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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Bi 1 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:

T a 2 b 2 c 2 2abc 12

3
ab bc ca

Gii
Vi ba s a 1, b 1, c 1 theo nguyn l Dirichlet tn ti t nht hai s cng du hoc c t nht 1 s
bng 0 . Do vai tr a, b, c bnh ng nn khng mt tnh tng qut gi s :
( a 1)(b 1) 0 ab a b 1

2abc 2ac 2bc 2c


Suy ra : a b c 2abc a 2 b 2 c 2 2ac 2bc 2c A
Ta c A (a b) 2 (c 1)2 2(ab bc ca) 1 2(ab bc ca ) 1
2

Vy a 2 b 2 c 2 2abc 2(ab bc ca ) 1 (*)


Khi t (*) v kt hp bt ng thc AM GM ta c:

T 2(ab bc ca ) 1 12

3
3
3
2(ab bc ca) 6
6
1
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
3 3 2(ab bc ca ).6

3
3
.6
1 17
ab bc ca
ab bc ca

Vi a b c 1 th T 17 . Vy gi tr nh nht ca T l 17 .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2(1 y 3 ) y 2 x 2 2 xy 3 y 8 (1)
Bi 2 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
x 2 ( x 6) x(12 y 3 ) 8
(2)

( x, y )

Gii:
iu kin : xy 0 (*) . Ta s ch ra h c nghim y 0 bng hai cch sau :
Cch 1: (Dng phng php nh gi)
(2) x 3 6( x 2 2 x 1) 2 xy 3 x3 6( x 1)2 2 xy 3 0 ( v xy 3 y 2 xy 0 theo (*))
x 0 , kt hp vi (*) suy ra y 0 (3)

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)


Khi : (1) 2 y 2 ( x 2 2 xy 2 y )
2 y2

2 ( x ).( 2 y )

y 8 2 y2

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y 8

2
2 y

x 2 y

y8

2 y 8 8 y 0 (4)

T (3) v (4) suy ra: y 0


Cch 2: (Dng k thut nhn lin hp v nh gi biu thc khng m)

(1) xy 2 2 y 2 2 xy 2 y 3

y8 2 0

2
y xy 2 y 2 xy 2 y
0 y xy 2 y

3
( y 8)2 2 3 y 8 4

2
1
y 0 ( v xy 2 y
0 , xy 0 )
2
3 y 8 1
3

0
2

y 8 1 3

2 2
Khi h c dng: 2
x ( x 6) 12 x 8
x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 0 2 x 3 x3 6 x 2 12 x 8

2x

( x 2)3 3 2 x x 2 x

2
1 3 2

Vy nghim ca h l: ( x; y) 3 ;0
1 2
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11 1
Bi 3 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c nh A ; .
2 2
MCB
v BMC
1350 .
Mt im M (1; 1) nm trong hnh bnh hnh sao cho MAB

Tm ta nh D , bit rng D thuc ng trn c phng trnh (T ) : x 2 y 2 2 x 2 y 3 0 .


Gii:

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Dng im E sao cho ABEM l hnh bnh hnh, khi DCEM cng l hnh bnh hnh


A1 C
2
E
BECM ni tip ng trn BEC
BMC
1800 (1)
Ta c:
C
2
1

A1 E

1

Mt khc : BEC AMD (c.c.c) BEC


AMD (2) .
1800 (*)
T (1) v (2) suy ra
AMD BMC

ng trn (T ) nhn M (1; 1) lm tm v c bn knh R MD 5


3 10
450
. Theo (*) ta c:
AMD 1800 BMC
2
Xt tam gic AMD :

Ta c MA

5
45
3 10
2 25
AD
AD 2 MA2 MD 2 2 MA.MD.cos
AMD
5 2.
. 5.

2
2
2
2
2
5
11 1
Suy ra D thuc ng trn tm A ; bn knh AD
c phng trnh:
2
2 2
2

11
1
25

x 2 y 2 11x y 18 0
x y
2
2
2

Khi ta im D l nghim ca h :
2
2
x 2
x 3
D(2;1)
x y 11x y 18 0

hoc
.

2
2
x y 2 x 2 y 3 0
y 1
y 2
D(3; 2)

Vy D (2;1) hoc D(3; 2) .


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

y 3 x 1 2 x 2 y
Bi 4 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
3 xy 2 2 x 2 y 2 1 0

x 1 2 x 1

(1)

( x, y )

(2)

Gii:
iu kin: 1 x 2 (*)
Vi iu kin (*) ta c (2) y 2 (3 x 2) 2 x 1 y 2
Xt hm s f ( x )

2x 1
3x 2

1
2x 1
0 vi x 1; 2
vi x 1; 2 . Ta c f '( x )
3x 2
(3 x 2)2

f ( x ) nghch bin trn 1; 2 f ( x) f (1) 1 hay y 2 1 1 y 1 (2*)

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Cch 1 (Nguyn Th Duy) Bin i (1) ta c: y 1 y 2 y 2 2 x y 1 x 1 (3)


Do y 1 khng l nghim ca (3) nn (3)

y 1
y 1
x 1
(3*)
2
0
y 1 y y 2 2 x
y 1

T (2*) v (3*) suy ra: y 1 , khi x 1 tha mn h.


Vy nghim ca h l ( x; y ) (1; 1) .
Cch 2 (Nguyn Thanh Tng) Ta c (1) (1 y ) x 1 ( y 1)

2 x y 2 y 2 0 (3)

(1 y ) x 1 0
1 x 2

Theo (*) v (2*) ta c:

2
1 y 1 ( y 1) 2 x y y 2 0

Khi (3) (1 y ) x 1 ( y 1)

x 1
(tha mn h)
2 x y2 y 2 0
y 1

Vy h c nghim ( x; y ) (1; 1) .
Cch 3 (V c Tng) Ta c (2) x (3 y 2 2) 2 y 2 1 x
Vi iu kin 1 x 2 1

2 y2 1
2 1 y 1
3 y2 2

Thay (3) vo (1), ta c: y

2 y 2 1
2 y2 1

2
3y2 2
3 y2 2

y 3 y 2 (1 y )

2 y2 1
2
(3) vi y 2
2
3y 2
3

2 y2 1
2 y2 1
y

1
2
3y2 2

3
y

1 y2
4 y2 3

(
y

1)
0
3 y2 2
3y2 2

1 y
(4 y 2 3)( y 1)
y 1 y 1( y 2 y 2) (1 y )

0
2
2
3
y

2
3
y

1 7

V 1 y 1 nn 1 y 0 v ta c y y 2 y 0 , y
2 4

nn
Do

y 1( y 2 y 2) (1 y )

1 y
(4 y 2 3)( y 1)

0 vi mi 1 y 1
3y2 2
3 y2 2

y 1 0 y 1 (tha mn). Thay y 1 vo (3) ta c x 1 (tha mn)

Vy h c nghim ( x; y ) (1; 1) .
Ch : V d trn ta c th ch ra y 2 1 bng cch phn tch:

y2

2x 1 2
1
2 1

1 vi x 1 .
3 x 2 3 3(3x 2) 3 3

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Bi 5 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn 5a 2 12abc 16b 2 27c 2 60 .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc T a 2b 3c .
(Da trn tng t bi ca mt bn hi thy)
Gii

x a

t y 2b , khi
z 3c

x, y , z 0
2
2
2
5 x 2 xyz 4 y 3 z 60 (*)

Ta vit li (*) thnh: 5 x 2 2 x. yz (4 y 2 3z 2 60) 0 (2*)


Lc ny quan nim (2*) l phng trnh bc hai vi n x , khi :
' y 2 z 2 5(4 y 2 3 z 2 60) ( y 2 15)( z 2 20) (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
2
2
4 y 60 15 y 0
Mt khc vi iu kin (*) ta c: 2

2
3 z 60
20 z 0

yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
. Do x 0 x
5
5
2
2
Khi p dng bt ng thc AM GM (Cauchy) vi hai s dng 15 y ; 20 z ta c:
(15 y 2 ) (20 z 2 )

yz

yz (15 y 2 )(20 z 2 )
35 ( y z ) 2
2
x

5
5
10
60 ( y z )2 10( y z ) 25 60 ( y z 5) 2 60
35 ( y z ) 2
Suy ra T x y z
yz

6
10
10
10
10
Vi a b c 1 tha mn iu kin bi ton v T 6 . Vy gi tr ln nht ca T l 6 .
Suy ra x

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

x2 5 x

Bi 6 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh


7 x 2 2 5

y 2 5 y 5 (1)
y4 4 2 y

( x, y )

(2)

Gii:
Bc 1: Ta s khai thc phng trnh (1) chi ra y x bng hai cch sau :
Cch 1: (1) x2 5 x

5
2

x2 5 x y2 5 y

y 5 y
x 2 5 x ( y ) 2 5 ( y ) (*)

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

Xt hm s f (t ) t 2 5 t f '(t )

t
t2 5

t t2 5
t2 5

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t t
t2 5

0 , t

suy ra f (t ) ng bin v lin tc trn .


Khi (*) f ( x) f ( y ) x y hay y x

(3)

5 y2 5 y
5
x2 5 x

2
2

2
y 2 5 y2
y

x 5 x y 5 y (a)
Cch 2: (1)

y 2 5 y x 2 5 x (b)
5
x

x
5
y2 5 y

x2 5 x2
x 5 x
Cng v vi v ( a) v (b) ta c: 2( x y ) 0 y x (3)
Bc 2: Thay (3) vo (2) ta c: 7 x 2 2 5

x 4 4 2 x 7 x 2 10 x 14 5 x 4 4 0 (2*)

gii (2*) ta c:

x 4 4 x 4 4 x 2 4 4 x 2 ( x 2 2) 2 (2 x) 2 ( x 2 2 x 2)( x 2 2 x 2)
Cch 1: Ta c: 2
2
2
7 x 10 x 14 ( x 2 x 2) 6( x 2 x 2)
Nn (2*) ( x 2 2 x 2) 6( x 2 2 x 2) 5 ( x 2 2 x 2)( x 2 2 x 2) 0

a x 2 2 x 2
+) t
b x 2 2 x 2

a, b 0

phng trnh c dng:

a 2 6b 2 5ab 0 ( a 2b)( a 3b) 0 a 2b hoc a 3b

+) Vi a 3b a 2 9b 2 : x 2 2 x 2 9( x 2 2 x 2) 8 x 2 20 x 16 0 (v nghim).
+) Vi a 2b a 2 4b 2 : x 2 2 x 2 4( x 2 2 x 2) 3x 2 10 x 6 0 x

5 7
3

5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7
Thay vo (3) ta c nghim ca h l: ( x; y )
;
;
,

3
3
3
3


Cch 2: (S dng k thut nhn lin hp)

3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5
3 x 10 x 6 4 x 8 5

x 4 4 x 8 5 x 4 4 x 8 5 x 4 0
x 4 9 x 64 x 36 0
x 4 3 x 6 (10 x) 0

x 4 (3 x 10 x 6)(3 x 10 x 6) 0

(3*) 3x 2 10 x 6 4 x 2 8 5 x 4 4 0
2

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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3x 2 10 x 6 4 x 2 8 5 x 4 4 (3x 2 10 x 6) 0

3 x 2 10 x 6 0 (4*) hoc x 2 10 x 2 5 x 4 4 0 (5*)

+) Cng (5*) vi (2*) ta c: 8 x 2 20 x 16 0 (v nghim)


+) Ta c (4*) x

5 7
.
3

5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7
Thay vo (3) ta c nghim ca h l: ( x; y )
;
;
,

3
3
3

3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bi 7 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC ngoi tip ng trn tm
J (2;1) . Bit ng cao xut pht t nh A ca tam gic ABC c phng trnh 2 x y 10 0 v
D (2; 4) l giao im th hai ca AJ vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC . Tm ta cc nh ca

tam gic ABC bit B c honh m v B thuc ng thng c phng trnh x y 7 0 .


Gii:

AJ i qua J (2;1) v D (2; 4) nn c


phng trn phng trnh: x 2 0
Khi ta im A l nghim ca h :
x 2 0
x 2

A(2; 6)

2 x y 10 0
y 6

Gi E l giao im th hai ca BJ vi
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC . Khi :


CpD

AmE EnC
EnC
AmE DqB

DqB

CpD

(1)
hay ECD
AmE DqB

1
EBD 2 sd ECD
Mt khc:
1 sd

DJB
AmE sd DqB

2
DJB

T (1) v (2) suy ra: EBD

(2)

DB DC (2*)
hay tam gic DBJ cn ti D , suy ra DB DJ (*) . Li c
A1 A
2
T (*) & (2*) suy ra: DB DJ DC hay D l tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic JBC
Suy ra B, C nm trn ng trn tm D (2; 4) bn knh DJ 5 c phng trnh :
( x 2) 2 ( y 4) 2 25 . Khi ta im B l nghim ca h:
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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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( x 2)2 ( y 4)2 25
x 3
x 2
B (3; 4)

hoc

y 4
y 9 B (2;9)
x y 7 0
Do B c honh m nn ta c B ( 3; 4)
BC i qua B v vung gc vi ng thng 2 x y 10 0 nn c phng trnh: x 2 y 5 0
Khi ta im C l nghim ca h :

( x 2)2 ( y 4)2 25
x 3
x 5
C (3; 4) B

hoc

C (5;0)

y 4
y 0
C (5; 0)
x 2 y 5 0
Vy A(2;6), B ( 3; 4), C (5; 0) .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2 y ) x 2 x x xy 1
(1)
Bi 8 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Gii h phng trnh
2 x 2 y xy 2 2 x 2 y 2 3 xy 8 x 3 y 2 (2)

( x, y )

Gii:
Cch 1 (Nguyn Thanh Tng)
iu kin: 0 x 2
Vi iu kin trn khi (2) 2 x 2 ( y 1) 3 x( y 1) 3( y 1) y 2 ( x 1) 5( x 1)

( y 1)(2 x 2 3 x 3) ( x 1)( y 2 5)

y 2 5 2 x 2 3x 3

(*)
y 1
x 1

2 x 2 3x 3
vi x 0; 2 .
x 1
x 1
2 x2 4 x 6
Ta c: f '( x )
; f '( x) 0 2 x 2 4 x 6 0
2
( x 1)
x 3
Xt hm s f ( x )

f (0) 3
min f ( x ) 1

x0;2

Khi f (1) 1
. Do f ( x ) lin tc trn on 0;2 , suy ra 1 f ( x) 3
m axf ( x) 3

5
x0;2
f (2) 3

y 2 y 4 0
y2 5
T (*) 1
3 2
y2 3 y 2 0 1 y 2
y 1
y 3 y 2 0

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Ta c: (1) (2 y ) x (2 y ) 2 x x y x (2 y ) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0 (2*)
(2 y ) 2 x 0
0 x 2
Vi
x y 0
(2 y ) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0
1 y 2

( y 1) x 0
x 0
Khi (2*) (2 y) 2 x x y ( y 1) x 0
tha mn (2) .
y 2
Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( x; y ) (0; 2)
Nhn xt: Thc ra bi ton trn tc gi mn s liu v tng t bi ton cho im trong thi

2 x 2 3x 3
x 1
trn on 0; 2 . Sau khi c bin tu, che y v nh nhiu bng cc s liu i km cng vi
i hc khi D 2013 va qua Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s f ( x )

mt cch tip cn khc th bi ton c lm mi v lt xc i kh nhiu. V vy c rt nhiu


nhng bi ton tng nh kh li c sinh ra t nhng tng kh n gin.
Cch 2 (T Anh)
iu kin: 0 x 2
2(2 y )( x 1)
x
Ta c (1)
x 2 x

xy 1 0 (2 y )( x 1) 0

Vi 1 x 2 , bin i phng trnh (2): y 2 (1 x ) y (3x 3 2 x 2 ) 2 x 2 8 x 2 0 (*)


phng trnh c nghim th:
(3 x 3 2 x 2 ) 2 4( x 1)(2 x 2 8 x 2) 4 x 4 4 x 3 3 x 2 58 x 1 0
(4 x 2 8 x 13)( x 2 3x 2) 35 x 25 0 (2*)
M ta c: 1 x 2 ( x 1)( x 2) 0 x 2 3 x 2 0
(4 x 2 8 x 13)( x 2 3 x 2) 35 x 25 0 , khng tha mn (2*) hay (*) v nghim.
Suy ra 0 x 1 x 1 0 2 y 0 y 2 (3*)
Vi 0 x 1 , bin i phng trnh (2): y 2 (1 x ) y (3x 3 2 x 2 ) 2 x 2 8 x 2 0

x 1
y 1
2
2 x 3x 3 y 5
2(1 x )( x 3)
x 1
0 , x 0;1 . Vy f ( x ) ng bin trn 0;1 .
Xt hm f ( x) 2
; f '( x)
2 x 3x 3
(2 x 2 3 x 3)2
y 1
x 1
1
2
2
f (0) 3 y 3 y 2 5 1 y 2
y 5 2 x 3x 3
3
M theo (3*) ta c y 2 nn suy ra y 2; x 0 . Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( x; y ) (0; 2)
( y 2 5)( x 1) ( y 1)(2 x 2 3x 3)

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Bi 9 (Nguyn Thanh Tng).Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC cn ti A v M l trung im ca AB .
11 7
ng thng CM c phng trnh 5 x 7 y 20 0 v K ; l trng tm ca tam gic ACM . ng trn
6 6
5
ngoi tip tam gic ABC c tm nm trn ng thng 2 x 4 y 7 0 v c bn knh bng
. Tm ta cc nh
2
Gii:
ca tam gic ABC , bit A v C c ta nguyn .

Gii:
Gi G , I ln lt l trng tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC . Gi N l trung im ca MA , khi :
CK CG 2

GK // MN hay GK // AB .
CN CM 3
Do I l tm ng trn ngoi tip nn MI AB MI GK (1)
Gi P l trung im ca AC v do ABC cn ti A nn:
MP / / BC
MK / / BC

GI MK (2)

AG BC
GI BC
T (1) v (2) , suy ra I l trc tm ca tam gic MGK
KI MG hay KI CM .
Khi KI c phng trnh: 7 x 5 y 7 0
7 x 5 y 7 0
7
7
7 7
Suy ra ta im I l nghim ca h
x v y I ;
2
2
2 2
2 x 4 y 7 0
5
25
IC 2
Gi C (4 7t;5t ) CM , khi : R IC
2
2
2

1
7
25
21

7t 5t
74t 2 42t 0 t 0 hoc t
(loi) C (4;0)
2
2
2
37

5
7

Gi M (4 7m;5m) CM , khi K l trng tm tam gic ACM nn A 7 m ; 5m


2
2

Ta c IA2 R 2 7m 6 5m

A(1; 1)
m

25
2
2

148m 168m 47 0
72 12
A ;
2
m 47
37 37

74

1 5
Do A c ta nguyn nn A(1; 1) M ; B (0; 4) (v M l trung im ca AB )
2 2
Vy A(1; 1), B (0; 4), C (4; 0) .

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Kha hc PenC N3 (Thy: L Anh Tun_Nguyn Thanh Tng)

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Bi 10 (Nguyn Thanh Tng). Cho a, b, c l cc s thc tha mn 0 a b 1 c v 2b 2 c 2 4(2a b c) 18 .


13

Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: P ab 2 bc 2 ca 2

2a 5b 6

b 3 4bc

Gii:
Ta c 2b 2 c 2 4(2a b c) 18 2(b 2 2b 1) (c 2 4c 4) 8( a b c) 6 18
24 2(b 1) 2 (c 2) 2 8( a b c ) 8( a b c )
Suy ra a b c 3
Do 0 a b c , nn ta c ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 a (a b)(b c) abc b (a c )2

( x y z )3
p dng bt ng thc AM GM dng xyz
, ta c:
27
3

ac ac

ac ac
4
2
2
2

b(a c) 4.b.
.
4.

( a b c )3 4
2
2
27
27
2
2
2
Khi ab bc ca 4 (*)
p dng bt ng thc AM GM dng 2 xy x y v 3 3 xyz x y z , ta c:
2a 5b 6

b 3 4bc 2a 5b 3.2 b.1 2.3 3 2b.c.2


2a 5b 3(b 1) 2(2b c 2) 2( a b c ) 7 2.3 7 13

Suy ra 2a 5b 6

b 3 4bc 13

Mt khc 0 b 1 , khi : ta c: 5b 6 b b 6 5 b 0 2a 5b 6
Vy 0 2a 5b 6

b 3 4bc 13

b 3 4bc 0

(2*)

13
3
13
Vi a 0; b 1; c 2 tha mn iu kin bi v P 3 . Vy gi tr ln nht ca P bng 3.

T (*) v (2*), suy ra P 4

CM N CC BN C TI LIU !
Nguyn Thanh Tng
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