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Bi 1 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
T a 2 b 2 c 2 2abc 12
3
ab bc ca
Gii
Vi ba s a 1, b 1, c 1 theo nguyn l Dirichlet tn ti t nht hai s cng du hoc c t nht 1 s
bng 0 . Do vai tr a, b, c bnh ng nn khng mt tnh tng qut gi s :
( a 1)(b 1) 0 ab a b 1
T 2(ab bc ca ) 1 12
3
3
3
2(ab bc ca) 6
6
1
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
3 3 2(ab bc ca ).6
3
3
.6
1 17
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
Vi a b c 1 th T 17 . Vy gi tr nh nht ca T l 17 .
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2(1 y 3 ) y 2 x 2 2 xy 3 y 8 (1)
Bi 2 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
x 2 ( x 6) x(12 y 3 ) 8
(2)
( x, y )
Gii:
iu kin : xy 0 (*) . Ta s ch ra h c nghim y 0 bng hai cch sau :
Cch 1: (Dng phng php nh gi)
(2) x 3 6( x 2 2 x 1) 2 xy 3 x3 6( x 1)2 2 xy 3 0 ( v xy 3 y 2 xy 0 theo (*))
x 0 , kt hp vi (*) suy ra y 0 (3)
2 ( x ).( 2 y )
y 8 2 y2
Hcmai.vn
y 8
2
2 y
x 2 y
y8
2 y 8 8 y 0 (4)
(1) xy 2 2 y 2 2 xy 2 y 3
y8 2 0
2
y xy 2 y 2 xy 2 y
0 y xy 2 y
3
( y 8)2 2 3 y 8 4
2
1
y 0 ( v xy 2 y
0 , xy 0 )
2
3 y 8 1
3
0
2
y 8 1 3
2 2
Khi h c dng: 2
x ( x 6) 12 x 8
x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 0 2 x 3 x3 6 x 2 12 x 8
2x
( x 2)3 3 2 x x 2 x
2
1 3 2
Vy nghim ca h l: ( x; y) 3 ;0
1 2
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11 1
Bi 3 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c nh A ; .
2 2
MCB
v BMC
1350 .
Mt im M (1; 1) nm trong hnh bnh hnh sao cho MAB
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Dng im E sao cho ABEM l hnh bnh hnh, khi DCEM cng l hnh bnh hnh
A1 C
2
E
BECM ni tip ng trn BEC
BMC
1800 (1)
Ta c:
C
2
1
A1 E
1
Ta c MA
5
45
3 10
2 25
AD
AD 2 MA2 MD 2 2 MA.MD.cos
AMD
5 2.
. 5.
2
2
2
2
2
5
11 1
Suy ra D thuc ng trn tm A ; bn knh AD
c phng trnh:
2
2 2
2
11
1
25
x 2 y 2 11x y 18 0
x y
2
2
2
Khi ta im D l nghim ca h :
2
2
x 2
x 3
D(2;1)
x y 11x y 18 0
hoc
.
2
2
x y 2 x 2 y 3 0
y 1
y 2
D(3; 2)
y 3 x 1 2 x 2 y
Bi 4 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
3 xy 2 2 x 2 y 2 1 0
x 1 2 x 1
(1)
( x, y )
(2)
Gii:
iu kin: 1 x 2 (*)
Vi iu kin (*) ta c (2) y 2 (3 x 2) 2 x 1 y 2
Xt hm s f ( x )
2x 1
3x 2
1
2x 1
0 vi x 1; 2
vi x 1; 2 . Ta c f '( x )
3x 2
(3 x 2)2
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y 1
y 1
x 1
(3*)
2
0
y 1 y y 2 2 x
y 1
2 x y 2 y 2 0 (3)
(1 y ) x 1 0
1 x 2
2
1 y 1 ( y 1) 2 x y y 2 0
Khi (3) (1 y ) x 1 ( y 1)
x 1
(tha mn h)
2 x y2 y 2 0
y 1
Vy h c nghim ( x; y ) (1; 1) .
Cch 3 (V c Tng) Ta c (2) x (3 y 2 2) 2 y 2 1 x
Vi iu kin 1 x 2 1
2 y2 1
2 1 y 1
3 y2 2
2 y 2 1
2 y2 1
2
3y2 2
3 y2 2
y 3 y 2 (1 y )
2 y2 1
2
(3) vi y 2
2
3y 2
3
2 y2 1
2 y2 1
y
1
2
3y2 2
3
y
1 y2
4 y2 3
(
y
1)
0
3 y2 2
3y2 2
1 y
(4 y 2 3)( y 1)
y 1 y 1( y 2 y 2) (1 y )
0
2
2
3
y
2
3
y
1 7
V 1 y 1 nn 1 y 0 v ta c y y 2 y 0 , y
2 4
nn
Do
y 1( y 2 y 2) (1 y )
1 y
(4 y 2 3)( y 1)
0 vi mi 1 y 1
3y2 2
3 y2 2
Vy h c nghim ( x; y ) (1; 1) .
Ch : V d trn ta c th ch ra y 2 1 bng cch phn tch:
y2
2x 1 2
1
2 1
1 vi x 1 .
3 x 2 3 3(3x 2) 3 3
Hcmai.vn
Bi 5 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn 5a 2 12abc 16b 2 27c 2 60 .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc T a 2b 3c .
(Da trn tng t bi ca mt bn hi thy)
Gii
x a
t y 2b , khi
z 3c
x, y , z 0
2
2
2
5 x 2 xyz 4 y 3 z 60 (*)
2
3 z 60
20 z 0
yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
. Do x 0 x
5
5
2
2
Khi p dng bt ng thc AM GM (Cauchy) vi hai s dng 15 y ; 20 z ta c:
(15 y 2 ) (20 z 2 )
yz
yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
35 ( y z ) 2
2
x
5
5
10
60 ( y z )2 10( y z ) 25 60 ( y z 5) 2 60
35 ( y z ) 2
Suy ra T x y z
yz
6
10
10
10
10
Vi a b c 1 tha mn iu kin bi ton v T 6 . Vy gi tr ln nht ca T l 6 .
Suy ra x
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x2 5 x
y 2 5 y 5 (1)
y4 4 2 y
( x, y )
(2)
Gii:
Bc 1: Ta s khai thc phng trnh (1) chi ra y x bng hai cch sau :
Cch 1: (1) x2 5 x
5
2
x2 5 x y2 5 y
y 5 y
x 2 5 x ( y ) 2 5 ( y ) (*)
Xt hm s f (t ) t 2 5 t f '(t )
t
t2 5
t t2 5
t2 5
Hcmai.vn
t t
t2 5
0 , t
(3)
5 y2 5 y
5
x2 5 x
2
2
2
y 2 5 y2
y
x 5 x y 5 y (a)
Cch 2: (1)
y 2 5 y x 2 5 x (b)
5
x
x
5
y2 5 y
x2 5 x2
x 5 x
Cng v vi v ( a) v (b) ta c: 2( x y ) 0 y x (3)
Bc 2: Thay (3) vo (2) ta c: 7 x 2 2 5
x 4 4 2 x 7 x 2 10 x 14 5 x 4 4 0 (2*)
gii (2*) ta c:
x 4 4 x 4 4 x 2 4 4 x 2 ( x 2 2) 2 (2 x) 2 ( x 2 2 x 2)( x 2 2 x 2)
Cch 1: Ta c: 2
2
2
7 x 10 x 14 ( x 2 x 2) 6( x 2 x 2)
Nn (2*) ( x 2 2 x 2) 6( x 2 2 x 2) 5 ( x 2 2 x 2)( x 2 2 x 2) 0
a x 2 2 x 2
+) t
b x 2 2 x 2
a, b 0
+) Vi a 3b a 2 9b 2 : x 2 2 x 2 9( x 2 2 x 2) 8 x 2 20 x 16 0 (v nghim).
+) Vi a 2b a 2 4b 2 : x 2 2 x 2 4( x 2 2 x 2) 3x 2 10 x 6 0 x
5 7
3
5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7
Thay vo (3) ta c nghim ca h l: ( x; y )
;
;
,
3
3
3
3
Cch 2: (S dng k thut nhn lin hp)
3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3 x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
x 4 4 x 8 5 x 4 4 x 8 5 x 4 0
x 4 9 x 64 x 36 0
x 4 3 x 6 (10 x) 0
x 4 (3 x 10 x 6)(3 x 10 x 6) 0
(3*) 3x 2 10 x 6 4 x 2 8 5 x 4 4 0
2
Hcmai.vn
3x 2 10 x 6 4 x 2 8 5 x 4 4 (3x 2 10 x 6) 0
5 7
.
3
5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7
Thay vo (3) ta c nghim ca h l: ( x; y )
;
;
,
3
3
3
3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bi 7 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC ngoi tip ng trn tm
J (2;1) . Bit ng cao xut pht t nh A ca tam gic ABC c phng trnh 2 x y 10 0 v
D (2; 4) l giao im th hai ca AJ vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC . Tm ta cc nh ca
A(2; 6)
2 x y 10 0
y 6
Gi E l giao im th hai ca BJ vi
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC . Khi :
CpD
AmE EnC
EnC
AmE DqB
DqB
CpD
(1)
hay ECD
AmE DqB
1
EBD 2 sd ECD
Mt khc:
1 sd
DJB
AmE sd DqB
2
DJB
(2)
DB DC (2*)
hay tam gic DBJ cn ti D , suy ra DB DJ (*) . Li c
A1 A
2
T (*) & (2*) suy ra: DB DJ DC hay D l tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic JBC
Suy ra B, C nm trn ng trn tm D (2; 4) bn knh DJ 5 c phng trnh :
( x 2) 2 ( y 4) 2 25 . Khi ta im B l nghim ca h:
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
Hcmai.vn
( x 2)2 ( y 4)2 25
x 3
x 2
B (3; 4)
hoc
y 4
y 9 B (2;9)
x y 7 0
Do B c honh m nn ta c B ( 3; 4)
BC i qua B v vung gc vi ng thng 2 x y 10 0 nn c phng trnh: x 2 y 5 0
Khi ta im C l nghim ca h :
( x 2)2 ( y 4)2 25
x 3
x 5
C (3; 4) B
hoc
C (5;0)
y 4
y 0
C (5; 0)
x 2 y 5 0
Vy A(2;6), B ( 3; 4), C (5; 0) .
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(2 y ) x 2 x x xy 1
(1)
Bi 8 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
2 x 2 y xy 2 2 x 2 y 2 3 xy 8 x 3 y 2 (2)
( x, y )
Gii:
Cch 1 (Nguyn Thanh Tng)
iu kin: 0 x 2
Vi iu kin trn khi (2) 2 x 2 ( y 1) 3 x( y 1) 3( y 1) y 2 ( x 1) 5( x 1)
( y 1)(2 x 2 3 x 3) ( x 1)( y 2 5)
y 2 5 2 x 2 3x 3
(*)
y 1
x 1
2 x 2 3x 3
vi x 0; 2 .
x 1
x 1
2 x2 4 x 6
Ta c: f '( x )
; f '( x) 0 2 x 2 4 x 6 0
2
( x 1)
x 3
Xt hm s f ( x )
f (0) 3
min f ( x ) 1
x0;2
Khi f (1) 1
. Do f ( x ) lin tc trn on 0;2 , suy ra 1 f ( x) 3
m axf ( x) 3
5
x0;2
f (2) 3
y 2 y 4 0
y2 5
T (*) 1
3 2
y2 3 y 2 0 1 y 2
y 1
y 3 y 2 0
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Ta c: (1) (2 y ) x (2 y ) 2 x x y x (2 y ) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0 (2*)
(2 y ) 2 x 0
0 x 2
Vi
x y 0
(2 y ) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0
1 y 2
( y 1) x 0
x 0
Khi (2*) (2 y) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0
tha mn (2) .
y 2
Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( x; y ) (0; 2)
Nhn xt: Thc ra bi ton trn tc gi mn s liu v tng t bi ton cho im trong thi
2 x 2 3x 3
x 1
trn on 0; 2 . Sau khi c bin tu, che y v nh nhiu bng cc s liu i km cng vi
i hc khi D 2013 va qua Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s f ( x )
xy 1 0 (2 y )( x 1) 0
x 1
y 1
2
2 x 3x 3 y 5
2(1 x )( x 3)
x 1
0 , x 0;1 . Vy f ( x ) ng bin trn 0;1 .
Xt hm f ( x) 2
; f '( x)
2 x 3x 3
(2 x 2 3 x 3)2
y 1
x 1
1
2
2
f (0) 3 y 3 y 2 5 1 y 2
y 5 2 x 3x 3
3
M theo (3*) ta c y 2 nn suy ra y 2; x 0 . Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( x; y ) (0; 2)
( y 2 5)( x 1) ( y 1)(2 x 2 3x 3)
Hcmai.vn
Bi 9 (Nguyn Thanh Tng).Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC cn ti A v M l trung im ca AB .
11 7
ng thng CM c phng trnh 5 x 7 y 20 0 v K ; l trng tm ca tam gic ACM . ng trn
6 6
5
ngoi tip tam gic ABC c tm nm trn ng thng 2 x 4 y 7 0 v c bn knh bng
. Tm ta cc nh
2
Gii:
ca tam gic ABC , bit A v C c ta nguyn .
Gii:
Gi G , I ln lt l trng tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC . Gi N l trung im ca MA , khi :
CK CG 2
GK // MN hay GK // AB .
CN CM 3
Do I l tm ng trn ngoi tip nn MI AB MI GK (1)
Gi P l trung im ca AC v do ABC cn ti A nn:
MP / / BC
MK / / BC
GI MK (2)
AG BC
GI BC
T (1) v (2) , suy ra I l trc tm ca tam gic MGK
KI MG hay KI CM .
Khi KI c phng trnh: 7 x 5 y 7 0
7 x 5 y 7 0
7
7
7 7
Suy ra ta im I l nghim ca h
x v y I ;
2
2
2 2
2 x 4 y 7 0
5
25
IC 2
Gi C (4 7t;5t ) CM , khi : R IC
2
2
2
1
7
25
21
7t 5t
74t 2 42t 0 t 0 hoc t
(loi) C (4;0)
2
2
2
37
5
7
Ta c IA2 R 2 7m 6 5m
A(1; 1)
m
25
2
2
148m 168m 47 0
72 12
A ;
2
m 47
37 37
74
1 5
Do A c ta nguyn nn A(1; 1) M ; B (0; 4) (v M l trung im ca AB )
2 2
Vy A(1; 1), B (0; 4), C (4; 0) .
10
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2a 5b 6
b 3 4bc
Gii:
Ta c 2b 2 c 2 4(2a b c) 18 2(b 2 2b 1) (c 2 4c 4) 8( a b c) 6 18
24 2(b 1) 2 (c 2) 2 8( a b c ) 8( a b c )
Suy ra a b c 3
Do 0 a b c , nn ta c ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 a (a b)(b c) abc b (a c )2
( x y z )3
p dng bt ng thc AM GM dng xyz
, ta c:
27
3
ac ac
ac ac
4
2
2
2
b(a c) 4.b.
.
4.
( a b c )3 4
2
2
27
27
2
2
2
Khi ab bc ca 4 (*)
p dng bt ng thc AM GM dng 2 xy x y v 3 3 xyz x y z , ta c:
2a 5b 6
Suy ra 2a 5b 6
b 3 4bc 13
Mt khc 0 b 1 , khi : ta c: 5b 6 b b 6 5 b 0 2a 5b 6
Vy 0 2a 5b 6
b 3 4bc 13
b 3 4bc 0
(2*)
13
3
13
Vi a 0; b 1; c 2 tha mn iu kin bi v P 3 . Vy gi tr ln nht ca P bng 3.
CM N CC BN C TI LIU !
Nguyn Thanh Tng
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