TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

TRNG THPT CHUYN KHOA HC T NHIN

THI OLYMPIC CHUYN KHOA HC T NHIN 2015

Mn thi: HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht, khng k thi gian pht
Ngy thi th nht: 09/05/2015
( thi c 03 trang, gm 07 cu)
Cu 1

(3 im) (a) S dng m hnh VSEPR hy v cu trc khng gian ca cc phn t

CCl4, TeCl4 v XeF4.

(b) S dng m hnh VSEPR hy v cu trc khng gian ca cc phn t BeCl2, SnCl2, H2S v
XeF2. D on cc gc lin kt trong cc phn t trn.
(c) Photpho to cc trihalogenua PX3 vi X = F, Cl, Br, I.
i/ Hy cho bit gc ti a XPX theo m hnh VSEPR? Trong thc t gc lin kt trong cc
trihalogenua nh hn gc ti a. Hy gii thch.
ii/ Hy cho bit i t I n F th gc lin kt bin i nh th no. Gii thch.
(d) Da vo m hnh VSEPR hy gii thch s thay i gc lin kt gia cc phn t sau:
NH3 107

PH3 93,6

PH3 93,6

PF3 96,3

Cu 2

(3 im) Cho cc s liu sau lin quan n canxi florua.

Ca (r) Ca (k)

Hth = +178,2 kJ/mol

Ca (k) Ca+ (k)

I1 = +589,7 kJ/mol

Ca+ (k) Ca2+ (k)

I2 = +1145,0 kJ/mol

F2 (k) F (k)

Hlk = +79,0 kJ/mol

F (k) F (k)

E = 322,0 kJ/mol

Ca (r) + F2 (k) CaF2 (r)

Hsn = 1219,6 kJ/mol

(a) Hy tnh nng lng mng li ca canxi florua.

Bit tch s tan ca canxi florua 25C l pKsp = 10,52.
(b) Hy tnh tan ca canxi florua trong nc ct 25C theo g/L.
Hiro florua c iu ch bng cch cho canxi florua tc dng vi axit sunfuric c
200 250C.
(c) Hy vit phng trnh phn ng gia axit sunfuric vi canxi florua.
(d) Hy tnh th tch (theo ml) dung dch axit sunfuric 96 % (d = 1,84 g /cm 3) cn dng
iu ch 1000 L kh hiro florua 1,013 bar v 200C.
Flo c iu ch bng cch in phn nng chy hn hp hiro florua v kali florua.
Clo c iu ch bng cch in phn dung dch mui clorua.
(e) Hy gii thch ti sao phng php iu ch clo trn khng p dng c iu ch
flo. Hy vit cc bn phn ng xy ra anot v catot trong qu trnh in phn dung dch
natri florua.

Cu 3

(2 im) Trn mt axit icacboxylic vi etanol theo t l mol tng ng l 1 : a (c mt

xc tc). Xy ra cc phn ng:

R(COOH)2 + C2H5OH

R(COOH)(COOC2H5) + H2O

R(COOH)(COOC2H5) + C2H5OH

R(COOC2H5)2 + H2O

K1 = 20
K2 = 20

Hy cho bit gi tr ca a (bit a > 1) hiu sut to monoeste t cc i. Hy tnh gi tr

hiu sut cc i .
Cu 4

(3 im) Phn ng pha kh: A2 (k) + 2 B (k) 2 AB (k)

c xc tc bi cht C. Hng s tc tng cng ca phn ng tng tuyn tnh (bc nht)
theo nng xc tc. Cc s liu sau c o 400 K vi [C] = 0,050 molL-1:
Th nghim

[A2] (molL-1)

[B] (molL-1)

Tc u (molL-1s-1)

0,010

0,10

1,600 10-10

0,010

0,20

3,200 10-10

0,100

0,20

1,012 10-9

(a) Hy xc nh phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng.

(b) Hy tnh hng s tc tng cng ca phn ng (ktc) 400 K.
(c) C ch ca phn ng trn c xut nh sau.
A2 (k)

k1

2 A (k)

k-1

A (k) + B (k) + C (k)

ABC (k)

k3

cn bng nhanh
k2

ABC (k)

chm

AB (k) + C (k)

Hy chng minh c ch trn ph hp vi phng trnh phn ng tng cng.

(d) Hy chng minh c trn trn ph hp vi phng trnh ng hc xc nh c phn
(a).
(e) Hy tnh nng lng phn li lin kt ca A2 t cc s liu sau:

400 K, khi [A2] = 1,0 10-1 molL-1 th [A] = 4,0 10-3 molL-1.

Khi th nghim u tin trn c thc hin lp li 425 K thy tc u ca

phn ng tng gp ba ln.

Nng lng hot ha ca bc chm nht l 45,0 kJ/ mol.

Cu 5

(3 im) Nung 5,000 g hn hp cha CaCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCl2 v Ca(ClO3)2 nhit

cao thu c 1,000 lit hn hp cc kh CO2, H2O v O2 1,312 atm v 400,0 K. Khi nhit
ca hn hp kh c lm lnh xung 300,0 K, p sut trong bnh gim xung cn 0,897 atm.
p sut hi nc nhit ny l 27,0 torr. Kh trong bnh c dng t chy mt
lng d axetilen (C2H2). Bin thin entanpy ca qu trnh t chy l -7,796 kJ. Cho bit:
Hsn(C2H2(k)) = 226,8 kJ.mol-1;

Hsn (CO2(k)) = -393,5 kJ.mol-1;

Hsn(H2O(k)) = -241,8 kJ.mol-1;

Hhh 298K(H2O(l)) = 44,0 kJ.mol-1.

(a) Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

(b) Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca CaCO3 v CaCl2 trong hn hp u.

Cu 6

(3 im) Lu hunh to c mt s hp cht vi oxi v cc halogen. Cc hp cht

ny ch yu l hp cht cng ha tr v d b thy phn trong nc.

(a) Hy vit cng thc Lewis ca cc phn t SCl2, SO3, SO2ClF, SF4 v SBrF5 (lu hunh l
nguyn t trung tm).
(b) Hy v hnh hc ca nm phn t trn.
Hp cht X c cha lu hunh (mi phn t c cha mt nguyn t lu hunh), oxi v
mt hoc mt s nguyn t trong s cc nguyn t F, Cl, Br v I. Ha tan mt lng nh X
vo nc. N b thy phn hon ton v khng xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh, cc sn phm
to thnh u tan trong nc. Dung dch cc thuc th sau (u c nng 0,1 M) c
thm vo cc phn ring r cha dung dch thu c trn. Cc kt qu thu c nh sau:

Thm HNO3 v AgNO3: c kt ta mu vng.

Thm Ba(NO3)2: khng c hin tng.

Thm NH3 trung ha dung dch v pH = 7 v thm Ca(NO3)2: khng c hin

tng.

Thm KMnO4 sau thm Ba(NO3)2: thy mt mu tm v xut hin kt ta trng.

Thm Cu(NO3)2: khng thy kt ta xut hin.

Ha tan hon ton 7,190 g cht X vo nc to thnh 250,0 cm3 dung dch. 25,00 cm3
dung dch ny phn ng vi lng va AgNO3 thu c 1,452 g kt ta.
(c) Hy xc nh cng thc ca X.
(d) Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ca X vi nc.
Cu 7

(3 im) Th nghim sau c tin hnh xc nh tch s tan ca bc bromua: Trn

20,0 mL dung dch kali bromua 0,0100 mol/L vi 20,0 mL dung dch bc nitrat 0,0100 mol/L
trong mt cc thy tinh. Nhng in cc calomel (in cc so snh) v in cc chn lc ion
bc vo dung dch trong cc. Sut in ng gia hai in cc xc nh c l 0,199 V.
(a) Hy tnh tch s tan ca bc bromua. Cho:
Ag+ (aq) + e- Ag(r)

E = 0,800 V

in cc calomel

E = 0,241 V

T = 298,15 K trong c bi
(b) Hy tnh Go ca phn ng AgBr (r) Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq)
Bit

AgBr(r) + e- Ag(r) + Br-(aq)

E = 0,071 V.

(c) Hy xc nh th kh chun ca in cc AgI/ Ag, I-. Bit Ksp(AgI) = 8,1210-17.

--- HT --* Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu;
* Gim th khng gii thch g thm.