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Chng 5:
I. Gii thieu.
II. Thanh ghi chon kieu lam viec cho timer.
III. Thanh ghi ieu khien timer.
IV. Cac kieu hoat ong cua timer va c tran.
V. Cac nguon xung em.
VI. ieu khien cac timer: em, ngng em.
VII.Khi tao va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cua timer/counter.
VIII. Timer /counter T2 cua ho MCS52.
I. GII THIEU:
Trong vi ieu khien 89C51 co 2 timer/counter T0 va T1, con trong vi
ieu khien 89C52 th co 3 timer / counter. Cac timer hay counter ch la
mot va chnh la bo em co chc nang em xung.
Ly thuyet & thc hanh.
85
Chc nang
TCON
TMOD
TL0
Control
Mode
Timer 0 lowbyte
Timer 1 lowbyte
Timer 0 high-
TL1
TH0
a ch
86
88H
89H
8AH
8BH
NO
8CH
NO
byte
Timer 1 highbyte
TH1
8DH
NO
Ten
GATE
Time
r
1
C/T
5
4
3
M1
M0
GATE
1
1
0
2
1
0
C/T
M1
M0
0
0
0
Chc nang
Neu GATE = 1 th Timer 1 ch lam viec khi
INT1= 1.
Bit la chon counter hay timer:
C/T = 1 : em xung t ben ngoai a en
ngo vao T1.
C/T = 0 : nh thi em xung noi ben trong.
Bit chon mode cua Timer 1.
Bit chon mode cua Timer 1.
Neu GATE = 1 th Timer 0 ch lam viec khi
INT1= 1.
Bit la chon counter hay timer: giong nh tren.
Bit chon mode cua Timer 0.
Bit chon mode cua Timer 0.
M0
0
1
0
Kieu
0
1
2
Chc nang
Mode Timer 13 bit (mode 8048)
Mode Timer 16 bit
Mode t ong nap 8 bit
Mode tach Timer ra :
Timer 0 : c tach ra lam 2 timer 8 bit gom co:
Timer 8 bit TL0 c ieu khien bi cac bit cua
mode Timer 0.
Timer 8 bit TH0 c ieu khien bi cac bit cua
mode Timer 1.
Timer 1 : khong c hoat ong mode 3.
K
hieu
TF1
a ch
8FH
Chc nang
C tran Timer 1: TF1 = 1 khi timer 1 b tran
va co the xoa bang phan mem hoac
87
TR1
8EH
5
4
3
TF0
TR0
IE1
8DH
8CH
8BH
IT1
8AH
IE0
89H
IT0
88H
88
89
90
Trong cac ng dung em xung t ben ngoai: cac thanh ghi Timer
se tang gia tr em khi xung ngo vao Tx chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0
(tac ong xung clock canh xuong). Ngo vao nhan xung ben ngoai c
lay mau trong suot khoang thi gian S5P2 cua moi chu ky may, do o
khi xung mc H (1) trong mot chu ky nay va chuyen sang mc L (0)
trong mot chu ky ke th bo em tang len mot. e nhan ra s chuyen
oi t 1 sang 0 phai mat 2 chu ky may, nen tan so xung ben ngoai
ln nhat la 500KHz neu he thong vi ieu khien s dung dao ong
thach anh 12 MHz.
VI. IEU KHIEN CAC TIMER: EM, NGNG EM:
Bit TRx trong thanh ghi TCON c ieu khien bi phan mem e cho
phep cac Timer bat au qua trnh em hoac ngng.
e bat au cho cac Timer em th phai set bit TRx bang lenh:
SETB TR0
; cho phep timer T0 bat au em
SETB TR1
; cho phep timer T1 bat au em
e cac Timer ngng em ta dung lenh Clear bit TRx.
V du Timer 0 bat au bi lenh SETB TR0 va ngng em bi lenh
CLR TR0.
Bit TRx b xoa khi reset he thong, do o che o mac nh khi
m may cac Timer b cam.
Mot phng phap khac e ieu khien cac Timer la dung bit GATE
trong thanh ghi TMOD va ngo nhap ben ngoai INTx nh hnh 5-3. Phung
phap nay c dung e o cac o rong xung.
Gia s xung can o o rong a vao chan INT0, ta phai khi tao
Timer 0 hoat ong mode 1 la mode Timer 16 bit vi gia tr khi tao ban
au la TL0/TH0 = 0000H, bit GATE = 1, bit TR0 = 1. Khi xung a en ngo
vao INT0 = 1 th cong c m e cho xung noi co tan so 1MHz vao
tiemr 0. Qua trnh timer 0 em xung noi se dng lai cho en khi xung a
en ngo vao INT0 xuong mc 0. Thi gian em c cua timer 0 chnh
la o rong xung can o.
VA
TRUY
XUAT
91
CAC
THANH
GHI
CUA
92
cpl p1.0
sjmp loop1
K
hieu
TF2
a
ch
CFH
EXF2
CEH
RCLK
CDH
TCLK
CCH
EXEN2
CBH
TR2
CAH
C/T2
C9H
Chc nang
C tran Timer 2: hoat ong giong nh cac
timer tren (TF2 se khong c thiet lap len
mc 1 neu bit TCLK hoac RCLK mc 1).
C ngoai cua timer T2: ch c set khi xay ra
s thu nhan hoac nap lai d lieu bi s
chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0 ngo vao
T2EX va EXEN2 = 1; khi cho phep timer T2 ngat,
EXF2=1 th CPU se thc hien hien chng trnh
con phuc vu ngat Timer T2, bit EXF2 co the
bang phan mem.
Xung clock thu cua timer 2. Khi RCLK=1 th timer T2
cung cap toc o baud cho port noi tiep e
nhan d lieu ve va timer T1 se cung cap toc
o baud cho port noi tiep e phat d lieu i.
Xung clock phat cua timer 2. Khi TCLK=1 th timer
T2 cung cap toc o baud cho port noi tiep e
phat d lieu i va timer T1 se cung cap toc
o baud cho port noi tiep e nhan d lieu
ve.
Bit ieu khien cho phep tac ong t ben
ngoai. Khi EXEN2 = 1 th hoat ong thu nhan va
nap lai cua timer T2 ch xay ra khi ngo vao
T2EX co s chuyen trang thai t 1 sang 0.
Bit ieu khien Timer 1 em / ngng em:
TR2 = 1 th timer 1 c phep em xung.
TR2 = 0 th timer 1 khong c phep em xung
(ngng).
Dung lenh ieu khien bit TR2 e cho phep
timer1 em hay ngng em.
Bit la chon counter hay timer:
C/T2 = 1 : em xung t ben ngoai a en
ngo vao T2.
C/T2 = 0 : nh thi em xung noi ben trong.
93
CP/RL2
C8H
94
95
96