B Y T

TRNG I HC Dc H NI

PHNG TH M HNH

NGHIN CU K THUT CHIT XUT

a-MANGOSTIN T v QU MNG CT
KHA LUN TT NGHIP Dc s KHA 2006 - 2011

Ngi hng dn:

KS.DS. Nguyn Th Vit Hng

Ni thc hin:
BM Cng nghip DcH Dc HN

TRCNGH li^C lANi

t h i / V M
^Qy........ thng........ 'nm 2

SKCB:........

H NI-2011

LI CM N !

Vi lng knh trng v bit n su sc, trc tin, em xin gi li cm

on chn thnh ti c gio KS.DS. Nguyn Th Vit Hng, ngi trc
tip hng dn, ch bo tn tnh v gip em hon thnh kha lun ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm OTI TS. Nguyn Vn Hn, Thc s Nguyn
Vn H i, nhng ngi thy gip v ch bo em rt nhiu trong thi
gian lm kha lun.
Em xin gi li cm n su sc ti ton th cc thy c gio, cc anh
ch k thut vin B mn Cng nghip Dc to iu kin thun li,
gip em hon thnh kha lun ng thi hn.
V em cng xin chn thnh cm Oi cc thy c gio trng i hc
Dc H Ni, nhng ngi dy d v ch bo em tn tnh trong sut
nhng thng nm hc tp ti trng.
Cui cng, vi lng bit n v hn, em xin php c gi li cm n
ti gia nh, ngi thn, bn b ng vin v h tr em trong sut thi
gian qua.
Do thi gian c hn v trnh bn thn cn hn ch nn kha lun
khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. V vy, em rt mong nhn c s ch
bo tn tnh ca cc thy c v s gp chn thnh ca bn b.

Em xin chn thnh cm n !

H Ni, thng 05 nm 2011

Sinh vin:
Phng Th M Hnh

MC LC
Ch gii ch vit tt
Danh mc cc bng
Danh mc cc hnh v, th
Trang
T VN .............................................................................................................. 1
Chng 1: TNG QUAN.............................................................................................2
1.1. Cy Mng c t........................................................................................................ 2
1.1.1. Ngun gc v phn b ....................................................................................... 2
1.1.2. c im thc vt...............................................................................................2
1.1.3. B phn dng, thu hi v ch bin......................................................................3
1.1.4.

Thnh phn ha hc............................................................................................ 3

1.1.5. ng dng............................................................................................................. 5
1.1.5.1. ng dng trong y hc dn gian....................................................................... 5
1.1.5.2. ng dng trong y hc hin i........................................................................ 6
1.2.

Sn phm - a-mangostin................................................................................... 7

1.2.1. Cng thc ha hc v tnh cht........................................................................7

1.2.2. nh tnh v nh lng .................................................................................... 8
1.2.2.1. nh tnh........................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2.2. nh lng........................................................................................................ 8
1.2.3. Tc dng dc l................................................................................................. 8
1.3. Chit xut a-mangostin t v qu mng ct...................................................... 10
1.3.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu nc ngoi.................................................................. 10
1.3.2. Tnh hnh nghin cu Vit Nam.....................................................................10
1.3.3. Nhn xt............................................................................................................. 11
Chng 2 : I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN

cu ............................12

2.1. Nguyn liu v thit b......................................................................................... 12

2.1.1. Nguyn liu........................................................................................................ 12

2.1.2. Ha cht............................................................................................................. 12
1.1.3. Thit b, dng c................................................................................................12
2.2. Ni dung nghin cu............................................................................................ 13
2.2.1. Chit tch a-mangostin theo phuofng phpca M ......................... ..............13
2.2.2. La chn dung mi chit xut t 4 dungmi:ethanol 96, toluen, aceton v
ethyl acetat................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3. Xy dng phng php chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi l aceton..... 13
2.3. Phng php nghin cu.................................................................................... 13
2.3.1. Phng php chit xut..................................................................................... 13
2.3.1.1. Phng php chit tch a-mangostin ca M ............................................... 13
2.3.1.2. Phng php chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton.............15
2.3.2. Kim a cht lng sn phm........................................................................ 16
2.3.3. Phng php nh lng...................................................................................16
Chng 3 ; THC NGHIM, KT QU V BN LUN.................................... 18
3.1. Chit tch a-mangostin theo phng php ca M.............................................18
3.1.1. Chit xut v tinh ch thu sn phm............................................................... 18
3.1.2. Kim tra cht lng sn phm..........................................................................20
3.2. La chn dung mi chit xut t 4 dung mi: ethanol 96, toluen, aceton v
ethyl acetat.................................................................................................................. 23
3.2.1. nh gi hiu sut chit xut............................................................................24
3.2.2. nh gi h s chn lc (a)..............................................................................26
3.2.3. Nhn xt chung................................................................................................. 28
3.3. Xy dng pp chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton................. 28
3.3.1. Tin hnh........................................................................................................... 28
3.3.2. Kt qu...............................................................................................................31
3.3.3. nh gi............................................................................................................ 32
KT LUN V KIN NGH.................................................................................... 34
TI LIU THAM KHO
PH LC

CH GII CH VIT TT

pp :

phong php

dd :

dung dch

DANH MC CC BNG

Trang

Bng 3.1. Cc gii hp th c trng ong ph hng ngoi.....................................21

Bng 3.2. Kt qu phn tch ph cng hng t ht nhn proton (*H-NMR)........ 22
Bng 3.3. Hiu sut chit tng ng vi mi ln chit............................................ 25
Bng 3.4. nh hng ca yu t dung mi n h s chn lc............................... 27
Bng 3.5. Kt qu v sn phm ca pp vi dung mi chit l aceton......................32
Bng 3.6. Kt qu v sn phm ca 2 quy nh......................................................32

DANH MC CC HNH V, s , TH
Trang

Hnh 2.1. S quy trnh chit xut a-mangostin theo phng php ca M......14
Hnh 2.2. S quy nh chit xut vi dung mi chit l aceton........................... 15
Hnh 3.1. Hnh nh sc k lp mng ca sn phm................................................... 21
Hnh 3.2. Biu hiu sut chit a-mangostin qua cc ln chit............................. 26
Hnh 3.3. Ta bng ca sn phm th 2 trong hn hp ethnol-nc-acid acetic....31
Hnh 3.4. Sn phm a-mangostin.............................................................................. 31

T VN
Qu mng ct c bit n l n hong tri cy , ngoi hng v thom
ngon cn l mt dc liu v cng qu gi. v qu c s dng rng ri trong y
hc dn gian ca nhiu nc cha bnh tiu chy, l, vng da.... Nghin cu ha
thc vt cho thy qu mng ct cha cc xanthon, lavonod, triterpenoid,...Cc
hp cht ny th hin hot tnh khng khun, chng nm, chng khi u,... c bit
l xanthon (hp cht thuc nhm chng oxy ha c ngun gc thc vt
(polyphenol)) c c tnh gip vt thng mau lnh, chng oxy ha, gim au,
khng khun,... iu ny thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu nh khoa hc trn th gii
v Vit Nam.
Trong cc xanthon c tm thy t v qu mng ct, a-mangostin l hp
cht c quan tm v nghin cu nhiu nht. Cc nghin cu cho thy amangostin c tc dng chng oxy ha, chng d ng, c hot tnh khng sinh, khng
nm, c ch HIV-1 protease v c tc dng chng ung th,.... C th ni y l mt
hp cht tim nng trong iu tr nhiu loi bnh. Tuy nhin, trn th trng hin
nay cha c ch phm cha a-mangostin tinh khit. N ch yu c ong thnh phn
cc sn phm t dch chit v qu nh thc phm chc nng, m phm, vn
chit xut hot cht ny c nghin cu bi Hans-Peter Ignatow, Rainer
Sobotta (2005), song dung mi s dng c hi (toluen,...), do vic m bo an
ton lao ng l rt cn thit. Ti Vit Nam th cha thy c nghin cu no v k
thut chit xut a-mangostin c cng b.
Nhm gp phn a ra phng php chit xut a-mangostin c th p dng
c vi iu kin Vit Nam, chng ti tin hnh thc hin ti: NGHIN
CU

K THUT CHIT XUT a-MANGOSTIN T v

QU MNG CT

vi nhng mc tiu sau:

1. Chit tch a-mangostin theo phng php ca M.
2. La chn dung mi chit xut a-mangostin t 4 dung mi: ethanol
96, toluen, aceton v ethyl acetat.
3. Xy dng phng php chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chn.

Chng 1: TNG QUAN

1.1. Cy Mng ct
Mng ct (danh php khoa hc: Garcinia mangostana L.), l mt loi cy
thuc h Ba {Clusiacea). Ngoi ra, cy Mng ct cn c tn gi khc
Mangosteen hoc Manggis (Anh-M), Mangoustan hoc Mangoustanier (Php),
Sofn Trc T (Trung Quc), Mankhut (Thi

Hu, cy ny cn c

gi l cy Mng hay Ging Chu (tn do vua Minh Mng t cho).

Ging Garcinia c t tn ghi nli nh thc vt hc Laurence Garcia,
ngi su tp cc mu cy c v sng ti n vo th k 18. Mangostana v
tn ting Anh mangosteen u pht xut t tn Malaysia ca cy: mangustan.
1.1.1. Ngun gc v phn b
Mng ct c ngun gc t Malaysia v Indonesia, cy c thuyn
trng Cook m t kh chi tit t nm 1770, v c a n Sri Lanka vo nm
1800, c trng ti Anh trong cc nh knh t 1855, sau a n Ty n v
nhng vng ln cn t gia th k 19. y l mt loi cy i hi iu kin th
nhng kht khe, cn kh hu nng v m. Cy tng trng rt chm, sau 2-3 nm
cy ch cao n u gi, ch bt u cho qu sau 10-15 nm. Cy c cc nh
truyn gio du nhp vo Nam Vit Nam t lu, trng nhiu nht ti Li Thiu, Th
Du Mt. y, kh hu nng m nn cy d mc. Do vy, cy Mng ct khng
tin c ln min Bc x lnh, xa lm l n Hu. Cy c trng nhiu ti Thi
Lan, Campuchia, Myanmar, Sri-Lanka v Philippines.
1.1.2. c im thc vt
Cy to, cao trung bnh 7-12 m , c th cao n 25 m; thn c v mu nu
en xm; v c nha mu vng. L dy v cng, bng, mu lc sm, mt di c
mu nht hn mt trn, hnh thun di 15-25 cm, rng 6-11 cm, cung di 1,2-2,5
cm, khng c lng, mc i. Hoa n tnh ( thng l hoa ci ) hay lng tnh, mc
n hay tng i, hoa c cm 3-9 hoa c l bc, hoa c 4 l i, 4 cnh hoa mu
trng hay hng nht, nhiu nh (16-17 nh), hoa lng tnh c cung c t. Bu 5-8

, mi cha 1 non. Qu mng, hnh cu, c v qu dy khi chn mu tm, c u

nhy nh v mang i tn ti gc. Ht c o ht dy, mu trng, ngt, n c.
[2,6,8,9]

1.1.3. B phn dng

V thuc t cy Mng ct l v qu v v cy ( Pericapium et Cortex
Garciniae Mangostanae ). Mng ct cho tri sau 10-15 nm trng nhng cy c th
sng trn 50 nm. Cy tt c th cho tri sau 7-8 nm trng. Ti min Nam nc ta,
mng ct tr hoa vo thng 1-2 dng lch v bt u thu tri t thng 5 n thng 8
dng lch, c khuynh hng cho tri cch nm. Thu hoch khi tri chuyn mu
l thun li nht, v c th bo qun c 7-10 ngy; s mi trong v s qu b
cng v thp.v qu thu vo ma qu chn, n lp o ht v phi kh ct
dng lm thuc, v cy c th thu hi quanh nm. Trn thc t, v qu hay c
dng hcm.
1.1.4. Thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc thay i ty theo b phn:
V qu: Thnh phn chnh c xc nh l mt lot xanthones m
nhng cht chnh l mangostin (a -mangostin, p -mangostin, Y -mangostin), cc
isomangostin, normangostin, bn cnh trioxyxanthon, pyranoxanthon, dihydroxy
methyl butenyl xanthon, trihydroxy methyl butenyl xanthon, pyrano xanthenon. Cc
garcinon A, B,

c,

D,

E,

mangostinon, garcimangoson A, B,

c,

gartanin, egonol,

epicatechin, procyanidin t mng ct ngun gc Vit Nam, benzophenon glucosid

tuy s lng t cng c tm ra. Ngoi ra, c chrysanthemin, tannin (713%)^*^^
-

L cha nhiu xanthon loi di v tri hydroxy-methoxy (methyl, butyl...)

xanthon, bn cnh xc nh c ethyl methyl maleimid glucopyranosid,

cng cc triterpenoid nh cycloartenol, friedlin, p -sitosterol, betulin, mangiferadiol,
mangiferolic acid, cyclolanostendiol, hydroxy cyclolanostenon, v protein (7,8 %),

G thn c maclurin, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy xanthon v dn xut Oglucosides ca n cng pentahydroxy xanthon.

-

o ht: c cha calaba xanthon, demethyl-cabalaxanthon, dihydroxy v

trihydroxy dimethyl alkyl xanthon, cc mangostin...

Mt nghin cu Thi Lan cho bit dch chit t v r, v thn v m
thu thp t qu mng ct cn xanh non, cha a -mangostin, p -mangostin,

Y -

mangostin, garcinon-E, methoxy- p-mangostin v 1 cht dn xut geranyl-diphenyl

l 3-hydroxy-4-geranyl-5-methoxydiphenyl.
Cng thc 1 s xanthon t cy Mng
CH

o"

hC

ll-hydroxy-1-isomangostin

OH

"O"'"CH

Garcinon c
o

Garcinon D

-.

s - 0 ' ''v'x "CH

r
OH

5
-mangostin

'1 .

OI- o

OH

C O'" : : OH
- ^
H

"I

8-deoxygartanin

Gartanin

CH

HO
HO'

'

o
8

a -mangostin

Garcinon E

OH
9
Demethylcalabaxanthon

Y"I

o OH
Meo. 1 A . A ^

Meu.
OMe

0'

11

l,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy

12

p -mangostin

Mangostenone A

-8-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)
-6,6 -dimethylpyrano
(2 ,3 :3,2)xanthon

OH

-r""''--

1 1

H,CO

Y::;
0 OH

13

Calabaxanthon

Tovophyllin B

15

3-isomangostin

9-Hydroxycalabaxanthon

1.1.5. ng dng
V qu Mng ct c s dng rng ri trong Y hc c truyn khng ch
Vit Nam, m cn c s dng ti nhiu nc chu . ng thi, tc dng dc
l cng c quan tm nghin cu.
1.1.5.1. ng dng trong y hc dn gian
- Mng ct c s dng theo y hc dn gian nhiu quc gia nh n ,
Thi Lan, Malaysia, Philippin,...vi tc dng cha l, tiu chy, vng da, chng d
ng, iu tr hen suyn,...
- Ti Vit Nam, theo ng y, v qu mng ct c v chua cht, tnh bnh, i
vo hai kinh ph v i trng, c cng nng thu lim, sp trng, ch huyt,

v qu

dig tr tiu chy, kit l, ng c thc n; khi bnh thuyn gim th thi s dng,
dng lu sinh to bn. Nc sc v qu cng c dng tht ra m o trong
trng hp b bnh bch i kh h.

Mt s bi thuc c truyn ca Vit Nam

Cha tiu chy, kit

- Ly 10 v qu mng ct cho vo m t, un si k trong 15 pht, ngy

ung 3-4 chn to.

- V mng ct kh 60 g, ht mi 5 g, ht tha l 5 g, sc vi 1.200 ml nc
cho n khi cn 600 ml. Mi ln ung 120 ml, ngy ung 2 ln. Nu l ngi ln,
au bng, c th thm thuc phin (rTi thuc phin).
- V cy ct khoanh (khong 50 g) cho vo m t vi 2 bt nc, sc
thuc vi la nh cho si t 1 5 - 3 0 pht. Sau nc m m, chit ly nc
ung lm nhiu ln, mi ln mt ly nh. Thuc sc ngy no th ung trong ngy
. C th dng ng d ung v kht.

Tiu c, cha ri lon tiu

Ly v qu mng ct thi nh, phi kh, tm ru, sao thm ri tn thnh

bt mn. Khi n phi nhng thc n i thiu gy ri lon tiu ha, n khng tiu, i
t, nn ma... nn ly ngay mt tha bt thuc ni trn ha vi nc un si, cho
thm t mui trng, ung ngay lc nc cn nng s thy .
1.1.5.2. ng dng trong y hc hin i
a/ Dc tnh tng qut
V qu cha tanin c th kim c tiu chyj'^
Cc hp cht flavonoid c tc dng c ch hot ng sinh acid ca
Streptococcus mutans GS-5
Mng ct cha cc xanthon c tnh chng oxy ha v nhng tc dng khc.
Cht ny thuc vo nhm cht chng oxy ha c ngun gc thc vt gi l
polyphenol. C khong 40 xanthon c nhn dng trong i mng ct, nhiu nht
l v qu. Nhng xanthon c bit gm a -mangostin, -mangostin v y -

mangostin. a-mangostin v p -mango stin C tc dng in vitro chng dng t bo ving

th bch cu ngi v vi khun lao Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a -mangostin v
-mangostin cng c tc dng chn th th serotonin v histamin.
Mt thnh phn khc l cc cht dn xut t xanthon nh garcinon-B v
garcinon-E. Cc cht ny c tc dng in vitro chng vi khun lao. Garcinon-E c
tnh c hi t bo chng u bu t bo gan, phi, d dy. Ngoi ra, cc xanthon
ny c tc dng kch thch h thng min dch c th nhm gip c th chng li
nhng vi sinh vt l xm nhp; c ch s oxy ha ca LDL v v th c tc ng
lm gim cholesterol; v c tc dng bo v t bo gan.
b/ ng dng trong cc dng thuc
Mng ct c dng trong cc dng sn phm vin nang, vin hon, bt,
kem v nc gii kht. N c dng lm thuc gim cn, thuc ty, thuc nh
rng, m phm c tnh cht khng vi sinh vt hay chng nng, thc phm b sung
c nhiu tc dng nh: chng oxy ha, tng cng min dch, h iu tr ung
th bch cu, gan, phi, h iu tr tiu ng,...
Sn phm c sn xut Vit Nam c Nc p Mng ct v Tr Mng
ct nhn hiu Hng Pht.

1.2. Sn phm - a-mangostn

a-mangostin l xanthon u tin c phn lp t qu Mng ct ( Schmid,
1855)
1.2.1. Cng thc ha hc v tnh cht
- Cng
Cng thc phn t; C24H26O6 ( M = 410,46 )
HC

OH
'OCH

X .
H
Cng thc cu to:

TO

- Danh php quc t : l,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-bis-(3-methyl-2butenyl)-xanthen-9-one.

Hoc

1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-di-(3-methyl-2-

buteny l)-xanthone^ *
- Tnh c h t: tinh th mu vng ( t benzen ), nhit nng chy : 181.6 182.6c. Thc t khng tan trong nc, tan trong alcol, ether, aceton, chloroform,
ethyl acetat.
1.2.2. nh tnh v nh lng
1.2.2.1. nh tnh
Khi tc dng vi FeCla th cho mu lc en nht.
1.2.2.2. nh lng
Cc tc gi Trung Quc a ra phoTig php kh on gin v hiu qu
nhm nh lng hot cht ny, trong s dng h pha ng l methanol-nc^l
Cc tc gi Thi Lan th tin hnh vi pha ng l acid phosphoric 0,1% v/v acetonitril^''^l
1.2.3. Tc dng dc l
Trong s cc xanthon, hot cht c nghin cu su rng nht l nhng
mangostin, trong c a-mangostin. Dc s Trn Vit Hng v dc s L Vn
Nhn tng hp tc dng dc l ca cc hp cht t v qu Mng ct. Tc dng
dc l ca a-mangostin v dn cht ca n gm c:
- Tc dng c ch h thn kinh trung ng: a-mangostin to ra nhng phn
ng c ch thn kinh ung ng gy cc triu chng nh gim au, gim hot ng
ca thn kinh vn ng, tng cng hot tnh gy ng v gy m ca pentobarbital.
- Tc dng trn h tim mch: Mangostin-3,6-di-0-glucosid to ra cc hiu
ng r rt trn h tim mch ca ch v ch; gy kch thch c tim, tng huyt p.
- Tc dng chng vim:
+ B mn sinh hc phn t i hc Tohoku (Nht Bn) chng minh
dung dch methanol v mng ct c tc dng i khng chn lc th th H-1 v th
th serotonin 5-HT2A.

+ a-mangostin, v a-mangostin triacetat c hot tnh chng vim khi

dng chch qua phc mc hay khi cho ung ni chut b gy ph chn bng
caageenan, hay bng cch cy cc bng gn di da.
- Tc dng chng lot d dy: a-mangostin c hot tnh chng lot d dy
khi th trn chut.
- Hot tnh khng sinh:
+ a-mangostin c ch Bacillus subtilis nng 3,13ng/ml,
Staphylococcus aureus NIHJ 209p khng methicillin nng l,57|ig/ml. Tc
dng ny tng ln r rt khi dng chung vi vancomycin.
+ B mn ha - i hc khoa hc Srinakharinwirot Bangkok Thi
Lan cho thy a-mangostin c ch rt mnh vi khun lao Mycosporum tuberculosis
vi MIC 6.25 mcg/ml.
- Hot tnh chng nm; a-mangostin khng c Trichophyton
mentagrophytes, Mycosporum gypseum v Epidermmophyton floccosum nng
1 mg/ml nhng khng tc dng trn Candida albicans.
- Tc dng chng ung th: Rt nhiu nghin cu cho thy xanthon trong
v mng ct chng ung th v ngn chn s pht trin ca khi u.
+ B mn ung tlur - i hc y khoa Ryukyus, Okinawa, Nht Bn
cho thy a-mangostin c tc dng phng nga tin ung th mt gi.
+ Vin k thut sinh hc quc t Gifu Nht Bn a ra kt lun amangostin c ch s tng trng t bo ca dng t bo ung th bch cu HL60
ngi hon ton nng 10 microM bng cch cm ng t bo t hy.
- Tc dng chng d ng:
+ i hc Dc Tohoky Nht Bn tm thy dung dch cn 40% c
ch phng thch histamin qua trung gian IgE. Dung dch ny cng c ch tng hp
prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2). Phn mg phn v qua da th ng b c ch ng k
bi dch chit 40%. Tc dng chng d ng ca dung dch ny mnh hn dung dch
1 loi cy Ngy (Rubus suavissimus) thng dng Nht.

10

+ a-mangostin rt hiu nghim trn cc bnh nhn b chng s mi ma

. N c ch s co ca ng mch ch trn ngc th b histamin v serotonin tc
ng.
- Tc dng chng oxy ha: Xanthon c hot tnh chng oxy ha rt cao,
trn c Du ty rng.
- Tc dng c ch HIV: a-mangostin c ch HIV-1 protease.
- Dit mui

Mt nghin cu tin hnh dit u trng mui v gim s

lng mui trng thnh bng cch s dng a-mangostin kt hp vi 3 ,6 ,8 trihydroxy-2-methoxy-l,7-bis(3-niethyl butenyl) xanthen-9-one, hoc dng mui,
hydrat hay solvat ca cht ny. C s ca tc dng da trn liu c ca amangostin.
Tuy c nhiu li ch nh nu trn, song trn th trng hin nay cha c
ch phm cha a-mangostin tinh Idiit. N ch yu c trong thnh phn cc sn
phm t dch chit v qu nh thc phm chc nng hay m phm. V vy, nghin
cu v pht trin sn phm cha hot cht ny l vn ng quan tm.

1.3. Chit xut a-mangostin t v qu mng ct

Mt nghin cu uc tin hnh Nht tin hnh tng hp thnh cng amangostin

Tuy nhin, vic tin hnh tng hp ton phn a-mangostin kh phc

tp. Nh vy, vn chit xut hot cht ny t dc liu c ngha rt ln v c

tnh ng dng cao.
1.3.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu nuc ngoi
Mt pht minh uc ng k ti M trnh by rt chi tit vic chit tch
a-mangostin t v qu Mng ct. Song vn ng lu l dung mi s dng c
hi (toluen).^*^^
1.3.2 Tnh hnh nghin cu Vit Nam
- Tp ch Khoa lic v Cng ngh, i hc Nng, s 5, nm 2010 c
ng bi vit Nghin ciVu chit tch v xc nh cc xanthon t v qu mng ct
(Garcinia mangostana L .) - o Hng Cng, Th Thu Vn - Trng i hc

11

S phm, i hc Nang. Trong nghin CII ny, cc tc gi xc nh mt s

tnh cht vt l ca v mng ct nh: m = 4,3% , hm lng hu c = 86,4% ,
hm lng kim loi nng ph hp vi tiu chun ca B y t p dng cho rau qu
kh; so snh iu kin chit v cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh chit cc
xanthon trong dung mi etha'aol bng 2 phng php un hi lu cch thy v
Soxhlet, thu c kt qu pb.irng php un hi lu cch thy l ti u. Mt s
xanthon: Gartanin, BR-xanthon A, 3- isomangostin, a-mangostin, Garcinon D c
xc nh bng phng hp LC-MS v IR.
1.3.3. Nhn xt
Nghin cu chit xut a-mangostin theo pp ca M tin hnh phc tp v
s dng dung mi c hi nn thc t p dng cn c bin php an ton lao ng
hp l. Cc nghin cii trong nirc ch yu tp trung vo tc dng dc l ca cc
thnh phn c ong v qii Mng ct. Hin ti cha thy c ti liu no cng b
no v k thut chit xut b.o cht trn. Do chng ti tin hnh nghin cu k
thut chit xut a-manyosin tr v qu Mng ct nhm a ra phng php chit
xut hot cht ny.

12

Chng 2; I TU NG V PHNG PHP NGHIN c u

2.1. Nguyn vt liu, tlict b

2.1.1. Nguyn liu

- Nguyn liu: v qu Mng ct.
- Xut x: n<z bng sng Cu Long.
- c im qu Mng ct: qu tng i trn, u, c v mu tm sm v
mm u (khng cng v).
2.1.2. Ha cht
Dichloromethan

Toluen

Ethanol 96'

Methanol

Aceton

Ethylen glycol (ethan-l,2-diol)

Ethyl aceUit

Nc ct 2 ln

2.1.3. Thit b, dng c

My HPI c ' "liinadzu SPD-MIO Avp vi detetor u v (Nht Bn)
My siu m Ultrasonic LC 60H (c)
My ct

cu:v BCHI

Rotavapor R-200 (Thy S)

Cn phn [ch Satorius TE 214S (c)

Cn k (!'. !: Sartorius BP2001S (c)
Ni cch iliy
M n g lc 0 .4 5 am

Dng c i;vr> tinh; bnh cu, bnh gn, cc c m, ...

My o 1 '; !n" ngoi Perkin Elmer
My o ! ; cng hng t ht nhn AV 500 MHz
My o Via) khi AutoSpec Premier ( Hng WATERS - M )
T sy
My o I:: i ,i nng chy Ez-Melt (M)
2.2. Ni dung nghin - ;

13

2.2.1. Chit tch a-ni:ir!;>;osii theo phng php ca M

Chng ti tin i iil chit tch v phn lp hot cht ny da trn c s pht
minh c cng b ti

i '''1 Kim tra cht lng sn phm thu c bng cch o

nhit nng chy, tin !inh chy sc k lp mng v o cc ph: ph hng ngoi
(IR), ph cng hng lr ht nlin proton (*H-NMR) v ph khi lng (MS).
2.2.2. La chn dunp;

li cliit xut a-mangostin t 4 dung mi: ethanol 96,

touen, aceton v etliy ti-ef'ii

Trn c s clic - kra cung mi c kh nng ha tan a-mangostin, d kim,
c idi nng thu hi, cli II" ti tin hnh kho st mt s dung mi sau: ethanol 96*^,
toluen, aceton v ethyl; 'at. Diih gi v lira chn.
Qua thc nghi " , (luig mi la chn chit xut a-mangostin phi tha mn
cc yu cu sau ;
+ Hiu sut clict cao.
+ C h s C:

nc cao.

+ C tnh k',

; i) :ng mi khng t tin v d

2.2.3. Xy dng plir

kim.

pip chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l

aceton
Xy dng pliir i'j, pli;'p chit xut v tinh ch a-mangostin m bo c
cc yu t sau:
- Quy trnh c' . ,in, . thc hin.

- Hiu sut c' vV: nlin. c.

Sau so sn': : 'voT.g php chit xut mi xy dng vd phng php ca

M nh gi phui: ;'ip .' a ra.

2.3. Phng php l\'

g' .

2.3.1. Phng php c! : X-; a

2.3.1.1. Phng p!:'p
o S quy trnh:

i a-mangostin ca M

14

B t v

nc

Iii ii c u t

c h i t

< --------------------

b t i

to lu e n

I.C
f

d c h c h i t
d u im r

c chan

1f

UI.

; wii c l n i d
k t tin h
l c
c c h th u
to u e n

. l a l n 1
ho

k h u y tr n

tun

u u n e d c h 1
k

11 c
'

l c
c c h th u v

in a l n 2

to i ne n
k h u y tr n

d u n g d c h 2
k i tin h
i c

c
sy
]

t o l u e n + e t h y le n g l y c o

s p h m t h 1
k h u y tr n

ir-'i
lVi- M
^
VV./

: .........

p h a n l p

>

i i c h e tl- iy e n g l y c o l
k i tin h
n c c:

-----

sy

e th a n o th m n c t t
- l i . n i th 2 h
J
k h u y tr i
/
Oi p h
c c h l
t o t i

'1^

c \ sa)^

.> ,i!n s tll

Hnh 2.1. S quy trin'i c!i xut a-mangostin theo phng php ca M

15

o Cc siai oan chnh:

Giai on 1 : Ciui b nguyn liu
Giai on 2. C it xiit: theo op ngm nng, dung mi l toluen.
Giai on 3: "J'i ih cli.
+ Bc 1: To sn phm th 1.

+ Bc 2 ; '^no sAn phm th 2.

+ Bc ?; To s.iii phm a-man^ostin .
2.3.I.2. Phng php c

xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton

o S quy trnh:
I f ti
b dc liu

chit
^ -------------- aceton

..... ^1

dch cllit
dung mi
thu hi

, ,. ) chn kli. tiic

khuy trn

:i i :.,;

ncthan

dicloromethan

.cch thu
khuy trn

than hot

b than hot -*

nc ci '

;:o

ha tan

,4^ . ^ ----- -------------

^p (Xg YIQ

kuy trn

nc ci
ra
nc ra

ethanol - mrc

i K

a\', cn
n

Hnh 2.2. S quy tr:

:.uii vi dung mi chit l aceton

16

o Cc 2iai oan chnh:

Giai on 1 : Chun b nguyn liu
Giai on 2 : Chit xut; theo pp ngm nng, dung mi l aceton.
Giai on 3; Tinh ch. Tin hnh qua 2 bc;
+ Bc 1: To sn phm th 1.
+ Bc 2: To sn phm a-mangostin.
2.3.2. Kim tra cht lng sn phm
Sn phm ca quy trnh theo s hnh 2.1 c kim a cht lng theo cc
phng php sau:
- o nhit nng chy
- Tin hnh sc k lp mng
- o ph hng ngoi (IR)
- o ph cng hng t ht nhn ('H-NMR)
- o ph khi lng (MS)
2.3.3. Phng php nh lng:
a-mangostin c nh ng bng phng php sc k lng hiu nng
cao (HPLC).
a. La chn iu kin sc k: Tham kho nghin cu ca cc tc gi Trung
Quc^'^^ v qua thc nghim, iu kin sc k c xc nh nh sau ;
Ct: Supelco C 8
Pha ng: methanol-nc theo t l 75-25
Bc sng pht hin: 242 nm.
Tc dng: Iml/pht.
Th tch mu tim vo ct: 5)J,1.
Nhit bung ct: 30c.
b. Chun b dung dch th :
^ Mau th l nguyn liu:
Cn chnh xc 1 g bt nguyn liu cho vo bnh nn. Thm 50 mL
methanol v tin hnh siu m 60 pht. Tin hnh lc dch chit, b 10 mL

17

dch lc u. nh lng hot cht ong dch chit vi dung mi pha long l
methanol, h s pha long l 2,7 .
o Mau th t dch chit dc liu nhm xc nh hiu sut chit:
nh lng hot cht trong dch chit ln 1, ln 2, ln 3 vi dung
mi pha long l methanol, h s pha long ln lt l l 100; 25 v 6,25 .
o Mu th t dch chit dc liu nhm xc nh h s chn lc:
nh lng hot cht trong dch chit vi dung mi pha long l
methanol, h s pha long l 25.
o Mau th l sn phm:
Cn chnh xc 0,015 g sn phm cho vo bnh nh mc 100 mL.
Thm va methanol, lc cho ha tan hon ton. Thm methanol n vch, ta
c dung dch th.
c. Chun b dung dch chun ;
Cn chnh xc 0,015 g chun, v tin hnh nh vi mu sn phm.
d. nh lng:
Dung dch chun v th c lc qua mng lc 0,45 im.

Tin hnh nh lng mi mu 3 ln theo iu kin sc k xc nh, ly

kt qu trung bnh.

TR:N(; H DUC K N
TH S\n.u
Ngy ...... hny

1
2QA.. \

SoKCB:......... l . l ..............i

18

Chng 3: THC NGHIM, KT QU V BN LUN

3.1. Chit tch a-mangostn theo phng php ca M
3.1.1. Chit xut v tinh ch thu sn phm
Vi mc tiu thu c sn phm cha a-mangostin c tinh khit cao,
chng ti tin hnh chit xut v phn lp hot cht ny theo s hnh 2.1. T
200g nguyn liu ban u, chng ti thu c 2,84 g sn phm.

M t quy trnh
Giai on 1 : Chun b nguyn liu
V qu Mng ct ti c thi mng, sy 70*^c trong 24 gi, sau em
xay thnh bt th, ry (mt ry 2 mm) thu c bt dc liu th. Xc nh m
(a); kt qu: a = 4,56 %. Cn 200 g bt dc liu th, trn u vi 100 mL nc,
18 gi.
Giai on 2: Chit xut.
Tin hnh theo phng php ngm nng, dung mi l toluen (O^TO^^C).
Cc thng s k thut ca qu nh chit xut:
- Khi lng dc liu: 200 g.
- Th tch dung mi: 500 mL/ln chit.
- Thi gian chit: 3 gi/ln chit.
- S ln chit; 2.
- Khuy trn: 30 pht/ln.
- Nhit chit:65-70C
Cch tin hnh: Cho bt dc liu m vo bnh cu, thm dung mi, khuy
trn u dung mi tip xc tt vi dc liu, c khong 30 pht khuy 1 ln. Sau
3 gi, thu dch chit ln 1. Tip theo li dung mi mi vo chit m sau v
tin hnh tng t thu dch chit ln 2 .
Giai on 3: Tinh ch
+ Bc 1: To sn phm th 1

19

Dch chit ln 1 v 2 c gp li, lng v tin hnh lc ht trn phu

Buchner. C dch chit c lc vi my ct quay chn khng nhit 70*^c
v vi t l 9^1 thu c dch chit m c. Chuyn dch chit m c vo trong
cc c m, trng bnh ct quay vi touen; thu c 95 mL dch c c v dch ra.
yn 10*^c trong 24 gi cho to ta. Lc ly ta, ra vi 2 mL toluen lnh thu
c tia ln 1. Ha tan ta ln 1 trong 15 mL toluen nng (70C), tin hnh khy
trn trn ni cch thy cho ta tan ht. ngui nhit phng, sau yn
lO^C trong 24 gi cho to ta; tin hnh lc trn phu Buchner thu c ta ln 2.
Lp li tong t thu c ta ln 3. em sy ta 70*^0 trong 30 pht thu c sn
phm th 1 .

+Bc 2: To sn phm th 2
Ha tan sn phm th 1 trong 60 mL hn hp ethylen glycol v toluen
(5--l). Tin hnh khuy trn trong ni cch thy 80*^c cho ti khi sn phm th 1
tan hon ton, ri chuyn hn lip trn vo bnh gn, phn lp nhit phng
v chit ly lp pha di thu c dung dch ethylen glycol. yn 10*^c trong
24 gi cho kt tinh. Lc v ra tinh th vi 2 mL toluen lnh, ri sy tinh th 70c
t-ong 60 pht thu c sn phm th 2 .

+Bc 3: To sn phm a-mangostin

Ha tan sn phm th 2 trong 10 liL ethanol 96*^, lc ht trn phu
Buchner, trng giy lc v bnh lc vi ethanol 96^ thu c dch lc v dch ra.
Thm t t 50 mL nc vo dung dch trn, khuy trn lin tc n ni cch thy
60C; tip tc khuy n cho n khi thu c ta. Lc v ra ta vi 2 mL hn
hp ethanol-nc (1^1) lnh; sy ta 70^c trong 30 pht thu c sn phm amangostin c mu vng sng (xem hnh 3.4). Cn khi lng sn phm (nipp i) thu
c kt qu rU pp 1 = 2,84 g.

20

3.1.2. Kim tra cht lng sn phm

Nhm xc nh sn phm thu c theo s hnh 2.1 l a-mangostin v

c tinh khit cao, chng ti tin hnh kim tra cht lng sn phm theo cc
phng php mc 2.3.2.

Kt qu kim tra cht lng c th nh sau:

o Nhit nng chy ( tn()

+ Cch tin hnh: Tin hnh o nhit nng chy trn my my o nhit
nng chy Ez-Melt (M).
+

tnc= 181,7c

+ Nhn xt: Sn phm thu c c nhit nng chy o c nm trong

khong nhit nng chy ca a-mangostin (181,6 - 182,6c theo^'^ ^).

Nh vy, s b nhn nh sn phm thu c cha hot cht ny, v c
tinh khit cao.

o s c k lp mng
+ Cch tin hnh: Tin hnh chy sc k lp mng vi mu sn phm thu
c theo 3.1.1 v mu sn phm ny c kt tinh li trong ethylen glycol
trn 2 h dung mi:
+ H 1: Ether du ha - aceton (80

20)

+ H 2: Cloroform - ethyl acetat - methanol ( 8 --1 ^ 0,5 )

+ Kt qu: Rf h 1 v h 2 ln lt l 0,3 v 0,6. Trn c 2 h dung mi,
hnh nh sc k u thu c 1 vt, khng c vt tp tng ng vi tng
mu. H 2 cho vt n p hn.

21

H 1

H 2

Hnh 3.1. Hnh nh sc k lp mng ca sn phm

+ Nhn xt: Sn phm thu c c tinh khit cao.
O P h hng ngoi (IR)
+ Cch tin hnh: Gi mu kim tra. Mu c nghin vi KBr v ph
hng ngoi (IR) ca sn phm thu c theo 3.1.1 c xc nh trn my
Perkin Elmer o trong vng bc sng 4000-400 cm*' ti Vin Ha hc
Vit Nam.
+ Kt qu: thu c ph hng ngoi ca sn phm (xem ph lc 2).
Bng 3.1. Cc gii hp th c trng trong ph hng ngoi

H,CO

CH,

Vmax(crn->)

Nhm chc

3420,4-3263,0

0-H

2919,5

CIQ-H (lin kt
hydro ni phn t)

1640,3

c=c (alken)

1608,2

c=c (nhn thm)

1581,3

c=0
c-o-c (diaryl,

1273,3
1198,3

aralkyl ether)
C-OH

22

+ Nhn xt:
- Hydro trn nhm -O H carbon s 1 c kh nng to lin kt hydro ni
phn t vi nhm -C = 0 carbon s 9 nn trn ph IR quan st c gii
hp th c trng ca nhm c = 0 l 1581,3 cm' v C '0-H l 2919,5 em '.
Cc nhm 0-H cn li khng to lin kt hydro, c gii hp th l 3263,03420,4 cm-\
- Kt qu phn tch ph hng ngoi cho php chng ti nhn bit cc gii
hp th c ng ca cc nhm chc in hnh ca a-mangostin.
o Ph cng hng t ht nhn (^H-NMR)
+ Cch tin hnh: Gi mu kim a. Ph *H-NMR ca sn phm c
xc nh trn my AV 500 MHz ti phng phn tch ph cng hng t
ca Vin Ha hc Vit Nam vi dung mi CDCI3.
+ Kt qu: Thu c ph cng hfng t ht nhn ca sn phm (xem ph
lc 3).

Bng 3.2. Kt qu phn tch ph cng hng t ht nhn proton (H-NMR)

C24H 26O6

(ppm)
1,69
1,77
1,83
1,84
3,45
3,81
4,09
5,25-5,30
6,15
6,29-6,31
6,31
6,83
13,76

Vi tr H
3H, s, H3
3H, s,
H3
3H, s, H3
3H, s, c ' H3
2 H ,d ,C H2
3H, s, 0 -CH3
2H, d ,C H2
2H, t, u + u
m , s, -OH
1H, S, u
1H, S, C'H
1H, S, -OH
1H, S, C-OH

+ Nhn xt:
-

Trn ph *H-NMR xut hin cc tn hiu ca hydro cc v tr -OH l do

dung mi la chn khi o l dung dch CDCI3. Tng s nguyn t hydro
xut hin trn ph l 26, ph hp vi cng thc phn t ca a-mangostin.

23

Do s c mt ca oxy trn nhm -OCH 3 nn cc hydro ca nhm ny s

chuyn dch v trng yu hn trn ph *H-NMR. V vy chuyn
dch ha hc ca hydro nhm 0 CH3 l = 3,81ppm, cao hn so vi cc
cc pic ti cc nhm -CCH 3 ( = l,69-l,84ppm).
Hydro trn nhm -OH carbon s 1 c kh nng to lin kt hydro ni
phn t vi nhm -C = 0 carbon s 9, nn chuyn dch ha hc trn
ph 'H-NMR ca hydro C'-OH c gi l 13,76ppm, ln hn so vi
cc pic ca cc nhm -OH cn li.
Tm li: Kt qu phn tch ph cng hng t ht nhn proton ca cht
chit xut c cho thy ph hp vi cng thc a-mangostin. ng thi
cng gn tng ng vi kt qu phn tch trong mt s nghin cu v
hot cht ny [ *H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) c 6 (ppm) tng ng l
13.8, 6 .8 , 25, 5.25, 4.10, 3.8, 3.40, 1.82, 1.79 v 1.65 theo
l

OPh khi lng

+ Cch tin hnh: Gi mu kim tra. Ph khi lng ca sn phm c
xc nh bng my AutoSpec Premier ti Phng th nghim HA VT
LIU - Khoa Ha hc - Trng H KHTN - H Quc Gia H Ni.
+ Kt qu: Thu c ph khi lng ca sn phm (xem ph lc 4)
+ Nhn xt: m/z = 410,0 tng ng vi mnh [M]"^. Ph khi lng ph
hp vi khi lng phn t ca a-mangostin.

Nhn xt chung: T nhng kt qu kim nghim trn c th xc nh sn phm thu

c l a-mangostin v c tinh khit cao, c kh nng ng dng lm cht chun.
Do iu kin th nghim cn hn ch, ng thi sn phm theo pp ca M
c nhn nh l c kh nng ng dng lm cht chun, chng ti tin hnh
tinh ch sn phm ny nhiu ln ng dng lm a-mangostin chun trong cc
nghin cu tip theo.

3.2. La chn dung mi chit xut a-mangostin t 4 dung mi: ethanol 96,
toluen, aceton v ethyl acetat
Trn c s chn l dung mi c kh nng ha tan a-mangostin, d kim,
d thu hi, chng ti tin hnh kho st mt s dung mi sau : ethanol 96, toluen,
aceton v ethyl acetat.

24

3.2.1. nh gi hiu sut chit xut

- Cch tin hnh:

Chit xut theo phng php ngm lnh. Thng s ca qu trnh chit:
- Khi lng dc liu; 5 g.
- Th tch dung mi: 25 mL/ln chit.
- Thi gian chit: 2,5 Mn chit.
- S ln chit: 3.
- Khuy trn: 30 phln.
- Nhit ; nhit phng.
Sau nh lng hot cht vi mu dch chit ln 1, ln 2 v ln 3 tng
ng vi tng dung mi.
Hiu sut chit xut tng ng vi mi ln chit c tnh theo cng thc
sa u :

Qo X f X V X 10^
T c - ___________ __________ X 100 (%)
nidixCdi

Trong :
Co

: Nng

a-mangostin trong dch chit pha long (i^g/mL).

h s pha long ca dch chit.

th tch dch chit mi ln chit (mL).

nidi

khi lng dc liu kh em chit trong mi m (g).

Cdi

: hm

lng a-mangostin trong dc liu em chit ( 4.42 % )

- Ket qu:
Kt qu th hin bng sau;

25

Bng 3.3. Hiu sut chit tng ng vi mi ln chit

- Nhn xt:
+ Hiu sut ca qu nh chit xut sau 1 ln chit sp xp theo th t gim
dn tng ng vi cc dung mi l: aceton > toluen > ethyl acetat > ethanol 96.

26

+ Hiu sut ca qu trnh chit xut sau 2 ln chit sp xp theo th t gim

dn tng ng vi cc dung mi l: aceton > ethanol 96 > toluen > ethyl acetat.
+ Hiu sut ca qu trnh chit xut sau 3 ln chit sp xp theo th t gim
dn tng ng vi cc dung mi l: ethanol 96 > aceton > toluen > eiyl acetat.

Kt qu c th hin biu sau;

120 1
96.83
100 -

84.03

80 2
60 3* 40 <S
0>
20 0 Ethanol
96%

Ethyl acetat

Aceton

Toluen

Dung mi

Hnh 3.2. Biu hiu sut chit a-mangostin qua cc ln chit

3.2.2. nh gi h s chn lc (a)

- Cch tin hnh:
Chit xut theo phng php ngm lnh. Thng s ca qu trnh chit:
- Khi lng dc liu: 5 g.
- Th tch dung mi: 25 mL/ln chit.
- Thi gian chit: 2,5 h/ln chit.
- S ln chit: 3.
- Khuy trn: 30 phln.
- Nhit : nhit phng.

27

Xc nh nng hot cht trong dch chit. Sau dch chit c c di

p sut gim thu c dung dch m c, ri tin hnh c ong ni cch thy n
cn. Sy cn nhit 50*^c n khi lng khng i. Cn khi lng cn kh.
H s chn lc ca dung mi c tnh theo cng thc :

C o X x V x 10

a =

-6

Trong :
Co

: nng a-mangostin trong dch chit pha long (ng/mL)

: h s pha long (f="25).

: Th tch dch chit (mL)

: Khi lng cn (g)

nh gi: H s chn lc cng ln th dung mi cng chn lc. Khi ,

dch chit cng t tp v qu trnh tinh ch thuiu li hn.
- Kt qu:
Tin hnh theo mc 2.3.4 phn b. Kt qu thu c nh sau:

Bng 3.4. nh hng ca yu t dnng mi n h s chn lc

Co

Ethanol 96"

56.5

156.27

0.9353

0.2360

Ethyl acetat

53.0

82.35

0.3690

0.2957

Aceton

62.0

137.75

0.3299

0.6472

Toluen

60.5

122.77

0.3326

0.5583

- Nhn xt:
H s chn lc sp xp theo th t

U11 dn tng ng vi cc dung mi

nh sau: aceton > toluen > ethyl acetat > ethanol 96.

28

3.2.3. Nhn xt chung

Ethyl acetat: Dung mi ny c nhiu nhc im nht trong s bn dung

mi nghin cu: c h s chn lc nh ( dch chit nhiu t p ), hiu sut chit
l thp nht.

Ethanol 9: Tuy cho hiu sut chit co nht, song ethanol 96 li c h s

chn lc thp nht. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, chng ti cng tin
hnh thc nghim chit xut vi dung mi ny. Qu trnh tinh ch kh khn
hn do nhiu tp, m ch yu l cht nha. ng thi, hot cht cng mt
mt nhiu qua qu trnh tinh ch.

Toluen v aceton: Aceton cho kt qu v hiu sut chit v h s chn lc

kh quan hn toluen. Tuy nhin, qu nh tinh ch a-mangostin t dch chit
toluen d dng, c bit l c th thu c ta th t dch chit toluen m
c nn thun li hn cho qu trnh tinh ch.

Kt lun; Chng ti la chn hai dung mi l toluen v aceton tin hnh cc

nghin cu tip theo.

3.3. Xy dng phong php chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l

aceton
3.3.1. Cch tin hnh
Chng ti tin hnh chit xut v tinh ch to sn phm theo pht minh
c ng k ti M v thu c sn phm l a-mangostin. Trong qu nh thc
hin, chng ti nhn thy quy trnh tn thi gian, nhiu cng on v dung mi
chit xut c hi. Do vy, chng ti tip tc nghin cu xy dng phng php
chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton..
e rt ngn thi gian chun b nguyn liu, thi gian chit v tng hiu sut
trong giai on chit xut, chng ti p dng cc bin php sau: s dng siu m,
tng cng khuy trn v tin hnh chit nng^^l ng thi nghin cu quy trnh
tinh ch hiu qu, thu c sn phm hiu sut c th chp nhn c. Khc vi
quy trnh chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l toluen, chng ti khng thu

29

c sn phm th t dch chit aceton m c. Do cn tin hnh tm ra dung

mi c kh nng kt ta hot cht, v oi c nhiu tp. Qua thc nghim,
dicloromethan l dung mi c la chn. Giai on kt tinh/kt ta tip tc loi
tp v thu sn phm cng c tp trung nghin cu. Chng ti tm ra phng
php to ta trong hn hp ethanol-nc-acid acetic.
Sau khi tin hnh kho st nhiu th nghim, chng ti a ra c quy
trnh chit xut v tinh ch a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton (s hnh
2.2). T 200g nguyn liu ban u, chng ti thu c 3,62 g sn phm.

a/ M t quy trnh:
Giai on 1: Chun b nguyn liu
V qu Mng ct ti c thi mng, sy 70c trong 24 gi, sau
em xay thnh bt th, ry (mt ry 2 mm) thu c bt dc liu th. Xc nh
m (a); kt qu: a = 4,56 %. Cn 200 g bt dc liu th.
Giai on 2: Chit xut
Tin hnh theo phong php ngm nng, dung mi l aceton. Cc thng s
k thut ca qu trnh chit xut:
- Khi lng dc liu: 200 g.
- Th tch dung mi: 1000 mL/ln chit.
- Thi gian chit: 30 phln chit.
- S ln chit: 2.
- Khuy trn: 15 phln.
- Nhit chit:40-45'^C.
- Siu m.
Cch tin hnh: Cho bt dc liu vo bnh cu, thm dung mi, khuy trn
u dung mi tip xc tt vi dc liu, lp bnh cu vo b siu m v tin hnh
siu m mc 1, gia nhit trong khong 40-45C, c khong 15 pht khuy 1 ln.
Sau 30 pht, thu dch chit ln 1. Tip theo li dung mi mi vo chit m sau
v tin hnh tng t thu dch chit ln 2 .

30

Giai on 3: Tnh ch

+ Bc 1: To sn phm th 1

Dch chit ln 1 v 2 c gp li, lng v tin hnh lc ht trn phu

Buchner. C dch chit c lc vi my ct quay chn khng nhit 40*^c
thu c dch chit m c. Tip tc c dch chit m c trn ni cch thy n
cn. Ha tan cn vi 60 mL dicloromethan (thnh thong un nh trn ni cch thy
40*^C ha tan d dng hn). Thm vo dung dch dicloromethan 0,4 g than
hot, khuy trn 10 pht, thnh thong gia nhit nh trn ni cch thy (40*^C), ri
tin hnh lc ht trn phu Buchner loi i than hot v thu c dch lc
dicloromethan. yn

trong 24 gi cho to ta (ta mn). Lc ly ta, ra vi

4 mL dicloromethan, sy ta 60*^c trong 30 pht thu c sn phm th 1.

+Bc 2: To sn phm a-mangostin

Ha tan sn phm th 1 trong 40 mL ethanol 96, thm t t 44 mL nc,

va thm nc va khuy trn lin tc. Tip tc thm vo hn hp trn 20 mL
ethanol 96^ ,ng thi khuy trn lin tc thu c dung dch trong. Ton b cc
thao tc n tin hnh trn ni cch thy 70^c. Sau thm vo dung dch 16 mL
acid acetic v yn nhit phng trong 4 gi cho to ta (ta bng, xem hnh
3.3), lc thu c sn phm th 2. Ra sn phm th 2 vi 5 mL hn hp ethanolnc (1^1) lnh; sy ta

70ctrong 30 pht

mu vng sng (xem hnh 3.4).

thu c sn phm a-mangostin c

31

Hnh 3.3. Ta bng cua sn phm th 2

Hnh 3.4. Sn phm a-mangostin

trong hn hp ethanol-nc-acid acetic

1. SP ca pp dng dm toluen
2. SP th 1 ca pp dng dm aceton
3. SP ca pp dng dm aceton

b/ Kim tra cht lng sn Dhm

Cch tin hnh:
- o nhit nng chy ca sn phm.

Tnh ton hiu sut quy nh chit xut a-mangostin. Hiu sut quy trnh
chit xut c tnh theo cng thc:
m,sp
X 100 (%)
n idixC di
Trong :
: hiu sut quy trnh chit xut,
risp: khi lng sn phm thu c (g)
iHdi: khi lng dc liu kh em chit (g).
Cdi :

hm lng a-mangostin trong dc liu em chit

ti theo dc liu kh (4,42 % ).

3.3.2. Kt qu
Tng hp cc kt qu thu c :

32

Bng 3.5. Kt qu v sn phm ca pp vi dung mi chit l aceton

Thng s

tnc(C)

m (g)

T (%)

Kt qu

177,4

3,62

40,95

Trong :
tnc: nhit nng ch ca sn phm
m : khi lng sn phm thu c
r| : hiu sut quy trnh
3.3.3. nh gi
nh gi pp chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton mi xy
dng (pp 2), chng ti tin hnh so snh vi pp ca M (pp 1).
Qua qu trnh thc nghim, v t nhng kt qu thu c, chng ti c bng
so snh sau:
Bng 3.6. Kt qu v sn phm ca 2 quy trnh
---- Phng php
Thng s
Nhit nng chy ca sn phm (*^C)
Khi lng sn phm (g)
Hiu sut quy trnh (%)

pp 1

pp2

181,7

177,4

2,84

3,62

32,13

40,95

Chng ti c mt s bn lun v 2 pp chit xut a-mangostin nh sau:

-

v dung mi chit: Nhn chung, c hai pp u d thc hin, s dng dung

mi thng dng v r tin Hai pp trn u s dng dung mi hu c, d
bay hi, nn kh c hi. Song, nguy c gy c ca toluen cao hon. Do
vy, vn bo h lao ng cn c ht sc quan tm. Trong , dy

33

truyn kn s m bo khng tht thot dung mi, bo v con ngi v

mi ng. ng thi, cn ch bo h lao ng c nhn.
v cch tin hnh: Nhn chung, c hai pp u d thc hin. Tuy nhin, pp
ca M phc tp v tn thi gian. Trong khi , pp mi xy dng vi
dung mi chit l aceton th n gin hn v tit kim thi gian hon.
v hiu sut: T bng kt qu 3.6 c th nhn thy s dng pp vi dung
mi chit l aceton vi iu kin thc nghim c th theo 3 .3.1 cho kt
qu v hiu sut tt hn. iu ny ph hp vi vn pp ca M tin
hnh qua nhiu cng on nn mt mt nhiu hot cht hofn.

Nhn xt:
Phng php chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi chit l aceton c nhng
u im sau:
- Dung mi c mc c hi v gi thnh chp nhn c, d kim.
- Cch tin hnh n gin v tn klii g nhiu thi gian.
- Hiu sut cao hn so vi pp ca M.

34

KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kt lun:
Mc d thi gian c hn v iu kin !h\rc nghim cn th s, chng ti vn
t c 3 mc tiu ra. C th nh sau :
1. chit xut v phn lp c a-mangostin theo pht minh ca
M. chng minh c sn phm chnh l a-mangostn v c tinh
khit cao qua cc kt qu kim nghim v nhit nng chy, sc k lp
mng, ph hng ngoi, ph cng hng t ht nhn *H v ph khi lng.
2.

nh gi c 4 loi dung mi: ethanol 96*^, ethyl acetat,

aceton, toluen. Dung mi chit xut c chn c th l aceton hoc toluen.

3. a ra c quy trnh chit xut a-mangostin vi dung mi
chit l aceton v nh gi quy trnh !v'y (Dung mi c mc c hi v
gi thnh chp nhn c, d kim; cch tin hnh n gin v tn khng
nhiu thi gian; hiu sut cao hn so vi pp ca M).

xut:
Trn y l nhng kt qu nghin c'ru bc u, lm c s cho nhng
nghin cu tip theo. Chng ti xin xut:
1. Ci tin quy trnh mi xy dng thu c sn phm c cht
lng cao hn.
2. Tip tc nghin cu cc t! ng s k thut nh hng n kh
nng chit xut a-mangostin; nhit chit xut, s ln chit, thi gian chit
v nh hng ca yu t siu m.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit:
1. Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia (2011), Mng ct.
<http://v.wikipedia.org/wki/M%C4%S3ng_c%El%BB%A5t>
2. V Vn Chi (1997), Mng ct, T in cy thuc Vit Nam, tr. 724-725.
3. o Hng Cng, Th Thy Vn-(2010), Nghin cu chit tch v xc
nh xanthones t v qu Mng ct (Garcinia mangostana L.), Tp ch khoa
hc v cng ngh i hc Ncmg, 1(40).
4. Nguyn Th Ngc Dao, Nguyn Th Mai Hng, Ngc Lin, Phan Tun
Ngha (2004), Thnh phn polyphenol ca v qu Mng ct - Garcinia
mangostana L. v tc dng c ch s sinh acid ca vi khun Streptococcus
mutans GS-5, Tap Ch Duoc Hoc, (44), tr. 18-21.
5. Nguyn Vn Hn, Nguyn Vit Hng. Hu Ngh (2006), K thut chit
xut dc liu, K thut sn xut dc phm fB mn Cng Nghip Dc,
i hc Dc H Ni, H Ni), l,tr. 134-185.
6.

Phm Hong H (1999), Mng ct, C c Vit Nam, 1, tr. 450.

7. Trn Hng, Nguyn Vit Knh, V v r 1 .o, Bi M Linh, Ng Th Xun

Mai, Hunh Ngc Thy, V Th Bch Tuyt (2006), Phng php chit
xut dc liu, Gio trnh Phiing -bp nghin cu dc liu B mn
Dc liu, i hc Y Dc thnh ph ' Ch Minh, H Ch Minh, . 126.
8.

Tt Li (1999), Mng ct, Nmn, cv thuc, v thuc Vit Nam, tr. 428.

9. Ng Vn Thu (2004), Mng Cit, !!: 'n Dc liu fB mn Dc liu,

i hc Dc H Ni, H Ni), ], tr. 3 73-374.
Ti liu ting A nh;
10.Noritaka Ando, Kazuhiko likubo, Y ichi Ishikawa, Shigeru Nishiyama,
Kazuo Umezawa (2002), The lrsi (!:'

I synthesis of a-mangostin, a potent

inhibitor of the acidic sphingoniN : nase, Tetrahedron Letters, 43(2),

pp.291-293.

11.Mariel Calderon-Oliver, Y o lan d a 1. C liirino, Claudia M. Garcia-Cuellar,

Rebeca Lpez-Marure, R oco M o r a ! 's-Brcenas, Jos Pedraza-Chaverri,
Yesennia Snchez-Prez (2010), T he (x-mangostin prevention on cisplatininduced apoptotic death in L L C -P K l cclls is associated to an inhibition of
ROS production and p53 induction ", Chemico-Biological Interactions,
188(1), pp. 144-150.
12.Apinya

Chaivisuthangkura,

Chaovanahkit,

As u a

Amommart

Jaratrungtawee, Panomwan Panseetn, i miti Ratananukul, Sunit Suksamram

(2008),

Prenylated X an th o n e

of Garcinia mangostana

C o iro o sitio n

(Mangosteen) Fruit Hull, Chroinatogrc:)liia, 69(3-4), pp. 315-318.

13.

Octavio Gonzlez-Cuahutencos, Racl.i M ata, Omar Noel Medina-Campos,

Eva Guadalupe Nolasco-Amaya, M iso! Orozco-Ibarra, Jos PedrazaChaverri, Isabel Rivero-Cruz (2(^09 . R O S scavenging capacity and
neuroprotective effect of a-man<o

3-nitropropionic acid in

i ag ain st

cerebellar granule neurons, Expcrinv' nl and Toxicologic Pathology, 61(5),

pp. 491-501.
14. W. Gritsanapan, W. Pothitirat (2 0 ^").' IIIH^C quantitative analysis method
for the determination of a-mangosti ' in mangosteen fruit rind extracf, Thai
Journal o f Agricultural Science, 42 . :). 7-12.
15.Hans-Peter Ignatow, Rainer Sobo:

J05), Process for isolating of a-

mangostin, United States Paieni.

16.

Feng Jian-guang, Chen L i-q u io iii

content in mangosteen fruit skin \

la

o steen

9). Determination of a-mangostin

fruit skin extract. Journal

o f Food Science and Biotechnoloyy. . .

17.Min-Sik Kim, Que Lan (2007).

j o f alpha-mangostin as a mosquito

larvicide, United States Patent.

18.R.

Malathi, V. Kabaleeswara i. . S.

mangostin, Journal o f chemical c '

19.

Rajan (2000), Structurre of

ui.-raplry, 30(3), pp. 203-205.

The Merck Index 14* edition ( 200 ' . 99 1-992.

PH L C

Ph lc 1 : ng chun ca dung dch -vangostin chun.

\

Hnh P L l.l. th biu din s phu r ca din tch pic vo nng dd

i (iiicg/mL))

Bng P L l.l. S ph thuc cn (' "'1 lch pic vo nng dd

STT

Nng (|ig/ml hay mc; P.)

Din tch pic

50

1665537

100

3300035

150

5003634

200

6670869

250

8215082

Phu lue 2 : Ph IR ca sn phm theo pp ca M

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0
0.5

0.0
4000

3500

2500

3000

2000

1500

W a v e n u rT ib e fs (c m - 1 )

1000

500

Date: Tue Dec 21 04:42:40 2010

Phu lue 3: Ph cng hng t ht nhn prolon 'H-NMR ca sn phm theo pp ca

M
H A N HE --aa M
M aannggoosstti i n - C P
^ -' ': ! 3 - l H

F< - AcjxnisrioiT. ParaMtrers

Date_
?i

202jt
7.

!. uitinucl

ZQO

S5536

mx'i

?i
PL

SF01
iBinsr pcarnetir
3276S

so c .n o n XH2
0 V l/.
c
. 00

14
/\

13

12

11

10

i: ; ., j^
V.0

c> c.!

-o

m ^ sti
tri?^

*^>.

r. /V-i-f ;i r :

mi
Sil i.fVH

i m m

. i ,

.,.-

.. - r;
twfn
'
; :;: .5#%
l i-'""'
v_

\ :lHM
8^i ' i tin 14ffi.rt0SSiil3I|1I^4

/Y n:? dd Odi! Uiqd nos no (g) SuM otm o ij \ 311 nq J