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gi
100(%)
g1 g 2 ... g n
n
V
Nng mol/lit: C M
n'
V
n ct
1000
m dm
ni
ni
x i (dd)
x i (kh)
RT 2
lnK p
i vi dung dch thc, nh lut Raoult ch c th p dng cho dung mi ca dung dch
v cng long: P1 P10 .x 1l
5.3.1.2. Gin p sut - thnh phn (P - x)
p dng nh lut Raoult cho dung dch l tng ca hai cu t (A - B):
PA PA0 .x lA PA0 . 1 x lB
(1)
PB P .x
0
B
l
B
(2)
p sut tng ca h l:
P = PA + PB
PA0 . 1 x Bl PB0 .x Bl
PA0 PB0 PA0 .x lB
(3)
Nu ta biu din cc phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) ln th p sut - thnh phn (P - x) ta
c hnh 5.1.
0
l
l
xh
B PB x B . x B
0
l
xh
x lA
A PA x A
Trong
PB0
PA0
xh xh
A
B
.x l
B
x l .x l
A
B
l
.x
B
xh
B
1 1 .x l
B
.x l
B
(1 x l ) .x l
B
B
(4)
x hB PB PB0
f(T)
x hA PA PA0
g H 2O
0
A
0
H 2O
Trong : P
18
MA
P 760
95
18
95
5
18 342
758 (mmHg)
P
0
H2O
758
0,997
760
m H 2O
18
0,997
M: x H 2O m
m gly
H 2O
18
92
Suy ra: m gly 0,014m H O
2
C%
m gly
m gly m H 2O
100
0,014m H 2O
0,014m H 2O m H 2O
b.
T s mol ca clorobenzen v bromobenzen trong pha hi trn dung dch c thnh phn
10% mol clorobenzen.
Gii
a.
0,00552
P1 P20 400 762
x l2 1 x 1l 0,9948
0,21
x 1h P01 x 1l 400 0,9
b.
0,54
n B n T 100 100
78 92
100
nT
92
xT
0,46
n B n T 100 100
78 92
p sut hi ca Benzen:
PB PB0 .x B 120,2 0,54 64,908 (mmHg)
p sut hi ca Toluen:
PT PT0 .x T 36,7 0,46 16,882 (mmHg)
b.
Tnh thnh phn mol cc cht trong dung dch cha 100g etanol v 100g metanol.
b.
c.
Tnh phn mol ca metanol trong pha hi nm cn bng vi dung dch trn.
Gii
a.
S mol etanol: nE
Phn ca etanol:
Phn ca metanol:
b.
2,1739
0,41
2,1739 3,125
3,125
xM
0,59
2,1739 3,125
xE
l
.x M
l
1 ( 1)x M
88,7
0,59
44,5
0,7415
88,7
1 0,59
44,5
V d 5. Hn hp SnCl4 (1) v CCl4 (2) tun theo qui lut ca dung dch l tng. 90 oC p
sut hi bo ha ca SnCl4 v CCl4 ln lt l 362 mmHg v 1112 mmHg. Di p sut chun
760mmHg, SnCl4 si 1140C v CCl4 si 77oC:
a.
b.
c.
a.
0
PSnCl4 PSnCl
.1 0,7 362 0,3 108,6 (mmHg)
4
p sut ca CCl4:
0
PCCl4 PCCl
.x CCl4 1112 0,7 779,1 (mmHg)
4
p sut ca hn hp:
P = 108,6 + 779,1 = 887,7 (mmHg)
b.
Xc nh thnh phn hi
x h2
x 1h
P02
P01
x l2
x 1l
1112 0,53
3,464
362 0,47
250C:
Ta c: PA PA0 .x lA v PB PB0 .x Bl
7
Theo bi ta c: PA = PB
PA0 .x lA PB0 .x Bl
b.
PA0
PB0
x Bl
x lA
0,75
3
0,25
1000C:
p dng cng thc: ln
P2 1
1
P1
R T2 T1
i vi cht A:
ln
Ta c:
PA0 373
PA0 298
A
R
1
1
T2 T1
(1)
1
1
T2 T1
(2)
Tng t i vi cht B:
ln
PB0 373
PB0 298
B
R
T2 T1
B 373 PA 298 R
PA0 373 PB0 298
1 7000 5000 298 373
ln 0
0
P
298 373
B 373 PA 298 1,987
1 PA0 373
0,507
3 PB0 373
PA0 373
PB0 373
1,52
b.
a.
(1)
PA PB0 .x Bl 600 x Bl
(2)
(3)
Thnh phn cu t A v B.
Ta c: PA = PB
100.x lA 600 1 x lA
x lA 0,.857 v x Bl 0,143
5.5. Bi tp t gii
1.
2.
500C, dung dch l tng bao gm 1 mol cht A v 2 mol cht B c p sut tng cng l
250 mmHg. Thm 1 mol cht A vo dung dch trn th p sut tng cng l 300 mmHg.
Hy xc nh p sut hi bo ha ca A v B nguyn cht 500C.
S: 450 v 150mmHg
3.
Xem dung dch ca CCl4 v SnCl4 l dung dch l tng. Tnh thnh phn ca dung dch
si 1000C di p sut 760 mmHg v tnh thnh phn ca bong bng hi u tin, bit
rng 1000C p sut hi bo ha ca CCl4 v SnCl4 ln lt l 1450 v 500 mmHg.
S: 0,274 v 0,522
4.
Xt dung dch toluen benzen cha 70% khi lng benzen 300C. Hy xc nh:
a.
b.
5.
Mt dung dch cha 0,5 mol propanol v 0,5 mol etanol c chng cho n khi nhit
si ca dung dch l 900C. p sut hi ca phn ngng t thu c l 1066 mmHg (cng
o nhit 900C). Xem dung dch l l tng v bit rng 900C p sut hi bo ha
ca propanol v etanol ln lt l 574 v 1190 mmHg. Hy tnh:
a.
b.
c.
6.
b.
c.
7.
8.
9.
Xc nh phn mol ca dung dch cha 20% A (M = 46), 30% B (M =18) v 50% C (M =
60) v khi lng.
10