S giao duc & ao tao Lam ong

E THI E
NGH KY THI OLYMPIC 30.4
Trng THPT Chuyen Thang Long
LAN TH X NAM HOC 2003 2004
MON HOA HOC KHOI 11
Cau 1
Dung dch A ch cha cac ion H+, NO3- va SO42-.
em hoa tan 6,28 gam hon hp B gom 3 kim loai M, M, M co
hoa tr tng ng la 1, 2, 3 vao dung dch A thu c dung dch
D va 2,688 lt kh X gom NO2 va SO2 (kc). Co can dung dch D
c m gam muoi khan.
Tnh m, biet rang kh X co ty khoi oi vi Hiro la 27,5.
Cau 2
1. Gia tr pH cua mot n axit yeu nong o 0,226% la 2,536.
Sau khi pha loang gap oi th pH cua dung dch la 2,692.
a. Tnh hang so phan ly cua axit.
b. Tnh nong o mol cua axit trong dung dch goc.
c. Xac nh khoi lng mol phan t, viet cong thc hoa
hoc cua axit. Biet dung dch au co khoi long rieng d =
1g.ml-1.
2. Co 25 gam dung dch muoi sunfat kim loai hoa tr II bao hoa
800C. Ha nhiet o xuong en 200C th co 8,9 gam tinh the
muoi ngam nc tach ra. Biet o tan cua muoi tren 80 0C
la 53,6g/100 gam nc va 200C la 23g/100 gam nc. Xac
nh cong thc cua muoi ngam nc.
Cau 3
Cho cac hp chat cua Nit: Amoniac, Hirazin, Hiroxylamin,
axit Hirazoic
a. Sap xep cac chat theo th t tnh baz giam dan. Giai
thch.
b. Vi moi mot tnh chat tren viet mot phng trnh phan
ng e minh hoa.
c. Phng phap tot nhat e san xuat Hirazin trong cong
nghiep la cho Natri hipoclorit tng tac vi dung dch
Amoniac khi co chat xuc tac thch hp. Viet phng trnh
phan ng minh hoa.
Cau 4
1. Inden co cong thc phan t C9H8 co cac tnh chat sau:
+ Lam nhat mau dung dch nc brom, dung dch nc thuoc
tm.
+ Hap thu nhanh 1 mol H2 tao thanh Indan (C9H10).
+ Tac dung vi H2 d (xt Ni, t0) tao hp chat C9H16.
+ B oxi hoa bi KMnO4/H2SO4 tao axit Phtalic

Xac nh Cong thc cau tao cua Inden. Viet cac phng trnh
phan ng xay ra.
2. a. So sanh kha nang phan ng the electrophin cua
Naphtalen vi Benzen. So sanh kha nang phan ng (co giai
thch) the electrophin v tr va v tr cua naphtalen.
b. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che ra cac dan xuat
initronaphtalen va axit naphtalenisunfonic t naphtalen.
Cau 5
ot chay hoan toan hirocacbon A, B eu cho CO 2 va hi
nc theo ty le ve the tch la 1,75:1. Cho bay hi hoan toan
5,06 gam A hoac B eu thu c mot the tch hi ung bang
the tch hi cua 1,76 gam Oxy trong cung ieu kien. Cho 13,8
gam A phan ng hoan toan vi dung dch AgNO 3 d trong NH3
thu c 45,9 gam ket tua, chat B khong phan ng. A phan
ng vi HCl cho chat C. B khong phan ng. Chat C cha
59,66% (theo khoi lng) clo trong phan t. Chat C phan ng
vi brom theo ty le mol 1:1 co chieu sang ch thu c 2
dan xuat cha halogen. Chat B lam mat mau dung dch
KMnO4 khi un nong.
1. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C.
2. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.

S giao duc & ao tao Lam ong

E THI E
NGH KY THI OLYMPIC 30.4
Trng THPT Chuyen Thang Long
LAN TH X NAM HOC 2003 2004
MON HOA HOC KHOI 10
Ma so
Ma so
Cau 1
Cac phng trnh phan ng
M + 2 HNO3
MNO3 + NO2 + H2O
M + 4HNO3
M(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
M + 6HNO3
M(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
2M + 2H2SO4
M2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
M + 2H2SO4
MSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
2M + 6H2SO4
M2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
So mol hon hp kh
2, 688
nhh =
= 0,12 mol
22, 4
M X = 27,5 x 2 = 55 mX = 0,12x55 = 6,6 gam
Goi a, b lan lt la so mol cua NO2 va SO2.
Ta co he phng trnh:
a b 0,12
a = b = 0,06 mol

46a 64b 6, 6
Theo cac phng trnh phan ng vi HNO3 va H2SO4 ta co:
So mol NO3- trong muoi = so mol NO2 = 0,06 mol
So mol SO42- trong muoi = so mol SO2 = 0,06 mol
Theo nh luat bao toan khoi lng ta co:
m = mion kim loai + m goc axit = 6,28 + 0,06x(62 + 98) = 15,76 gam.
Cau 2
1. Goi C la nong o mol cua axit trong dung dch ban au.
at CT cua axit la HA
+
HA + H2O
H3O + A
Ban au
C
(mol/lit)
Can bang
Ca
a
a
K=

a2
a2
C
a (1)
C a
K

Sau khi pha loang 2 lan:

+
HA + H2O
H3O + A
C
Ban au
(mol/lit)
2
C
Can bang
b
b
b
2
b2
b2
C 2
b
K= C
(2)
K
b
2
T (1) va (2) ta co:
a2
b2
a = 2( b )
K
K
2
2
a 2b
Suy ra:
K=
2b a
Thay a = 10-2,536 va b = 10-2,692 vao bieu thc tnh K ta c K =
1,83.10-4
b. Thay K vao (1) ta c C = 0,049 mol.l-1
c. Xet 1 lit dung dch ban au mdd = 1000gam
0, 226.1000
2.26 gam
mHA =
100
2.26
46 .v.C
MHA =
0.049
Cong thc hoa hoc cua axit la HCOOH.
2. 800C
Trong 153,6 gam dung dch co 53,6 gam muoi MSO4
25.53, 6
Trong 25 gam dung dch co
= 8,7 gam
153, 6
200C
Trong 123 gam dung dch co 23 gam muoi MSO4
23.16,1
Trong 25 8,9 = 16,1 gam dung dch co
= 3 gam
123
Khoi lng muoi Sunfat tach ra: 8,7 3 = 5,7 gam.
at CT cua muoi sunfat ngam nc tach ra la MSO4.aH2O
8,9
5, 7

Ta co:
M 96 18a M 96
Suy ra: M = 32a 96.
Nghiem hp ly la M = 64, a = 5.
Cong thc muoi ngam nc: CuSO4.5H2O.
Cau 3
Trat t tnh baz sap xep theo th t sau:
NH3 > N2H4 > H2NOH> HN3.
Giai thch:

3 chat au co tnh baz v tren N co cap electron t do cha

tham gia lien ket, co kha nang nhan proton.
NH3 la baz manh nhat v mat o e tren nguyen t N ln
nhat, ke en la hidrazin, hiroxylamin co tnh baz yeu nhat
v O co o am ien ln hn N nen kha nang hut e ln hn N
lam cho mat o e tren N giam, kha nang nhan proton yeu,
dan en tnh baz yeu.
Rieng axit hirazoic la axit v nguyen t H lien ket vi nhom
N3 hut e manh lam cho lien ket H-N b phan cc manh de
nhng proton hn the hien tnh axit.
b. Phan ng minh hoa
NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
H2N-NH2 + HCl = H2N-NH3Cl
(H2N-NH2 + 2HCl = ClH3N-NH3Cl
H2N-OH + HCl = HO-NH3Cl
HN3 + NaOH = NaN3 + H2O
c. Phng trnh phan ng ieu che H2N-NH2
2NH3 + NaOCl xt N2H4 + NaCl + H2O
Cau 4
Inden C9H8 co o bat bao hoa = 6.
Inden lam nhat mau dung dch brom, dung dch thuoc tm
Suy ra inden co 1 lien ket oi ngoai nhan thm.
Khi tac dung vi H2 tao ra C9H10, b oxy hoa bi dung dch
KMnO4 tao axit phtalic nen ngoai nhan thm inden con co mot
vong (phu hp vi chat no C9H16).
CTCT Inden
Inden
Indan

Viet 4 phng trnh phan ng xay ra.

2.
a. Naphtalen phan ng manh hn benzen, v tr cua naphtalen
phan ng manh hn v tr .
Giai thch:
+ Vi naphtalen, phc c on nh bi vong benzen ben
canh.
+ The vao v tr cho 2 trong 3 cong thc gii han co cau
truc ben cua vong benzen, con s the vao ch cho 1 trong
3 cong thc gii han co cau truc ben cua vong benzen.
(Viet cac cong thc gii han)
b.
+ 1,5 hay 1,8 dinitronapthalen
+
Khi t < 800C: axit 1,5 hay 1,6-napthalenisufonic
Khi t > 1500C: axit 2,6 hay 2,7-naphthalendisunfonic

Cau 5
1. Goi CTTQ cua A hoac B la CxHy.
y
y
CxHy + (x + ) O2
xCO2 + H2O
4
2
Khoi lng phan t cua A, B.
5, 06
.32 = 92 .v.C
M=
1, 76.
y
Ty le so mol CO2 va H2O x :
= 1,75:1
2
Suy ra: CTPT cua A, B la C7H8.
Phan t A co lien ket ba au mach. Goi CTTQ cua A la: C 72nH8-n(C CH)n
Ket tua C7-2nH8-n(C CAg)n co M = 306 .v.C vay n = 2.
CTCT co the co cua A la
HC C-(CH2)3-C CH (I), HC CH(CH3)-CH2-C CH (II),
HC C-CH(C2H5)-C CH (III), HC C(CH3)2C CH (IV).
Cong thc cua C: C7H8+xClx
35,5.x.100
Ta co:
= 59,66 x = 4.
92 36,5 x
CTPT cua C la C7H12Cl4
CTCT co the co cua C la:
CH3-CCl2-(CH2)3-CCl2-CH3 (V); CH3-CCl2-CHCH3-CH2-CCl2-CH3 (VI)
CH3-CCl2-CH(C2H5)-CCl2-CH3 (VII); CH3-CCl2-C(CH3)2-CCl2-CH3 (VIII)
Khi brom hoa chat C ch cho 2 dan xuat halogen nen C co
CTCT VIII, A co CTCT IV.