Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, Larsen-Freeman, 2000)
Communicative Language Teaching in 21st century
Problems with traditional Communicative
Language Teaching The communicative reform only focused on the linguistic course content by drawing on: Austin and Searles speech act theory Hymes model of communicative competence and its application to L2 proficiency by Canale and Swain (1980; Canale 1983) Hallidays systemic functional grammar
Problems with traditional Communicative
Language Teaching The only learning-specific principle is the broad tenet of learning through doing: Communicative competence develops automatically through their active participation in seeking situational meaning. Thus, CLT did not properly address the psychology of learning
Problems with traditional Communicative
Language Teaching Vagueness of seeking situational meaning diverse varieties of CLT around the world Well-known example: contradictory stances with respect to the teaching of grammar In sum: There is no single text or authority on it [CLT], nor any single model that is universally accepted as authoritative (Richards & Rodgers, 2001, p. 155)
The ongoing transformation of CLT
Explicit versus Implicit learning
FonF vs FFI
Formulaic Language Fluency & Automatization
Seven principles of the new principled
Communicative Approach 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
The personal significance principle
The controlled practice principle The declarative input principle The focus on form principle The formulaic language principle The language exposure principle The focused interaction principle
M.E. Sharpe - The Elements of International English Style A Guide To Writing Correspondence - Reports - Technical Documents - and Internet Pages For A Global Audience - (2005)