TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6952 : 2001

THC N CHN NUI CHUN B MU TH
Animal feeding stuffs Preparation of test samples
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh cc phng php chun b mu th i vi thc n chn nui k c
thc n cho th cnh t cc mu phng th nghim.
2. Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 4331:2001 (ISO 6492) Thc n chn nui Xc nh hm lng cht bo.
TCVN 4326:2001 (ISO 6496) Thc n chn nui Xc nh m v hm lng cht bay hi
khc.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny, p dng nhng thut ng v nh ngha sau.
3.1. Mu phng th nghim (laboratory sample)
Mu c tnh i din v cht lng v tnh trng ca l hng c ly t mu chung (bulk
sample) v nhm mc ch phn tch hoc kim tra khc.
3.2. Mu th (test sample)
Phn i din ca mu phng th nghim c c bng cch chia mu bng thit b chia mu
hoc bng tay, nu cn c th lm nh kch thc ht.
3.3. Phn mu th (test portion)
Phn i din ca mu th hay mu phng th nghim.
4. Nguyn tc
i vi mu dng rn, trn u mu phng th nghim v ln lt chia theo qui trnh qui nh n
khi tm c mu th c c mu thch hp. Thc hin qu trnh tn nh, nghin, xay hoc ng
nht, m bo mu th, i din trung thc cho mu phng th nghim, nu thy cn thit.
Trng hp thc n chn nui dng lng, mu phng th nghim c trn u bng my v ly
mu th trong khi dch lng ang c khuy trn.
5. Thit b, dng c
5.1. My nghin mu: d lm sch v c kh nng nghin thc n m khng sinh nhiu nhit v
khng lm thay i m, cho n khi mu lt hon ton qua l sng c kch thc ph hp
(5.5).
i vi mt vi loi thc n chn nui c xu hng gim hoc tng m, khi nghin th phi s
dng h s hiu chnh trong khi tnh kt qu (xem 7.2 v iu 8).
Ch thch Kch thc li sng trong my nghin mu khng nht thit phi ging kch thc
l sng kim tra mc nghin.
5.2. My khuy hoc my lm ng nht.
5.3. My ct: c tm ct 4 mm.
5.4. Dng c nghin nh, v d ci v chy nghin.
5.5. Sng: c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm; 2,80 mm v 4,00 mm lm bng li kim loi.

5.6. Thit b chia i hoc chia t mu: v d nh thit b chia hnh nn (xem hnh A.1), thit b
chia nhiu ngn c h thng phn hng (loi) (xem hnh A.2) hoc cc loi thit b chia khc m
bo phn b mu phng th nghim thnh mu th ng nht.
5.7. Hp ng mu: thch hp, bo v mu th khng thay i thnh phn, v khng b tc
ng ca nh sng v c kch thc cha mu th.
Hp ng mu phi c np y.
6. Ly mu
Phng php ly mu khng qui nh trong tiu chun ny. Nn ly mu theo ISO 6497 [1].
Mu gi n phng th nghim phi l mu trung thc v c tnh i din, khng b h hi hoc
bin i trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun.
Trong qu trnh bo qun mu, phi gim thiu s h hi v s bin i thnh phn ca mu.
7. Cch tin hnh
Cnh bo Phi m bo thit b khng phi l ngun gc gy nhim bn.
7.1. Nghin
7.1.1. Tng qut
Khi nghin mu c th dn n lm gim hoc tng m v nu thy cn thit, th thc hin
cc yu cu qui nh (xem 7.2 v iu 8). Nghin cng nhanh cng tt v gim ti a s tip xc
mu vi khng kh. Nu cn thit, p v hoc tn nh mu trc khi nghin. iu quan trng l
phi trn u mu trc mi cng on mi.
7.1.2. Mu mn
Nu mu phng th nghim lt hon ton qua sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm (5.5), trn u
mu. Chia hn hp mu bng thit b chia i hoc thit b chia t (5.6) n khi thu c mu
th c lng ph hp (xem 7.9).
7.1.3. Mu c kch thc ht va
7.1.3.1. Nu mu phng th nghim khng lt ht qua sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm (5.5)
nhng lt hon ton qua sng c kch thc l sng 2,80 mm, trn u mu v chun b mu c
lng ph hp (xem 7.9) bng cch chia mu theo 7.1.2.
7.1.3.2. Nghin mu ny cn thn trong my nghin lm sch (5.1) nh 7.1.1 cho n khi mu
lt hon ton qua sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm.
7.1.4. Mu c kch thc ht to
7.1.4.1. Nu mu phng th nghim khng lt ht qua sng c kch thc l sng 2,80 mm (5.5),
cn thn nghin mu ny bng my nghin lm sch (5.1) cho n khi mu hon ton lt qua
sng c kch thc l sng 2,80 mm. Trn u mu.
7.1.4.2. Chia dn mu phng th nghim bng thit b chia mu (5.6) n khi mu th c lng
ph hp (xem 7.9) vi cc yu cu xc nh. Nghin mu ny trong my nghin mu lm
sch (5.1) cho n khi mu hon ton lt qua sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm (5.5).
7.2. Mu c xu hng gim hoc tng m
Nu qu trnh nghin dn n gim hoc tng m ca mu th xc nh m ca mu theo
phng php m t trong TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496). p dng phng php i vi mu
phng th nghim c trn u ngay sau khi nhn c v i vi mu th chun b. Kt
qu phn tch cc mu s c hiu chnh theo m ban u (xem iu 8).
7.3. Mu kh nghin

Nu trng hp mu phng th nghim khng lt qua sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm (5.5)
li kh nghin, th ly ngay mt phn mu sau khi trn s b 7.1.3.1 hoc sau qu trnh nghin
s 7.1.4.1.
Xc nh m theo phng php m t trong TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496). Lm kh mu sau
nghin bng chy v ci nghin (5.4) hoc bng phng tin khc n khi mu hon ton lt qua
sng c kch thc l sng 1,00 mm. Xc nh li m ca mu th chun b c th hiu
chnh c kt qu phn tch theo m ban u (xem iu 8).
7.4. Thc n chn nui c m cao nh hp hoc thc n cho th cnh
Trn u phng th nghim (c th ton b hp hoc ti) bng my khuy hoc my lm ng
nht (5.2). Trn u mu ng nht. Chuyn ton b vo hp ng mu sch, kh (5.7) v
y np tht cht. Ly phn mu th cng nhanh cng tt, tt nht l ly ngay sau khi trn. Cch
o
o
khc bo qun mu th l mu nhit t 0 C n 4 C.
7.5. Thc n chn nui ng lnh
Ct hoc b mu phng th nghim thnh nhng ming nh thch hp, cho ngay nhng ming
ny vo my ct (5.3). Trn u mu ct n khi phn cht lng nm ngoi mu c khuch
tn u vo mu. Chuyn mu trn vo hp ng mu sch, kh (5.7) v y np tht cht.
Ly phn mu th cng nhanh cng tt, tt nht l ly ngay sau khi trn. Cch khc bo qun
o
o
mu th l mu nhit t 0 C n 4 C.
7.6. Thc n chn nui c m trung bnh
Cho t t mu phng th nghim qua my ct (5.3). Trn u mu ct nh v cho qua sng
c kch thc l sng 4,00 mm (5.5). Chuyn ton b vo hp ng mu sch, kh (5.7) v y
np tht cht. Nu mu phng th nghim khng th ct nh c th c th trn v nghin bng
tay.
7.7. Mu v mu lng
7.7.1. C hoc ng cc
Nu c th, cho ton b mu phng th nghim qua my nghin (5.1) hoc cht cng nh cng
tt. Trn u v ly t nht khong 100 g mu th cho vo hp ng mu (5.7).
Nu mu phng th nghim khng th xay bng my xay hoc khng th cht nh, trn u cn
thn v em xc nh m theo phng php m t trong TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496). Lm
o
o
kh mu phng th nghim (v d sy kh qua m trong t sy in nhit 60 C n 70 C,
thng gi tt) v sau cho vo xay trong my xay (5.1). Trn u v ly t nht khong 100g
mu th cho vo hp ng mu (5.7). Xc nh m ca mu th chun b theo phng
php m t trong TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496) v s dng h s hiu chnh i vi kt qu thu
c (xem iu 8).
7.7.2. Mu dng lng bao gm c c p
Trn u mu phng th nghim bng my khuy hoc my lm ng nht (5.2) bt k mt
phn t tch ri no (xng, du.) cng c phn tn hon ton trong mu. Trong qu trnh
trn dng mui rt, cc c m hoc pipet rng ly 50 ml n 100 ml mu cho vo hp ng mu
(5.7).
7.8. Mu c yu cu c bit
Ch thch 1 Mt s php xc nh c th c yu cu chun b c bit i vi mu th. Cc quy
trnh yu cu c bit c m t phn lin quan ca phng php th.
i vi nhng quy nh yu cu mn cao, c th nghin thm. Trong trng hp ny, chun b
cc mu th khc theo 7.1, 7.2 hoc 7.3 nhng c thm yu cu v mn.
Trong mt vi trng hp cng cn c yu cu c bit trnh lm hng hoc h hi mu
phng th nghim, v d trong xc nh cng ca vin thc n.

Ch thch 2 Nu mu phng th nghim khng th ng nht, v d i vi phn tch c t

nm mc hoc nhng cht ph gia dng trong ngnh dc, th phi nghin ton b mu sau
ly mt lng mu th va .
Nu mu l cht bo, chun b mu th bng cch lm m v trn. Trong mt vi trng hp c
th phi chit s b cht bo. Th tc tin hnh ny theo TCVN 4331 : 2001 (ISO 6492).
Nu c yu cu kim tra vi sinh vt, mu phi c chun b trong iu kin v trng khng
lm thay i tnh trng vi sinh vt.
7.9. Lng mu th v bo qun mu th
Chun b lng mu th cho yu cu tt c cc php xc nh v lng mu th khng di
100 g. Cho ngay ton b mu th vo hp ng mu (5.7) v y cn thn.
Bo qun mu th iu kin sao cho gim ti thiu s bin i thnh phn mu, c bit ch
trnh tip xc vi nh sng v tc ng ca nhit .
8. H s iu chnh
8.1. Tng qut
Nu xy ra hin tng gim hoc tng m trong qu trnh nghin hoc trn mu th phi s
dng s hiu chnh trong kt qu phn tch mu tnh trng ca m ban u. S hiu chnh
cng c s dng trong trng hp mu c chit s b cht bo.
8.2. Tnh h s iu chnh
H s hiu chnh f c tnh theo cng thc sau:
f=

100% w 0
100% w1

trong
f l h s iu chnh;
w0 l phn khi lng ca m ca mu th nghim c xc nh theo phng php m t
trong TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496), tnh bng phn trm;
w1 l phn khi lng ca m ca mu th c xc nh theo phng php m t trong
TCVN 4326 : 2001 (ISO 6496), tnh bng phn trm;
8.3. Hiu chnh kt qu
Nhn kt qu phn tch vi h s hiu chnh f.

PH LC A
(tham kho)
V d thit b chia mu

1. Phu mu

6. Phu ngoi

2. Dao chn

7. Khay hng

3. Khoang dn mu ra phu ngoi

8. y nn

4. ng dn mu ra phu trong

9. Chp nn

5. Phu trong

10. ng ni di y nn
Hnh A.1 Thit b chia mu hnh nn