Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye A.MO DAU Phan tich quang phé hod hoe ld mét trong nhting phwong phép phan tich cng ew phd bign va quan trong 48 xée dinh dinh tinh cing nhur dinh Igng cée nguyén t8, cde hop chét trong nhitu 46i wong phn tich khic nhau, vi abu: dé kiém tra ce qua trinh sin xuat rong cng nghigp héa hoc, céng nghigp luyéa kim, dé nghién eu dia chat, nghién citu sinh hoe, y hgc, khong vat hoc... Co sé cita phurong phép phan tich nay fi diva vio su tong tée gitta bite xa dign tir ‘véi cée phan tit hod hoc. C6 bén qua trinh co ban xay ra khi chiéu chim bite xa dign tir vio tap hop vat chat: hip thy, huymh quang, phat xa, tn xa. Nhting qué trinh nay déu tuén theo mot s6 méi quan hé dinh lugng thé hign qua 5 dinh luat co sé trong hhéa quang phd. Nhing méi twong quan nay chinh Ta kién thite co ban ding cho tit ca ce phuong phip phan tich hod quang phé. Chinh vi thé 48 thudn Igi cho vige tip cn cling niu c6 duge ahitng kién tte tong quit true khi nghién efru stu vio eée phirong phip phan tich quang phd, toi chon dé tai: * Tim hiéu nhing dinh lugt co so cua sy hap thy anh sang".Tiéu in phn th quang phi od hye B. NOI DUNG 1. Nhiing dinh lugt eo ban cia sy hap thy énh sing 11. Binh tu Bouguer - Lambert LLL. Thi nghigm [4/269 J Xét sy hép thy nh sing béi mét dung dich miu nm trong cuvet véi cée thanh song song, Bé day cia lép dung dich hip thy anh sing la 1. Chigu mot bie xa nang lugng 06 cong dé I, ti dung dich, dung dich sé hp thy mot phan, phan cén lai sé di ra khoi dung dich t6i may thu (detecto) 48 ghi nhan, iu tién Bouger (Pierre Bouger:1698-1758) phat hign ra ring phin nang lngng bite xa bj hap thy trén mdi dogn dong A/eiia binh dng o6 ty 16 thuiin voi chigu dy cia bin, Tiép 46 Lambert (Johann Heinrich Lambert: 1728-1777) da néu Iai méi lign hg nay duéi tén goi ugt Lambert va céng thite tro thin: =I Phin nang hrgng bi hip thu 1.1.2. Cong thiee cita dink tugt [2/241] Céng thite cia dinh Iujt Bouguer- Lambert: Aalk a Trong dé: A: 1d mat d6 quang, de trang cho kha ning hap thy cia dung dich mau. 1: la bé day ca dung dich, e6 don yj cm. k: li dai long hing dinh dic trung cho chat d3 cho. Hé s nay trong cic igi han rong khéng phy thude urimg 49 chim sing, chi cé nhiing gid tr rit lin cia :méi khéng cén hing dinh va quan sat théy c6 sy phy thude cia k vio I. [2/241] 1.1.3. Noi dung ctia djnh tugt [623] “Lurgng tong déi cia dong sing bj hép thy béi méi trang ma né di qua khéng phy thude vao cudng 46 ctia tia toi. MGi mot lép bé day nhu nhau hap thy mot phan dong sing dom site di qua dung dich nhu ahau”Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 1.1.4. Chieng minh cong tive ‘hd [2/1 I 1 Lik b Hinh dung thi nghigm trén nhu hinh vé, ta chia b& day dung dich thanh | lop nho. Khi dnb sing di qua lép dung dich thir nhat, cudng 46 nh sng gidm di n lain nén & cudi lop thir nhit cudng 46 dnh sang bing: n=4) (et 2 Cubi lop thir nit cing e6 nghia la dau lp thit hai. Chim dah sing ¢6 euimg 46 1, chiéu qua [dp thir hai, sau khi di qua Iép thir hai cling giam di n Lin (cde lop c6 be diy nhur nhau), Nén ta 06: @) ‘Twong tw nhur thé khi anh sing tiép tue di qua cde lép edn lai, nhur vay sau khi anh sing di qua tat cd céc lip (di hét toan b6 bé day ldp dung dich) thi cuong d6 anh sing di ra bing @ Hay: fan (5) (6) Dai lugng tg goi 14 46 hdp thy quang cha dung dich (hay mt 4 quang) ki higu bing A (Absorbance): A=lign aTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye Giich 2: [5/121 Chia dung dich thanh nhimg Iép v6 cing nhé c6 bé diy la dl. Anh sing di qua lép dl gidm mati. dl =-adl.I (8) 1a hg 86 ti Ig, dae mumg cho chit nghign cia iu (-): biéu thj cho sy gidm cuéng d9 anh sang, (8) c6 thé viét thank: q =-adl 0) Khi anh sing di ra khdi lép dung dich o6 bé day la 1, ta Idy tich phan toan bé day cita dung dich va cudng d6 I, dén I) (19) L 2,303 al igh KI (1) i: 1a hing s6 tgomg ty nhur Ign trong phurong trinh (6). 11S. Ba thi A © 1 Hinh L: Dé thi biéu dién su phu thude cia mét dé quang A vio bé day etia lip dung dich tai gid tr} bude sing 2 xc dinhTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye o12 3 4 lem Hinh Dé thi biéu dién sw phu thube ctia cuéng dé dong séng vio bé day ctia Jap dung dich tai gic tri bude séng 4 xéc dink 1.2. Dinh lujt Beer 1.2.1. Thi nghigm [5/13] su hap thy anh sing boi mét chat mau c6 thanh phan va cdu tric khong doi ki ndng dé thay dé Lay dung djch mau 6 vio mot dng hinh try cao, ndng 49 chét hdp thy énh sing trong dung dich 14 C,, quan sat dO hap thy anh séng tir trén xudng (toan b6 lp dung dich), thu duge mat d> quang 1a A,. Sau dé pha loang dung dich n lan va Igi quan sat @ hip thy énh séng tir wen xuéng, thu duge mét d® quang Ia A, Nhgn thdy A, = A=KIC (2) 1.2.2. Cong thiee Céng thite eva djnh luat Beer: A=KILC (13) K: lag s6 ty 18 C; la ndng d6 cia dung dich, tinh bing don vj mol/L. 1: bé day cita dung dich, do bang em. 1.233. Noi dung ciia dink tugt [625] Co hai c +n phat bigu dnl Iu nay: Cach 1: “Sy hap thy dong quang nang ty Ié béc nhat véi s6 phan tir cua chat hap thy ma ding quang nang di qua no”. Céch 2: “D9 hip th dn sing ci dung dich mau (4g lugng m§t 46 quang) ty 1¢ bac nhdt vai ndng 46 cita dung dich chat hdp thy 4nh sing”. 5Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 1.2.4, Chieng minh cong thie [5/13] Dung dich ban daw c6 ning d@ Cy, bé day ly nén A, = K.h.C. Khi pha loaing dung, thi duge dung dich mdi e6 ning do C2, C: I nén Ag = K.b.C: = Knh).(Cy/n dich nay n dich 1a I, Ci/n, bé day ca dung = A=KLC (k Kc, sidng nhau vi du la mét chit miu) C6 thé ching minh m@t céch khac nhu sau: Vi dung dich 2 chinh li dung dich 1 44 duge pha loang n Lin nén hai dung dich nay cé sé trung tim hdp thy nh sng 1a bing nhau nén dO hap thy quang cua hai dung dich 1a nhur nhau. 1.2.5. Do thy Dya vio bigu thite ciia dinh Iuat 6 phutong trinh (13) ta thay 48 thi biéu dign sw phu thude cia A vio ndng d6 la m6t dudng thing di qua géc toa d nhur hinh 2a, phuong trinh dudng thing y= ax, Tuy nhién trong thyc té, do thi biéu dign syr phu thude cia A vao ning 46 thudng la mot dung thang khdng di qua eée toa d6 nur hinh 2b, phurong trinh dung thang y=ax+b, nguyén nan 1a do anh hung ca thanh phin nén cia mau (anh hung cia nén), A A Hinh 2a c Hinh 2b c Hinh 3: Dé thi biéu dién su phu thude ciia mét dé quang A vio néng dé ctia dung dich tai gid tri bude sing A xéc dink, 13. Dinh lugt hyp nhat Bouguer- Lambeer- Beer 13.1. Cong thive Két hop phuromg trinh (7) va (13) ta durge biéu thite ciia din lust hop nat aay Trong dé: A: 1a ma 2 lad hdp thy phan tir gam, don vj L.mol'.em") 6Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 1: fa bé day ctia dung dich, don vi em. C: ndng d6 cita dung dich mau, don vi mol/L. 1.3.2. Noi dung dinh luét [736] “Khi di qua hé (dung djch mau) mét chim photon don sic thi mite 46 h4p thy ctia dung dich miu ty 1¢ thuin véi cong suét chim photon vi ndng d6 céc phin tir hép thy” 13.3. Bé thi Dya vio phuong trinh (14) khi ta c6 dinh e (bing céich do tgi mt bude séng xée dinh), | khéng d6i (do trong cuvet c6 bé day nh nhau), nong d6 C thay doi thi hic nay mat 4 quang chi phy thude bac nhat vao nong 46 C. DO thi bieu dién sy phy thude ctia A vao néng dé la mét duong thing di qua géc toa dé nhw hinh 3a, phurong trinh during thing y = ax. Tuy nhién trong thu té, dé thi biéu dign sy phu thude cia A vao néng d6 thudmg 1 mot dudng thing khong di qua gée toa d6 nhwr hinh 3b, phuong trinh duémg thing y=ax+b, nguyén niin 18 do anh hudng eta thanh phan nén cia mau (anh hug cita nén), A A > . oO 3 Hinh 3a 7 Hiinh 3 Hinh 3: B6 thi biéu dign sw phu thude cita mat dé quang A vio néng dé C. 1.4, Dinh lugt eOng tinh Ba dinh ludt duge gidi thigu 6 trén chi ap dung duge cho mét chat hap thy anh sing, Néu mt hé c6 nhiéu chat hap thu anh sing thi edn phai c6 dink tat thir tr bé sung cho ba dinh tuft trén 6 chinh 1a dink Tugt eng tinh, din Iugt may 1a eo sé inh ndng 49 cia hé nhiéu clu tir hip thy dh sing. dinh lugng cho vi TAL. Thi nghigm [1/17]Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye Bo do hi dich 1 c6 néng 46 Cy duge gia tri A, ciia dung dich 2 6 ning d6 C2 durge gid tri thy quang bing cuvet day I cm tai mt bude song nhat dinh cita dung ving d6 chat 1 18 C),chat 2 e6 nding dé 14 Co duge gid tr As 2, ella dung dich 3 c Thiy ring néu 1-va2 khong tong ti wi nhau thi Ay= Ay+As edn néu 1 va 2 twong te vOi mhau thi As # AVA 1.4.2, Cong thive [2/254] Gia sir hg e6 n edu tr khong tuong tie hod hoe Véi nhau: A, B, C,..N theo dinh Iuat e6ng tinh: Mat d quang cta dung dich: A= Apt Ait Att AS as) Hay: Ay=SA HS ELC, (16) (Theo dinh twat Bouguer- Lambert-Beer) 1.4.3.Noi dung [6/30] 6 mét bude séng da cho mat 46 quang cia mét hn hgp céc céu tir khong twong tée hod hge véi nhau bing tng mat 46 quang cita cdc cau tir riéng bigt 6 cing bude séng nay” 1.4.4, Chieng minh cong thite [2/254] Gia thigt hé 6 3 céu tir A, B, C hap thu anh séng khdng tong téc véi nhau, Do cae cdu tir khong trong téc véi nhau va déec lap trong hap thu bite xa dign tir nén ta 6 thé hinh dung si hap thu bite xa ctia hé nur sau: 4 Tacé: 4; =Ie7 an; Mit d6 quang cita toan dung dich tai bude séng 2: Ai, = eh 20) Cong (17), (18), (19) ta dugeTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye preceeded Al + A+ 7 ep tey iy hog » alg = Ai (22) Vay: (23) (24) Il. Cae dgi lrgng co bin ding trong pho hap thy HLL. Ma f 49 quang, ILL. Cong thice [1/16] Theo dinh Iuét hop nhét Bouguer-Lambeer-Beer thi mat 46 quang duge xée din bing céng thit: AselC (25) Trong dé: ¢: li hé s6 hip thy phan tir gam, né phy thude vio ban chat chat mau va bude song cia nh sing t6i +6 = f(4). Nhu vay 4= /(A,b,C) Do dé khi do mat d6 quang cia dung dich véi cuvet ¢6 bé day la I em bing céc tia sing c6 2 khae nhau, khi dé 1, C 1a khong déi nén 4= f(A) cho ta dutmg cong biéu dién phd hip thy cha chit hdp thy anh sing. Khi do mat 49 quang eda dung dich & ndng d9 1M, cuvet | cm thi mat d6 quang thu duge chinh la hs hap thy phan te gam ¢, do thj biéu dién sy phy thuge cla ¢ vio 2. Ars stint 4: Dong chung capi kp te ci Mr mab ing dm dp thTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye ya vao phé hap thy ta biét duge chit maw hap thy cue dai 6 bude séng mao tir dé 6 thé xc dinh dinh tinh vé chat mau. M1.3. Thie nguyén A khong 06 thir nguyén, A e6 gid tr tir 0920 IL1.4. Céch do sue hdp thy [3/86 | Negudi ta khong ding tryc tiép dinh luat Beer duge viét duéi dang phuong trinh (14) trong phan tich hod hgc. Trong ede diéu kign cia phong thi nghigm khong c6 phuong phap thudn tign dé do I hoae I, vi dung dich nghién cir cn phai 6 trong mot binh nio dé (trong cuvet). Trong trudng hop nay khéng thé trinh khoi sw tong tée gitta bite xa va cae thanh cia cuvet dan dén sy mat mat bie xa do sir phan xa tir tig bé mat cia cuvet, sy hdp thy dang ké cia thanh cuvel, sw tin xa cia cae phan te Kon hay do sit khéng déng nhit trong hé va sy phan xa. Dé trigt tiéu nhting syr mat mét nay ngudi ta thurdng so sinh cudmg 46 cia chim di qua dung dich hip thy véi cudng 49 cia chim sing cing di qua cuvet nay v6i dung dich so sinh, Sau d6 6 thé imi d& quang gin véi me d6 quang thye,e6 nghia I: Joa, Ts alg eh 26) Trong dé: dd, la dung dich so sinh (dung dich so sinh e6 thé 18 dung moi nguyén chit hay dung dich do da pha loang), dd, 14 dung do. Hign nay céc may do mat 46 quang da duoc ché tao dé c6 thé doc truc tigp A trén may. 11.2.9 truyén quang M21. Cong thie Tys6 z dic trang cho 46 trayén quang eta anh sing qua dung dich duge ggi la 9 truygn quang hay d6 trong suét duge ki higu bing chit T. TL g-we a Gro en) Néu dung dich chita nhidu céu tir cé kha ning hap thy mau, khdng twong tic hod hoe v6i nau, thi d@ tran quang ca dung dich lasTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 1.2.2. Thie nguyén T khong c6 thir nguyén, T c6 gid tri tir 10 (néu biéu dign theo phin trim la 1000). T duge dge inte tigp trén may do. 113. HG 96 hp thy phan tir gam M3.1. Cong thie [7] Tar cong thite: AzslC Trong dé: C duge tinh bing mol/L, | tinh bang em. Qua bigu thie trén ta thdye 06 gid trj bing A khi dung dich cé ndng d6 bing 1M, do véi cuvet c6 bé day Lem. n. Thie nguyén A 4 LC Kem).C(mol iL) PEE Tem)Clmmol lem) Hay 11.3.3. nghta [5/17] HG sé hap thu phn tit gam ¢ dic trmg cho ban chat cia chit hdp thu énh sing , Khong phy thude vao thé tich ciia dung dich, bé day cua lip dung dich ma chi phy thuge vio bude sing / ciia ding sing tia Chinh vi thé dy Iugng thudmg duge coi la tigu chun khdch quan quan trong hit dé dénh gid d6 nhay cia phép dinh hang tric quang «= f(A). Gid ti cia cic rit khdic nhau tuy theo ban chat mau: ede ion don (Cu, Ni...) 6 ving kha kién 06 & 10°-10°, ce phite véi cde thude thir hitu co 0 & rat én; 10°-10°, 13.4, Cae plucong phip xéc dink{1/18] C6 nhigu phuong phip xe dinh hé sé hp thy phan tir gam: phuomg phip Cama, phuong phép Yaximirxky.. sau day chi gidi thigu phuong phap xée dinh hé sé hép thy phan tir gam bing phuong phap thye nghigm: X¢1 phan img tao phite mau tir ion kim logi X va thude thir R: uTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye X+nR0 XR, Lap mot day thi nghiém véi nong 46 cua mét trong hai cdu tir khong d6i con céu tir kia thay d6i (cde diéu kign khde nbw nhau: pH, thanh phan dung méi...).0 day ta chon X khéng déi cdn R thay 464 Trurdng hop 1: Biét céu tir X da chuyén hod hoan toan thanh phire mau XR,. Khi 46 syr phu thude ctia A vao thude thir R duge bigu dign 6 hinh sau: Ce Hinh S: Mit d6 quang cia mt day ede dung dich o6 ning a X king 6 R khac nhau. Lute dé dura vio dé thi xde dinh duoc Ang. ndng d6 cba cfu tit X di biét Cy, ta e6: ono Trurémg hop 2: Khong thé két lnin chinh xie la X da chuyén hét thanh phite mau XR, dit co dur R bao nhigu di nita. Khi dé sw phu thude cla A vio thude thir R(X khong déi) durge biéu dign & hinh sau:Ce Ce _Hinh 6; Mét dé quang ctia mbt day cde dung dich cé néng dé X khong di, nong dé R the nau. Tir hinh 6 ta thay: khong thé xée dinh duge Ax, nhu trudng hop 1, do 6 phai xie dnb hé s6 hap thu phan tr gam bing cich khde néu bigt thinh phin ciia phitc. Gia sit phite 06 thanh phan XR, X ¢6 néng dé toan phin khong déi la Cy va néng do RG cic digm tuong ting voi mat db quang Aj, As la Cc Néu chi c6 mot hop chat XR duge tgo thanh thi ce Cr ta cbsx,, -LXUA]_(Cx=Cer) Ce _(Cr=CinJ cl ee (€x=PCin) CE 1G (C= pc} P(CR-Gy) Giai phuong trinh tren ta due: Cy Cie gid i C,,Ch,C} clia dung dich da biét va xde dinh duge gid tri p=Ay/A, bang thye nghiém ta 6 thé tinh duge ndng 46 cia phitc mau C}, va hé sé hap thu phan wr gam: A a ‘Néu phite la XR, thiét Kap twong ty ta cling tinh duge Cl, :Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye IL4.Bang tom tit cde dai lrgng ding trong phd hap thy . | Cae yeu Bai Thir cae yéu tb), Dac Cong thite 16 khong Iuong nguyén phu thuge diém phu thuge ee Gh Cong A =6lC Khong ©6 hy A dung mdi tinh Pho A 10" =10" eGht, va TA pT | A1ON=10 Khong 06 bo A dung moi nguge nnhau Dac ie 2,0, dung trumg cho méi, ban chat 46 hay e | -4 ‘mol! hay Pee ee Got Ee IC yy fea chit hip ea phan em’.mmot : thu nh sing. img trie quang C.BAITAP 4Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye Bai tip vé djnh lujt Bouguer- Lambert Bai 18 /250-bai 2] Hai chi day cia lép dung dich phai bing bao nhigu dé giém eudmg d6 dong sing xuéng 10 lin, bigt ring hg 8 hap thy dah sing trong bigw thie cia din hut Buoguer- Lambert k = 0.0475 Gia é gidm curing d6 chim sing xudng 10 Tin ¢6 nghia Ta: 7 Ap dung dinh tuat Bouguer- Lambert ta 6: 0.0075 Vay véi bé day cita dung dich lé 21,9 cm thi cuéng dé ctia ding sing sé giam xudng 10 lin khi di qua dung dich. Bai 2 (2/262-bai 1 Nguoi ta tim thay ring dO truyén quang ca mau chia cée phan tir hip thy trong chigu day b cuvet ci phi quing Ki 00 em bing 24,7%. Bp truyén quang (trong %) ciia chinh mau nay trong cdc cuvet 06 bé day: a) 1,00 em ) 10,00 om ©) 1,00 mm. 88 bing bao nhiéu? Gidi Ap dung dinh lugt Buoguer- Lambert: A=kI=-IgT > k=—82 1 ‘Voi dung dich da do duge dé truyén quang (ki higu T,, jet 1 o Voi dung dich in xc dinh d9 truyén quang (Ki higu Ty, k) Ist 1 ke o Vi cling mt chat nén k 6 phwrong trinh (*) ciing chinh 1a k 6 phwong trinh (**) = Bhs igr = kia, 7, =10 a) L,=1,00 cmTidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye by, = 10,00 em ©) k= 1,00 mm =0,1 em 972=97,2% Bai3 [8250- Curing 46 cia dong sing sau khi di qua lép dung dich e6 fay 1 em thi gi di 50%, Hay tinh m@t d@ quang cia chinh dung dich én 6 chigu day 2 em, 3 em, 4 cm, Tirdé hay cho bigt ¥ nghia cia dinh Iuét Bouguer- Lambert Gia Ap dung dinh lugt Buoguer- Lambert ta c6: 4, Azle! =k, Bp mad ‘Vi dung dich 06 I= 1 em thi theo bai ra I = 50% ly nén: 4 Ay, =k1=1g2.3=0,903 ig24=1,204 Tir bai tap trén ta thay ring A ti lg bae nhat voi L Bai 4 [8/250-bait Curimg d6 ctia dong séng ly sau khi di qua lop dung dich c6 chiéu diy 1 em giam di 10%. Hoi cutmg d6 dong sing sé gidm xudng edn bao mhiéu khi di qua cing chinh dung dich trén nhung chigu day 1 10 om. fo 0.91, V6i l= Lem ta eb: 4, = =k, =k Voi k= 1 om ta cd: 4,=I2Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye A _k1O L Lap tisé: 2 = E10 49 5 igh a AD a 1349/, 4, IL. Bai tap vé dinh lugt Beer 1d truyén quang cia dung dich KMnO, vi néng 46 4,48 2g /mLduge do trong ceuvet e6 bé day 1,00 em 6 520 nm bing 0,309. Hay tink: a) Mat 4 quang cia dung dich véi ndng 46 gap ddi ndng 46 cua dung dich ban dau ciing do trong digu kign nhw vay?, b) Néng d@ cita dung dich c6 mat 46 quang bing 0,556 cling do trong diéu kign anhu vay Gide a) Ap dung dinh Iudt Beer: Voi dung dich ban dau: 4, =e1C, =elC Voi dung dich c6 ndng 46 gp déi ndng 46 cia dung dich dau, C, = lC. 4 ell, Lap ty sé: 22 = A=24, = 20,309 = 0,618 b) Dung dich c6 néng d6 clin tim la Cx el, Lap ty 86; 06 ygiml. A ell, Cy, 4° 0,309" IIL, Bai tp vé dinh lugt hop nhat Bouguer-Lambert-Beer Bai 613/93-bai 11 HG s6 hip thu phan tir gam cia phite Bimut (III) véi bing 9,3.10° Lem’! mol! 6.470 nm. a) Mit do quang cia dung dich phire c6 néng d6 6,2.10°M dinge do 6 cuvet 6 bé day 14 1,00 em la bao mhiéu? ) BS truyén quang cia dung dich nay Gia: a) Ap dung dinh nat Bouguer- Lambert- Beer, ta ¢6: ar yy =9,3.10.1,00.6,2.10° =0,577 tor- r b) Ap dung edng thie: 4= y= 10°" = 0,265 c) Ap dung dinh luat Bouguer- Lambert- Beer, ta 06: 7Ay 0,577 All = 6D DC 2 C= AB = Saag gg PIO Bai 7 (309: Diing cde sé ligu din ra, hy tinh céc dai long edn tréng trong bang, Madd quanga | 1% Hp tn] BE diy cia WT phan tir gam @ | em a. 0,345 2,00 4,25.107M 1,20 b 3.70.10" L715 fig mL (ki lugng mol 325) ©0176 5.20.10 2,26.10°M 4. 0,982 2,75.10" 0.98 agimk 4, 0,634 298.10" 2,00 aciieaeectti 184) Gia. a)Ap dung dinh luat Bouguer- Lambert- Beer: AnelC + ent we = 406 Liem" mol b) Déi ndng a6: 1.20.10 €=1,20 ng (ml = BS =3.69.10°M Ap dung dinh lugt Bouguer- Lambert- Beer: A= 6lC =3,70.10°1,75,3,69.10° =0,239 ¢) Tirbigu thie cia dinh gt Bouguer- Lambert- Beer, ta 6: 0,176 ae 5 20.107.2,26.10 d) Tir bigu thie cita dinh Iuat Bouguer- Lambert- Beer, ta 06: 4 al 0,982 0,98.2,75.10" 3,64.10°M=a _ 184.10" 1000Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 40.6541 96,10°M Mot hin hgp ca dicromat va pemanganat trong dung dich axit sunfurie 1 M durge phan tich bang phuong phip tric quang & 440 nm va 545 nm, dé xéc dinh dng thoi hai ion nay. Cac gia tri mat 4 quang nhin duge trong cuvet c6 bé day la 1 cm bang 0.835 va 0,653 6 timg bude sng twong ting. Bing con during déc lip neudi ta tim thy ring mat d quang trong cuvet nhur véy chita dung dich dicromat 8,33.10* M, axit sunfuric 1 M bang 0,308 M 6 440 nm va 0,009 & 545 nm. Bang cach tong ty da tim thay dung dich pemanganat 3,77.10* duge dat vao cuvet c6 bé day 1 em e6 mat 46 quang biing 0,035 6 hn hgp chua biét, Gidi: Ap dong djnh tuft Bouguer- Lambert- Beer cho cdc ding djch man, ta of Dung dich dicromat 8,33.107 M: = 369,80 370 Limol”em 833.10 109 = 2,009 210.8 Lamol en! 1.8,33.10" Dung dich pemanganat 3,77.10* M: fey = Sy! Ca, “Te,0,035, = 2085 _=92,8 Lmol ‘em! 13.77.10" Hn hop cia dicromat va pemanganat: Ap dung dinh Iuat cong tinh tao ASP A + AN 6 Coa + ONO Cys (WE =T em) Thay cic gid tri vao duge: 0,385 = $92.80, () Ait = Asa * Aiwa Fer Sona Fine Casa Thay cée gid tri vao durge: 0,653 =10,8.C,,. +2350,1.C,...(0) Giai hg g6m phuong trinh (*) va (**) ta duge: ogg =9-TBAOM “, 74.10 M Bai tap 9 (3) Trong mét céng trinh ngwdi ta thong bdo v8 phép xie dinh ding thai coban va niken dua trén su hip thy cdc phite quinolinat tuong img. Trong cue dai hip thy, cde hg s6 hap thy phan tr Dé dai song, 4 am e 365 700 %o 3529 428.9 ey 3228 0,00 ya trén cde dir kign thye nghigm da dan ra dud day hay tinh ndng 4 etia coban va niken trong eae dung dich sau: ‘Mat d6 quang (cuvet I= 1 cm) Dung dich 365 nm 700 am T 0,724 0.0710 2 0.614 0.0744 Dung dich 1 Ap dung dinh luat cng tinh: Ay = 4c, + dy, = €,1Co, +E Cy, G burée song 365 nm: 20Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 0,724 = 3529.1.Cco + 3228.10 (1) G burée sng 700 nm: 0.0710 28.9.1. Coy 2 Giai hé phuromg trinh gbm phuong trinh (1) va (2) ta durge: Ceo 1,66.104 M Dung dich 2: Ap dung dinh luat c6ng tinh: A, G bude song 365 nm 0,614 = 3529.1.Ceo+3228.1.Cy@B) Ae + Ay = Cod Cog + Ey AL G buée song 700 nm: 0,0744 = 428,9.1.Cey «4 Giai hg phurong trinh gém phuong trinh (3) va (4) ta due: Coo = 1.73.10 M C= 6.2.10 M Tinh ham long cia Pb (Il) va Bi (III) trong miu phan tich tit ede s6 ligu sau: - Miu phan tich da pha thanh 50 ml dung dich hén hop phic ctia Pb (II) va Bi (11D) véi Eta, fo mat d6 quang 6 hai bude song cia dung dich trén d& ding cuvet c6 1-3 em, = Do mat dO quang 6 hai buée s6ng va cho &, ctia cde phiie é hai bude sng mht sau: 6 4,=240 nm: ), = 0,870 8.245 =8900, ny =2800 6 4,=365 nm: Dy =1,240 2 244 =900, € 5,1. =9900 Cho Pb = 207, Bi 109. Gia Ap dung dinh tuat cong tinh: ratte! Cop cae + Ertl Ca, ne Voi 4,=240 nm 210,870 = 8900.3.Com res + 2800.3.Criraa (1) Voi 4,-365 nm: 1,240 = 900.3.Consran + 9900.3.Critan (2) Giai hé phurong trinh gbm phuong trinh (1) va (2) ta durge: ,00.10° M. 99.10 M Conran = Costas Khi fuong cia chi trong mau 1a: mop = C.V.M = 2,00.10°.0,05.207 =20,7.108 g=207 yg mgi= C.V.M = .99.10.0,05.209 =41,7.10" g= 417 ug 22Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye D. KET LUAN, fim hiéu durge vé cée dinh Iudt cer s6 cia su hap Trén day la nhiing vin dé ti thu anh sng. Nhiing vin dé cor ban dé 1a ~ Cée dinh tut eo s6 cha sy hip thy anh séng. -Nhatng dai tugmg co ban cing trong phd hip thu. -M@t s6 bai tgp minh hoa. Trong khoang théi gian ngin cing nhu do sy han ché cia ban thin nén dé tai khOng trinh nhiing sai s6t, rit mong duge sy déng gop cua thay cling nhu cde ban. TAL LIEU THAM KHAO a ‘Van Ri, Neuyén Xuan Trung-DHKHTN Ha Néi. [2] Cae phwong phap phan tich hign dai - Tap 2 - Hé Vi 2006. [3] Phan tich ly hod - Hé Viét Quy - NXBGD [4] Co sorhod hoc phan tich [5] Phan tc phuong php phan tich céng cu - Trin Ti Higu, Tir Vong Nehi, Neuyén Quy ~ NXBDHSP trie quang - Trin Tit Hid [6] Phuong phip phan tich ly hod - H8 Viét Quy, Nguyén Tinh Dung - BHSP Ha Néi. [7] Céc phurong phap phan tich quang hge trong hod hoc - Hd Viét Quy - DHSP - BHQG H6 Chi Minh, [8] Mot 6 phuong phap phan tich héa ly — Lé Thi Vinh, Nouyén Tinh Dung - DHSP - Hé Chi Minh - 1995 23Tiéu gn phi tic quang phi hod hoe Myc Lye AMG DAU B.NOI DUNG I. Nhang dinh lua co ban cia sy hap thy anh sing... 1.1 Dinh lugt Bouguer~ Lambert 11.1. Thinghigm, 1.1.2. Cong thite cua dinh lugt.... 1.1.3. NOi dung cua dinh ludt... 1.1.4, Ching minh céng thite LS. Dé thi, 1.2. Dinh Iudt Beer. 1.2.1. Thinghigm, 1.2.2. Céng thie 1 3. Noi dung cia dinh Iuét 1.2.4. Chimg minh céng thite 1.2.5. Bd thi 13, Binh lugt hgp nhit Bouguer ~ Lambert ~ Beer 13.1. Cong thite 1.3.2. Noi dung cua dinh luge 13. 1.4, Binh Iudt Ong tinh, 14.1, Thi nghigm. 1.4.2. Céng thite cla dinh Ind... 1.4.3. Noi dung ctia din Tudt.... 1.4.4, Chimg minh cong thie I. Céc dai hrong co ban diing trong phé hap thu... TLL. Mat d6 quang... IL1.2. Cong thite 11.2.2. Thit nguyen. 11.2.3. Céch do sur hip thy. 11.3. DO truyén quang.. TL3.1, Cong thire 4 10 10 10Tidu tun phan tch quang phi hod hye 1113.2. Thir nguy. TILA. He sé ip thy phan tir gam ML4.1. Cong thie 11.4.2. Thit nguyén ... 11.4.3. ¥ nghia. I1L44, Cach xée dinh hg 6 hip thy phan tir gam ILS. Bang tom ti c. BAL TAP ic dai lugng ding trong phé 1. Bai tap vé dinh luat Bouguer~ Lambert. 1, Bai tap vé din lugt Beer. IIL. Bai tp vé dinb Iudt hop nhét Bouguer ~ Lambert ~ Beer. IV. Bai tép vé dinh ludt cng tinh..... D. KET LUAN. 25,