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NGHIN CU NH HNG CA PH GIA HA HC GIM CO NGT N

MT S TNH CHT CA B TNG TNH NNG CAO


Nguyn Quang Ph
Nguyn Thi Huy
Tm tt:
Bi bo trnh by nghin cu nh hng ca ph gia ha hc gim co ngt n tnh cng tc v mt
s tnh cht c l ca b tng tnh nng cao trong phng th nghim
T kha: B tng tnh nng cao; mui silic; tro bay; x l cao; ph gia gim co ngt; ph gia gim
nc bc cao; cng nn; cng ko; m un n hi.
1. T VN
Hin nay trong xy dng cc cng trnh thy li, rt nhiu hng mc cng trnh cn phi s dng
b tng c tnh nng cao. Khi s dng b tng tnh nng cao s m bo c tnh bn rt tt (tnh
chng n mn, chng xm thc, chng mi mn.) ca cc hng mc cng trnh m b tng thng
thng kh p ng c cc yu cu k thut . La chn vt liu ph hp sn xut b tng tnh
nng cao khng nhng mang li hiu qu kinh t cao m cn m bo c cht lng cng trnh.
Cc loi vt liu dng ch to b tng tnh nng cao cn c la chn v phn tch mt cch
hp l. Trong vic s dng vt liu ch to, ngoi cc thnh phn c bn nh xi mng, ct, , nc
th ph gia ha hc ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic thit k v thi cng b tng tnh nng cao. Yu
cu t ra l dng vt liu nh th no ch to b tng tnh nng cao p ng c nhng yu cu k
thut nht nh, qua xut cc phng n thit k cp phi l mt nhim v ht sc cn thit.
2. CC YU CU K THUT
2.1. Cc yu cu i vi hn hp b tng ti
B tng tnh nng cao (HPC) cn p ng cc t hp tnh nng v cng v bn, cng nh
nhng yu cu khc cho cc kt cu cng trnh. B tng s dng cc thnh phn nguyn liu, p dng
cc cng ngh trn, , bo dng c bit. HPC cn c cng sm, fc30,85fc28. Cng chu
nn ti thiu tui 28 ngy 60,0 100MPa (theo Vin B tng Hoa K). bn cao hn b tng
thng tu theo yu cu c kin ngh s dng.
Nhit b tng ti tB<200C, nhit ny m bo b tng khi ln khng b nt do nhit
trong giai on u (1-10 ngy). Mc chnh nhit bn ngoi v trong li khi b tng khng vt
qu mc chnh nhit gy nt.
Ni chung b tng tnh nng cao nn c c st thp nht m vn m bo vic vn
chuyn v khun d dng. st t 5 - 10cm l ph bin. Tuy nhin i vi cc kt cu c mt
ct thp v khong cch gia cc ct thp l rt nh, st ca b tng chn t 15 20cm. Thi gian
gi st khong 1 - 2 gi.
trng thi ti kh nng chy ( st) l mt c tnh quan trng, n th hin trng thi d
dng hoc kh khn ca vic b tng ph thuc vo cc thit b hin c. st c xc nh bng
dng c o st (cn Abrams) ti trng thi trc khi b tng. st yu cu 182cm v phi gi
c ti thiu l 1gi. Yu cu thi gian gi st ln hn thi gian thi cng hon thin kt cu.
2.2. Cc yu cu i vi vt liu
Vt liu ch to HPC c yu cu v cc ch tiu cht ch hn so vi b tng thng v c
qui nh theo tiu chun ASTM. Cc vt liu chnh l: xi mng, cc hp cht ha hc, cc vt liu
khong siu mn, nc, ct liu, cc cht tng do, cc cht lm chm ngng kt.
2.2.1. Xi mng
Tt c cc loi xi mng c s dng phi l xi mng Portland thng (ASTM C150)[1] hoc
TCVN 2682-1992[2] i vi xi mng PC40 v PC50. Cn c cc th nghim xc nh mc nh
hng ca cht bt khi s dng xi mng PCB40.
Khi khng cn thit th hn ch s dng xi mng kiu III theo ASTM[1].
Lng xi mng cao c th dn n nhit tng cao trong khi b tng v vy cn qui nh

lng xi mng ti a l 525kg/m3 b tng. Trong trng hp cn c cng cao hn nn s dng


t l N/X thp (t 0,350,26) vn m bo c cng m lng xi mng dng khng qu
ln gy cc hiu ng ph khng c li cho b tng (to nhiu nhit, t bin v co ngt ln).
2.2.2. Ph gia khong hot tnh
C th khng nh ph gia khong hot tnh (PGKHT) l loi ph gia khng th thiu c
trong b tng tnh nng cao. Vai tr chnh ca PGKHT l b sung ht mn cho b tng nhm tng tnh
dnh kt gia cc ht rn, lm gim nguy c tch nc trong b tng, ci thin tnh ng nht trong b
tng. Ngoi ra, PGKHT cn c tc dng khc nh gim phn ng kim-ct liu.
PGKHT c th bao gm mt trong cc loi sau: Tro bay (FA), Silica fume (SF), X l cao
(Slag). Ngoi ra, cng c th dng tro tru nghin mn hoc mta caolanh.
2.2.3. Ph gia ha hc
Cc hp cht ha hc ni chung u c sn xut t licnin sunphonat, cc axt
cacbonxiclic (phenol cao phn t) c hydrat ha, cc nhm hydrat-cacbon, melamin, naptalin, cc
cht gia tc v c v hu c di cc dng cng thc khc nhau. Vic chn loi v liu lng cn
tin hnh bng cc thc nghim. Cc hp cht ha hc gp phn tng ng k cng nn, kim
sot tc ng rn, thc y nhanh cng , ci thin kh nng lm vic v bn lu.
2.2.4. Ct liu th
Ct liu th thng thng c s dng l dm. Vic la chn dm ch to b tng
HPC cn c kch thc ti a ca ct liu khng ln hn 25mm v c phn trm l rng thp. Th tch
ln cht ca cho b tng HPC thng t 0,65 0,72.
Vi b tng c cng nn nh hn 60MPa th cng ti thiu ca gc phi ln hn
100MPa. Vi b tng c cng nn t 62 100MPa (D=19,5-12,5mm) cng chu nn ti thiu
ca t 100 120MPa.
Ct liu l tng l ct liu sch dng khi c cnh v c t nht lng cc ht dt v di, c
cng cao.
Thnh phn ht ca ct liu ln phi ph hp vi thnh phn ht ca tiu chun c ghi trong
TCVN 7570-2006[3], ASTM D448, tiu chun Chu u N13043-2002.
Lng ngm cc cht c hi v kh nng phn ng kim ct liu trong si hoc dm nh hn
cc quy nh ca tiu chun 7572-2006[3].
2.2.5. Ct liu mn
Ct liu mn cng l mt phn rt quan trng ca hn hp b tng m n nh hng ln kh
nng lm vic trong qu trnh . Ni chung, HPC c th c sn xut khi s dng mt loi ct trn
t nhin hoc nghin t vi vi m un ln t 2,6 n 3,2. Thnh phn ct liu mn ph hp vi
yu cu tiu chun AASHTO:
Ct liu mn phi c ht bn, cng v sch, khng ln bi, bn, st, cht hu c v nhng tp
cht khc. Vic phn tch thnh phn ht ca ct liu mn phi thc hin theo TCVN 7570-2006[3] hoc
AASHTO-T27.
Hm lng cc tp cht c hi trong ct liu mn khng c vt qu gii hn quy nh trong
TCVN7572-14-06[4].
2.2.6. Nc
Cc loi nc s dng trong b tng HPC cho vic trn, bo dng hoc cc ng dng khc
phi l nc ung c, ngoi ra nc s dng cho HPC phi m bo sch hp l v khng ln
du, mui, axt, cht kim, thc vt v bt k cht no khc gy h hng i vi sn phm hon thin.
3. TH NGHIM NH HNG CA PH GIA HA HC SRA N MT S TNH CHT
C L CA HPC
3.1. Cc loi vt liu s dng trong th nghim
3.1.1. Xi mng
Xi mng Pooclng c cng 49,7MPa tui 7 ngy v 60MPa tui 28 ngy. Thnh phn
ha hc v cc thuc tnh vt l c thng k trong bng 1.

SiO2
20,60

Bng 1. Thnh phn ha hc v thuc tnh vt l ca xi mng Pooclng


Khi lng
c trng b
Mt s thnh phn khong vt (%)
ring
mt
Al2O3 CaO
MgO Fe2O3
SO3
Loss
(g/cm3)
(m2/kg)
5,03
64,11 1,46
4,38
1,72
1,18
3,15
450

3.1.2. Ph gia khong


Ph gia khong c s dng trong th nghim gm c: Silica fume (SF), tro bay (FA), v x
l cao. Thnh phn ha hc v cc thuc tnh vt l ca cc loi ph gia khong c thng k trong
bng 2.
Bng 2. Thnh phn ha hc v thuc tnh vt l ca cc ph gia khong
Khi
Mt s thnh phn ha hc
c trng
Ph gia
lng
b mt
khong
ring
SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Fe2O3 SO3 Loss
(m2/kg)
(g/cm3)
Silica
93,15
0,97
1,01
0,43
0,88
0,50 1,50
2,10
24000
fume
Tro bay
49,39 33,36 4,92
4,13
0,85
1,96 2,49
2,20
615
X l cao 33,12 11,80 1,17 34,95 10,75 0,69 1,23
2,89
439
3.1.3. Ct liu nh
Ct liu nh c s dng trong th nghim l ct t nhin. Cc thuc tnh ca ct liu nh
(ct) c thng k trong bng 3.
Bng 3. Cc thuc tnh ca ct liu nh (ct)
Khi lng th tch trng
thi kh

Khi lng th tch

ht nc

(g/cm )

(g/cm )

(%)

2,66

1,65

1,50

Mun ln
2,90

3.1.4. Ct liu ln
Ct liu ln s dng trong th nghim l . Thnh phn ca c c t 5 - 10 mm chim
60%, c t 10 - 20 mm chim 40%. Cc thuc tnh ca ct liu ln c th hin trong bng 4.
Bng 4. Cc thuc tnh ca ct liu ln
Khi lng th tch trng thi kh

Khi lng th tch

ht nc

(g/cm3)

(g/cm3)

(%)

2,76

1,70

0,50

3.1.5. Ph gia ha hc
Ph gia ha hc s dng trong th nghim gm c ph gia gim co ngt (SRA) v ph gia
gim nc bc cao (HRWR). Bng 5 ch r tn nhn hiu, tn ha hc, mu, v khi lng ring ca
cc ph gia c s dng.
Bng 5. Cc thuc tnh ca ph gia ha hc
Tn ph gia
HRWR
SRA

Nhn hiu
PCA (1)
JMSBT-SRA

Tn ha hc v thnh
phn
Poly-naphthalene
sulfonate
Glycol ether

Mu

Khi lng
ring
(g/cm3)

Nu en

1,04

Vng sng

1,02

3.2. Lng dng ph gia trong th nghim

nghin cu s nh hng ca ph gia ha hc, trong th nghim a ra cch trn b tng


vi 2 t l N/X l 0,22 v 0,4. ng vi mi t l trn th nghim vi 4 t l % ca SRA l 0%, 1%,
2%, v 4% kim tra. Ba ph gia khong c trn l: Silica fume, tro bay, x l cao. Cc ph gia
khong gm 25% FA v 25% x l cao c s dng trong th nghim ng vi t l trn c N/X=0,4
v 15% SF v 25% FA c s dng trong th nghim ng vi t l trn c N/X=0,22. S pha trn
HPC c th hin trong bng 6.

N/X
0,4
0,22

Tro bay
(kg/m3)
100
155

Bng 6. T l trn b tng (theo khi lng)


Silica
X l
Xi

Ct
fume
cao
mng
(kg/m3)
0
93

(kg/m3)
100
0

(kg/m3)
200
372

(kg/m3)
1110
1150

(kg/m3)
740
630

Nc

HRWR
(PCA-I)

(kg/m3)
160
136,4

(kg/m3)
2,8
15,5

3.3. Phng php th nghim


B tng c trn bng my trn. c mu hnh khi lp phng vi kch thc 100 mm x
100 mm x 100 mm v kim tra tui 3, 7, 28 v 90 ngy tui theo GBJ82-85. c mu hnh khi vi
kch thc 100 mm x 100 mm x 300 mm v o mun n hi 7 v 28 ngy tui theo ASTM C469
v GB/T 50081-2002. Qu trnh c mu phi c lc v rung k, sau nh k hiu phn bit
tng mu ring r. Cc mu c bo qun 200C v m 50%.
3.4. Kt qu th nghim
Kt qu kim tra b tng ti vi cc t l trn ph gia SRA khc nhau khc nhau c thng
k bng 7.
Bng 7. Kt qu kim tra b tng ti
SRA
Trng lng ring
(%)
(kg/m3)

N/X

0
1
2
4
0
1
2
4

0,4

0,22

st
(cm)

2380
2370
2270
2150
2520
2520
2490
2450

21,4
21,8
22,0
23,4
14,2
14,2
14,8
15,3

Kt qu kim tra Cng nn c thng k bng 8; Cng ko trong bng 9; M un


n hi trong bng 10.
Bng 8. Kt qu kim tra cng nn ca b tng
Cng nn fc' (MPa)

Tui
(Ngy)
3
7
28
90
Tui

0% SRA
21,42
37,50
57,94
71,93

N/X = 0,4
1% SRA 2% SRA
21,19
18,73
36,75
36,24
56,90
56,79
68,93
68,62

4% SRA
16,50
31,69
52,31
61,86

0% SRA
62,35
75,69
106,49
112,26

N/X = 0,22
1% SRA 2% SRA
60,74
54,02
74,54
69,08
99,85
99,05
109,47
100,18

4% SRA
50,25
57,68
88,45
98,36

Bng 9. Kt qu kim tra cng ko ca b tng


Cng ko fsp (MPa)

(Ngy)
0% SRA
3
7
28
90

1,89
2,75
4,46
5,15

N/X = 0,4
1% SRA 2% SRA
1,88
2,53
4,30
4,85

1,85
2,34
4,38
4,26

4% SRA

0% SRA

1,58
2,28
4,26
4,48

4,54
5,22
6,56
7,40

N/X = 0,22
1% SRA 2% SRA
3,84
4,77
6,34
7,15

3,83
4,69
6,27
6,57

4% SRA
3,69
4,68
5,95
6,05

Bng 10. Kt qu kim tra m un n hi ca b tng


Mun n hi Ec (GPa)

Tui
(Ngy)
7

0% SRA
35,82

28

41,85

N/X = 0,4
1% SRA 2% SRA
35,51
34,06
41,75

40,22

4% SRA
31,26

0% SRA
46,60

38,69

49,71

N/X = 0,22
1% SRA 2% SRA 4% SRA
46,48
46,00
40,62
48,98

48,20

48,08

4. KT LUN
Ph gia SRA nh hng n khi lng ring v st ca hn hp b tng. Khi tng hm
lng SRA th st tng ln v trng lng ring ca hn hp b tng gim xung.
i vi hn hp b tng sau khi ng rn th ph gia SRA nh hng n cng chu nn,
cng chu ko v m un n hi ca b tng. Khi tng hm lng SRA th cng nn, cng
ko v m un n hi u gim xung. Tuy nhin, trong thnh phn ca HPC cn c ph gia gim
co ngt m bo tnh bn v trnh hin tng co ngt ca b tng. V vy, trong thit k thnh
phn b tng tnh nng cao cn c ph gia gim co ngt SRA.
Tm li, ph gia SRA l mt ph gia ha hc kh quan trng trong vic thit k hn hp b
tng tnh nng cao. Khi s dng cn tnh ton mt cch hp l v ngoi tc dng lm tng st cho
hn hp b tng n l nguyn nhn dn n gim cng . Tuy nhin trong cc th nghim v co
ngt cho HPC th y l ph gia gim co ngt rt hiu qu. Phn nghin cu ny s c cp cc
bi bo tip theo.

Ti liu tham kho


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Tiu chun ASTM C150.


Tiu chun TCVN 2682-1992.
Tiu chun TCVN 7570-2006.
Tiu chun TCVN7572-14-06.
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 209R-92. 1992. Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage,
and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures. ACI Manual of Concrete Practice. Farmington
Hills: American Concrete Institute.
6. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 223-98. 1998. Standard Practice for the use of
Shrinkage Compensating Concrete, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice Part I: Materials and
General Properties of Concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute.
7. ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, ASTM C 138M-01a: Standard
Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.
ASTM International, United States.
8. ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, ASTM C 143M-03: Standard
Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. ASTM International, United States.
9. ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, ASTM C 157M-03: Standard
Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete. ASTM
International, United States.
10. GBJ 82-85: Chinese standard, Test Methods of Durability and Long-term Performance of
Ordinary Concrete, Beijing, 1985.
11. GB/T 50081-2002: Chinese standard, Test Method of Mechanical Properties on Ordinary
Concrete.

Abstract:

Study on the influence of shrinkage reduced admixture to some mechanical


properties of high performance concrete
This paper presents studying the influence of shrinkage reduced admixture to workability and some
mechanical properties of high performance concrete in the laboratory.
Keywords: High-performance concrete (HPC); silica fume (SF); fly ash (FA); slag; shrinkagereducing admixture (SRA); high-range water-reducing admixture (HRWR); compressive strength;
elastic modulus; splitting tensile strength

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