CU TRC QUN L MNG LI ATM

Thc s khoa hc TRN CNG HNG

Ph Trng Khoa Cng ngh thng tin II
Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam
Email: conghung@yahoo.com
Tm tt - iu quan trng nht ca cu trc qun l mng li ATM c th l
nh ngha tm tt ca tng yu t ca Hot ng,Qun l, Bo tr, v Cung cp
(Vit tt l OAM & P)

OAM&P PHILOSOPHY( TRIT L OMA & P)

Mt nh ngha ngn gn v mi yu t ca hot ng, Cc
Qun l, bo tr, v Cung cp (OAM & P) v chng h tr, tng tc
vi nhau nh th no c m t di y v s ha theo Hnh 1
di y

Figure 1:
OAM&P Process Flow

Hot ng ( Operations) lin quan n vic chm sc v cung cp hng

ngy, thn ch hng pht ca cc mng d liu
nhm m bo rng n c hon thnh mc ch khi c thit k.
Qun l ( Administrations) l cc hot ng lin quan n thit k mng
li, x l n t hng, gii hn a ch, theo di vic s dng, v cng tc k
ton.

Bo tr ( Maintenance) lin quan n cc trng hp khng th trnh khi

pht sinh khi tt c mi th khng hot ng theo k hoch, hoc n l cn thit
d on nhng g i sai v sa cha n.
Cung cp ( Provisioning) lin quan n vic ci t thit b, thit lp cc
thng s, xc minh rng dch v l hot ng, v cng ci t li h thng. .

SNMP Based Network Management Systems ( NMS)

The simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP) c nh ngha theo
tiu chun EITF c 5 loi thng bo nh sau: GET REQUEST (or simple GET),
GET NEXT REQUEST (or simply GET NEXT), SET REQUEST (or simply
SET), RESPONSE, and TRAP (which is like an alarm). The SET, GET, and
GET NEXT messages u c hi p bng 1 thng bo

RESPONSE

. Thng bo TRAP l rt quan trng v n l thng bo ca mt s kin khng ,

mong mun, chng hn nh l mt tht bi hoc khi ng li h thng. SNMP
thng hot ng trn cc users Datagram Protocol (UDP), m sau thng
hot ng trn IP trong giao thc STACK Internet Protocol (IP), nhng cng
c th hot ng trn mt s giao thc khc.
SNMP s dng mt tp hp con ca K hiu c php tru tng 1
(ASN.1) xc nh mt c s thng tin qun l (MIB) nh l mt cu trc d
liu c th c tham chiu trong cc thng bo SNMP. MIB xc nh r cc i
tng nguyn thy nh chui, s nguyn, v bn bit, v cho php mt hnh
thc n gin ca lp ch mc. Mi i tng c mt tn, c php, v m ha.

Thit k din n ATM- ILMI cung cp cc chc nng giao din qun l
cn thit cho ngi s dng ban u ca my ATM cho n khi cc chc nng
c tiu chun ha trong ATM OAM CELLS

Figure 2:
ATM Forum ILMI Configuration

Hnh 2 minh ha cu trc m trong ILMI hot ng. Mi h thng

ATM END (ES), v tt c cc mng li thc hin mt mng UNI ring hay
mng UNI cng cng, c mt thc th qun l UNI (UME) chu trch nhim cho
vic duy tr cc thng tin v hi p cc lnh SNMP nhn c qua UNI ATM.
Cc thng tin trong MIB ILMI c th bao gm c mt h thng qun l mng
(NMS) bi c nhn ring bit hoc bi tp th ( cng cng) , hoc c th c
truy cp qua mt giao din vt l khc. NMSs cng c th c kt ni vi
mng li hoc h thng END bi giao din qun l ca nhng mng khc

Kh nng ca mng qun l khch hng (CNM) l quan trng cho nhng
dch v c tnh cung cp. C ngha l nn bao gm t nht 1 trng thi vt cht,
tnh trng VPC / VCC, cc thng s th t, v s liu hiu sut c la chn.
Giao hng tn ni vi nhng yu cu chi tit chi tit s pht sinh tnh phc tp
v chi ph b sung.

OAM FLOW REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE

CU TRC THAM CHIU( THAM KHO) OAM FLOW

Hin ti, OAM FLOW ch c xc nh cho kt ni t im ti

im. Mt phn c bn ca cc c s h tng cho qun l mng li nm
thng tin v (OAM)- Hot ng, Qun l v Bo tr . Hnh 3 cho thy kin trc
tham kho c m t ATM OAM FLOW lin quan n SONET / SDH

managements flows nh th no. Cc dng F1 cho cc cp phn phc hi

(gi l section level trong SONET), cc dng F2 cho phn k thut s (gi l
Line level trong SONET), v dng F3 cho ng truyn (gi Path level trong
SONET ). ATM cho bit thm dng F4 cho cc ng dn o (VPS) v F5 cho
cc knh o. (VC), ni cc knh o phc tp c th cha trn vn trong mt
VP( ng dn). Mi mt dng u c th c kt ni imcui. Mi dng
F4/F5 dng c th c, hoc kt thc end - to - end hoc cc phn on nh
hng. Dng End to- end ch c nhn bi cc thit b khi b ngt kt ni
ATM. Ch c cc giao (- im nt node ) mng nhn c OAM FLOW phn
khc. Tht vy, cc giao im(nt) mng phi g b dng phn on trc khi
chng tip cn c cc thit b ngt kt ni my ATM (VP hoc VC). OAM
FLOW c th hoc phn on, hoc end - to - end. Mt dng end-to-end bt
u t mt im cui ca cng LEVEL n mt cui khc. Mt Flow phn
khc s t mt im kt ni ny n mt im kt ni khc

Figure 3:

ATM Management Plane Reference Architecture

OAM CELL FORMATS

Hnh 4 cho thy nh dng ATM OAM Cell : C ng o (VP) dng
(F4) v cc dng knh o VC (F5) gia im cui kt ni c nh ngha nh
l dng OAM FLOW end- to- end . Ngoi ra cn c F4 v F5 OAM FLOW xut
hin trn mt hoc nhiu knh o(VC) kt ni vi nhau hoc cc lin kt ng
dn o ( VP)- c gi l phn khc OAM FLOW . Dng ng dn o VP (F4)
s dng VCI khc nhau xc nh xem hoc dng end- to-end

(VCI = 3) hoc on (VCI = 4). Nh li rng 16 VCIs u tin

c dnh ring cho tandardization trong tng lai. i vi VC (F5), mt VCI
c th khng th c s dng bi v tt c cc VCIs c sn cho ngi s dng
dch v ny. V vy, Payload Type (PT) s phn bit gia 2 dng end-to-end
(PT = 100) v Segment (PT = 101) trong mt VCC.

Figure 4:
ATM OAM Cell Types and Format

Bng 1 tm tt cc loi OAM v cc lnh vc loi chc nng trong cc

OAM cells t hnh 4. Ba loi OAM qun l li, qun l hiu sut, v kch hot /
Chm dt hot. Mi loi OAM c cc loi chc nng y mnh vi im m ha
(codepoints) c xc nh trong Bng 1. i vi loi li OAM qun l c nhng
tn hiu ch th cnh bo (AIS), du hiu sai st t xa (RDI) (cn gi l bo co
Far End Reporting falure (FERF), v cc loi chc nng lin tc kim tra. i vi
loi hiu sut qun l OAM, c cc loi bo co c gim st trc v cc loi
bo co lc hu, hoc l loi th 3- kt hp 2 loi trn, c gi l gim st v
bo co. Loi ny c nh ngha l s kch hot v kh kch hot ca cc loi
OAM khc. Hin nay, c cc loi chc nng kch hot v hy kch hot cho vic
kim tra thng xuyn v hiu qu vic qun l hot ng.
OAM Type
Fault Management

Performance management

Activation/Deactivation

0001
0001
0001
0001
0010
0010
0010
1000
1000

Function Type
AIS
RDI/FERF

Continuity Check
Loopback
Forward Moni toring
Backward Reporting
Monitoring& Reporting
Performance Monitoring
Continuity Check

0000
0001
0100
1000
0000
0001
0010
0000
0001

Table 1:
OAM Types & OAM Function Types

FAULT MANAGEMENT- LI QUN L

* L thuyt v qu trnh hot dng ca AIS v RDI/FERF
Hnh 5 minh ha nhng lnh vc c th v chc nng c bit ca AIS
ATM OAM cells v RDI / FERF
ngha ca tng lnh vc c m t di y.
- Loi tht bi Failure type l mt du hiu ca nhng loi tht bi
xy ra. Hin nay khng c gi tr c th c chun ha.
- V tr tht bi ( Falure positions) l mt du hiu ca s tht bi xy ra.

Hin nay khng c gi tr c th c chun ha.

Failure Type *
1 byte

Failure Location*
9 byt es

Unused
35 bytes

Figure 5 : Function Specific Fields for AIS and RDI/FER

Hnh 6 minh ha hot ng v l thuyt ca tn hiu du hiu bo ng (AIS)

v (FERF)- du hiu sai st t xa (RDI)} cc loi chc nng cu ATM OAM
cells. Chng ti bao gm hai v d, (a) khi tht bi xy ra trong c hai hng cng
mt lc, v (b) tht bi xy ra ch trong mt hng. Trong c hai v d l mt ph
ch tch (hoc VC) kt ni gia nt 1 v nt 4.
+ Phn (a) minh ha s tht bi in hnh ca c hai hng ca
lp ( tng) vt l gia cc nt 2 v 3 gy ra s tht bi ng thi ca VP (ng
dn) c bn v VC ( knh o). Nhng tht bi trong mi hng c ch nh l
"Tht bi - A" v "Tht bi - B" trong hnh kt qu AIS avf RDI / FERF cells
c th c truy ngun t v tr tht bi. Mt nt lin k dn ti tht bi to ra mt
tn hiu AIS theo hng i xung cho bit rng mt tht bi theo hng i ln
xy ra, nh c ch ra trong hnh. Nh c th thy t v d (a), c hai u ca

kt ni (nt 1 v 4) l nhn din s tht bi v bo ng AIS m h nhn c.

Tuy nhin, theo quy c, mi nt ( giao ) to ra mt tn hiu RDI / FERF.

FIGURE 6:
Illustrations of AIS and RDI/ FERF theory and operation

V d (b) minh ha cc mc ch ca tn hiu FERF (RDI). Trong hu ht

cc ng dng thng tin lin lc kt ni nn c coi l khng thnh cng, thm ch
nu n khng ch c mt hng. iu ny c bit ng trong truyn thng d
liu. V d (b) minh ha trng hp ca mt tht bi nh hng n ch c mt
hng ca mt kt ni song song gia cc nt 2 v 3. Nt 3- theo hng i xung
ca tht bi, to ra mt bo ng AIS, m lan truyn n cui kt ni (nt 4), m
ln lt to ra cc tn hiu RDI / FERF. Tn hiu RDI / FERF truyn n cui kt
ni khc (nt 1), m by gi nhn bit kt ni khng thnh cng. Nu khng
c tn hiu RDI / FERF, nt 1 s khng c hiu rng c mt s tht bi trong
vic kt ni gia cc nt 2 v 3. Phng php ny cng s pht hin bt k tht bi
ca cc kt ni n hng . Lu rng 1 nt hoc cc nt to ra cc tn hiu AIS
nhn bit chnh xc v tr tht bi, v c th bo co ny n mt h thng mng
li qun l tp trung, hoc c mt phn ng i tuyn phn phi.

Loopback Operation and Diagnostic Usage

(S dng Loopback hot ng v chn on)
Hnh 7 minh ha lp t bo ATM OAM chc nng c th cc lnh vc.
Mt bn tm tt ca Loopback t bo ATM OAM chc nng lnh vc c th l:
- Ch s Loopback ( Loopback Indication )l mt lnh vc c cha "01" theo ngun
gc, v c gim i bi ngi nhn. N cn c trch xut bi ngi gi khi
nhn c vi mt gi tr ca "00". iu ny ngn cn cc cells khi vic lng
vng trn mng li v thi hn.

- Th tng quan (Correlation Tag) l mt lnh vc c xc nh s dng bi

cc OAM cells ngun v c th c OAM cells phc tp, c bit VPC / VCC, v
iu ny cho php ngi gi xc nh mt trong nhng cells c chp nhn.
- ID a im Loopback ( loopback Location ID) : l mt lnh vc c cung cp
cho ngi gi v ngi nhn s dng trong phn khc loopbacks xc nh
ni loopback nn xy ra. Gi tr mc nh ca tt c 1 ch ra rng loopback nn
xut hin ti im cui.
- ID ngun ( ID Source) l mt lnh vc c cung cp ngun loopback c th
c xc nh trong cells . iu ny c th c s dng bi cc nt trch xut
cc OAM cells rng h a vo khai thc sau khi h c loopback ngun.
Loopback
Indication

Correlation
Tag

Loopback
Loca tion ID

Source
ID

Unused

1 byte

9 bytes

12 bytes

12 bytes

16 bytes

Unused
0000000

0/1

Figure 7 ATM OAM Loopback Function- Specific Fields.

Nh thy trong phn trc, AIS v RDI / FERF c xem l

hu ch nht trong vic pht hin v xc nh cc thit b u cui kt ni m mt
tht bi xy ra. Hnh 8 minh ha lm th no nhng nguyn bnloopback c th
c s dng chn on mt s tht bi s khng c pht hin bi AIS v
RDI / FERF ti bt k nt no. Mt v d ca s tht bi nh vy s l mt tht bi
ng dn VP hoc knh o VC qua kt ni. V d ny cho thy hai thit b u
cui v hai mng can thip, mi dng vi ba nt.
Phn (a) cho thy vic xc minh lin tc end-to-end qua loopback end-toend n endpoints 1. Nu cng vic ny tht bi, sau mng 2 c th chn on
cc vn ko theo sau. . Phn (b) cho thy vic xc minh kt ni gia mt nt
trong mng 2 n endpoint 2 thng qua mt loopback end-to-end. Nu iu ny
khng thnh cng, th vn l gia mng 2 v endpoint 2. Phn (c) cho thy xc

minh kt ni n endpoint1 thng qua mt loopback end-to-end. Nu c vn th

nm trong cc lin kt gia endpoint 1 v mng 1- mt vn trong mng 1,
hoc mt vn trong cc lin kt gia mng 1 v 2. Phn (d) cho thy xc minh
kt ni qua mng 1 v 2 thng qua mt loopback phn khc. Nu iu ny thnh
cng, th vn l dng truy cp t endpoint1 mng 1. Phn (e) cho thy xc minh
kt ni t ng nhp thot khi mng 1. Nu iu ny thnh cng, th vn l
mng 1. Xc minh trong bt k ca cc mng cng c th c thc hin bng
cch s dng loopback phn khc.

Figure 8 : Usage of Loopback in Verification/Problem Diagnostic

CONTINUITY CHECK (Kim tra lin tc)

Cc kim tra lin tc c th pht hin tht bi m cc AIS khng th ,
nh thay i kt ni qua qua 1 dng ng dn (VP) sai lm, nh minh ha trong
hnh 9. Phn (a) cho thy 1 kt ni VP i qua 3 nt kt ni bng ng dn VP vi
nh x VPI c hin th trong cc con s a ra ch cc giao ng kim tra lin
tc (CC). Trong phn (b) mt sai lm qua kt ni c thc hin ti nt 2, lm
gin on cc cells ca vic kim tra lin tc (CC) . Trong phn (c), nt 3 pht
hin s tht bi ny v to ra cc OAM VP -RDI/FERF cells theo hng ngc
li (hng i ln).

FIGURE 9:

Illustration of Continuity Check (CC) OAM Cell Usage

RESTORATION - PHC HI
Cc tiu chun hin nay khng vch r nhng g c th c thc hin trong vic
phn hi li 1 li ti ATM layer. C tiu chun SONET v SDH, tuy nhin, xc
nh bo v layer vt l khi ng ( bt ) point to point, 1: N c s d tha hoc
cu hnh vng trn. Ngoi ra cn c cc chin lc phc hi cho cc mng li
tng phn. Nhng khi nim tng t cng c p dng khi phc li cc kt
ni ATM. Vic phc hi ng dn o (VPs) ni thc hin mt s lng ln cc
knh o (VC) s l mt cch hiu qu thc hin phc hi cp ATM
( ATM- level). Chng ti s tho lun ngn gn v ba (3) phng php phc vi
ti liu tham kho Hnh 10.
Thut ng 1: D phng N (c l "1 cho N") c ngha l c mt knh bo v hai
chiu ln n N knh lm vic hai chiu, nh minh ha trong hnh 10 (a).
Nu mt knh lm vic tht bi, thit b endpoints ca n s bt n cc knh
bo v. Nu tht bi xy ra v knh bo v c s dng hoc khng c sn,
th dn n vic cc knh lm vic khng thnh cng s khng th c phc hi.
FIGURE 10:

Basic Restoration Method Examples

Hnh 10 (b) minh ha mt vng trn hai chiu. S di chuyn t nt 1 n
nt 3 c gi theo c hai hng quanh vng. Ti mi nt, tn hiuc th c
thm vo nh th hin bi cc du cng bn trong vng trn, hoc gim nh c
th hin bi cc du tr bn trong vng trn. Ti nt s 3 ngi nhn (node3) ch
mt trong cc tn hiu c chn cho u ra. Khi pht hin mt s tht bi, ngi
nhn s chuyn i tn hiu khc- gi l tn hiu d tha, nh c th hin
trong v d v mt tht bi gia cc nt 2 v 3.

Hnh 10 (C) minh ha mt mng li tng phn. Trong v d, s di

chuyn gia cc nt 3 v 4 ban u theo l trnh c hin th bng cc ng
chm trong v d. Mt tht bi gia cc nt 1 v 2 tc ng n s di chuyn nt
3 n 4 trn l trnh hin ti ca n. iu ny c th c pht hin trong h thng
qun l mng phn phi, tp trung, hoc kt hp tm mt l trnh mi nh th
hin bng cc ng gch ngang trong v d. Nhng mng li c khong cch
di hn c xu hng c loi cu trc mng li th hin trong v d v c xu
hng s dng kiu phc hi ny. Trong v d hnh 10 (c), d phng1:02 c
cung cp cho mt s l trnh.
Nhng hnh nh phn chiu ca kh nng ny l ni dnh cho s di
chuyn gia cc nt 3 v 1. Lu rng cc kin trc vng trn t c d phng
1:01, hay ni cch khc, ch mt na s bng thng ( bandwidth) truyn dn c
sn di chuyn. Nhng loi cu trc vng trn ny c tnh kinh t hp dn i
vi cc khu vc th v c th c tip tc ti u ha cho ATM no s dng
ng o Drop Multiplexing (ADM) nng cao hiu qu ghp knh.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1] David E. MC DySan and Darren L. Spohn , "ATM theory and
Application", McGraw-Hill

series on Computer Communication,

International Editions 1995, Printed in Taiwan.

[2] Othmar Kyas, "ATM Networks", International Thomson Computer Press,
ITP An International,Thomson Publishing, First printed 1995, Reprinted
1995,Printed in the UK by the Alden Press, Oxford.
[3] Document on Internet :
http://www.tmo.hp.com/tmo/pia/VXIbus/PIAProd/datasheets/English/HPQ0
SS1.html
+ Test & Measurement , Product Information HEWLETT PACKARD
[4]Dr.Kon MIYAKE, Standardization ^ Technology on B-ISDN & ATM
Network, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT), Technical
Seminar on ITU-T Standardization(Tss-96) Nov,1996.