B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG CAO NG
KINH T K THUT PH LM

GIO TRNH
THIT K MNG KHNG DY

Ging Vin: V Quc Oai

TP. H Ch Minh, Nm 2013

Gio Trnh Mng Khng Dy

Trng Cao ng Ph Lm

LI M U
1. Tm quan trng ca mng khng dy
WLAN l mt trong nhng cng ngh truyn thng khng dy c p dng cho
mng cc b, h thng mng khng dy WLAN cho php ngi dng c th truy
xut ti nguyn mng bt k ni u trong khu vc c trin khai. S ra i
ca n khc phc c nhng hn ch m mng ni dy khng th gii quyt
c, n c xem l gii php cho xu th pht trin ca cng ngh truyn thng
hin i.
Ngy nay s gia tng s lng ngi s dng my tnh xch tay, notebook hay cc
dng in thoi h tr kt ni wifi, s pht trin ca cc mng khng dy cng cng
gip ngi dng c th truy cp internet bt c u. Chng hn cc qun Cafe,
nh hng, khch sn... ngi dng c th truy cp internet min ph.
Vic thit lp h thng mng khng dy ban u ch cn t nht 1 Access piont,
vi mng LAN phi tn thm chi ph v c th gp kh khn trong trin khai h
thng nhiu ni trong to nh. Mng WLAN c th p ng tc th khi gia tng
s lng ngi dng, trong khi h thng mng LAN cn phi gn thm cp hay gn
thm thit b.
Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh, mt mng chun IEEE 802.11 ra i gip
WLAN i n s thng nht v tr thnh mng cng nghip, vi tc c ci
thin vt bc t khi ra i 1990(1Mbps) n nay (1.3Gbps), mng WLAN p
ng c nhu cu triu ti d liu cht lng cao, nn ngy cng c p dng
nhiu lnh vc nh: CNTT, Du lch, Sn xut, Lu kho, Gio dc... WLAN ang
c n nhn rng ri, vi kt ni a nng nn n mang li nhiu li ch cng nh
tnh tin li, ngy cng nhiu doanh nghip bt u s dng loi hnh mng ny
thay th cho mng LAN.
2. Kt cu v tm tt gio trnh

Chng 1: Gii thiu v mng WLAN v cc nguyn tc hot ng

chng ny ch yu tp trung vo gii thiu cc chc nng chnh ca mng WLAN,
cc u nhc im, cng nh cc nguyn tc hot ng.

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Chng 2: S lc v chun IEEE 802.11 v bo mt

Mc d mng WLAN c th s dng nhiu kiu kt ni khc nhau to thnh mt
mng ni b nhng a s s dng chun IEEE 802.11 nn phn ny gii thiu s
lc v chun IEEE 802.11v kiu bo mt ca n.
Chng 3: Thit k mng WLAN
Chng 3 s thc hin cc bng thit k, cc s trin khai h thng mng, v
cc bc thc hin ci t mng sao cho ph hp vi phm vi nghin cu c a
ra.

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MC LC
LI M U .......................................................................................................... 1
LI CM N .......................................................................................................... 3
DANH MC CC K HIU VIT TT ............................................................. 5
CHNG 1 GII THIU V MNG WLAN V CC NGUYN TC
HOT
NG ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. S lc v WLAN ............................................................................................ 6
1.2. Cc ng dng ca mng WLAN ....................................................................... 6
1.3. Li ch, hn ch khi s dng mng WLAN ...................................................... 7
1.4. Cc nguyn tc hot ng WLAN .................................................................... 9
1.5. Cc thit b trong WLAN ................................................................................ 10
1.6. Cc loi m hnh mng WLAN thng gp ................................................... 11
1.6.1. M hnh Ad-hoc .......................................................................................... 11
1.6.2. M hnh c s h tng ................................................................................. 11
1.6.3. M hnh Point to Point ................................................................................ 12
1.6.4. M hnh Point to MultiPoint ....................................................................... 12
1.7. Cc k thut pht trin mng WLAN ............................................................. 12
1.7.1. Roaming ...................................................................................................... 13
1.7.2. Repeater ...................................................................................................... 13
1.7.3. WDS ............................................................................................................ 13
CHNG 2 CHUN IEEE 802.11 V BO MT WLAN ............................. 15
2.1. Gii thiu v chun IEEE 802.11 .................................................................... 15
2.2. Kin trc v s ra i chun IEEE 802.11 ...................................................... 15
2.2.1. Chun IEEE 802.11b ................................................................................... 15
2.2.2. Chun IEEE 802.11g ................................................................................... 15
2.2.3. Chun IEEE 802.11n ................................................................................... 16
2.3 Gii thiu v kiu bo mt trong mng WLAN kiu an ton WPA/WPA2..... 16
CHNG 3 THIT K MNG WLAN ............................................................ 17

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3.1. Kho st hin trng .......................................................................................... 17

3.2. M hnh kho st ............................................................................................. 18
3.3. Thit k m hnh logic ..................................................................................... 19
3.4. Cc ci t v qun l ...................................................................................... 20
3.4.1. Router ADSL D-LINK 5268 ....................................................................... 20
3.4.2. Ci t Access Point TP-Link TL-WR740N ............................................... 30

DANH MC CC K HIU VIT TT

1. WLAN Wireless LAN
2. AP Access point
3. SSID Service Set Identification
4. WDS Wireless Distribution System
5. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
6. MAC Media Access Control
7. WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
8. WEP Weak Encryption Protocol

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Gio Trnh Mng Khng Dy

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CHNG 1 GII THIU V MNG WLAN

V CC NGUYN TC HOT NG
1.1. S lc v WLAN
WLAN l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt ni gia cc thnh phn trong
mng khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt mng thng thng, mi trng truyn
thng ca cc thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s
dng sng in t truyn thng vi nhau.
WLAN cng c xem l mt loi mng LAN, chng thc hin c tt c cc
ng dng nh trong mng LAN c dy truyn thng, ch khc ch tt c cc thng
tin gi v nhn u truyn qua khng gian do chng ta khng phi chi ph cho
lp t cp (chim ti 40% chi ph lp t mng LAN).
S ra i ca WLAN lm thay i khi nim c v mng LAN, v chng c kh
nng kt ni ngi s dng di chuyn dng my tnh xch tay, cc thit b c nhn
di ng
Ngy nay mng WLAN c s dng rng ri n c xem nh mt kt ni a
nng t cc doanh nghip, v vy th trng ca mng khng dy ngy cng pht
trin tng t nh ngnh cng nghip mng hin nay. Th trng ny c s pht
trin rt nhanh v ngy cng nhiu chun wifi mi c ra i.
1.2. Cc ng dng ca mng WLAN
Mng WLAN l k thut thay th cho mng LAN hu tuyn, n cung cp kt
ni gia mt mng xng sng v mng trong nh hoc ngi dng di ng trong
cc c quan. Sau y l cc ng dng ph bin ca WLAN thng qua sc mnh v
tnh linh hot ca mng WLAN:
Trong cc bnh vin, cc bc s cc h l trao i thng tin v bnh nhn mt
cch tc thi, hiu qu hn nh cc my tnh, notebook s dng cng ngh mng

WLAN.
Cc i kim ton t vn hoc k ton hoc cc nhm lm vic nh tng nng
sut vi kh nng ci t mng nhanh.

Cc nh qun l mng lm vic trong cc mi trng nng ng ti thiu ha

tng ph i li, b sung, v thay i vi mng WLAN, do gim bt gi thnh
s hu mng LAN.

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Cc c s o to ca cc cng ty v cc sinh vin cc trng i hc s

dng kt ni khng dy d dng truy cp thng tin, trao i thng tin, v nghin
cu.

Cc nh qun l mng nhn thy rng mng WLAN l gii php c s h tng
mng li nht lp t cc my tnh ni mng trong cc ta nh c

Nh qun l ca cc ca hng bn l s dng mng khng dy n gin

ha vic ti nh cu hnh mng thng xuyn.
Cc nhn vin vn phng chi nhnh v trin lm thng mi ti gin cc yu
cu ci t bng cch thit t mng WLAN c nh cu hnh trc khng cn cc
nh qun l mng a phng h tr.

Cc cng nhn ti kho hng s dng mng WLAN trao i thng tin n
c s d liu trung tm v tng thm nng sut ca h.

Cc nh qun l mng thc hin mng WLAN cung cp d phng cho cc

ng dng trng yu ang hot ng trn cc mng ni dy.

Cc i l dch v cho thu xe v cc nhn vin nh hng cung cp dch v

nhanh hn ti khch hng trong thi gian thc.

Cc cn b cp cao trong cc phng hi ngh cho cc quyt nh nhanh hn

v h s dng thng tin thi gian thc ngay ti bn hi ngh.

1.3. Li ch, hn ch khi s dng mng WLAN

Li ch
Cc mng WLAN em li li ch cho ngi s dng di ng v cho qu trnh trin
khai mng linh hot trong cc mng tnh ton ni ht. Khi di ng, ngi s dng
di chuyn gia cc v tr khc nhau trong mi trng mng LAN m khng lm
mt kt ni. Mt im thun li ca WLAN l kh nng linh hot trong vic cu
hnh li hoc b sung nt mi vo mng m khng phi quy hoch li mng v
khng mt chi ph cho vic ti lp t cp, v vy m lm cho vic nng cp trong
tng lai tr nn n gin v khng tn km.
Kh nng i ph vi cc thnh phn ca mt mng LAN ng c to ra bi cc
ngi s dng di ng v cc thit b tnh ton cm tay l mt yu t quan trng
khc cn xem xt n khi la chn mt mng WLAN. V th, vic s dng rng ri

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Gio Trnh Mng Khng Dy

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cc my tnh xch tay v cc thit b k thut s c nhn cm tay dn ti mc

ph thuc cng tng ln vo cc mng WLAN trong nhng nm gn y.
Mng WLAN cung cp cc hiu sut sau:

Kh nng lu ng ci thin hiu sut v dch v - Cc h thng mng

WLAN cung cp s truy cp thng tin thi gian thc ti bt c u cho ngi
dng mng trong t chc ca h. Kh nng lu ng ny h tr cc c hi
v hiu sut v dch v m mng ni dy khng th thc hin c.

n gin v tc nhanh trong ci t - Ci t h thng mng WLAN

nhanh v d dng v loi tr nhu cu ko dy qua cc tng v cc trn nh.

Linh hot trong ci t - Cng ngh khng dy cho php mng i n cc

ni m mng ni dy khng th.

Gim bt gi thnh s hu - Trong khi u t ban u ca phn cng cn

cho mng WLAN c gi thnh cao hn cc chi ph phn cng mng LAN
hu tuyn, nhng chi ph ci t ton b v gi thnh tnh theo tui th thp
hn ng k. Cc li ch v gi thnh tnh theo tui th l ng k trong mi
trng nng ng yu cu thng xuyn di chuyn, b sung, v thay i.
Tnh linh hot - Cc h thng mng WLAN c nh hnh theo cc kiu
topo khc nhau p ng cc nhu cu ca cc ng dng v cc ci t c
th. Cu hnh mng d thay i t cc mng c lp ph hp vi s nh
ngi dng n cc mng c s h tng vi hng nghn ngi s dng trong
mt vng rng ln.

Kh nng v hng:cc mng my tnh khng dy c th c cu hnh

theo cc topo khc nhau p ng cc nhu cu ng dng v lp t c th.
Cc cu hnh d dng thay i t cc mng ngang hng thch hp cho mt s
lng nh ngi s dng n cc mng c c s h tng y dnh cho
hng nghn ngi s dng m c kh nng di chuyn trn mt vng rng.
So snh u v nhc im gia mng khng dy v c dy
Bng 1. Phm vi hot ng v kh nng hot ng
Mng c dy

Mng khng dy

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u im

Nhc im

u im

Nhc im

ng dng trong tt
c cc m hnh mng
nh, trung bnh, ln,
rt ln.

Gp kh khn
nhng ni xa
xi, a hnh
phc tp, nhng
ni khng n
nh, kh ko
dy,
ng
truyn.

C th trin
khai nhng
ni
khng
thun tin v
a hnh, khng
n nh, khng
trin khai mng
c dy c

Mng WLAN
Ch yu c
trin khai trong
m hnh mng
nh v trung
bnh, vi nhng
m hnh ln
phi kt hp vi
mng c dy

C kh nng
hot ng linh
hot nhiu
mi
trng
khc nhau.

D
b
nh
hng bi cc
yu t bn
ngoi nh thi
tit, cc thit b
in t, y t.

C kh nng trnh
nhiu do ngoi cnh,
thi tit.

Bng 2.Kh nng trin khai mng, tnh linh hot, pht trin
Mng c dy

Mng khng dy

Vic lp t, trin khai mng tn nhiu

thi gian, v chi ph. Do y l h thng
mng vi cc kt ni c nh nn tnh
linh hot km, kh nng thay i, nng
cp gp nhiu kh khn.

Vic lp t trin khai d dng, n

gin v nhanh chng, kh nng linh
hot cao, c th nng cp v pht trin
h thng d dng.

Bng 3. Gi c

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Mng c dy

Mng khng dy

Gi c ph thuc vo m hnh mng,

gi thnh cc thit b tng i ph
hp vi ti tin ca cc doanh nghip,
tuy nhin gi c li cao trong qu trnh
thi cng.

Gi thnh cc thit b ngy cng

gim, tuy nhin vn cn cao hn so
vi mng c dy. Qu trnh thi cng
nhanh chng do chi ph s thi
cng s tn t hn so vi mng c
dy.

1.4. Cc nguyn tc hot ng WLAN

Mng WLAN s dng sng in t truyn thng tin t im ny sang im
khc m khng da trn bt k kt ni vt l no c th:
+ Thit b adapter khng dy (hay b chuyn tn hiu khng dy) ca my tnh
chuyn i d liu sang tn hiu v tuyn v pht nhng tn hiu ny i bng mt
ngten sau thit b router khng dy nhn nhng tn hiu ny v gii m chng
v gi thng tin ti Internet thng qua kt ni hu tuyn Ethernet.
+ Cc tn hiu truyn c chng ln trong sng mang v tuyn n nhn li ng
my thu.
Cc ngi dng u cui truy cp mng WLAN thng qua cc card giao tip mng
WLAN c gn vo my tnh hay cc thit b di ng c h tr WLAN.
Cc my tnh c gn card giao tip khng dy c th thit lp mt mng c lp
bt c khi no m chng nm trong phm vi ca nhau.
Trong mng WLAN mt thit b thu pht c gi l im truy cp AP (Access
point) im truy cp ny c ni n mng ni dy t mt v tr c nh s dng
cp Ethernet chun, im truy cp ng vi tr nh mt thit b chuyn tip.
m rng giao tip gia cc my chng ta phi s dng mt im truy cp, im
truy cp c th gip m rng khong cch kt ni gia cc thit b ln gp 2 ln so
vi kt ni trc tip gia 2 my.
Cc im truy cp c mt phm vi kt ni gia cc thit b mt cch hu hn,
trong phm vi ln nh trng hc, c quan s cn lp nhiu im truy cp hn.

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