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Chemical Formulae and

Equation

B. The mole and the


number of particles
1. Chlorine
2. Water
3. Ammonia
4. Magnesium chloride, MgCl2
5. Aluminium oxide, Al2O3
6. Sulphur dioxide, SO2
7. Carbon dioxide
The Concept of Mole
One mole is an amount of substance that
contains as many particles as the number of
atoms in exactly 12.000 g carbon-12

Mole is used to describe the amount of


atoms, ions or molecules

1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms, ions,


molecules)
Avogadro Constant
Avogadro Constant is defined as the number of
particles in one mole of a substance which is 6.02 x
1023 mol–1.

This means:
1 mole of iron = 6.02 x 1023 iron atoms
1 mole of water = 6.02 x 1023 water molecules
1 mole of ammonia = 6.02 x 1023 ammonia
molecules
Caution
The particles need to be carefully specified

ATOMIC SUBSTANCES
All metal- sodium(Na), copper(Cu), iron(Fe)
All noble gases- helium(He), argon(Ar), neon(Ne)
Certain non-metals element- carbon & silicon

MOLECULAR SUBSTANCES
some non-metal element- H2, O2, F2. Cl2, S8, P4
All covalent compound- water and carbon dioxide.

IONIC SUBSTANCES
All ionic compounds-Sodium chloride(NaCl), zinc
bromide;Zn(Br)2
Substance Formula Type of No. of atoms per
particlesmolecule/ no. of
+ve and –ve ion
chlorine Cl2 molecule Cl : 2
water H2O molecule H : 2
O:1
Magnesium MgCl2 ion Mg : 1
chloride Cl : 2
Aluminium Al2O3 ion Al : 2
oxide O:3
Mole and the Number of
Particles
23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10

Number
Number
of
of Mol
Particles

23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10
23
1 mol of Cl2 6.02 x 10 molecules of Cl2
2 mol of Cl, 23
No. of Cl atom : 2x 6.02 x 10

23
1 mol of H2O 6.02 x 10 molecules of H2O
2 moles H atoms, 23
No. of H atom:2x 6.02 x 10
1 mol O atom, 23
No. of O atom :1x 6.02 x 10
1 mol of NH3
23
6.02 x 10 molecules of NH3
3 mol H atoms: 23
No. of H atom :3x 6.02 x 10
1 mol N atom:
No. of N atom : 1x 6.02 x 10
23
Example of Calculation 1
Calculate the number of particles contain in
0.4 mol of chlorine atom .
Solution
No. of chlorine atom = number of moles x NA
= 0.4 x 6.02 x 1023
= 2.408 x 1023 atom
23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10
No of Mol No of Particles
23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10
1. Calculate the number of moles
represented by 1.204 x 1023 sodium
atom.

2. Calculate the number of molecules


that contain in 0.05 moles of iodine,
I2 .
23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10

No of Mol No of Particles
23
 NA. = 6.02 x 10
1. 0.2 mol

22
2. 3.01 x 10 molecules

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