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HAY V KH
Tp 1: HA V C
5/14/2013
GSTT GROUP
LI NI U
Cc em thn mn,
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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Thn i,
PHN 1: BI
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3 c khi lng 21,67 gam. Tin h{nh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp X
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ha tan ho{n to{n hn hp cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch
NaOH d thu c 2,016 lt H2 (ktc) v{ 12,4 gam cht rn khng tan. Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit
nhm l:
A. 80%
B. 75%
C. 60%
D. 71,43%
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm Al, FexOy. Tin h{nh phn ng nhit nhm ho{n to{n m gam hn hp X trong iu
kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Chia Y th{nh 2 phn.
Phn 1 cho t|c dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,008 lt H2 (ktc) v{ cn li 5,04g cht rn khng
tan.
Phn 2 c khi lng 29,79gam, cho t|c dng vi dung dch HNO3 lo~ng d thu c 8,064 lt NO (ktc,
l{ sn phm kh duy nht). Gi| tr ca m v{ cng thc ca oxit st l{:
A. 39,72 gam v FeO
B. 39,72 gam v Fe3O4
C. 38,91 gam v FeO
D. 36,48 gam v Fe3O4
Cu 3: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2
t vo
l un
h N OH M th thu
n
h Cho
t t v hu
u
l un
h HCl M vo thu
un
h v
lt h
t Cho t
n vi C OH 2
xut hin
t t
nh
A. 1M.
B. 1,5M.
C. 0,75M.
D. 2M.
Cu 4: Ha tan ho{n to{n 31,25 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v{ Zn trong dung dch HNO3, sau phn ng ho{n to{n
thu c dung dch Y v{ hn hp gm 0,1 mol N2O v{ 0,1 mol NO. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 157,05
gam hn hp mui. Vy s mol HNO3 ~ b kh trong phn ng trn l{:
A. 0,45 mol
B. 0,5 mol
C. 0,30 mol
D. 0,40 mol
Cu 5: Ha tan 15,84 gam hn hp gm mt oxit kim loi kim v{ mt oxit kim loi kim th bng dung
dch HCl d c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, ly mui khan em in ph}n nng chy ho{n to{n
th thu c 6,048 lt kh (o ktc) anot v{ a (gam) hn hp kim loi catot. Gi| tr ca a l{:
A. 7,2.
B. 11,52.
C. 3,33.
D. 13,68.
Cu 6: Chi
68
hn h p L FeO Fe3O4, Fe2O3 thnh h i phn bn nh u Cho phn th nht
t
n ht vi un
h HCl
ui h n Phn th h i t
n v
vi un
h M l hn h p HCl H2SO4 lon thu
67 9
ui h n S ol HCl tron un
h M l
A. 1,75 mol
B. 1,50 mol
C. 1,80 mol
D. 1,00 mol
Cu 7: L
K ho t
n vi
l un
h HNO3 thu
un
h M v tho t r
6 lt
hn h p N
t
h v Cho th
vo M un
h KOH
th th tho t r
lt h
it rn qu tr nh h HNO3 h t o
t s n ph
u nht
nh
A. 3,12 gam.
B. 7,8 gam.
C. 12,48 gam.
D. 6,63 gam.
Cu 8: Cho 12,25 gam KClO3 v{o dung dch HCl c d, kh Cl2 tho|t ra cho t|c dng ht vi kim loi M
thu c 38,10 gam hn hp cht rn X. Cho X v{o dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 118,5 gam kt ta. C|c
phn ng u xy ra ho{n to{n. Vy kim loi M l{:
A. Zn
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Cu
Cu 9:Cho 100ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M, KOH 1M v{ Ba(OH)21,2M v{o 100ml dung dch AlCl3 xM th
thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Vy nu cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M v{o 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 xM th
khi lng kt ta thu c v{ gi| tr ca x l{ (bit c|c phn ng xy ra ho{n to{n)
A. 11,70 gam v 1,6. B. 9,36 gam v 2,4.
C. 6,24 gam v 1,4.
D. 7,80 gam v 1,0.
Cu 10: X l{ dung dch AlCl3, Y l dung dch NaOH 2M. Thm 150 ml dung dch Y v{o cc cha 100ml
dung dch X, khuy u n phn ng ho{n to{n thy trong cc c 7,8 gam kt ta. Thm tip v{o cc
100 ml dung dch Y, khuy u n phn ng ho{n to{n thy trong cc c 10,92 gam kt ta. Nng
mol/l ca dung dch X bng
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
x - 2z = 0,06 (2).
(d) = 2 n
Al
3 H2
mrn = m + m
(d) 160(y-z) + 56.2z = 12,4 160y - 48z = 12,4 (3).
n
Fe
Fe2O3
T (1),(2),(3) x
7
ol
0,075
.100%=75% (hiu sut tnh theo Fe2O3).
Hiu sut: H%=
0,1
Cu 2: |p |n B
Ta thy: khi phn ng nhit nhm, sn phm to thnh c cha Al (theo phn 1: Y phn ng vi
NaOH to kh) m phn ng xy ra hon ton nn Fe O ht su r
Fe l v l O
+) Phn 1: Cho Y tc dng vi NaOH th Fe khng tan, Al v l O tan
l
N OH
H O
N lO
H
l O
N OH
N lO
H O
n nn
9 ol
n
n
n n
+) Phn 2: n
6 ol n
6
8 ol
N nn n
n n tn
x v n
x theo b o ton ol ele tron
n
n
n
x
x
x x
9 (mol)
Nn phn 2 c
9 ol l v
7 ol Fe
9 79
o
n
ol n
6
V n n
7
6
n n oxit s t l Fe O
Ta thy s mol Al phn 2 gp 3 ln s mol Al phn 1 nn
V
97
Cu 3: p n D
Ta c CT 2 mui sunfat l: M 2SO4 V NSO4
Gi cng thc chung 2 mui l XSO4 :
M XSO =
4
12
120
0,1
M l Na
TH 2: Chn M < 12 th N bt buc > 24 . M M < 12 th ch c th l Li
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
N2O
NO
N2O
NO
NH4 NO3
mmui = mkim loi + m NO- + m NH4 NO3 = 31.25 + (1,1 + 8x).62 + 80x = 157,05 x = 0,1 (mol)
3
M
96
ol
o
x
67 9 v x
8
x
8
Cu 7: |p |n D
Gi x v y ln lt s mol K phn ng vi HNO3 .v H 2 O . K phn ng vi HNO3 to sn phm
kh duy nht l{ NH4 NO3 v hn hp kh N gm 2 kh: NH3 v H 2 . PTHH:
x/8
1
K + H 2 O KOH + H 2
KOH + NH 4 NO3 KNO3 + NH3 + H 2 O
2
y
y
y
y
y
2
V khi cho thm vo M dung dch KOH d th thy thot ra 0,01 mol NH3 trong M c NH4 NO3
:
0, 01
y 0,336
S mol hn hp kh N l : y + =
= 0, 015mol y = 0, 01mol .
2 22, 4
n NH4 NO3 sinh ra do K phn ng vi HNO3 l :
66
Cu 8: |p |n C
KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + H2O
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
6mol.
ol
68
n
9
68
Cu 9: |p |n C
6 Fe
1
< n
- nn kt ta b ha tan mt phn.
3 OH
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh: n - = 4n 3+ - n Al(OH) 0,44 = 0,4x- 0,12 x = 0,4(M)
OH
Al
3
Al(OH)3
= 0,12(mol) . V n
Al(OH)3
NaOH
< 3n
Al
3+
1
= n
= 0,08 m
= 0,08.78 = 6,24(g) .
Al(OH)3 3 NaOH
Al(OH)3
Cu 10: |p |n C
*) Cch 1: Kt ta l{ l OH
+0,3 (mol) NaOH 0,1 (mol) Al(OH)3
X
+0,5 (mol) NaOH 0,14 (mol) Al(OH)3
(1)
(2)
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
p dng v{o b{i to|n ta tnh c kt qu cn tm
Ch : Ngc li vi bi ton trn l bi ton cho
tc dng vi
. Cch lm hon ton
tng t ta c:
Cu 11. |p |n A
*) Cch 1: Fe
n
ol n
ol Fe
l i ph n n Fe
Fe
Fe
n
n
n
n
n
6 ol
*) Cch 2:
Khi cha bit Fe phn ng ht hay cn d, gi s sn phm to th{nh sau phn ng c c Fe 2+ v
Fe3+
n
x ol n
ol (x hoc y c th bng 0 nu sn phm to ra ch c mt mui)
x
Bo to{n electron ta c n
n
n
x
6
x = 0,06 (mol); y = 0,09 (mol)
n
9 ol
n
9
9 ol .
Ch : Khi cho t t
vo dung dch hn hp gm c
th xy ra theo th t cc
phn ng sau:
(1)
(2)
Cu 13: |p |n A
}y l{ phn ng kim loi mnh y kim loi yu ra khi mui ca n.
Trong b{i n{y, Mg y M ra khi mui ca n, kim loi M tho|t ra b|m v{o thanh Mg l{m khi
lng thanh tng thm 4g.
Cng thc mui sunfat ca kim loi M c th c dng M SO
ho MSO
+) Khi cng thc ca mui l MSO th n
n
C
M
M 6 l Cu
+) Khi cng thc ca mui l{ M SO
th n
n
n
C nM
M SO
nM SO
M Khi
n
n
n
Do
Cu 14: |p |n C
+) 0,1 (lt) X + HCl d
M
{
n
M l Fe
+
3+
2+
Trong Y c Ag ; Fe ;Cu .
Cu 0 - 2e Cu 2+ .
3a a
10b b.
Gi s mol kh NO v{ N 2 ln lt l{ a ,b
Ta c h PT:
a + b = 0, 07
a = 0, 01mol
3a +10b = 0, 63
b = 0, 06mol
a x.a
n H2SO4 = x.n M2 (SO4 )x + nSO2 1, 25a = x. +
x = 1, 25 (loi)
2 2
x.a
xa x.a
1, 25a =
+
x = 2 (tha m~n)
TH2: X l H2S. L{m tng t ta c: n H2S =
8
2
8
Khi ho 9
i lo i vo H SO
n
n
8 M
Ch : Khi ta tm ra kh l H2S v kim loi l Mg l ng vi kin thc l thuyt. ra sn phm kh
l H2S, kim lai phi c tnh kh mnh. Cc kim loi trung bnh, yu ch ra sn phm l SO2
Cu 19: p n C
n Fe2O3 =
8
= 0,05mol
160
Vy
8
Cu 21: |p |n B
n
n
V dung dch thu c sau in phn c pH
C|c phng trnh in phn:
Mol
CuSO
0,005
N Cl Cu Cl
0,01
0,005
CuSO
H O
Mol 0,0005
Do n
n
96
Cu
n n
0,0005
do n
N SO
H SO
0,0005
6
n n H
96
Cu 22: |p |n D
Khi kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng ta c s lng gc
SO to mui vi kim loi tng ng vi cc sn phm kh nh sau:
1 mol SO2 tng ng vi 1 mol gc SO to mui vi kim loi.
1 mol S tng ng vi 3 mol gc SO to mui vi kim loi.
1 mol H2S tng ng vi 4 mol gc SO to mui vi kim loi.
p dng iu ny v quy lut bi 6 ta c cch gii nh sau:
V n
n
n n x
6
7
8 (1)
S mol NO v SO to mui vi kim loi ln lt l 0,186 v 0,047
6
Do 6x
8
6
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra x
9 v
Cu 23: |p |n B
Do cn d kim loi nn ta coi ch c cc qu trnh:
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
n
n n
n
Fe
Fe
Cu
n
Cu
88
Do 8 8
6
Cu 24: |p |n D
Lu l{ c hai loi kt ta c to ra, SO v l OH V kt ta ~ b tan mt phn nn
SO to ra l ti a (axit d). n
n
Nung kt ta th ch l OH
l O
(g)
n nn
ol
n
ol M{ ban u ta c
ol N lO nn s mol mui
l c to ra l:
8 ol
Bo ton nguyn t S:
8
n
n
n
n
67 ol
V
l
Cu 25: |p |n D
n
7
ol n
ol
Phng trnh ha hc ca ancol n chc phn ng vi Na: OH
Do n
n
ol
69
Khi
M
6
ON
n
69
ol
ol
7 l CH CH OH CH CH
+) TH2: Sn phm oxi ha ca 2 ancol u c phn ng tr|ng gng. Khi anehit tng ng
vi Z phn ng tr|ng gng theo t l 1:2
Gi s mol ca Y v Z ln lt l a v b
69
b
C {
{
M
b
b
(loi v khi lng mol ca ancol no, n chc lun l s chn)
Ch : Trong qu trnh lm trc nghim nhng bi tng t m khng c p n no bao gm 2
p n khc hoc 1 p n c 2 kt qu th khi xt TH1 c p n ng th ta dng li, kt lun lun
p n ng.
Cu 26: |p |n B
t chy 0,2 mol hn hp kh ban u bng oxi va thu c hn hp kh gm: CO H O v
N trong CO v H O b hp th bi dung dch nc vi trong.
n
n
n
=0,1 mol; n
ol n
n
7
C
nn khi lng dung dch X gim 4,25g so vi khi lng dung
dch nc vi trong ban u
Cu 27: |p |n B
0,025
0,075
0,1 (M) v [Na2HPO4]=
0,3 (M).
0,25
0,25
Cu 28: |p |n D
CO
9 8 Fe
98
n
7
M n
n
7
ol.
Fe cho 3e; O nhn 2e
S mol e Fe cho NO N O l: n
t n
n
Bo to{n mol electron
x 8
S dng phng ph|p ng cho ta tnh c: x
ol.
7
7
ol
ol.
8 lit
Cu 29: |p |n C
ol. n H+ = 0,01mol
TH 1: khi chun dung dch HCl bng 99,99 ml dung dch NaOH: n NaOH = 0,09999 0,1 = 9,999 103
mol.
Pthh:
S mol HCl d sau khi phn ng l: 0,01 - 9,999 103 = 1106 mol.
1106
pH ca dung dch thu c l : - Log
5,3.
0,1 0, 099
TH 2: Khi chun dung dch HCl bng 100,1ml dung dch NaOH. Suy ra: n NaOH = 0,1001 0,1=
0,01001 mol.
Pthh:
1105
PH ca dung dch thu c l: 14 - (-Log
) 9,7 (v TH 2 c mi trng baz)
0,1 0,1001
Vy chnh lch gi tr PH ta 2 thi im cui l : 9,7 -5,3 =4,4.
Cu 30: |p |n C
L thuyt : Quy tc in ph}n catt l{: nhng ion kim loi n{o c tnh oxi ho| c{ng mnh
Th s b in ph}n trc v{ c|c cation kim loi t Li Al th khng b in ph}n. Khi in ph}n dung
dch cha MgCl2 ;FeCl3 ;CuCl2 th th t b kh ti catt l{: Fe3+ ;Cu 2+ ; Fe2+ ; H2 O .
Ch : Ring vi Fe th Fe3+ b kh trc tin s to ra Fe2+ .nhng v tnh oxh ca Cu 2+ > Fe2+ nn Cu 2+
s b kh trc.
Cu 31: |p |n B
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
0,1
(1)
0,4
44a + 28b
= 1, 457. 28 = 40,8 a : b = 4 : 1. S mol ca CO2 trong hn hp
a+b
4
0,5 0, 4 mol. T 1 khi lng Fe3 O4 l : 0,1 232 = 23,2g.
5
Cu 32: |p |n C
Cho cc kim loi vo HNO to ra X l hn hp cc mui nitrat. Cho X tc dng vi NaOH d, v Al
v Zn l kim loi c tnh cht lng tnh nn to N lO v N nO n n c 5 hiroxit trong Y. Y
tc dng vi NH d th Cu OH v Ni OH
OH t o phc tan, ch cn M OH v Fe OH
Cu 33: |p |n D
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
x
x
3FeCO3 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 3CO2 + 5H2O
y
y/3 y
Hn hp kh cha x
ol CO v
ol NO
Theo bi ra ta c:
44(x+ y) + 30.
x+ y+
y
3
y
3 = 2.20, 6 y = 3 x % n
FeCO3
y
3x
=
= 75%
x+ y x+ 3 x
Cu 34: |p |n B
l
Fe O
l O
xFe
Y + NaOH cho H2 suy ra Y cha Al d, Fe, v{ Al2O3 (v phn ng xy ra hon ton)
Y + NaOH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 ; Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
heo ph
n tr nh h
ol
ol
9 66
6 96
9
9
Cu 35: |p |n B
v n
2x
3
4x
3
OH
A(+): Cl
2x
3
Cl
2x x
e
2x
V c kh sinh ra catot nn Cu2+ v Cl- u hthn hp cha x mol CuSO4 v 2x mol NaCl.
3
Khi l
Vy: %CuSO4=
ht t n
x
3
ol
0,1.160
.100%=31,31% .
51,1
Cu 37: |p |n B .
Pthh : 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu 2+ + 2NO + 4H2 O
0,3 0,8
0,2
Dung dch thu c gm 2 mui l Cu 2+ v Fe2+ cc cht tham gia phn ng va .
n n
n nn
r ph n n
7
Cu 39: |p |n B
loi b ht cc ion Ca 2+ ;Mg 2+ ;Ba 2+ ;H+ ra khi dung dch th phi dng dung dch K 2 CO3 . V khi
c cc phn ng xy ra ,c th loi b c kt ta hoc khi bay ln.
Ba 2+ + CO32- BaCO3
O
Fe O
l O
CuO
{M O
{
N
x
x
Fe O
C { CuO
M O
{
b
b 7
H
8
x
8
x
8
b
NH
nh lu t b o ton
Fe
{ Cu
M O
x
x
x
Cu 42: |p |n A
Chn 1 mol hn hp kh NO v N O
n
b
i {n
{
b
b
9
heo
lO
OH
ol ele tron n
8n
Ch n n
Cu 44: |p |n D
n
H
th n
6
h n hi
n
N th
ol
n
6
l OH b h
NO
O
HNO
n
u l OH
NO
H O
NO
n
n
6
6
O
HNO
NO
H O
ol
h
b h
t n
ol
t n
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
ol
x
x
x
3x
8 96
n
x
x
ol
+TH2: X + Ba(OH)2 d.
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
Mol: x
x
n
Vy:
ol
6 7
6
7
ol
9 9(g).
Cu 46: |p |n D
Ba(OH)2
CO2
Kt ta
trng
SO2
C2H4
C2H2
SO3
Kt ta trng
Kt ta trng
H2SO4 (cho
Kt ta khng
v{o kt ta
Kt ta tan
Kt ta tan
tan
bn trn)
Nc brom
Mt m{u
Mt m{u
Mt m{u
AgNO3/NH3
Kt ta v{ng
Cu 47: |p |n B
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Mol:
4x x
Khi lng cht rn gim bng khi lng kh sinh ra:
Suy ra : 6 x
x
V x
ol
Hp th hn hp kh v{o nc: 4NO2 + O2 +2H2O 4HNO3
Mol:
0,1
0,1
0,1
= 1 (M) .
Vy [HNO3]=
0,1
Cu 48: |p |n C
Bo to{n khi lng ta c
mX = mY m = 23,3-15,2= 8,1(g) n Al = 0,3(mol);nCr2O3 = 0,1 (mol) 2Al+Cr2O3 Al2O3 +2Cr
Do Al d. Y gm 0,1 mol Al; 0,1 mol Al2O3 v 0,2 mol Cr.
3
Vy nH2 = n Al +nCr = 0,35(mol) V = 7,84 (l)
2
Cu 49: |p |n A
l O
l
N lO
{
{ Fe
Fe
{
ol l OH
Fe O
N OH
l
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
t t
78
ol
769
SO v
ol l OH
7
V V
l OH
H O
8
V V
ol l OH
Ht ---