HngdncuhnhrouterCisco

Trongbinychngticungcpchoccbnmttiliumangtnhchttracuvthamkhovviccuhnhrouter
cisco.

1.Giithiu
CmtviphngphpcthcuhnhccroutercaCisco.CthcthchintrnmngtmtmychTFTP,c
ththchinthngquagiaodinmenuccungcpkhikhinghaycthcthchintgiaodinmenuc
cungcpbisdnglnhsetup.Tuynhinhngdntrongbiskhnggiithiuccphngphpny.Nchgiithiu
viccuhnhtgiaodindnglnhIOS.Tuynhinhngdnsrthudngivibtcaicnllmviccrouter
caIOSvnhngnginghincuCCNA.
Lurngtronghngdnnyskhnggiithiunvicktnivtltrouternmngmnslmnhimvnh
tuynmchgiithiucuhnhhiuhnh.
Ldochovicsdngdnglnh
Ldochnhchovicsdnggiaodindnglnhthayvmtgiaodiniukhinthngquamenuchophpthchin
nhanhhnlkhibnutthigianvovicnghincucclnh,bncththchinnhiuhotngnhanhhnnhiu
sovivicsdngmenu.iunytoralithcavicsdngdnglnhsoviccgiaodinmenu.Cncnhngiu
lmchontrlncbithiuqukhinghincugiaodindnglnhcaCiscoIOSrngnlmtchunchottccc
routercaCisco.ThmvonalmtscuhitrongbikimtravCCNAyucubnbitvcclnhny.
2.BtuviCisco
Btubncthcuhnhroutercamnhtmtthitbucui.Nurouterccuhnhvctithiumtcng
ccuhnhvimtachIPnothnscmtktnivtlvimng,tbncthtelnetnroutervcu
hnhntrnmng.Nunchaccuhnhthbncnphiktnitrctiproutervimtthitbucuivcpni
tip.ViccmytnhWindows,bncthsdngHyperterminalktnimtcchddngnrouter.Cmcpni
tipvocngCOMtrnmytnhvucnlicmvocngtrnrouter.KhichyHyperterminal,chuynticngCOM
mbnsdngvkchOK.Thitlptcktnil9600baudvkchOK.Nurouterchacbtngun,hybt
nguncpchon.
NubnmuncuhnhroutertmytnhLinux,cnphicSeyonhocMinicom,thtithiumttrongschng,cth
lchaisikmbnphnphiLinuxcabn.
ThngthngbncnphinhtphmEnterthycnhcnhtpharouter.Nunchaccuhnhthnhngg
bnthysnhdiy:
Router>
Nunccuhnhttrcvimthostname,khibnsthy:
hostname of router>
Nubnvamibtrouter,saukhikhingnsyucubnxemcmunbtucuhnhtuhaykhng.Hyt

chitrli.Nubnngthnsabnngiaodinmenu.Chnhvvyhychnn.
Ccch
GiaodindnglnhcaCiscoIOSctchctheotngccch(mode).Bnchuynvovramtvich
khcnhautrongkhicuhnhrouter,chnobnnmtrongsquytnhnhnglnhnobncthsdng.Mi
mtchcmttpcclnhhinhuchon,mtscclnhchcsntrongchno.Trongbtcchno,
vicnahsmtduhichmshinthmtdanhschcclnhhinhutrongch.
Router>?
Ccchcquynvkhngcquyn
Khibnlnutinktninroutervcungcpmtkhu(nucnthit),bnsvochEXEC,chutinm
bncthsdngcclnhtdnglnh.Ty,bncthsdngcclnhkhngcquynnhping,telnet,and
rlogin.Cthsdnglnhshowthuvccthngtinhthng.Trongchcquyn,bncthsdnglnhshow
versionhinthphinbncaIOSmrouterangchy.nhshow?shinthttccclnhshowhinhutrong
chmbnanghindin.
Router>show ?
Bnphivochcquyncuhnhchoroutercamnh.Thchiniubngcchsdnglnhenable.Ch
cquynthngcbovmtkhutrkhirouterchaccuhnh.Bncthchnchcquynkhng
bovmtkhutuynhinttcunntmtkhuanton.Khiphtlnhenablevcungcpmtkhu,bnsvo
chcquyn.
gipngidngtheodicchnohangtrong,nhclnhcadnglnhsthayimikhibnvomt
chkhc.Khibnchuyntchkhngcquynsangchcquyn,nhcnhsthayit:
Router>
Thnh
Router#
iunyskhngcnthitnuchchaich.Tuynhintrongthct,vinhiuchnntnhnngnyrtcnthit.
Bncngcnchnnhcnhmilc.
Bntrongchcquynlicnhiuchnh.Khibnvochcquyn(haycthgilchchaparent),
nhcnhsktthcbngdu(#).Cnhiuchmbnchcthvosaukhivocchcquyn.Mimt
trongccchnyucnhcnhnhmudiy:
Router(arguments)#
Chngvnktthcbngdu(#)vcgpvotrongchcquyn.Nhiuchcccchcontrongbnthn
n.Khibanvochcquyn,bncthtruycpvottcccthngtincuhnhcngnhcctychnmIOS
cungcp,trctiptchchahaytmttrongccchconcan.
3.CuhnhrouterCisco
Nubnvavibtrouter,nshontonchaccuhnh.Nunccuhnh,bncthxemccuhnh

hinhnhcan.Thmchnunchaccuhnhttrcthbncngcthtkhaithcbnglnhshowtrckhi
btucuhnhrouter.Vochcquynbngcchphtlnhenable,sauphtmtvilnhshowxemnhng
gchnghinth.Nhrng,lnhshow?shinthttccclnhshowhinhutrongchhinhnh.Hythvicc
lnhduiy:
Router#show
Router#show
Router#show
Router#show

interfaces
ip protocols
ip route
ip arp

Khivochcquynbngcchsdnglnhenable,khibnsnmtrongchtoplevelcachcquyn,
cbittrongtiliunylchchaparent.Nlchmbncthhinthhuhtccthngtinvrouter.
Nhnhnggbnbit,bncththchiniuvicclnhshow.ybncthbitcvcuhnhcagiao
din.CthhinthccgiaothcIPangcsdnglg,chnghnnhccgiaothcnhtuynng.Bncth
xemtuynvbnnhtuynARPvmtscctychnquantrngkhc.
Khicuhnhrouter,bnsvotrongmtschconthitlpcctychn,sautrvchchahinthcc
ktqu.Bncngtrvchchavoccchconkhc.trvchcha,bnchcnnhnctrlz.Thaotc
nyslmcclnhmbnvaphtrachiulcvabntrvchcha.
Cuhnhtoncc
cuhnhbtctnhnngnocarouter,bnphivochcuhnh.ylchconutincachcha.
Trongchcha,bnphtlnhconfig.
Router#config
Router(config)#
Nhminhchngtrn,nhcnhsthayichthrngbnangtrongchnolcny.
Trongchcuhnh,bncththitlpcctychnsdngchotonhthng,cmchnhlcccuhnh
mangtnhtoncc.Chovd,ttnchorouterbncthddngnhnran.Bncththchiniutrongch
cuhnhvilnhhostname.
Router(config)#hostname ExampleName
ExampleName(config)#
Nhminhchngtrn,khibnthitlptncahostvilnhhostname,nhcnhsngaylptcthayibngcchthay
thRouterthnhExampleName.(Lu:nnttnchoccroutercabntheomtlctnctchc).
MtlnhhudngkhccphttchcuhnhllnhchnhmychDNSnhmsdngchorouter:
ExampleName(config)#ip name-server aa.bb.cc.dd
ExampleName(config)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#
ycnglnibnthitlpmtkhuchochcquyn.
ExampleName(config)#enable secret examplepassword
ExampleName(config)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#
ChotikhibnnhnctrlZ(hocnhexitchotikhibnvocchcha)lnhcabnmikhngbnhhng.Bn
cthvochcuhnh,phtmtvilnhkhcnhau,saunhnctrlZkchhotchng.MilnbnnhnctrlZ,

bnstrvchchavnhc:
ExampleName#
ybnsdnglnhshowthmnhccktqucacclnhmmnhphttrongchcuhnh.thm
nhccktqucalnhipnameserver,phtlnhshowhost.
Cuhnhgiaodin
VicttngiaodinCiscortngin.Ccgiaodinringbitcdnnbithtcny:
media type slot#/port#
"Mediatype"lkiuthitbcgiaodinlcng,chnghnnhEthernet,TokenRing,FDDI,nitip,Skhechthch
hpviccroutercungcpskhebncthcitccmodul.Ccmodulgmcmtvicngchothitbcho.
Serie7200lmtvd.Ccmodulnycththaynng.Bncthremovemtmodulnorakhikhecanvthay
thnbngmtmodulkhcmkhngcnphingtdchvccpbiccmodulkhccittrongrouter.Cckhe
nycnhstrnrouter.
Scngdavocngthamchiuvicccngkhctrongmodul.Vicnhsctinhnhttrisangphivtt
cubtuts0,khngphimtchs.
Chovd,Cisco7206lrouterserie7200c6khe.mchchomtgiaodinlcngthbacamtmodulEthernet
ccittrongkhethsu,nslgiaodin6/2.Chnhvvy,hinthcuhnhcagiaodin,bncnsdng
lnh:
ExampleName#show interface ethernet 6/2
Nuroutercabnkhngccckhe,gingnh1600,thtngiaodinchgmc:
media type port#
Chovd:
ExampleName#show interface serial 0
ylmtvdvviccuhnhmtcngnitipvimtachIP:
ExampleName#config
ExampleName(config)#interface serial 1/1
ExampleName(config-if)#ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0
ExampleName(config-if)#no shutdown
ExampleName(config-if)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#
Sauthmnhcuhnh:
ExampleName#show interface serial 1/1
Luvlnhnoshutdown.Mtgiaodincthccuhnhngvktnivtlnhngvngpphivn.Trong
trngthinynskhnghotng.Lnhgyralinylshutdown.
ExampleName(config)#interface serial 1/1

ExampleName(config-if)#shutdown
ExampleName(config-if)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#show interface serial 1/1
TrongCiscoIOS,cchohocxaccktquchobtclnhnoltnovongtrcn.Chovd,nubn
munhygnachIPmgnchogiaodinnitip1/1:
ExampleName(config)#interface serail 1/1
ExampleName(config-if)#no ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0
ExampleName(config-if)ctrl-Z
ExampleName#show interface serial 1/1
ViccuhnhhuhtccgiaodinchoccktniLANcthchgmvicgnmtachlpmngvbomrng
giaodinkhngbshutdown.Thngkhngcnthitphiquynhsgignlplinktdliu.Lurngthngcn
phiquynhsgignlplinktdliutngthch,chnghnnhframerelayvATM.Ccgiaodinnitipmc
nhphisdngHDLC.Tuynhinvictholunsuvccgiaothclinktdliulinmngoiphmvicatiliu
ny.BnscnphitraculnhIOSencapsulationcthmthngtinchitit.
Cuhnhvnhtuyn
VicnhtuynIPckchhotmtcchhontontngtrnccrouterCisco.Nunbvhiuhattrctrn
routercabnthbncthkchhotntrlitrongchcuhnhbnglnhiprouting.
ExampleName(config)#ip routing
ExampleName(config)#ctrl-Z
Chaicchchnhmtrouterbitcningiccgi.Quntrvincthgncctuyntnhstaticrouteshocrouter
cthbitvcctuynbngcchsdnggiaothcnhtuynngdynamicroutingprotocol.
Ngynay,phngphpnhtuyntnhnhnchungthngcsdngtrongccmngrtnginhoctrongnhng
trnghpmbtbuccnphisdngnchng.tomttuyntnh,quntrvinchcnlnhchohiu
hnhbtclulngmngnocdtrchoachlpmngcthnocnphicchuyntipnmta
chlpmngcthnhvy.TrongCiscoIOS,iunycthchinvilnhiproute.
ExampleName#config
ExampleName(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.150.1
ExampleName(config)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#show ip route
Chaithcnphinitrongvdny.utinlachchphichasubnetmaskchomngch.Thhai,a
chngichuyntipnlachcchnhcaroutertiptheocngvingdnnch.ylcchchung
nhtchovicthitlpmttuyntnh.Mcdvyvncncmtsphngphpkhc.
Ccgiaothcnhtuynng,chytrnccroutercktni,chophpccrouternychiasccthngtinnhtuyn.
iuchophpccrouterbitccctuynnocsnivichng.uimcaphngphpnylccrouterc
thiuchnhthayitopomng.Numttuynvtlnobgbhocrouterbncnhslinkgptrctrc
thgiaothcnhtuynstmkimtuynmi.Giaothcnhtuyncthchnnggiacctuyncthdatrncc
binnhstcnghnmnghaykhnngtincycamng.
Cnhiugiaothcnhtuynkhcnhau,ttcchngusdngccbinkhcnhauquytnhtrncctuynthch
hp.Tuynhin,mtroutercnphichycngccgiaothcnhtuynnhccrouterlinkcan.Mcdvynhiu
routercthchynhiugiaothc.Thmvocngcnhiugiaothccthitkcthchuynquaccthngtin
nhtuynncccgiaothcnhtuynkhc.iunycgilsphnphili.ychngtichgiithiumt

lnhIOSredistributebncthnghincunucnthit.
Ccgiaothcnhtuynlmtchphctpvtiliunychgmnhngphnmtbngoicachng.Bncth
tmhiuthmtnhiunguntinguynkhc,mtngunltngmchngtigiithiuchoccbnyvchny
lvowebsitecaCisco,http://www.cisco.com.
TiliunymiutcccuhnhRoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)trnccrouterCisco.Tdnglnh,chngtaphilnh
choroutervgiaothcnonsdngvnhngmngggiaothcsnhtuyncho.
ExampleName#config
ExampleName(config)#router rip
ExampleName(config-router)#network aa.bb.cc.dd
ExampleName(config-router)#network ee.ff.gg.hh
ExampleName(config-router)#ctrl-Z
ExampleName#show ip protocols
Lcny,khiphtlnhshowipprotocols,bnsthymtentrymiutvcuhnhRIP.
Lucuhnhrouter
Khibncuhnhvicnhtuyntrnrouter,cuhnhccgiaodinringvroutercabnckhnngnhtuyn
lulng.Hychophpntraoiviccmngxungquanh,sauphtlnhshowiproutevshowiparp.Cccentry
trongbngbittgiaothcnhtuyn.
Nuttroutervbtntrli,bnsphibtuviccuhnhlilnna.Cuhnhangchycabnkhngclu
vobtckholutrvnhcuno.Bncththyccuhnhnybnglnhshowrunningconfig.
ExampleName#show running-config
Numunlucuhnhangchythnhcng,bnhyphtlnhcopyrunningconfigstartupconfig.
ExampleName#copy running-config startup-config
CuhnhcabnlcnyscluvononvolatileRAM(NVRAM).Phtlnhshowstartupconfig.
ExampleName#show startup-config
Lcnybtckhinobncnaroutercamnhvcuhnh,hyphtlnhcopystartupconfigrunningconfig.
ExampleName#copy startup-config running-config
Cuhnhvd
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Router>enable
Router#config
Router(config)#hostnameN1157206
N1157206(config)#interfaceserial1/1
N1157206(configif)ipaddress192.168.155.2255.255.255.0
N1157206(configif)noshutdown
N1157206(configif)ctrlz
N1157206#showinterfaceserial1/1
N1157206#config

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N1157206(config)#interfaceethernet2/3
N1157206(configif)#ipaddress192.168.150.90255.255.255.0
N1157206(configif)#noshutdown
N1157206(configif)#ctrlz
N1157206#showinterfaceethernet2/3
N1157206#config
N1157206(config)#routerrip
N1157206(configrouter)#network192.168.155.0
N1157206(configrouter)#network192.168.150.0
N1157206(configrouter)#ctrlz
N1157206#showipprotocols
N1157206#ping192.168.150.1
N1157206#config
N1157206(config)#ipnameserver172.16.0.10
N1157206(config)#ctrlz
N1157206#pingarchie.au
N1157206#config
N1157206(config)#enablesecretpassword
N1157206(config)#ctrlz
N1157206#copyrunningconfigstartupconfig
N1157206#exit

4.KhcphcscrouterCisco
Chchntrongqutrnhsdngsnyraccvn.Thngnllimngidngthyrnghkhngthnc
mtchno,hocttcccch.Bncnphibitcchkimtracchrouterangcgngnhtuynlulngv
phickhnngkimtravphthinimli.
Chonybnthmthinvicclnhshow,chailnhcthvcchhcnhngglnhshowhinc.Mtscc
lnhcbnvhudngnhtmbncthsdngchovickhcphcscl:
ExampleName#show
ExampleName#show
ExampleName#show
ExampleName#show

interfaces
ip protocols
ip route
ip arp

Kimtraktni
Rtcthrngimlikhngnmtrongcuhnhcarouterhockhnglinquannroutercabntno.Nubn
kimtracuhnhcaroutervhotngcngnhmithuttthvncthnmngtruyn.
Mtcngcchunonnginvhudngchnhllnhping.PinglmtthcthicaIPMessageControlProtocol
(ICMP).LnhnysgiimtyucuICMPechonachIPch.Nuchnhncyucuthnptrlibng
mtgiphcpICMPecho.Tnhiuthaythchocccuithoinh:
Xincho,bnckhng?
Vng,tiy.
ExampleName#ping xx.xx.xx.xx
Nusaukhipingthnhcng,bnsbitcrngchnmbnangmuntruycphinangtntivcthkt
nin.