9781133105060_APP_G.

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Appendix G.1

Differentiation and Integration Formulas

Formulas

G.1 Differentiation and Integration Formulas

Use differentiation and integration tables to supplement differentiation and integration techniques.

Differentiation Formulas
1.

d
cu cu
dx

2.

d
u v u v
dx

3.

d
uv uv vu
dx

4.

d u
vu uv

dx v
v2

5.

d
c 0
dx

6.

d n
u nun1u
dx

7.

d
x 1
dx

8.

d
u
ln u
dx
u

9.

d u
e e uu
dx

10.

d
sin u cos uu
dx

11.

d
cos u sin uu
dx

12.

d
tan u sec2 uu
dx

13.

d
cot u csc2 uu
dx

14.

d
sec u sec u tan uu
dx

15.

d
csc u csc u cot uu
dx

Integration Formulas
Forms Involving u n

1.

un du

un1
C, n 1
n1

2.

1
du ln u C
u

Forms Involving a bu

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

u
1
du 2bu a ln a bu C
a bu
b

u
1
a
du 2
lna bu C
a bu2
b a bu
u
1
1
a
du 2

C, n 1, 2
a bun
b n 2a bun2 n 1a bun1

u2
1
bu
du 3 2a bu a2 ln a bu
a bu
b
2

u2
1
a2
du

bu

2a ln a bu
a bu2
b3
a bu

u2
1
2a
a2
du 3

ln a bu
3
a bu
b a bu 2a bu2

u2
1
1
2a
a2
du 3

C,
n
n3
n2
a bu
b n 3a bu
n 2a bu
n 1a bun1

1
1
u
du ln
C
ua bu
a a bu

n 1, 2, 3

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Appendix G

1:47 PM

Formulas

Integration Formulas
11.
12.
13.

Page G2

(continued)

1
1
1
1
u
du
ln
ua bu2
a a bu a a bu

1
1 1 b
u
du
ln
u2a bu
a u a a bu

1
1 a 2bu
2b
u
du 2

ln
u2a bu2
a ua bu
a
a bu

Forms Involving a bu

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

un a bu du

a bu a
1
1
du
ln
C,
a
a bu a
ua bu

a bu

u
a bu

un
u
a bu

du

22.

1
du
ua bu

du 2a bu a

1
a bu32 2n 5b

an 1
un1
2

du

22a bu
a bu C
3b2

un
2
du
una bu na
2n 1b
a bu

1
du
u2 a2

un1a bu du

a > 0

a bu
1
1
2n 3b
du

an 1
un1
2
una bu

Forms Involving u 2 a 2, a > 0

21.

2
una bu32 na
b2n 3

1
du , n 1
un1a bu

a bu

un1

un1
du
a bu

ua
1
1
du
ln
C
a2 u2
2a u a

1
1
u
du 2
2n 3
u2 a2n
2a n 1 u2 a2n1

du , n 1

1
du , n 1
u2 a2n1

Forms Involving u 2 a 2, a > 0

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

u2 a2 du

1
uu2 a2 a2 ln u u2 a2 C
2

u2u2 a2 du
u2 a2

u
u2 a2

u2
1
u2 a2

a2

a u2 a2
C
u

u2 a2
ln u u2 a2 C
u

du ln u u2 a2 C

1
u2

1
u2u2 a2u2 a2 a4 ln u u2 a2 C
8

du u2 a2 a ln
du

du

1 a u2 a2
ln
C
a
u

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Appendix G.1
29.
30.
31.

u2
u a
2

du

1
uu2 a2 a2 ln u u2 a2 C
2

33.
34.

u2 a2
1
du

a2u
u2u2 a2

1
u
du 2 2
C
u2 a232
a u a2

Forms Involving a 2 u 2, a > 0

32.

a2 u2

u
1
ua u
2

du a2 u2 a ln

du

a a2 u2
C
u

1 a a u
ln
a
u
2

1
a2 u2
du

C
a2u
u2a2 u2

C
35.

Forms Involving e u
36.
38.
40.

eu du eu C

37.

uneu du uneu n

un1eu du

39.

43.
44.

ln u du u1 ln u C
un ln u du

42.

un1
1 n 1 ln u C, n 1
n 12

ln u2 du u2 2 ln u ln u2 C

45.

Forms Involving sin u or cos u

46.
48.
50.
51.
52.
54.

1
u
du 2 2
C
a2 u232
a a u2

ueu du u 1eu C
1
du u ln1 eu C
1 eu

1
1
du u ln1 enu C
1 enu
n

Forms Involving ln u

41.

Differentiation and Integration Formulas

sin u du cos u C

47.

1
sin2 u du u sin u cos u C
2

49.

sinn u du
cosn u du

sinn1 u cos u n 1

n
n

cosn1 u sin u n 1

n
n

u ln u du

u2
1 2 ln u C
4

ln un du uln un n

ln un1 du

cos u du sin u C
1
cos2 u du u sin u cos u C
2

sinn2 u du

cosn2 u du

u sin u du sin u u cos u C

un sin u du un cos u n

un1 cos u du

53.

u cos u du cos u u sin u C

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Appendix G

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Formulas

Integration Formulas
55.
56.
57.
58.

Page G4

(continued)

un cos u du un sin u n

un1 sin u du

1
du tan u sec u C
1 sin u
1
du cot u csc u C
1 cos u
1
du ln tan u C
sin u cos u

Forms Involving tan u, cot u, sec u, or csc u

59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.

tan u du ln cos u C

cot u du ln sin u C

sec u du ln sec u tan u C

csc u du ln csc u cot u C
tan2 u du u tan u C
cot2 u du u cot u C
sec2 u du tan u C
csc2 u du cot u C
tann u du

tann1 u

n1

cotn u du
secn u du

cotn1 u

n1

cotn2 u du,

secn2 u tan u n 2

n1
n1

cscn u du

n1

tann2 u du,

cscn2 u cot u n 2

n1
n1

n1

secn2 u du,

cscn2 u du, n 1

1
1
du u ln cos u sin u C
1 tan u
2

1
1
du u ln sin u cos u C
1 cot u
2

1
du u cot u csc u C
1 sec u
1
du u tan u sec u C
1 csc u

n1

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Appendix G.2

Formulas from Business and Finance

G.2 Formulas from Business and Finance

Summary of business and finance formulas

Formulas from Business

Basic Terms

x number of units produced (or sold)

p price per unit
R total revenue from selling x units
C total cost of producing x units
C average cost per unit
P total profit from selling x units
Basic Equations

R xp

C
x

PRC

Typical Graphs of Supply and Demand Curves

p

Supply curves increase as price

increases and demand curves
decrease as price increases. The
equilibrium point occurs when the
supply and demand curves intersect.

Demand

Equilibrium
p0
price

Supply

Equilibrium point
(x0, p0)
x

x0
Equilibrium quantity

Demand Function: p f x price required to sell x units

px
price elasticity of demand
dpdx

When < 1, the demand is inelastic. When > 1, the demand is elastic.
Typical Graphs of Revenue, Cost, and Profit Functions
R

Elastic
demand

Inelastic
demand

Maximum
profit

Fixed
cost

Break-even
point
x

Negative of
fixed cost

Revenue Function
The low prices required to
sell more units eventually
result in a decreasing
revenue.

Cost Function
The total cost to produce
x units includes the fixed
cost.

Profit Function
The break-even point occurs
when R C.

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Formulas

Formulas from Business

(continued)

Marginals

dR
marginal revenue the extra revenue from selling one additional unit
dx
dC
marginal cost the extra cost of producing one additional unit
dx
dP
marginal profit the extra profit from selling one additional unit
dx

Marginal
revenue
1 unit
Extra revenue
for one unit

Revenue Function

Formulas from Finance

Basic Terms

P amount of deposit
n number of times interest is compounded per year
t number of years

r interest rate
A balance after t years

Compound Interest Formulas

1. Balance when interest is compounded n times per year: A P 1

r
n

nt

2. Balance when interest is compounded continuously: A Pert

Effective Rate of Interest

reff 1

r
n

Present Value of a Future Investment

1 nr

nt

Balance of an Increasing Annuity After n Deposits of P per Year for t Years

1 nr

AP

nt

1 1

n
r

Initial Deposit for a Decreasing Annuity with n Withdrawals of W per Year for t Years

PW

nr1 1 1rn
nt

Monthly Installment M for a Loan of P Dollars over t Years at r% Interest

MP

r12
1
1
1 r12

12t

Amount of an Annuity

erT

ctert dt

ct is the continuous income function in dollars per year and T is the term of the annuity in years.