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PHNG PHP T S TH TCH

PHNG PHP S DNG T S TH TCH

I.

Trong nhiu trng hp, vic tnh th tch ca cc khi lng tr v khi chp theo cng thc trn li gp
kh khn do khng xc nh c ng cao hay din tch y, nhng c th chuyn vic tnh th tch
cc khi ny v vic tnh th tch ca cc khi bit thng qua t s th tch ca hai khi.
1. Cng thc t s th tch: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c A SA ; B SB ; C SC ' Khi :. .

2. V d p dng
V d 1: ( Trch TSH khi D nm 2009) Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam
gic vung ti B, AB = a, AA = 2a, AC = 3a. Gi M l trung im ca on thng AC, I l giao im
ca AM v AC. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din IABC .

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Gii:
2

D dng tnh c: AC = a 5 , BC = 2a. C I l trng tm ca tam gic AAC nn IA = 3. AM

.
.

2
3

2 1

=> VI.ABC = 3 . . = 3 . . = 3 . 6 . . 2. 2 =

4
9

. 3

V d 2: (Trch TSH khi A 2007) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a,
mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng vung gc 7 vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l
trung im ca cc cnh SB, BC, CD. Tnh th tch khi t din CMNP theo a

Gii:

Ta c: =

. =

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1
4

(1)

= 2 (2)

Ly (1) nhn (2) v theo v ta c:

1
8

=> VCMNP = 1/8.VS.BCD

Gi H l trung im ca AD ta c: SH AD m (SAD) (ABCD) nn SH (ABCD). Do VS.BCD =


1/3. SH. SBCD =

3 3
12

Vy VCMNP = 1/8.

3 3
12

3 3
96

V d 3. (Trch TSH khi B 2006) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB
=SA = a, AD =a 2 SA vung gc vi y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AD v SC, gi I l giao
im ca BM v AC. Tnh th tch khi t din ANIM theo a
Gii:
Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD. Ta c I l trng tm ca tam gic ABC, do

= 3 => = 3

Nn =

. =

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1
6

(1)

Mt khc

T (1) v (2) =>

1
2

(2)
1
12
3 2

M VSACD = 1/3.SA.SACD =

6
3 2

Vy VAIMN= 1/12. VSACD =

72

V d 4. (Trch TSH khi B 2008 ) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang,gc
BAD= gc ABC = 900 , AB = BC = a, AD = 2a, SA (ABCD) v SA = 2a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung
im ca SA v SD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM theo a

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