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Ion Xa- c s ht l ( p, n, e + a)
Ion Yb+ c s ht l ( p, n, e - b)
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Cu 38: ng c 2 ng v
khi trung bnh ca Cu ?
63
29
Cu ;
65
29
Cu 39: Trong t nhin ng (k hiu ha hc l: Cu) c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca Cu l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuSO4?
Cu 40: X c 2 ng v l X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in ca X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2g Ca tc
dng vi 1 lng X va thu c 5,994g hp cht CaX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1:X2 = 605:495 v X
th 35 trong bng tun hon. S khi ca X1 v X2 l:
A. 79 v 81
B. 80 v 81
C. 78 v 80
D. 80 v 82
37
Cu 41: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn l 17 Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l 1735Cl . Thnh
phn % theo khi lng
37
17
Cl trong HClO4.
A. 8,56%
B. 8,92%
C. 8,79%
D. 8,43%
Cu 42: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo (B) bng 10,81 u. Bit B gm c hai ng v 105 B v 115 B . Hi c
bao nhiu phn trm s nguyn t ng v 115 B trong phn t axit H3BO3.
Cu 43: Cho 8 gam mt kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi clo d, sau phn ng thy c 22,2 gam
37
mui X. Mt khc clo trong t nhin c hai ng v 17
Cl v 1735Cl v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5.
Xc nh % khi lng ca ng v
37
17
Cl c trong mui X.
DNG 4:
MI QUAN H GIA TH TCH, BN KNH
KHI LNG RING CA HT NHN V NGUYN T
Phng php gii:
- Th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t v nguyn t tnh theo cng thc th tch hnh cu:
4
V r 3 (r l bn knh ca ht nhn v nguyn t; c gi tr l 3,14)
3
n v ca V ph thuc vo n v ca r: 1nm = 10-9m = 10-7cm = 10A
Khi lng ring ca ht nhn hoc nguyn t c xc nh theo cng thc:
m
D
g / cm3
hoc
kg / m3
V
Bi tp vn dng:
Cu 1: Nguyn t km c bn knh r = 1,35.10-1nm v c nguyn t khi l 65u.
a. Xc nh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km (g/cm3)
b. Thc t hu nhu khi lng ca nguyn t tp trung ht nhn c bn knh r = 2.10-6 nm. Tnh khi
lng ring ht nhn nguyn t km (g/cm3).
c. Nu trong tinh th, cc nguyn t km ch chim khong 70% th tch, phn cn li l rng th thc t
khi lng ring ca km l bao nhiu g/cm3.
Cu 2: Trong mt t bo n v ca tinh th X (mng lp phng tm din, vi cnh ca hnh lp phng l a =
3,62.10-8 cm) c 4 n v cu trc. Khi lng ring ca nguyn t ny l 8920 kg/m3. Bit trong t bo lp
-
a 2
.
4
a. Tnh th tch ca cc nguyn t trong mt t bo v phn trm th tch ca t bo b chim bi cc
nguyn t x.
b. Xc nh nguyn t X.
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C. So obitan trong la 6.
D. A, B eu ung.
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S TT nhm = a + b.
+ nu a + b = 8, 9, 10
S TT nhm = 8.
+ nu a + b > 10
S TT nhm = a + b 10.
9
2
n 1 d10 ns1
n 1 d ns
- Mt s nguyn t nguyn t c cu hnh electron c dng:
4
2
n 1 d 5ns1
n 1 d ns
Cu 71: Nguyn t A c Z = 18,v tr ca A trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 3, phn nhm VIB
B. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIA
C. chu k 3, phn nhm VIA
D. chu k 3, phn nhm VIIIB
Cu 72: Nguyn t R c Z = 25,v tr ca R trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIA
B. chu k 4, phn nhm VB
C. chu k 4, phn nhm IIA
D. chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB
5
Cu 73: Nguyn t A c mc nng lng ngoi cng l 3p . Ngt B c mc nng lng ngoi cng 4s2. Xc
nh v tr ca A, B trong BTH ?
Cu 74: Xc nh v tr ca cc ngt c mc nng lng ngoi cng l :
A. 3s23p5
B. 3d104p6
C. 4s23d3
D. 4s23d10
E. 4s23d8
Cu 75: Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l ns1, ns2 np1, ns2
np5. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. A, M, X ln lt l cc th 11, 13 v 17 ca bng tun hon.
B. A, M, X u thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon.
C. A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIIA v VIIA ca bng tun hon.
D. Trong ba nguyn t, ch c X to c hp cht vi hiro.
Cu 76: Anion X3- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca X trong BTH l:
A. th 15, chu k 3, phn nhm VA
B. th 16, chu k 2, phn nhm VA
C. th 17, chu k 3, phn nhm VIIA
D. th 21, chu k 4, phn nhm IIIB
2+
2 2
6
Cu 77: Ion X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p . V tr ca X trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm IA
Cu 78: Ion Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6. V tr ca Y trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm) l
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
+
2Cu 79: Cation X v anion Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t
trong BTH l:
A. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
B. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
C. X c STT 19, chu k 4, nhm IA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
D. X c STT 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA; Y c STT 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
Cu 80: Nguyn t Y c Z = 22.
a.
Vit cu hnh electron ngt Y, xc nh v tr ca Y trong BTH ?
b.
Vit cu hnh electron ca Y2+; Y4+ ?
Cu 81: Ngt A chu k 5, nhm IA, nguyn t B c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4p5.
a.
Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B v v tr ca nguyn t A v B.
b.
Gi tn A, B v cho bit A, B l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him ?
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org
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%O
%R
Cu 1: Ngt X c ho tr 1 trong hp cht kh vi hiro. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht X chim 38,8% khi
lng. Cng thc oxit cao nht, hiroxit tng nga ca X l :
A. F2O7, HF
B. Cl2O7, HClO4
C. Br2O7, HBrO4
D. Cl2O7, HCl
Cu 2: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca ngt c cng thc RH4, oxit cao nht c 72,73% oxi theo khi lng, R l :
A. C
B. Si
C. Ge
D. Sn
Cu 3: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R l RO3. Hp cht kh ca R vi hiro c 5,88 % hiro v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 4: Oxit cao nht ca R l R2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 5: H/cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH4. Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi v khi lng. Tm R.
Cu 6: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca ngt R l RH2. Trong oxit cao nht, t l khi lng gia R v oxi l 2 : 3.
Tm R.
Cu 7: Nguyn t R c cng thc hp cht vi hidro l RH. Trong hp cht oxi cao nht, R chim 74,2% v
khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R v cho bit n l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim?
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org
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m in
Tng dn
Gim dn
Tnh kim loi
Gim dn
Tng dn
Tnh phi kim
Tng dn
Gim dn
Ho tr ca 1 ngt trong
= chnh s th t nhm = s e
Tng t I VII
Oxit cao nht
lp ngoi cng
Tnh axit ca oxit v
Tng dn
Gim dn
hiroxit
Tnh baz ca oxit v
Gim dn
Tng dn
hiroxit
* Khi so snh bn knh ca nguyn t v ion cn ch :
+ S lp electron cng lp => bn kinh cng ln.
+ Khi cng s lp electron => S p cng ln, bn knh cng ln.
+ Khi cng s p v e, th s e lp ngoi cng cng ln => bn kinh nguyn t cng ln.
* Mt s quy lut khi so snh tnh axit ca cc hp cht v c
+ Vi hp cht cha oxi: (HO)nXOm trong X l nguyn t trung tm khi :
- Gi tr m cng ln th tnh axit cng mnh
V d:
m = 0 => HClO; HBrO, H3BO3, H3PO3, .... l cc axit rt yu
m = 1 => HClO2; HBrO2, HNO2, H2CO3, H2SO3, H2SiO3, .... l cc axit yu
m = 2 => HClO3; H2SO4, HNO3, .... l cc axit mnh
- Nu cng gi tr n v m => m in ca nguyn t trung tm cng ln (tnh phi kim cng
mnh) th tnh axit cng tng. V d HIO3 < HBrO3 < HClO3
- Nhng axit a chc (n > 1) th tnh axit gim dn khi ln lt tch 1, 2, ...n ion H+ ra khi phn
t. V d:
H2SO4 > HSO4
hoc H3 PO4 H2 PO4 HPO42
+ Vi nhng axit khng cha oxi: HnX. Khi
- Trong nhm A i t trn xung di th tnh axit tng dn. V d:
HF < HCl < HBr < HI
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te
- Trong chu k, i t tri sang phi th tnh axit tng dn. V d
BH3 < CH4 < NH3 < H2O < HF
Trc tin : Xc nh v tr cc ngt so snh cc ngt trong cng chu k, trong 1 nhm kt qu
Lu : Bit rng bn knh cc ion c cng cu hnh electron t l nghch vi Z
Cu 107: Trong chu k, t tri sang phi, theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn:
A.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK gim
B. Tnh KL gim, tnh PK tng
C.Tnh KL tng, tnh PK tng
D.Tnh KL gim, tnh PK gim
Cu 108: Trong 1 chu k, i t tri sang phi, theo chiu Z tng dn, bn knh nguyn t:
A.Tng dn
B. Gim dn
C. Khng i
D. Khng xc nh
Cu 109: Bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t : Na, Li, Be, B. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. B < Be < Li < Na
B. Na < Li < Be < B
C. Li < Be < B < Na
D. Be < Li < Na < B
Cu 110: m in ca cc nguyn t : Na, Mg, Al, Si. Xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. Na < Mg < Al < Si
B. Si < Al < Mg < Na
C. Si < Mg < Al < Na
D. Al < Na < Si < Mg
Cu 111: m in ca cc nguyn t : F, Cl, Br, I .Xp theo chiu gim dn l:
A. F > Cl > Br > I
B. I> Br > Cl> F
C. Cl> F > I > Br
D. I > Br> F > Cl
Cu 112: Cc nguyn t C, Si, Na, Mg c xp theo th t nng lng ion ho th nht gim dn l :
A. C, Mg, Si, Na
B. Si, C, Na, Mg
C. Si, C, Mg, Na
D. C, Si, Mg, Na
Cu 113: Tnh kim loi gim dn trong dy :
A. Al, B, Mg, C
B. Mg, Al, B, C
C. B, Mg, Al, C
D. Mg, B, Al, C
Bin son: Thy Ng Xun Qunh T: 0979.817.885 E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
Website: http://www.hoahoc.org
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