t vn v tng quan v d n

tho mn nhu cu v tht ln ngy cng tng, mt s nng h min Trung Vit Nam
khng ngng m rng chn nui, tng nng sut, trong khi , vn c mt s h vn gi chn
nui theo phng thc c vi cc iu kin chung nui ngho nn. Cng vi vic chn nui
c m rng th cng ko theo nhiu bnh tt xy ra, c bit l giai on ln con cn
ang b m, do vy, khng c g l ngc nhin khi cc bnh tiu chy gy ra cc thit hi
ng k cho ln giai on ny. Bnh thng c gii quyt v v kim sot bi s kt hp
gia qun l tt, tim phng y , tuy nhin cc iu kin mi trng khng m bo ti
rt nhiu tri chnh l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra bnh, c bit l cc khu vc chung ln
v cai sa. Khng sinh nguyn nhn chnh lm tng cc chi ph ca sn xut cng
c s dng qu nhiu v vic s dng ty tin ny cng gy ra mc khng thuc cao
vi rt nhiu chng vi khun phn lp c t cc ln nui ti Vit Nam. Vic m rng chn
nui ln quy m h gia nh cc tnh min Trung Vit Nam cng l ngun ci thin thu
nhp ng k i vi cc gia nh ngho, nhng hin ti cng b cn tr do li nhun thu
c l rt thp do nng sut sinh sn tc tng trng km, thiu cc k nng trong chn
nui v qun l, thc n ngho nn v cc vn v bnh tt. Da trn cc kinh nghim thu
c t d n CARD hin ti (001/04VIE), cc vn m ngi chn nui quy m nh
Vit Nam hin ang phi i mt l:
Thiu cc theo di ngay ti tri v hiu qu chn nui hng ngy
Thiu cc theo di v tng trng bnh qun ngy, tiu tn thc n v s ln bn
ra/ni/nm nh gi nng sut chn nui ton n v li nhun thu c
Cha ra v t c cc mc tiu v sinh sn
H thng thng thong gi v lm mt km, lm hn ch kh nng tiu th thc n ca
ln
Thiu thc n cho cc loi ln, t s sinh n khi xut chung
Thiu cc theo di v tnh hnh bnh tt ca n ln, c bit l v t l cht, tui v
nguyn nhn gy cht
Chin lc tim phng vacxin cho cc bnh cha ng, do vy lm hn ch tc dng
phng bnh ca vacxin
Thiu chuyn gia th y v cc cn b khuyn nng o to v ch dn cho nng dn
Thiu cc m hnh trnh din ti cc tnh tp hun cho nhng ngi cn hc
c cc hiu bit r rng hn v cc ri ro lm hn ch v gim hiu qu chn nui ln,
cn phi c 1 cuc iu tra trn s lng nng h tng i ln ti cc tnh Qung Tr, Tha
Thin Hu, Qung Nam v Bnh nh. Cc s liu theo di trc v vn chn nui, th
y, chung tri, mi trng v thu nhp s c thu thp v nh gi xc nh cc u tin
nghin cu. Mt v d i din ca cc tri chn nui quy m nh (c gii hn l nui
<10-15 ln ni) v cc tri thng phm nh (30-100 ni) tng tnh s c la chn
tham gia vo qu trnh iu tra v nh gi cc tiu chun nh gi mc chn nui,
trnh ca ngi chn nui v cc iu kin chn nui ti cc tri. Trc khi trin khai iu

tra, cc nh khoa hc pha Vit Nam s c tp hun t chc cc chuyn kim tra thc
a v phng vn nng h, thu thp s liu v sc sn xut v cc iu kin v trang thit b
khc.
Tip theo cc cuc iu tra cc tri c chn la ti 3 tnh, 1 cuc hi tho s oc t
chc ti Trng i hc Nng lm Hu xc nh cc yu t ri ro chnh c nh hng n
nng sut chn nui ln. Nhng u tin nghin cu s c xc lp cho vic ci tin qun l,
cc k thut chn nui v chung tri ti cc nng h. iu ny s c dn n kt qu l vic
pht trin cc m hnh chung nui thch hp cho chn nui ln (vi nhng ci tin ph
hp), cng nh l cc k thut chn nui v qun l. Mt khi m cc m hnh ny c nh
gi thng qua, hng lot cc chuyn i thc a s c trin khai cc huyn m cc cn b
khuyn nng v th y a phng l nhng ngi c o to s tham gia tch cc. Cc
nng dn d c la chn s c mi tham d cc lp tp hun Tp hun cho gio vin
mi vng. Cc bui hi tho v chn nui ln t sinh sn n khi bn ra th trng cng s
c tin hnh p ng c cc yu cu v cc h thng chn nui theo .
6

Rt nhiu nng h ngho hin nay vn nui cc ging ln ni vi nh lai chng vi cc

ging ln ngoi tng kh nng pht trin v nng sut n con F1. Tuy nhin, cc ging
ln ni nui ti cc nng h hin ti c nng sut rt km. Trong s 3 dng ln thun chng
chnh, ging ln Mng Ci c nng sut cao hn c. Ging ln Mng Ci c nng sut cao
c tin hnh lai vi ln Bc Giang cho n con trung bnh l 13-14 con/la (so vi cc
ging ln ni khc ch t 8-9 con) v tc tng trng bnh qun t 350-400 g/ngy (cc
ging khc 200-250 g/ngy). Kt qu ny bc l r cc u vit ca ging ln Mng Ci.
Nu thay th c n ln ni bng ln Mng Ci thun chng c nng sut v cht lng
cao s to thnh cc vng ht nhn v ln Mng Ci thun chng cho vng Duyn hi min
Trung. Cc con ni hu b thun chng s c tng ln v s lng v s c bn cho cc
h chn nui nh khc trong chng trnh lai vi ln c ngoi. Cc cng thc lai trong n
F1 s cho tc pht trin tt hn cc ging ni hin ang nui, nhng li thch nghi hn vi
cc iu kin mi trng ca a phng so vi cc ging ln ngoi. Ngoi ra, chng trnh
ny cn gp phn bo tn ngun gen ln Mng Ci thun chng ti khu vc Duyn hi Min
Trung.
hn vo trong n: Di s hng dn ca anh Bin - 1 trong s 4 cn b c tp hun
v hin ang lm vic ti NIAH, 1 h thng chung tri l tng dng nui ln Mng Ci
thun chng c thit k, da trn c s cc chng trnh c tp hun ti Australia
v nhng kinh nghim hc c t cc chuyn thm v nh gi ti cc c s chn nui khc
nhau ti Australia, cng vi TS. Colin Cargill v TS. Tony Fahy (xem phn Ph luc 2: k
hoch xy dng chung tri cho ln Mng Ci thun chng). iu ng lu l rt nhiu
nng h cc tnh min Trung hin nay khng c kh nng xy dng h thng chung tri
theo kiu ny, h cng khng t nng cp h thng chung tri hin c ca h t c ti
mc m sau th h hon ton c th kim c li nhun xy dng 1 h thng
chung tri vi cc trang thit b tt hn. Cc c im chnh ca h thng ny (vi cng sut
nui 4 ln ni), bao gm:
Mi lp ngi vi 1 mi ph tng mc lu thng khng kh, c bit l trong ma
h. C th chn mi tn lm nguyn liu lp mi (nhng phi c lm mt vo ma
h, v d nh che bng 1 loi nguyn liu lm mt khc) hoc l ph rm r
m bo mc lu thng gi va
Nn chung hi c dc va phi c th d thot nc, d dng lm v sinh v thu
dn phn, khng nn nn chung bng b tong b m t
Khu chung cho ln con phi sch, kh, lun m bo nhit 30-32 oC.
Chung phi lun m bo kh cho cc ln ni ang mang thai
Khu thu cht thi phi tch bit, m bo t gi la thng qua pha thnh m ca chung
vi mc cao va bng cao ca ln (y cng l 1 trong nhng li thng gp
trong thit k chung tri ti Vit Nam).

5.2. Cc li ch ca cc h chn nui nh:

1) Trong d n ca chng ti, tnh cho n thi im ny, cc h chn nui nh c nhn
trc tip nhng th sau:
- Tin h tr 40% chi ph mua v nhp ln hu b Mng Ci vo nui trong n ca h
- Gip , a ra nhng li khuyn v h tr trong vic nng cp, sa cha chung tri hin
c ph hp vi vic a ln hu b Mng Ci vo nui. Cc sa cha ny bao gm: xy
dng khu chung ring cho ln ni cn sa, chung cho ln ni v khu chung cho ln
con mi sinh, ci thin vic thng thong gi, h thng si m v lm mt, cc h thng v
sinh u tin tng kh ro cho nn chung v ci thin tnh hnh v sinh. Chc chn l
nhng thay i ny, kt hp vi vic s dng c chin lc cc loi thuc b xung vo thc
n s c cc tc ng ng k trong vic lm gim t l cht v mc nghim trng ca cc
bnh ng rut trong giai on ln con trc cai sa 1 trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh
gy ra cc thit hi v chn nui cho cc trang tri.
- Tp hun c bn v chm sc v nui dng ln Mng ci mi c quan
- Tp hun nng cao s c tin hnh trong chuyn i thc a vo thng 11

5.3. Kh
Cha l mm long mng cho tru, b bng thuc nam

Tru, b v c bit l i vi tru, b nui th rng thng b cc bnh v chn mng

ni ring v cc bnh khc ni chung sau ma ng gi lng do chng b ui sc sau
t chng chu s khc nghit ca thi tit.
Cha bnh l mm long mng cho tru, b d bng phng php Ty y hay ng y cng
ch yu l cha triu chng v y l loi bnh do virut gy nn. Mc ch cha tr l
gip vt thng mau lnh, phng nhim trng k pht gy bin chng nguy him ti
tnh mng ca con vt.
Cha ming
Tt nht ra ming tru, b b bnh bng nc cc loi qu chua thng thng d kim
nh: kh, chanh, qut, me..., gi nt cc loi qu trn, ho vi cht mui. Dng xi lanh
bm t cc vt lot trn li v nim mc mm. Ngy 2-3 ln, lin tc trong 4-5 ngy.
C th dng b chanh, mi kh cho tru, b nhai.
Tuyt i khng c ch xt vo vt thng v d lm bong nim mc, khin cho con
vt b au, rt, n km, st cn nhanh chng.
Cha mng
Ra sch chn tru, b bng nc mui pha nng 10% (100g mui, 1 lt nc si
ngui) hoc nc l cht (l sim, i, mui v s 3, tru khng, ch ti) c cho thm cht
mui.
Bi cc cht st trng ht m, chng ln da non nh bt than xoan trn vi du lc. ng
thi phng rui nhng trng vo vt thng k mng chn bng cch p thuc lo,
thuc l kh bng li.
Phng bnh

V sinh chung tri sch s, m bo ng m, h mt.

Kh trng chung tri nh k 10-12 ngy/ln bng cc loi thuc kh trng dit vi rt
thi gian di nh: Virkon (Han-Iodine 10%) Oxidan-Tca,...
Chm sc, nui dng tru, b chu o nng cao sc khng.