Tng hp 34 chuyn bi dng ha hc THCS

MT S DNG TON N HSG HA 9

CHUYN : BI TON CHNG MINH AXIT CN D HAY HN HP CC
CHT CN D
( PP gii:
DNG 1: Hn hp kim loi hoc mui tc dng vi axit
* Phng php gii: Gi s hn hp 2 kim loi (hoc 2 mui) ch c 1 kim loi (hoc
1 mui) c khi lng mol (M) nh hn (nh nht) suy ra s mol hn hp ln nht
ri so snh vi s mol axit. Nu s mol axit ln hn s mol hn hp (naxit > nhh)
( axit d.
DNG 2: Mt kim loi (hoc hn hp kim loi) tc dng vi dung dch axit nhng
vi lng khc nhau trong nhng th nghim khc nhau:
* Phng php gii:
So snh lng axit 2 th nghim v lng H2 thu c 2 th nghim t suy
ra mt th nghim axit ht v mt th nghim axit d.
( Bi tp:
1. Ho tan hon ton 33g hn hp X gm Fe v Al vo 600ml dung dch HCl 1,5M.
Hi X c tan ht khng?
2. Cho 39,6g hn hp gm KHSO3 v K2CO3 vo 400g dung dch HCl 7,3%. Khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh X c t khi vi kh hiro bng 25,33
v dung dch A.
Hy chng minh axit d.
Tnh C% cc cht trong A.
3. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Mg v Zn, dung dch B l dung dch HCl nng x(M)
Th nghim 1: Cho 20,2g hn hp A vo 2 lt dung dch B th thot ra 8,96 lt H2
(ktc).
Th nghim 2: Cho 20,2g hn hp A vo 3 lt dung dch B th thot ra 11,2 lt H2
(ktc).
Tm x v tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong A.
4. Cho 3,87g hn hp gm Mg v Al tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Chng minh axit cn d.
Nu sau phn ng thot ra 4,368 lt H2 (ktc) th khi lng Mg v Al trong hn hp

l bao nhiu?
Tnh th tch dung dch gm NaOH 2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M cn dng trung ho
lng axit d.
5. Cho 31,8g hn hp 2 mui MgCO3 v CaCO3 vo 0,8 lt dung dch HCl 1M thu
c dung dch Z.
Hi Z c cha axit d hay khng?
Lng CO2 thu c l bao nhiu?
Cho dung dch NaHCO3 d vo dung dch Z th th tch kh CO2 thu c l 2,24 lt
(ktc). Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
6. Cho 18,6g hn hp Zn v Fe vo 500ml dung dch HCl x(M). Khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, c cn hn hp c 34,575g cht rn. Lp li th nghim nh trn vi
800ml dung dch HCl x(M) ri c cn hn hp thu c 39,9g cht rn.
Hy chng minh axit d th nghim 2.
Tm x.
7. Cho 22,4g hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 tc dng vi 33,3g dung dch CaCl2 th thu
c 20g kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
8. Ho tan 43g hn hp gm BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo 400 ml nc c dung dch A
(g/ml). Thm vo dung dch A 400ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M thy tch ra 39,7g kt
ta v c 800ml dung dch B.
Hy chng minh sau phn ng Na2CO3 d.
Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A.
Tnh CM cc cht trong dung dch B.
9. Ha tan 13,2 gam hn hp A gm 2 kim loi c cng ha tr vo 400ml dung dch
HCl 1,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 32,7g hn hp mui khan.
a. Chng minh hn hp A khng tan ht.
b. Tnh th tch kh H2 sinh ra.
10. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Mg v Zn. (B) l dung dch H2SO4 c nng x
mol/lit.
TH1: Cho 24,3 gam (A) vo 2 lit (B) sinh ra 8,96 lit kh H2 (ktc)
TH2: Cho 24,3 gam (A) vo 3 lit (B) sinh ra 11,2 lit kh H2 (ktc).
Hy chng minh trong trng hp 1 th hn hp kim loi d, cn trong trng hp 2
th hn hp kim loi ht.
Tnh nng x mol/lit ca dung dch (B) v % khi lng mi kim loi trong A
Bi 1: Cho 33 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Al vo 600ml dd HCl 1,5 M. Hi hn hp X c tan ht khng ?
Tnh s mol kh (ktc) c th thu c.
Bi 2: Cho 3,87 gam hh A gm Al, Mg vo 250ml dd X cha 2 axit HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dd
B. Hy chng minh rng trong dd B cn d axit. Tnh s mol kh hiro c th thu c.

Bi 3: (TSHA-2007): Cho m gam hh A gm Al, Mg vo 250ml dd X cha 2 axit HCl 1M v H2SO4

0,5M thu c dd B v 5,32 lit H2 (ktc). Nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dd B l:
A. 0 mol/l B. 10-2 mol/l C. 10-6 mol/l D. 10-7 mol/l
Bi 4: Ho tan ht 5,6 gam hh X gm 2 kim loi A, B (c ha tr a, b) trong dd HCl (ddY) ri sau c
cn dung dch thu c 19,8 gam mui khan.
a, Tnh th tch kh thu c (ktc)
b, Nu cho 11,2 gam hhh X vo 500ml dd Y thu c 8,4 lit H2 (ktc) th trong dd thu c cn d
axit khng ?
Bi 7: M l kim loi c ha tr n. A l dd HCl xM.
TN1: Cho 5,6 gam M vo 100ml ddA, sau p/ng, c cn hn hp phn ng thu c 10,925 gam cht
rn khan.
TN2: Cho 5,6 gam M vo 150ml ddA, sau p/ng, c cn hn hp phn ng thu c 12,7 gam cht
rn khan.
a, Hy CM: - TN1: axit ht, kim loi cn d. - TN1: axit d, kim loi ht.
b, Tm x, M.
Bi 9: Hn hp A gm Mg, Zn. Dung dch B l dd HCl xM.
TN1: Cho 20,2 gam A vo 2 lit dd B thu c 8,96 lit H2.
TN2: Cho 20,2 gam A vo 3 lit dd B thu c 11,2 lit H2.
Tm x v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hh A. Bit cc th tch o ktc.
Bi 10: Cho 13,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B (c ho tr bng nhau: n) vo 400ml dd HCl
1,5M. Dung dch thu c sau phn ng em c cn c 32,7 gam hn hp mui khan. Hy CM hh A
khng tan ht v tnh th tch kh thot ra (ktc).