim khc s nhn c saccaroz.
Metyl ho 1 mol melexitoz ri thu phn s nhn c 1 mol 1,4,6-tri-O-metyl-Dfructoz v 2 mol 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-glucoz.
1. Hy vit cng thc cu trc ca melexitoz. Vit cng thc cu trc v gi tn
h thng ca turanoz.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
thi chnh thc
*********************************************************************************************************************************
N
9
CH=CH2
C HOH
l ng phn lp th C9 ca xinconin (Y).
N
1. Hy ghi du vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i v khoanh vng trn nguyn t
nit c tnh baz mnh nht trong phn t X.
2. Cho t t dung dch HBr vo X nhit phng ri un nng nh, sinh ra cc
sn phm chnh l A (C19H23BrON2) , B (C19H24Br2ON2) , C (C19H25Br3ON2) , v
D (C19H24Br4N2). Ch ho D vi dung dch KOH trong ru 90o thu c E (C19H20N2)
Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A , B , C , D , E. Ghi du vo mi nguyn t
cacbon bt i trong phn t D v E.
Cu III (5 im):
1. Cho hn hp ng phn t gm axit benzoic v axit p-metoxibenzoic tc
dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c.
Vit cng thc cu to hai sn phm mononitro chnh v cho bit cht no to
thnh vi s mol nhiu hn? Hy so snh tnh axit ca cc cht gm hai axit u v
hai sn phm, gii thch.
2. C cc hp cht sau:
H 3NCH2COO (A)
, H2NCH2CONH2(B) , H2N-CONH2 (C) , CH3CHOHCOOH (D). Cho bit tng hp cht trn thuc loi hp cht c chc
hu c no? Vit phng trnh phn ng ca tng hp cht trn vi :
a) Dung dch HCl (d, nng)
;
b) Dung dch NaOH (d, nng).
Cu IV (4,5 im):
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch D-fructoz t D-glucoz, bit rng
D-glucozazon khi tc dng vi benzanehit to thnh ozon ca D-glucoz
(HOCH2(CHOH)3COCHO).
2. Chitin (tch t v tm, cua...) c coi nh l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong
cc nhm hiroxyl cc nguyn t C2 c thay th bng cc nhm axetylamino
( -NH-CO-CH3 ).
d) Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch ca phn t chitin.
e) Gi tn mt mt xch ca chitin.
c) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi un nng chitin vi dung dch HCl
c (d), un nng chitin vi dung dch NaOH c (d).
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu V (2 im):
1. Clorofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b oxi ha thnh photgen
rt c. nga c ngi ta bo qun clorofom bng cch cho thm mt lng nh
ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c.
Vit phng trnh phn ng oxi ha clorofom bng oxi khng kh thnh
photgen, phn ng ca photgen vi ancol etylic v gi tn sn phm.
2. un nng vi git clorofom vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi
git dung dch KMnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc phng trnh phn
ng v gii thch s xut hin mu xanh.
b gio dc v o to
Cu I :
1. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc
iu kin cn thit thu c Cr.
2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc phng trnh
ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t:
a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl.
b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng.
3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh phng trnh ho hc sau:
a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ?
K2CrO4 + NO
b) NaNO2 + ?
+ NaI
I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O
c) HNO3 + P2O5
? + N2O5
Cu II :
1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit baz hy gii thch tnh axit baz
trong dung dch nc ca cc cht sau:
a) BaCl2
;
b) K2S
;
c) NH4HS
;
d) NaHSO3
2. Hy trnh by 3 th nghim minh ho tnh cht axit baz trong mi dung
dch : a) NH4HSO4
;
b) Na2CO3 (m t cch th nghim v gii thch).
3. Cho NaOH (d) vo hn hp X gm c Zn 2+ ; Pb2+ ; Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ;
Mg2+ ;
NO3- s c kt ta A v dung dch B.
Hy nu phng php ho hc xc nhn cc cht c mt trong kt ta A v
dung dch B(nu r nhn bit) Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu III :
1. Thm dn dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha H + 0,100M ; Fe3+ 1,0.10-3M
v Mg2+ 0,100M cho n d. Cho bit c hin tng g xy ra?
2. Gi s tng nng NaOH cho vo l 0,2030 M. Hy tnh nng cc ion
trong dung dch (khi tnh khng k s to phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi).
Cho: Tch s tan Mg(OH)2: 10 10,95
Fe(OH)3 : 10 37,5.
Cu IV :
1. Hai mui ca cng mt axit lm i mu khc nhau i vi giy qu tm, to
kt ta trng vi nc vi trong v to kt ta vng vi dung dch AgNO 3 l nhng mui
no? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
Cu I :
1. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc
iu kin cn thit thu c Cr.
2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc phng trnh
ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t:
a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl.
b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng.
3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh phng trnh ho hc sau:
a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ?
K2CrO4 + NO
b) NaNO2 + ?
+ NaI
I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O
c) HNO3 + P2O5
? + N2O5
Cu II :
1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit-baz hy gii thch tnh axit-baz trong
dung dch nc ca cc cht sau:
a) BaCl2
;
b) K2S
;
c) NH4HS
;
d) NaHSO3
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
Cu I :
1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca:
a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi :
- Dung dch NaHCO3
- Dung dch Na2CO3
Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3
b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2
2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc
cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau:
CH3OH(dung mi)
a)
C6H5CH=CH2
+
Br2
A
+
B
H2SO4 , to
b)
C6H5CH=CH2
C(C16H16)
Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b).
COOH
*********************************************************************************************************************************
f) C6H5ONa
CO2
M
6 at, 125oC
H+
(CH3CO)2O
OCOCH3
(Aspirin)
Cu II :
Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit
phn t khi ca X l 180.
X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm
hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng
cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3).
E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh c AgNO3. X , B , v E
tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3.
A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long
ngui v brom long.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X.
2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn
c pKa gn thp nht.
3. Dng cc cng thc cu to thu gn vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Gii thch ti sao sinh ra hai ng phn ca B.
4. Gi tn X , B1 , E.
Cu III :
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn
phm to thnh.
2. Nu xut pht t (S)-sec-butyl clorua th s nhn c bao nhiu hp cht
quang hot? Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn theo danh php R , S.
3. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm :
Cl2 (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol)
HN(C2H5)2
Fe, HCl
a)
Benzen (1 mol)
A
B
C
D
AlCl3
H2SO4
CH3I (1 mol)
HNO3 (1 mol)
Fe, HCl
G
b) Phenol (1 mol)
E
F
ClCH2COOH
H
Cu IV :
Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi
dung dch KMnO4 trong nc th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng
phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng.
2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit pmetoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng.
3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a)
Br2/ CCl4
;
b) HCl
;
c) Cl2 + H2O
4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol thng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001
thi d b
Mn : ho hc Bng B
Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi th hai : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)
Cu I :
1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca:
a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi :
- Dung dch NaHCO3
- Dung dch Na2CO3
Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3
b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2
2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc
cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau:
CH3OH(dung mi)
a)
C6H5CH=CH2
+
Br2
A
+
B
H2SO4 , to
b)
C6H5CH=CH2
C(C16H16)
Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b).
COOH
CO2
H+
(CH3CO)2O
OCOCH3
g) C6H5ONa
M
6 at, 125oC
(Aspirin)
Cu II :
Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit
phn t khi ca X l 180.
X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm
hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng
cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3).
E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh c AgNO3. X , B , v E
tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3.
A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nhng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long
ngui v bom long.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X.
2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn
c pKa gn thp nht.
Cu III :
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn
phm to thnh.
2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm :
Cl2 (1 mol)
HNO3 (1 mol)
HN(C2H5)2
Fe, HCl
a) Benzen (1 mol)
A
B
C
D
AlCl3
H2SO4
CH3I (1 mol)
HNO3 (1 mol)
Fe, HCl
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b) Phenol (1 mol)
F
ClCH2COOH
H
Cu IV :
Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi
dung dch KMnO4 trong nc th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng
phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng.
2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit pmetoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng.
3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a)
Br2/ CCl4
;
b) HCl
;
c) Cl2 + H2O
4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol thng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.
b gio dc v o to
a.s.
ete khan
2) H2O/H+
15OC
(1 mol)
a.s.
G 1 + G2
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1.
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2001-2002
thi chnh thc
Mn : ho hc Bng A
Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi :
12 / 3 / 2002
Cu I: (5 im).
1. Liu php phng x c ng dng rng ri cha ung th. C s ca liu php
l s bin i ht nhn.
59
+ 0 n1
X?
(1)
27Co
60
X? 28Ni + ... ;
h = 1,25 MeV
(2)
(a) Hy hon thnh phng trnh ca s bin i ht nhn trn v nu r nh
lut no c p dng hon thnh phng trnh.
(b) Hy cho bit im khc nhau gia phn ng ht nhn vi phn ng oxi ho-kh
(ly th d t phn ng (2) v phn ng Co + Cl2 CoCl2).
2. C cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
(1)
(a) Dng k hiu lng t biu din cu hnh electron (1).
(b) Cu hnh electron (1) l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion ? Ti sao ?
(c) Cho bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca ion hay nguyn t ng vi cu hnh
electron (1), hy vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ha.
Z2
3. Bit En = -13,6. 2 (n: s lng t chnh, Z: s n v in tch ht nhn).
n
(a) Tnh nng lng1e trong trng lc mt ht nhn ca mi h N6+, C5+, O7+.
(b) Qui lut lin h gia E n vi Z tnh c trn phn nh mi lin h no gia ht
nhn vi electron trong cc h ?
(c) Tr s nng lng tnh c c quan h vi nng lng ion ho ca mi h trn hay
khng ? Tnh nng lng ion ho ca mi h.
4. p dng thuyt lai ho gii thch kt qu ca thc nghim xc nh c BeH2, CO2
u l phn t thng.
Cu II: (6 im).
1. Bit th oxi ho-kh tiu chun :
EoCu2+/Cu+ = +0,16V, EoCu+/Cu = +0,52V, Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77V, EoFe2+/Fe = -0,44V
Hy cho bit hin tng g xy ra trong cc trng hp sau:
(a) Cho bt st vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M.
(b) Cho bt ng vo dung dch CuSO4 1M.
2. Dung dch X gm Na2S 0,010M, KI 0,060M, Na2SO4 0,050M.
(a) Tnh pH ca dung dch X.
(b) Thm dn Pb(NO3)2 vo dung dch X cho n nng 0,090M th thu c kt
ta A v dung dch B.
i
Cho bit thnh phn ho hc ca kt ta A v dung dch B.
ii
Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch B (khng k s thu phn ca cc
ion, coi th tch dung dch khng thay i khi thm Pb(NO3)2).
iii
Nhn bit cc cht c trong kt ta A bng phng php ho hc, vit cc
phng trnh phn ng (nu c).
(c) Axit ho chm dung dch X n pH = 0. Thm FeCl3 cho n nng 0,10M.
i
Tnh th ca cc platin nhng trong dung dch thu c so vi cc calomen
bo ho (Hg2Cl2/2Hg,2Cl-).
ii
Biu din s pin, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc
v phn ng tng qut khi pin hot ng.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cho : axit c H2S pK1 = 7,00, pK2 = 12,90; HSO4- c pK = 2,00; Tch s tan ca
PbS = 10-26 ; PbSO4 = 10-7,8 ; PbI2 = 10-7,6.
Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 V ; Eo S/H2S = 0,14V ; Eo I2/2I- = 0,54V ; Ecal bo ho = 0,244V
Cu III: (3 im).
Cho dng in 0,5A i qua dung dch mui ca mt axit hu c trong 2 gi.
Kt qu sau qu trnh in phn l trn catt to ra 3,865 gam mt kim loi v trn
ant c kh etan v kh cacbonic thot ra.
1. Cho bit mui ca kim loi no b in phn? Bit rng 5,18 gam ca kim loi
y c 1,59 gam Cu t dung dch ng sunfat.
2. Cho bit mui ca axit hu c no b in phn?
3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc.
Cu IV: (2,5 im).
Ti 25oC phn ng 2 N2O5 (k)
4 NO2 (k) + O2 (k) c hng s tc k = 1,8.10 5
-1
. s ; biu thc tnh tc phn ng v = k.CN 2O5. Phn ng trn xy ra trong bnh
kn th tch 20,0 lit khng i. Ban u lng N2O5 cho va y bnh. thi im
kho st, p sut ring ca N2O5 l 0,070 atm . Gi thit cc kh u l kh l tng.
1. Tnh tc : a) tiu th N2O5 ; b) hnh thnh NO2 ; O2.
2. Tnh s phn t N2O5 b phn tch sau 30 giy.
3. Nu phn ng trn c phng trnh N2O5 (k)
2 NO 2 (k) + 1/2 O2 (k) th tr
s tc phn ng, hng s tc phn ng c thay i khng? Gii thch.
Cu V: (3,5 im).
Kh NO kt hp vi hi Br2 to ra mt kh duy nht trong phn t c 3 nguyn t.
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2. Bit phn ng trn thu nhit, ti 25oC c Kp = 116,6. Hy tnh Kp (ghi r n v) ti
0oC ; 50oC. Gi thit rng t s gia hai tr s hng s cn bng ti 0 oC vi 25oC hay
25oC vi 50oC u bng 1,54.
3. Xt ti 25oC, cn bng ho hc c thit lp. Cn bng s chuyn dch nh
th no? Nu:
a) Tng lng kh NO.
b) Gim lng hi Br2.
c) Gim nhit .
d) Thm kh N2 vo h m:
- Th tch bnh phn ng khng i (V = const)
- p sut chung ca h khng i (P = const).
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2. Phn t HF v phn t H 2O c momen lng cc, phn t khi gn bng nhau (HF
1,91
Debye, H2O 1,84 Debye, MHF 20, MH2O 18); nhng nhit nng chy ca hiroflorua
l
830C thp hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca nc l 00C, hy gii thch v
sao?
Cu II:
1. Trong phng th nghim c cc dung dch b mt nhn: AlCl3, NaCl, KOH, Mg(NO3)2,
Pb(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3. Dng thm mt thuc th, hy nhn bit mi dung dch.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c).
2. Dung dch bo ha H2S c nng 0,100 M. Hng s axit ca H2S: K1 = 1,0 x 10-7
v
K2 = 1,3 x 10-13.
a) Tnh nng ion sunfua trong dung dch H2S 0,100 M khi iu chnh pH = 2,0.
b) Mt dung dch A cha cc cation Mn2+, Co2+, v Ag+ vi nng ban u ca mi
ion
u bng 0,010 M. Ho tan H2S vo A n bo ho v iu chnh pH = 2,0 th ion
no to
kt ta.
Cho: TMnS = 2,5 x 10-10 ; TCoS = 4,0 x 10 21 ; TAg2S = 6,3 x 10-50
3. Kim loi A phn ng vi phi kim B to hp cht C mu vng cam. Cho 0,1 mol hp
cht C phn ng vi CO2 (d) to thnh hp cht D v 2,4 gam B. Ha tan hon ton D
vo nc, dung dch D phn ng ht 100 ml dung dch HCl 1 M gii phng 1,12 l kh
CO2 (ktc). Hy xc nh A, B, C, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit
hp
cht C cha 45,07 % B theo khi lng; hp cht D khng b phn tch khi nng chy.
Cu III:
Phng trnh phn ng iot ho axeton trong dung dch c xc tc axit:
CH3 C CH3
I2
H
CH3 C CH2I + HI
O
(A)
(B)
CH3 C CH3 v CH3 C = CH2
+
OH
OH
(E)
(F)
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Ngy thi :
13 / 3 / 2003
Cu I:
1. Khi c mt enzim aconitaza, axit aconitic b hidrat ha to thnh axit A khng
quang hot v axit B quang hot theo mt cn bng:
COOH
H2O
HOOC
H2O
A
B
C
C
(C6H8O7)
(C6H8O7)
CH2COOH
H
6%
90%
Axit aconitic
4%
a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B, ghi tn y ca chng v ca axit aconitic
theo danh php IUPAC. Axit A c pKa: 3,1 ; 4,8 ; 6,4. Ghi cc gi tr pKa bn cnh nhm
chc thch hp.
b) Vit s iu ch A t axeton v cc cht v c cn thit.
2. Ozon phn mt tecpen A (C10H16) thu c B c cu to nh sau:
.
CH3 C CH2 CH
CH CH2 CH O
O
H3C
CH3
*********************************************************************************************************************************
COCl2 + CH3OH
C2H3O2Cl
C6 H5 NH 2
HOSO 2 Cl
C8H8O4NSCl
NH3
C6H8O2N2S.
b) Gii thch hng ca phn ng to thnh C8H8O4NSCl v C6H8O2N2S.
H 3O
Cu IV:
TRF l tn vit tt mt homon iu khin hot ng ca tuyn gip. Thy phn
hon ton 1 mol TRF thu c 1 mol mi cht sau:
N
CH2-CH-COOH
NH3 ;
; HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH ;
NH2
COOH
NH2
N
N
(Pro)
(His)
(Glu)
H
H
Trong hn hp sn phm thy phn khng hon ton TRF c dipeptit His-Pro. Ph khi
lng cho bit phn t khi ca TRF l 362 vC. Phn t TRF khng cha vng ln
hn 5 cnh.
1. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to v vit cng thc Fis ca TRF.
2. i vi His ngi ta cho pKa1 = 1,8 ; pKa2 = 6,0 ; pKa3 = 9,2. Hy vit cc cn bng
in ly v ghi cho mi cn bng mt gi tr pKa thch hp. Cho 3 biu thc:
pHI = (pKa1+pKa2+pKa3) : 3 ; pHI = (pKa1+pKa2) : 2 ; pHI = (pKa2+pKa3) : 2 ;
biu thc no ng vi His, v sao?
3. Hy ngh s phn ng vi y iu kin tng hp axit (D, L)
glutamic t hidrocacbon cha khng qu 2 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t.
Cu V:
isaccarit X (C12H22O11) khng tham gia phn ng trng bc, khng b thy phn
bi enzim mantaza nhng b thy phn bi enzim emulsin. Cho X phn ng vi CH3I ri
thy phn th ch c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-guloz. Bit rng: D-guloz l ng
phn cu hnh C3 v C4 ca D-glucoz; mantaza xc tc cho s thy phn ch lin
kt -glicozit, cn emulsin xc tc cho s thy phn ch lin kt -glicozit.
1. Vit cng thc lp th ca X.
2. Deoxi- D-guloz A (C6H12O5) c chuyn ha theo 2 hng sau:
HIO4
CH3OH, H
1) LiAlH4
2) H2O
H3O+
Glixerin, 3-hidroxipropanal
B
HBr
C6H11BrO4 (E)
KOH
a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
b) Vit cng thc cu to ca B, C, D, E, F.
c) Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht c trong hn hp G, bit phn t khi ca
chng u ln hn 160 v nh hn 170 vC.
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Ngy thi :
11 / 3 / 2004
Cu I
1. Vit phng trnh ho hc cho mi trng hp sau:
a) Cho kh amoniac (d) tc dng vi CuSO4.5H2 O.
b) Trong mi trng baz, H2O2 oxi ho Mn2+ thnh MnO2.
c) Trong mi trng axit, H2O2 kh MnO4- thnh Mn2+.
2. Trong s cc phn t v ion: CH2Br2, F - , CH2O, Ca2+, H3As, (C2 H5 )2O , phn t
v ion no c th to lin kt hiro vi phn t nc? Hy gii thch v vit s m
t s hnh thnh lin kt .
3. a) U238 t phn r lin tc thnh mt ng v bn ca ch. Tng cng c 8 ht
c phng ra trong qu trnh . Hy gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng
chung ca qu trnh ny.
b) Uran c cu hnh electron [Rn]5f36d17s2. Nguyn t ny c bao nhiu
electron c thn? C th c mc oxi ho cao nht l bao nhiu?
c) UF6 l cht lng d bay hi c ng dng ph bin tch cc ng v
uran. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng c UF6 c to thnh khi cho UF4 tc dng vi
ClF3.
Cu II
1. Trong nguyn t hoc ion dng tng ng c t 2 electron tr ln, electron
chuyn ng trong trng lc c to ra t ht nhn nguyn t v cc electron khc.
Do mi trng thi ca mt cu hnh electron c mt tr s nng lng. Vi nguyn t
Bo (s n v in tch ht nhn Z = 5) trng thi c bn c s liu nh sau:
Cu hnh electron
1s1
1s2
1s22s1
Nng lng
(theo eV)
- 340,000
- 600,848
- 637,874
Cu hnh electron
1s22s2
1s22s22p1
Nng lng
(theo eV)
- 660,025
- 669,800
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
thi chnh thc
Cu I
1. 3-metylbuten-1 tc dng vi axit clohidric to ra cc sn phm, trong c A l 2clo-3-metylbutan v B l 2-clo-2-metylbutan. Bng c ch phn ng, hy gii thch s
to thnh hai sn phm A v B.
1. 2. 2-metylbuten-2 phn ng vi axit clohidric. Trnh by c ch ca
phn ng, cho bit sn phm chnh v gii thch?
3. Trong phn ng clo ho nh cht xc tc FeCl 3 , kh nng phn ng tng i cc
v tr khc nhau trong cc phn t biphenyl v benzen nh sau:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
250
250
790
1
790
250
250
1
1
Xiclohexanol HBr
1. Li
2. CuI
3.
Br
CH2
CH2
NBr
O
N H /O
B (NBS) C 2 4 2
D KOH
C2H5OH
Vit
cng thc cc sn phm hu c A, B, C v D.
3. T axetilen v cc ho cht v c cn thit, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng to
ra p-(imetylamino)azobenzen:
CH3
CH3
Cu III
Monosaccarit A (t l glicoz A) c tn l (2S,3R , 4S , 5R)-2,3,4,5,6pentahiroxihexanal. Khi un nng ti 1000C, A b tch nc sinh ra sn phm B c tn
l 1,6anhiroglicopiranoz. Dglucoz khng tham gia phn ng ny. T A c th
nhn c cc sn phm E (C5H10O5) v G (C5H8O7) theo s phn ng:
Br2
H2O
CaCO3
H2O2
HNO3
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2+
o 4 / Mn
MnO
Cho bit: E
= 1,51 V ; E ca in cc calomen bo ho bng 0,244
V;
25oC, lnRT = 0,0592 lg ; tan ca it trong nc bng 5,0.10 4 M.
Cu 5 (2,5 im):
Cc vi ht c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng: 3s1, 3s2, 3p3, 3p6 l nguyn
t hay ion? Ti sao?
Hy dn ra mt phn ng ho hc (nu c) minh ho tnh cht ho hc c
trng ca mi vi ht.
Cho bit: Cc vi ht ny l ion hoc nguyn t ca nguyn t thuc nhm A v
nhm VIII(0).
Cu 6 (3,5 im):
Mt bnh in phn cha dung dch NaOH (pH=14) v mt bnh in phn
khc cha dung dch H2SO4 (pH = 0) 298K. Khi tng hiu in th t t hai cc
mi bnh ngi ta thy c kh ging nhau thot ra c hai bnh ti cng in th.
1. Gii thch hin tng trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra mi bnh (khng
xt s to thnh H2O2 v H2S2O8).
2. Tnh hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc mi bnh cho qu trnh
in phn xy ra.
3. Ngi ta mun gim pH ca dung dch NaOH xung cn 11. C th dng NH 4Cl c
khng? Nu c, hy gii thch v tnh khi lng NH4Cl phi dng gim pH ca 1 lt
dung dch NaOH t 14 xung cn 11.
4. Khi pH ca dung dch NaOH bng 11, th hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo
hai cc ca bnh in phn cho qu trnh in phn xy ra l bao nhiu?
o
Cho bit:
Eo1/2 O2 / 2OH
=+0,4
= 1,23 V ; pK b (NH3)
H2O,
2H
, 1/2 V
O 2; /EH2O
= 4,75
Cu 7 (4 im):
Ngi ta thc hin phn ng 2 NO2 (k) + F2 (k)
2 NO 2F (k) trong mt bnh kn c
th tch V (c th thay i th tch ca bnh bng mt pttng). p sut ban u
ca NO2 bng 0,5 atm, cn ca F 2 bng 1,5 atm. Trong cc iu kin tc u
vo = 3,2. 103 mol.L1.s1.
1. Nu thc hin phn ng trn cng nhit vi cng nhng lng ban u ca cht
phn ng nhng thm mt kh tr vo bnh cho th tch thnh 2 V, cn p sut
tng qut vn bng 2 atm, th tc u bng 8.10 4 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny c
cho php thit lp phng trnh ng hc (biu thc tc ) ca phn ng hay
khng?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2. Ngi ta li thc hin phn ng trn cng iu kin nhit vi cng nhng lng
V bng
NO2, F2 v kh tr nh (1) nhng gim th tch xung
. Tnh gi tr ca tc
2
u vo .
3. Nu thay cho vic thm kh tr, ngi ta thm NO2 vo cho p sut tng qut
bng 4 atm v th tch bng V th tc u v o = 1,6.102 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny
cho php kt lun nh th no v phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng?
4. D on c ch ca phn ng.
b gio dc v o to
*********************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to
COOH
(A)
(D)
(C)
(B)
(A)
COOH
COOH
;
N
(B)
;
(C)
Cu 2 (4 im):
L-Prolin hay axit (S)-piroliin-2-cacboxylic c pK1 = 1,99 v pK2 = 10,60. Piroliin
(C4H9N) l amin vng no nm cnh.
1. Vit cng thc Fis v cng thc phi cnh ca L-prolin. Tnh pHI ca hp cht ny.
2. Tnh gn ng t l dng proton ho H2A+ v dng trung ho HA ca prolin
pH = 2,50.
3. Tnh gn ng t l dng eproton ho A v dng trung ho HA ca prolin
pH = 9,70.
4. T metylamin v cc ho cht cn thit khc (benzen, etyl acrilat, natri etylat v cc
cht v c), hy vit s iu ch N-metyl-4-phenylpiperiin.
Cu 3 (3 im):
Hp cht hu c A cha 79,59 % C; 12,25 % H; cn li l O ch chim mt nguyn t
trong phn t. Ozon phn A thu c HOCH2CH=O ; CH3[CH2]2COCH3 v
CH3CH2CO[CH2]2CH=0. Nu cho A tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 ri mi ozon
phn sn phm chnh sinh ra th ch thu c hai sn phm hu c, trong s c
mt xeton. un nng A vi dung dch axit d dng thu c sn phm B c cng cng
thc phn t nh A, song khi ozon phn B ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
OH
O
HO
OH
Cu 5 (3,75 im):
2-(1-Hiroxipentyl)xiclopentanon (A) l cht trung gian trong qu trnh tng hp
mt cht dng lm hng liu l metyl (3-oxo-2-pentylxiclopentyl)axetat (B).
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A v s cc phn ng tng hp A t axit aipic (hay
axit hexanioic) vi cc cht khng vng v cc cht v c khc.
2. Vit cng thc cu to ca B v s cc phn ng tng hp B t A v cc ho
cht cn thit khc.
3. B c tt c bao nhiu ng phn cu hnh? Hy vit cng thc lp th ca ng
phn c cu hnh ton l R.
b gio dc v o to
Cu 1 (5.25 im):
1. Vit s iu ch cc axit sau y:
a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic t benzen v cc ho cht cn thit
khc.
b) Axit: xiclohexyletanoic, 1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic t metylenxiclohexan v cc
ho cht cn thit khc.
2. Sp xp (c gii thch) theo trnh t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht trong tng
dy sau:
a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic, xiclohexyletanoic,
b)
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic.
COOH
COOH
(A)
CH2COOH
COOH
;
(D)
(C)
(B)
(A)
COOH
COOH
;
N
(B)
;
(C)
*********************************************************************************************************************************
HOCH2
OH
OH
H2C
(A)
OH
OH
H3C
OH
OH
OH
CH2 OH
OH
OH
(B)
OH HO OH
(C)
O
HO
OH HO OH
(D)
CH2OH