BNH HI TRN CY CHANH DY (CHANH LEO) V BIN

PHP QUN L TNG HP

Ts. Nguyn Vn Ha, Ts. Bi Th Ngc Lan,
Ths. Nguyn Thnh Hiu
Vin Cy n qu min Nam
I. BNH DO VIRUS GY RA
Trn cy chanh dy c nhiu loi bnh do virus gy ra (trn 16 loi), tuy
nhin hin nay ch yu b nhim 03 loi virus sau y:
1. Bnh cng tri (ha bn v tri)
Tc nhn: do virus Passion fruit woodiness (PWV) gy ra.
Triu chng:
C s bin ng rt ln v triu chng do PWV gy ra trn cy chanh dy v
ty thuc vo ma v cng c s khc nhau trong cch th hin triu chng
C 13 loi triu chng do PWV gy ra trn chanh dy bao gm: tri bt bnh
thng, lm m in hnh trn l, lm m vng, chn t, tng mng trong
sut, m vng trn l, m vng trn tri, chm nh trn tri, dng l dng s,
vng chp l, lm m trn cung, phnh to dy. Trong , 11 triu chng u
d thy iu kin ngoi ng, trong khi 2 triu chng cui thng thy

Triu chng bnh ha bn do virus PWV trn qu v l

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iu kin nh li.
Truyn bnh:
Bnh ny c th lan truyn c gii qua chng nhn to, truyn qua chit
ghp, truyn qua dng c lm vn nhng khng lan truyn qua ht.
Trung gian truyn bnh:
Bnh ny c th lan truyn qua ry mm (rp mui) Myzus persicae, Aphis
gossypii v Aphis fabae di hnh thc lan truyn khng bn vng.
Bin php qun l
- S dng cy ging sch bnh t n v sn xut c uy tn thng qua
ghp t mt gho, gc ghp sch bnh c nhn trong nh li
chng cn trng.
- Chng vaccine vi dng nh (ang c chn lc)
- Hn ch s lan truyn qua dng c lm vn, trong qu trnh ct ta
tng cy cn c bin php x l tit trng dng c bng x phng
hoc Na2PO4 (3%) trnh ly nhim t cy cy b bnh sang cy
khe.
- Trnh, hn ch ly lan qua ry mm bng cch kim sot ry mm qua
cc t t non
+ S dng by mu vng d bo cn trng chch ht, phun xt
kp thi.
+ S dng giy bc, to nh sng phn x xua ui cn trng chch
ht.
+ S dng thuc tr su lu dn: Confidor, Admire, thuc nhm
Imidichloride theo liu lng khuyn co trn bao b
+ S dng thuc tr su khc nh Applaud, Trebon, Bassa, v.v.
+ Giai on cy con nn bo v trong vi mng trng (trong) cho tng
cy hoc li chuyn dng chng cn trng xm nhp hoc trng
trong nh li (i Loan).
+ Trnh trng xen vi cy trng l k ch a thch ca ry mm nh
c tm, t, khoai ty, thuc l v da chut. Hn ch trng cy trn nn
t c trng nhng cy ny t nht trong 03 thng.
+ Nu c iu kin s dng ong k sinh hoc cn trng n mi.

- V sinh vn trng, ct ta chi, l bnh, qu bnh em tiu hy, ti

nc, gi nc trong ma kh, bn phn cn i v hp l, trnh bn qu nhiu
m nht l trong ma ma.

2. Bnh qun l
Tc nhn: do PLCV virus (Papaya leaf curl virus) gy hi.
Triu chng: Bnh xut hin vi triu chng in hnh l l b qun
queo rt nng, l nhn nheo v bin dng, chiu di l, lng thn b ngn
li. L b gim kch thc nghim trng, th hin triu chng gn trong.
Ra l b un cong xung, hng vo bn trong. L trn cy b bnh c
mu xanh m, tr nn dy hn v gin.
Trung gian truyn bnh: Bnh lan truyn qua ry phn trng (white fly)
Bemisia tabacii.
Bin php qun l
- S dng cy ging sch bnh
- Nh b trit cy bnh trn vn
- Treo by dnh mu vng trong vn bt ry phn trng v d bo.
- S dng thuc tr su nhm Monocrotophos nh: Apadrin 50SL,
Magic 50SL, Nuvacron 40 SCW/DD, 50 SCW/DD, Thunder 515DD,
theo liu lng khuyn co trn bao b, hay nhm Imidachlorid nh
Confidor, Admire hay Chess hoc Oshin.
- Giai on cy con nn bo v trong vi mng trng (trong) cho tng
cy hoc trng trong nh li (i Loan).
- Trnh trng xen vi cy trng l k ch a thch ca ry trng nh
thuc l, c chua hay cy thuc h bu b khc.
- Nn dn sch c trn vn, trnh to iu kin cho cy k ch ca ry
trng pht trin.
4.

Bnh qun l Euphorbia Leaf Curl virus

Nhim chanh dy c cng nhm virus vi PLCV v trung gian truyn

bnh nn bin php qun l ging nhau.

II. BNH DO VI KHUN GY RA

2.1. Bnh m du do vi khun (Pseudomonas passiflorae)
Tc nhn: do vi khun Pseudomonas passiflorae gy ra.
c im v triu chng gy hi:
Bnh gy hi trn l, thn v qu dn n s mt ma thm ch c th gy
cht cy. Trn l bnh to nn nhng vt thng t mu liu ti mu nu,
thng bao quanh bi qung sng mu vng nht, bnh nng dn n
rng l, trn thn cn non, du hiu u tin ca s xm nhim l nhng
vt lm mu xanh en, mng nc. Sau s pht trin thnh mu nu sng,
c vin r rng vi phn khng b bnh.
Trn thn g gi, triu chng ban u l nhng m nh hnh trn c mu
xanh en, hi lm xung, sau lan rng ra v c mu nu ti, nhng vt
bnh ny bao quanh chi non v gy cht cy. Nhng du hiu u tin
ca s nhim bnh trn tri l tri nh, mu xanh ti, vt bnh pht trin
thnh nhng vng trn, th nhm, mng lm m mng nc, lm tri
rng sm v thi tri. m du thng xy ra vo ma thu v ma kh.

Triu chng bnh do vi khun Pseudomnas syringae gy hi trn qu

2.2. Bn
h ho r vi khun: (Pseudomnas syringae)
Tc nhn: do vi khun Pseudomnas syringae gy ra.
c im v triu chng gy hi: Loi vi khun ny c mi lin h mt
thit i vi mm bnh ca vi khun gy bnh m du. Triu chng ca
2 loi bnh ny tng t nhau, v cch thc phng tr cng ging nhau.
Nu qun l tt bnh m du th bnh ho vi khun s t c kh nng
xut hin.
4

 Bin php phng tr:

- Bin php canh tc:
+ Sau khi thu hoch, thu gom sch tn d ca cy, c bit l nhng
cy b bnh v c trn vn em tiu hy hn ch ngun bnh ban
u trn ng rung cho v sau.
+ Khng nn trng dy vn lun thng thong, gim bt m
trong rung.
+ Bn phn cn i gia m, ln v kali, tng cng bn thm phn
hu c, vi bt v phn kali hoc tro tru cng c tc dng lm gim
tc hi ca bnh.
+ Kim tra vn pht hin v nh b sm nhng cy b bnh em
tiu hy trnh ly lan ra cy khc. Sau khi nh b bn vi bt vo
ch va nh kh trng t.
- Bin php ho hc: Tham kho s dng mt trong nhng loi thuc c
cc hot cht: Copper hydroxide, Copper Oxychloride
+
Kasugamycin, Copper Oxychloride 50% + Metalaxyl 8%,
Ningnanmycin phun xt khi cy chm bnh.
III. BNH HI DO NM GY RA
3.1. Bnh m nu (Alternaria passiflorae)
Tc nhn: do nm Alternaria passiflorae gy ra.
c im v triu chng gy hi: y l mt bnh nghim trng, nh
hng n l, thn v qu, xut hin vo ma xun v u ma h.

Trn l, u tin xut hin nhng m mu nu nh, sau lan rng ra

thnh m ln c tm mu sng v c hnh dng bt nh. Trn thn, vt bnh
c hnh thon di vi mu nu en, thng xut hin gn nch l hoc gn l (do
b tn thng c gii, cy b chy nha). Khi vt bnh bao quanh thn cy th
chi non s b ho, qu teo li v rng sm. Trn qu, vt bnh u tin ch nh
nh mi kim sau lan rng thnh nhng vng trn ln vi vt nu lm c tm
mu nu. Dn dn phn v qu xung quanh vt bnh b nhn nheo v qu b

rn
g.

Triu chng bnh m nu (Alternaria passiflorae) gy hi trn qu

v l chanh dy

Triu chng bnh b tru (Alternaria alternata) trn qu v l

 Bin php qun l:

- Bin php canh tc: V sinh vn, loi b l bnh v nhng cnh km
hiu qu cy thng thong.
- Bin php ha hc: S dng cc thuc hot cht Azoxystrobin
(Amistar 250SC); hoc hn hp thuc Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M
(Ridomil Gold 68WP);
Difenoconazole (Score 250EC);
Chlorothalonil (Daconil 500SC); hoc Thiophanate - Methyl (Topsin
M 70WP) phng tr.
Ch phun vo nhng t l ra vo u ma ma.
3.2. Bnh m xm: (Septoria passiflorae)
Tc nhn: do nm Septoria passiflorae gy ra.
c im v triu chng gy hi: Bnh tn cng cc b phn l, thn, v
qu, gy hi nng c th lm rng l, rng qu sm dn n gim nng
sut. Bnh thng xut hin trong sut ma h v ma thu.
Trn l, vt bnh thng khng c hnh dng c nh, ch l nhng m
nh mu nu sng, nhanh chng lan rng v lm l rng. Trn thn, vt bnh
xut hin tng t nh trn l. Nhng c c im vt bnh thng lm su
vo trong thn. Trn qu, vt bnh u tin cng l nhng m nh, tng t
nh trn l v thn. Sau nhng m ny to thnh nhng vt thng tn ln
gy
nn
hin
tng
rng
l
v
qu.

Triu chng bnh m xm (Septoria passiflorae) trn qu

 Bin php qun l:

- Bin php ho hc: S dng cc loi thuc c hot cht: Azoxystrobin +
Difenoconazole (Amistar top 325SC); Mancozeb + Metalaxyl M
(Ridomil Gold 68WP); Carbendazim (Carbenvil 50SC); Cuprous Oxide
(Norshield 86.2WP)
3.3. Bnh thi hch: (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)
Tc nhn: do nm Sclerotinia sclerotiorum gy ra.
c im v triu chng gy hi: Trn thn, vt bnh lan rng lm bong
lp v, lm gy chi non. Cc hch nm mu en, cng hnh thnh l
nguyn nhn lm cho bnh ly lan t v ny qua v khc v thng nh
hng n chi ngn. Loi nm ny cng c th gy hi trn tri, vt
bnh lan nhanh v c mu nu nht bao ph ton b tri, cui cng trn
tri s hnh thnh cc hch nm mu en c nhn thy bng mt thng,
lc ny tri s b rng.
Bnh ny pht trin thun li trong iu kin m t ko di v nhit
t 15 -200C.

Triu chng bnh thi hch (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) trn qu

 Bin php qun l:

- Bin php canh tc: V sinh vn trng, tiu hu tn d cy bnh.
Trng mt hp l, ta b bt l gi, l gc to thng thong,
trnh m cao trong t.
- Bin php ha hc: C th tham kho dng mt s loi thuc c hot
cht Iprodione, Trichoderma spp.
3.4. Bnh ho r: (Fusarium avenaceum, Giberella, baccata, Gibberella
saubinetii)
Tc nhn: do nhiu tc nhn (nm Fusarium avenaceum, Giberella,
baccata, Gibberella saubinetii)
c im v triu chng gy hi: Trong iu kin thi tit m t, nm
bnh pht trin nhanh, vt bnh c th xut hin trn c c r v thn.
u tin cy c biu hin vng l sau thn l v tri ho r xung v
cht dn. phn thn, ni tip xc vi mt t, cc b mch dn b nm
tn cng to cc vt bnh nu en vng quanh thn lm cho nc v dinh
dng khng th truyn c t r ln, gy hin tng ho r thn l dn
n cht cy.

Triu chng bnh thi r (Fusarium sp.) trn r

B
in php qun l:
- Bin php canh tc: Hn ch vic to vt thng cho cy trong qu
trnh chm sc, bn phn, ta cnh, lm c, gi cho vn lun sch s.
Phng tr tt cc loi bnh do nm v cc loi sn nht. Phn gc cy
cn c bo v chng li nh hng ca thuc dit c v t cc vin
thuc dn d sn nht n tiu dit. Nhng cy b bnh cn c di
chuyn cn thn, em phi kh v t.
- Bin php ho hc: S dng cc loi thuc Trichoderma 3,2 x 109 bao
t/g s dng 3kg/1000m2 trn vi phn chung hoc phn vi sinh bn vo t.
3.5. Bnh thi r:
Tc nhn: do nhiu tc nhn nh: Phytophthora cinnamomi,
Phytophthora megasperma, Fusarium.
c im v triu chng gy hi:

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Gy
ra
bi
Phytophthora
cinnamomi thng hot
ng vo ma h v ma
thu v Phytophthora
megasperma
thng
hot ng ma xun. C
2 loi nm ny u tn
cng trn cy trng
thnh ngoi vn ln
trong vn m gy cht
cy, nhng tc hi chnh ca chng l nguyn nhn m ng cho s tn cng
ca nm Fusarium v cht cy do thi ngn. Phytophthora cinnamomi l mt
loi nm r gy bnh tc mch dn v gy cht i vi nhiu loi thc vt. Bnh
pht trin mnh trong mi trng m v k sinh trn r v m thn gn gc.
Bnh lm suy yu hoc git cht cy v gy cn tr vic vn chuyn nc v
dinh dng trong cy. Trn cy trng thnh xut hin cc triu chng chy l.
L chuyn sang mu xanh nht ri chuyn sang mu ng. Trn tri xut hin
cc vt bnh ln, mu xm. Hoa v tri xanh ca cy bnh rt d b rng.
Bin php qun l:
iu chnh ch ti nc cho ph hp cng l bin php gim s tn
cng ca bnh. S dng mt trong nhng loi thuc c cc hot cht nh:
Thuc gc ng, Fosetum aluminium,...
IV.

TUYN TRNG

Chanh dy c 4 loi tuyn trng gy hi gm Pratylenchus sp., Scutellonema

truncatum, Helicotylenchus sp., Meloidogyne javanica.
Tuyn trng khng nhn thy c bng
mt thng, kch thc thy c khi c
soi qua knh hin vi. C 4 loi tuyn trng
u tn cng b phn r cy chng xm
nhp vo r theo vt thng c gii, h
thng mch dn ca r nh h thng dn
nc, dinh dng. Khi chng xm nhp
vo b phn r, chng ht dinh dng
sng, tuyn trng tn cng vo r lm cho b r phnh to ln s lm tc h thng
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dn nc, dinh dng s lm cho cy Chanh dy ho mt cch bt thng, lm

l vng, qu non rng ging nh triu chng thiu nc.
Bin php qun l:
- Bin php canh tc: Bn phn cn i, chn ging tt, chng chu vi
su bnh v sinh vn trng, ngt ta cnh l, to thng thong
cho cy.
- Bin php ha hc: S dng mt trong nhng loi thuc c cc hot
cht nh: Carbosunfan, Ethoprophos x l theo liu lng khuyn
co.

Ti liu tham kho

o Quang Hng. 2010. Hng dn K thut trng Lc Tin (Chanh Dy) theo
VietGAP. NXB Nng nghip, 72 trang.
Singh, S.J. 2003. Virus and Phytoplasma diseases of papaya, passion fruit and
pineapple. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi-110-002, India, 153 pp.
Rheinlnder, P. A. 2010. Field guide to common diseases and disorders of
passionfruit in New Zealand. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food
Research Ltd

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