wie sd by.a moving fu 11. Wheh the water in the fube is not moving, the water level in the vertical tubes aro th Bernoull r regular horizontal tube ‘This shows that 2, When the stopper atthe énd X is opened for water to low, the water levels ofthe vertical tubes decreases in height. ‘Thus ‘Water flows from region of . to region of 3, A Bemoulli tube has a narrow passage along the horizontal tube, At B, water flows with a ; and exerts The water ate level above B is the .. 7 narrow en water out ‘4, Bernoulli principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases , the pressure it exerts decreases. 5. Inthe diagram shown, when air is blown through the horizontal tube, the air pressure in the horizontal tube decreases. . force the water level in the vertical tubes to rise. As air moves from a region of | pressure to a region of ......+-+n10 pressure, therefore ‘The water level in the vertical tube below Cis the as. eee 6. Ifair is purtped through a Bernoulli tube as shown, air will flow at the narrow seetion creating a region of stesussegerstesceesess Atmosphefie pressure will force water to the highest level below B. 1's Hold @ sheet of paper horizontally in front of the mouth. * Blow air acréss the upper surface of the paper. * Observation; The free end ofthe paper is seen to rise. 2. * Hold two sheets of paper vertically and separated by a few em near the mouth * Blow air through the space between the two sheets of papers. the two sheets of paper are pressed together. 3 * A filter funnel is inverted and a ping pong ball is held under it. * Airis blown at high speed through the funnel and the bal is released. * Observati blow hava the ping porig ball floats under the filter funnel. * Explanation vncva 3 hm iy par wey Bh horizontal stow * Hold a rnking sr heron otha oni endisnerthe opened endothe ES vertical straw, —2verbical stras * Blow air through the horizontal straw. * Observation : Water level in the vertical steaw ris ** Explanatio Bunsen burner 2. 3 4 s. ‘When the gas supply is connected, the gas flows through a narrow passage (Jet) tareed near the air hole with . ‘The region near the jet experienced... a “gas, ‘The outside air which is at a higher pressure is drawn in and mixed with the gas. ‘The mixture of air and yas flow up the barrel and is burnt completely. When the air hole is closed, there isnot enough air resulting in incomplete Acrofoil ' 1 2. 3. 4 5 6 ‘An aerofoi has top surface which is arched anda relatively at bottom surface. Air lows with higher velocity over the top creating a region Of vrernsninesneneneee Air flows with lower velocity below the aerofoit Qerofoil creating a region of so “There is a net upward pressure producing anet upward force known as lift acting on the aerofotl. ‘Aeroplane and its wings take the shape of aerofoil. When the velocity ofthe aeroplane exceeds the stalling speed, the lit is than its weight, the aeroplane takes off. Flaps and slates on the wings can be extended to increase the of the wings. It can help to produce } Flap .-» during take off. (* Ifthe flaps are up, S/ate - Raising of lowering the flaps will also Ce increase the air resistance known as drag ) Questions : 2. 8) Draw a diagram to show four forces acting on an aircraft when itis flying with uniform velocity at a constant latitude, b) State the relationship between the forces. ©) Explain briefly the pris ‘Acrofoil is used in racing cars as stabilizer, Explain how it works. ples of the forces acting . Ifa pilot puts up the flaps of one wing and the laps down on the other wing, what happens to the aircraft? Most commercial jet aircrafts fly at very high altitudes. a) What isthe m: ) As the altitude increases, what will you expect to happen to the minimum speed at which the aircraft can remain idvantage of this? airborne? 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Fue hows © ping pong ball eld inside after sie oct ofthe airbetwen the car faster or slower if eomparedto the velocity of atthe outer side of the fos down ong tee ve reso (2) () Mark the region inthe diagram where the (© Using sven) an expavhy xs are moving twa ech lies () site the coon eo esr in a caris moving i ona sigh si if (aces cming uray setsmodhost ecxsensiobe ting. Expintow tis) () Maa te fet acing onthe pig . ong ballin Figure 1. (©) Suggest away to overcome the phenomena in (in arcing ca ©) Explain how the forces, 2 marked prevent . the ball from fling tothe ! 2 2 © Explain what wil happen wher 1 bat ais replaced wih a nibber ball ofthe same he 1, (0) arvenits Pipe stato at aninreaso fo epeed A ‘oa foning Mid wl causa dcreaso in is postira sila cnc ged tans | (8 Tovoly fas reuse pce beeen becarv ey sal = et (©) Since the air between the two cars is moving so fast, R eines germatea er presse ber compre Db er gue above shows ht re fou fore acting onthe eoplane porn cl thc Tere, high ress a e (a) Name the forces F,, F,,F, and F,. ini ig outer side of the car wil push the car inwards towards, ober Susterconedo fens bce xo cowrcs preston ter bo snot choses, ee pata cey C= bocturocs heen scon be tu sae as foalog phenomena. The asf designed 9 have et high pressure at the op of te car and lower pressure ‘The Figure shove shows te seofol design ofthe wing ofan aeroplane. att atom co a cr wb pushed dowrards (Marke area with highest velocity using an alphabet X and lowest velocity witha Yin the Figure above. ‘ote ground. eS heaaer ee aeerennaaneante ‘evi 2) Fn tet F Ut oF Ares, Gi) Why isthe aero shape used inthe design of an aerplace’s wing? nent ® (iv) State2faetors which woald influence the resultant force acting onthe aro. x =p towatectap sites hose a pas ser tert (Tra aero shape wil maketh vlotysbove to “wing higher tan te vlc below th wing. This ‘Peer pong be rate wil create a high pressure at the bottom of re wing, ‘and he iting fore creatd wil it the aeroplane to. caus oy. 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Pa > Pp > Pc, high pressure , low pressure 3. higher speed, lower pressure , lowest, Py > Pe > Pa =P regular horizontal ‘tube water ia? 5. atmospheric pressure , high, low, P, > Pp > Pc, highest. 6. faster, low pressure, Px > Po > Py aie air alt iy Sree ee SS woe_ta if ot 1, Blowing causes the air to move faster ereating a region of low pressure. The atmospheric pressure acting from below, which is greater, pushes the paper upwards. 2. The fast moving air between the two sheets of paper creates a region of low pressure. The atmospheric pressure, which is higher, acting from outside, pushes the papers towards one another. blow hard 3. The ar flowg faster between ping pong ball and wall of filter funnel creating a region of low pressure. The atmospheric pressure acting from below the ping pong ball is higher. ‘There is anct force upwards, pushing the atl agains the wall of iter funnel 4. The fast moving air lowing out of horizontal straw creates a region of Jow pressure at the open end ofthe vertical straw. “Atmospheric pressure foroes the water level to rise, ‘iy moves, faster, high spent, oe foo pressure mio! Tow prescurt Application of Bemoulli principle ‘Bunsen burner; 1, high speed 2. low pressure. 5. combustion Acrofoil : 2. low pressure 3. high pressure 5. greater 6. surface area, lift Questions Lift 1. ~ Engine thrusts produced when gas burt is ejected causing ‘change of momentum, ~ rag is pruced by ai esistance engine lag ~ Weight isthe force acting onthe mass by gravitational pul, thrust ~ Lifts caused by the net pressure upwards when the agplane move against the air stream. nt 2. The aerofil is fited with the arched surface downwards on top " ‘of the back wheels. This produces a net force downwards to press the wheels on the road making the ear more stable. 3. One wing goes up, the other wing comes down causing the airplane to bank. 4. a) Air is thinner, there wil be less air resistance. b) The aircraft needs a higher speed to stay airborne. The density of air decreases, the ff produced also decreases.