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Phng php gii CO2, SO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim

A. Bi ton CO2, SO2 dn vo dung dch NaOH, KOH


- Khi cho CO2 (hoc SO2) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH u xy ra 3 kh nng to mui:
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O (1)
CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 (2)
t f = nNaOH/nCO2
o/ f = 2 : ch to mui Na2CO3
o/ f = 1 : ch to mui NaHCO3
o/ 1 < f < 2 : to c mui NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
* C nhng bi ton khng th tnh f. Khi phi da vo nhng d kin ph tm ra kh
nng to mui.
- Hp th CO2 vo NaOH d ( KOH d )ch to mui trung ha Na2CO3 (K2CO3)
- Hp th CO2 vo NaOH ch to mui Na2CO3, Sau thm BaCl2 vo thy kt ta. Thm
tip Ba(OH)2 d vo thy xut hin thm kt ta na _ To c 2 mui Na2CO3 v
NaHCO3
- Cht hp th vo bnh NaOH tng : m bnh tng = m dd tng = m cht hp th ( CO2 +
H2O c th c )
_ Trong trng hp khng c cc d kin trn th chia trng hp gii.
B. Bi ton CO2, SO2 dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2:
Do ta khng bit sn phm thu c l mui no nn phi tnh t l f:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (1)
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
f=nCO2/nCa(OH)2
o/ f = 1 : ch to mui CaCO3
o/ f = 2 : ch to mui Ca(HCO3)2
o/ 1 < f < 2: to c mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2
* Khi nhng bi ton khng th tnh f ta da vo nhng d kin ph tm ra kh nng to
mui.
- Hp th CO2 vo nc vi d th ch to mui CaCO3
- Hp th CO2 vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, thm NaOH d vo thy c kt ta
na suy ra c s to c CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2
- Hp th CO2 vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc
li thy kt ta na suy ra c s to c CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2.
- S tng gim khi lng dung dch : Khi cho sn phm chy vo bnh Ca(OH)2 hay
Ba(OH)2
M bnh tng = m hp th
m dd tng = m hp th - m kt ta
m dd gim = m kt ta m hp th
- Nu khng c cc d kin trn ta phi chia trng hp gii.
C. Mun lm tt dng bi tp ny cn nm t l mol v cch t s mol vo cho
ph hp-Mt s bi phi s dng phng trnh ion rt gn khi gp bi CO2 + hh
( NaOH v Ca(OH)2)
CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O (1)
CO2 + OH- HCO3- (2)
f=nOH-/nCO2

o/ f = 2 : ch to mui CO32o/ f = 1 : ch to mui HCO3o/ 1 < f < 2 : to c mui HCO3- v CO32 Dng 1. a mol CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim b mol ( NaOH hay Ca(OH)2 hay Ba(OH)2 )
.Yu cu. Tnh
1. Khi lng kt ta CaCO3 hay BaCO3 to ra , Cch lm rt n gin:
Nu thy a < b th => S: = a mol .
Nu thy a > b th => S: = 2b a
2. Khi lng ca tng mui thu c ( mui HCO3- v mui CO32- )
Cch lm rt n gin:
Trc tin: ly = f , Nu thy gi tr 1 < f < 2
Th s c 2 mui sinh ra ( l HCO3- v CO32- &shy

Dng 2 . Cho V (lit) CO2 (ktc) tc dng vi dung dch kim b mol ( NaOH hay Ca(OH)2
hay Ba(OH)2 ) thu c x mol kt ta ( ) . Yu cu. Tnh :
1.Th tch kh CO2 .Thng c 2 S.
S 1:
S 2:
Dng 3: a mol CO2 + Ca(OH)2 hay Ba(OH)2 b mol kt ta. Tnh Ca(OH)2
mui
= mui trung ha CaCO3

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