DPR 111011035723 Phpapp02

Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district.
Andhra Pradesh
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................8
PROJECT AT A GLANCE .................................................................................. 13
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3
3.1
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................15

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 15
POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA .......................................................................................................... 16
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 22
DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPUR
DISTRICT ............................................................................................ 25
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 25
AREA AND POPULATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT ................................................................... 25
RAINFALL AND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 26
TEMPERATURE.............................................................................................................................. 26
PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION.................................................................................................. 27
LAND REQUIREMENT AND LAYOUT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .............................................. 29
LAND AVAILABILITY AND ACQUISITION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................................... 30
RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE
PROJECT ACTIVITY .............................................................................31
SIMULATION REPORT OF THE POWER PLANT ............................................................................. 33
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ..............................................................37
EXISTING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................. 37
THIN FILM MODULES ................................................................................................................... 38
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE, THIN FILM AND CPV.................................................. 38
TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................... 38
CONCLUSION ON SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ......................................................................... 39
POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................40
DESIGN AND SIMULATION PROJECTIONS BY PVSYST ............................................................ 40
PV POWER PLANT ENERGY PRODUCTION ................................................................................. 41
PV POWER PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR ......................................................................................... 41
SELECTION OF INVERTER AND COMPONENTS ........................................................................... 42
SELECTION OF MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 42
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CABLES AND JUNCTION BOXES AND ................................................... 43
DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER PLANT ............44
SOLAR PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 45
CENTRAL INVERTORS .................................................................................................................. 45
MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 47
GRID CONNECTED EQUIPMENTS ................................................................................................. 48
MONITORING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 48
CABLES AND CONNECTORS......................................................................................................... 49
BUILDINGS HOUSING FOR ELECTRONICS (POWER HOUSE) ..................................................... 50
OTHER FACILITIES INCLUDING WATER ...................................................................................... 51
SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT .............................52
POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID ........................58
8.1
POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 58
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
TRANSFORMERS........................................................................................................................... 59
HT, LV & 11KV METERING PANEL .......................................................................................... 60
CABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 61
LT POWER CABLES ..................................................................................................................... 61
CONTROL CABLES ........................................................................................................................ 61
POWER EVACUATION CABLE ...................................................................................................... 62
GRID SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME............................................................................................ 62
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ...............................63
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
DC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT ................................................................................................. 63

AC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT .................................................................................................. 63
MODE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................. 64
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 65
SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 65
MAINTENANCE OF O & M MANUALS.......................................................................................... 66
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE PLANT ................................................. 66
TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 67
10
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ...............68
11
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE POWER PLANT 70
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
12
TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 71
PLANT OPERATION ORGANIZATION CHART .............................................................................. 72
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................... 73
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 73
FINALIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENTS AND CONTRACTS ............................................................ 73
PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION......................................................................................... 74
ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE .................................................................................. 75
PROJECT COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ........................76
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
PLANT OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 77

SALABLE ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................................ 78
SALE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY...................................................................................................... 78
SALE PRICE OF CARBON CREDITS .............................................................................................. 78
LIST OF TABLES:
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
1-1: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan ___________________17

1-2: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010 _______________________17
1-3: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________18
1-4: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission) __________18
1-5: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 ________________________18
1-6: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW) __________________19
1-7: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan ________19
1-8: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010 ____________20
1-9: Actual Power Supply Position _______________________________________________20
1-10: Projects planned for 11th Plan _____________________________________________20
1-11: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12 _______________________21
1-12: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan __________________________________21
1-13: Peak & Energy Table ______________________________________________________21
3-1: Temperature details considered for design: ________________________________32
7-1: Bill of materials _____________________________________________________________52
7-2: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC __________________53
7-3: Specifications of module mounting structure _______________________________53
7-4: Cables speficification _______________________________________________________54
7-5: Invertors specification ______________________________________________________54
7-6: Transformer specification at 33 kV side ____________________________________55
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
7-7: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV _________________56

7-8: Monitoring system specification ____________________________________________57
12-1: Project Cost Estimate _____________________________________________________76
12-2: Assumptions supporting financial projections _____________________________80
12-3: Estimation of Depreciation ________________________________________________82
12-4: Projected Profitability,Balance Sheet,CF, IRR ands WC ____________________84
12-5: Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) ______________________________88
List of Figures:
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
1:
2:
3:
4:
Location map of Anatapur district in India: ............................................................. 28

Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur ......................................... 28
Typical module mounting structure: .......................................................................... 47
Grid-Connect equipments ............................................................................................... 48
Annexure
1
Project site Photographs
Land ownership details of the proposed project
Contour map of the project site
Schematic diagram showing 5MWp Solar PV Plant Layout
Schematic of Control Room Layout
Schematic of earthing layout
Power Evacuation Scheme 5MWp to 33/132 kV substation
Incorporation certificate of Saisudhir Energy Limited
Memorandum and Articles of Association of Saisudhir Energy Limited
ABBREVIATIONS
General
AB
ACB
AC
Air Breaker
Air Circuit Breaker
Alternate current
ACSR
Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced
BOS
Balance of the System
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
CIS
Copper Indium Selenium
CT
Current Transformer
DAS
Data Acquisition System
DC
Direct Current
DP
Double Pole
DPR
APTRANSCO
Detailed Project Report

Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation
HT
High Tension
LT
Low Tension
LV
Low Voltage
MNRE
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
kWh
Kilo Watt Hour
NO2
Nitrous Oxide
MCB
Main Combiner Box / Miniature Circuit

Breaker
MFM
Multi Function Meters
PLF
Plant Load Factor
PFC
Power Finance Corporation
PPA
Power Purchase Agreement
PV
Photo Voltaic
PT
Power Transformer
SEB
State Electricity Board
SO2
Sulphur Dioxide
SP
Single Pole
VCB
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
XLPE
Cross Linked Polyethylene
Units
Percentage
Degree Centigrade
Hour
Ha
Hectare
Kg
Kilogram
kV
Kilo-Volt
kW
kilo Watt
kWe
kilo Watt electrical
kWp
kilo Watt peak
Lt
Liter
Meter
m2
Square meter
m3
Cubic meter
Mg
milli gram
Mm
milli meter
MW
Mega Watt
MWe
Mega Watt electrical
Tons
Tons
INTRODUCTION
As the world broadens its portfolio of power options to meet growing energy
demands and increasingly stringent environmental concerns, solar power is
emerging as an attractive option. Of all the routes for conversion of solar into
useful energy, direct conversion of sunlight to electricity through solar
photovoltaic
technology
is
well
accepted.
Solar
photovoltaic
has
been
recognized as an important route for generation of substantial quantities of grid

quality power by utilizing the light energy of solar radiation.
SAISUDHIR
Energy
Limited
(SSEL)
group
company
of
SAISUDHIR
Infrastructures Limited is intent to develop solar photovoltaic power plant of

(SPV) power project at Veerapuram village of Anatapur district, in the State of
Andhra Pradesh.
SSEL intend to setup grid interactive solar power project based on Copper
Indium Selenium (CIS) modules also called as thin film modules. The project
activity is to install grid connected 5 MW solar power project. The full power
rating of the solar power plant shall be 5.0 +5% and -0% MW DC at standard
test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/sq meter sunlight and 25 degree centigrade.
The project is selected to install CIS modules which comply with IEC 61646 for
quality and IEC 61730 safety standards.
The project site proposed is in Veerapura village of Anatapur district in Andhra

Pradesh. The total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The
company already acquired the land required for the project.
The project envisages an investment of approx. Rs 650 million for the

installation of 5 MW solar power plant which would provide quantity power with
a power purchase price signed with NTPC's Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd or NVVN
which is the designated Nodal Agency under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission (JNNSM) for procuring the solar power by entering into a Power
Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Solar Power Generation Project Developers. In
addition, the Power Project would generate direct and indirect employment
opportunities; create of civic facilities for establishment of ancillary industries.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.
The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 612 kW,
which is much lower than that of the developed countries like USA,
Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise
sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. Energy
is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in
industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional
energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to
meet
the
ever
increasing
demand
for
energy
and
to
address
environmental concerns.
2.
Thus, the present scenario needs for addition of major renewable energy
sources of energy for overall economic development of the country.
3.
Solar
Photovoltaic
Power plant operates on the principle of
the
photoelectric phenomenon - direct conversion of light to electricity. The

solar radiation incident upon a silicon-based semiconductor photovoltaic
cell produces direct electric current.
4.
Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V;

the electrically interconnected modules form solar systems with an output
voltage of 230 V.
5.
Saisudhir Energy Limited (SSEL) is an SAISUDHIR Infrastructures group

company. Saisudhir Infrastructures Limited is one of the fastest growing
ISO 9000 infrastructure companies having nationwide network for its
8
Construction
services
in
the
field
of
Water,
Power,
Buildings
Infrastructures, Solid Waste Management and Irrigation etc.,
6.
SAISUDHIR builds the high-voltage electric transmission system that

helps to keep the lights on, business running and communities strong.
The company has played a major role in the complete preparation,
analysis, design, construction management and inspection of energy
structures, high voltage transmission lines and distribution systems
across the country.
7.
SAISUDHIR has an in-house capability for designing Transmission Line

Towers & Switchyard Structures.
8.
SAISUDHIR energy proposed to install a 5 MW Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)

power plant under phase I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM) of new grid connected projects. The generated electricity will be
sold to NVVN with a long term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The
company has already entered into a PPA agreement with NVVN.
9.
This report highlights the details of the proposed power generation

scheme, site facilities, solar radiation in the proposed site location and
water, evacuation of generated power, features of main plant and
equipment
including
the
inverter
system,
electrical
systems,
environmental aspects, estimate of capital cost and the financial analysis

and the schedule for project implementation.
10.
The proposed 5 MW power plant would require about 25 acres of land.

The company already acquired the land required for the project.
9
11.
The plant is designed with an availability factor of 100%. The plant will
generate about 9.63 million units per year at the module array terminals,
after the losses in the system about 9.32 million units will be available at
the grid terminals which will amount to a plant load factor of about
21.28 %. The project site was selected on the basis of:
Availability of good solar insulation
Availability of uninhabited land at a reasonable cost
Availability of stable grid near to the project site
High Power Demand in the State
Availability of good infrastructural facility including road and rail

connection
12.
The power generated at 11kV from the power plant will be stepped-up to
33 kV level and connected to APPCL sub-station at Raydurg, which is
about 10 km from the project site. The total power produced is envisaged
as 9.63 million units at the PV array. After the losses the net available
energy for supplying to the grid is about 9.32 million units. Thus, the net
salable electricity to the grid works out to 9.32 million units. The plant is
envisaged to operate 365 days at a plant load factor (PLF) of 21.28%.
The transmission line required from the SSEL 5 MW plant site to the
substation will be laid by the project promoters.
13.
The power plant will comprise of IEC 61646 modules of CIS thin film
modules with aluminum frame of 41,600 nos , which will work out to 5
MW +5% and -0% for accounting the DC losses (each module of 130 Wp
capacity), 5200 nos of PV system mounting structures (strings) made out
10
of MS galvanized steel with 8 module structure, fixed tilt type, 80 nos of

array junction boxes, Power conditioning unit (inverter) 10 nos of 500
kVA, 1.25 MVA transformer 5 nos, 6.5 MVA transformer 1 no for
interfacing with grid, LT and HT Panel and protection and metering,
cables and earthing system set.
14.
The net energy sales from the plant workout 9.32 million units. The
entire energy will be sold to NVVN through APTransco grid. The financial
analysis is made with a levelised power purchase price of Rs. 12.00 /
kWh.
15.
The total cost of generation includes the insurance cost, repairs and
maintenance, cost of administration, salaries and wages, cost of utilities.
16.
The total installed project cost including civil, mechanical and electrical,
preoperative expenses and the contingency works out to Rs 650 million.
17.
The solar power plant reduces contribution to atmospheric carbon-dioxide vis--vis fossil fuel generation. The project helps solar radiation
into useful electricity, adding to the sustainability of the project and the
local environment. Thus, the project meets the UNFCCC norms set to
qualify for obtaining CDM benefits. The project is envisaged to register
with UNFCCC for availing the CDM benefits.
18.
The term loan requirement from the financial institution works out to
455.00 (70% of the project cost) million. It is assumed that the term
loan will be repaid in 13 years in quarterly installments, with an initial
11
moratorium period of 1 year. The equity from SSIL will be Rs 195.00

million. The interest rate for the term loan is considered as 11.50 %.
19.
The depreciation computed is on straight line basis.
20.
Income tax at the rate of 32.45% % is considered in the financial

analysis. The benefits available under Section 80 IA, for power projects
have been taken into consideration in the financial analysis while
calculating the income tax liability. The post tax Project Internal Rate of
Return (IRR) works out to 13.63% and Post tax Equity IRR works out to
18.89%.
21.
The project also generates Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

revenue with reduction at 1% in the subsequent years. If we consider the
revenue from sale of carbon credits with a minimum price of 12 per
CER, the project generates additional revenue of about INR 7.5 million,
which will add to the profitability of the project.
22.
Minimum Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) will work out to
1.35 and average DSCR will work out to 1.65.
12
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
1
Project Authority
SAISUDHIR Energy Limited
Project Installed Capacity
Selected Location
Nearest Major Towns
Anantapur
Seismic Zone
Zone-4 as per IS 1893-1984.
Access by Bus
Well Connected, buses are Operated by

Andhrapradesh State Road Transport
Corporation (APSRTC)
Nearest Airport
Bangalore International Airport (BIAL)
Access by Rail
Solar module type
5 MW +5% and 0% Solar Photovoltaic

Power Plant
T.Veerapuram
Village,
Anantapur
District.
Anantapur Railway Station is on the

Bangalore-Hydrabad line.
Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film
modules
10
Capacity of each module
130 Wp
11
No. of modules
41,600 Nos
12
PV System Mounting Structure type
MS Galvanised(> 70 micron)
13
Module mounting structure type
8 Module mounting structure
14
No. of module mounting structures
5,200 Nos.
15
No. of Array junction boxes
80 Nos.
16
Power conditioning Unit (Invertor)

capacity
500 kVA
17
Power conditioning Unit specifications
Input voltage range 450-900V
18
No. of invertors
10 Nos.
19
Invertors make
AEG or equivalent
20
1.25 MVA Transformer
5 Nos
21
6.5 MVA Transformer
1 No.
13
22
LT Panel with protection & metering
5 Nos.
23
LT Panel with protection & metering
2 Nos
24
Cables and earthing systems
1 set
25
Gross Power Generation (kW)
5000 +5% and -0%
27
Net exportable power at 33 kV to

nearest grid substation(kW)
9.32 million units
28
Power Purchase tariff with NVVN in `
12.00
29
Plant Load Factor
21.28%
30
Total Project cost (Rs. In millions)
650
31
32
33
Preliminary
and
pre-operative
30.00
expenses (Rs. In millions)
Equity from Promoters
195.00
(Rs. In millions)
Term loan from Financial Institutions
455.00
(Rs in millions)
34
Interest on term loan
11.50%
35
Project IRR (post tax)
13.63 %
36
Equity IRR (post tax)
18.89 %
37
Plant Commissioning Date
Dec 2011
38
Land requirement
Module area
39
Land Development
25 Acres
51,089 m2
The entire station will be laid at a
uniform level.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
40
Power Evacuation
Through 33/132kV Transmission lines

Raydurg substation located 10km from
project site.
OTHER FACILITIES
41
Mode of Implementation
42
Project Time Frame
Through EPC (Engineering, Procurement

and Construction) or thru split contracts.
Twelve (12) months from the date of
signing PPA with NVVN
PROJECT COST
43
Project Cost
Present day cost including, financing

charges and margin money.
Rs.650 million.
14
1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT

1.1 Introduction
India with 17 percent of the world population and just 0.8 per cent of the
worlds known oil and natural gas resources is going to face serious energy
challenges
in
the
coming
decades.
Besides
energy
independence,
the
devastating impact of climate change has become an issue of critical

importance. Energy production using fossil fuels is the major contributor to
greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, transition to a low-carbon energy economy is
the real solution for mitigating the impact of climate change.
India has huge potential for producing electricity from renewable sources. The
achievement so far is about 17,222 (as on 31.03.2010) MW, as against global
installed capacity of approximately 2,00,000 MW of renewable electricity
generation. While Indias achievement is commendable, it is necessary for us to
keep pace with the fast growth in developed countries.
There are three imperatives that necessitate a transition to a sustainable energy

system in the 21st century: They are Climate change and its potentially
disastrous consequences. Peaking of production, depletion and extinction of
fossil fuels and Energy Autonomy and Independence.
The single biggest reason for global warming is the burning of fossil fuels. So
the solution lies in effecting an accelerated transition to a low carbon energy
economy,
which means
large scale development of
renewable
energy.
Fortunately there are several emerging technologies that will facilitate this.
15
Peaking of production of all fossil fuels (viz. oil, gas and coal) in the next two
decades and gradual extinction of these resources is an accepted scientific fact.
Even assuming that they would be available, India, which is already dependent
on their import, would become more and more import dependent. The financial
implications of large scale imports would destroy our economy and necessitate
strategies to move towards energy autonomy or independence.
The conversion of solar energy to electricity displaces an equivalent amount of
grid power, which would otherwise be produced by grid connected fossil fuel
dominated power plants. Grid power is comprised of a large share of fossil fuel
based generation systems.
1.2 Power Scenario in India

As per Section73(a) of the Indian Electricity Act-2003, CEA has been carrying
out periodic electric power survey to project state-wise and region-wise power
plans together with assessment of peaking power and energy surpluses /
deficits. The estimate prepared by the CEA is revised and updated from time to
time taking into account the actual growth rates achieved. The Reports and
National Electricity Plan prepared by CEA i.e. Report on (17th) Electric Power
Survey of India published in August 2007, Draft National Electricity PlanTransmission published in 2005 and Power Scenario at a glance published in
April 2010 have been referred for carrying out demand analysis of the State of
Andhra Pradesh and other regions.
Load forecast/Availability of power for 2003-2012 for the State of Eastern,
Northern, Western, Southern and North-Eastern region have been given below
which shows that surplus amount of power will be available for the North-East
16
region while other regions i.e. Northern, Western and Southern will expect a
shortage of power at the end of 11th Plan i.e. 2011-12. Actual power scenario
of are as follows in terms of:
Installed Capacity
Actual Supply/Generation.
Likely capacity addition.

Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan
INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10TH PLAN) (FIGURES IN MW)
Sector
Hydro
STATE
26,005.7
41,731.6
R.E.S. Total
(MNRE)
Diesel
Thermal
Total
Nuclear
Gas
3,729.8
604.6
46,066
0.0
975.7 73,047.4
Coal
PRIVATE
1,230.0
4,241.4
4,183.0
597.1
9,021.5
0.0
6,784.8 17,036.3
CENTRAL
7,418
25,118.3
5,809.0
0.0
30,927.3
3,900.0
0.0 42,245.3
34,653.7
71,091.3
13,721.8
1,201.8
86,014.8
3,900.0
7,760.5 1,32,329
TOTAL
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in India as of 31 Mar 2010

INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.03.2010 (FIGURES IN MW)
Sector
STATE
PRIVATE
CENTRAL
TOTAL
Hydro
27,065.00
1,233.00
8,565.40
36,863.40
Thermal
Coal
44,977.00
8,056.38
31,165.00
84,198.38
Gas
4,046.12
6,307.50
6,702.23
17,055.85
Nuclear
Diesel
602.61
597.14
0.00
1,199.75
Total
49,625.73
14,961.02
37,867.23
1,02,453.98
0.00
0.00
4,560.00
4,560.00
R.E.S
(MNRE)
2,701.12
12,819.99
0.00
15,521.11
Total
79,391.85
29,014.01
50,992.63
1,59,398.49
17
Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position

ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION
9 Period
Peak
Demand
(MW)
Peak Met
(MW)
9TH PLAN END

2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
APR,09
MAR ,2010
78,441
81,492
84,574
87,906
93,255
1,00,715
1,08,866
1,09,809
1,18,472
1,18,472
69,189
71,547
75,066
77,652
81,792
86,818
90,793
96,685
1,02,725
1,02,725
Peak
Deficit/
Surplus
(MW)
-9,252
-9,945
-9,508
-10,254
-11,463
-13,897
-18,073
-13,124
-15,748
-15,748
Peak
Deficit/
Surplus
(%)
-11.8
-12.2
-11.2
-11.7
-12.3
-13.8
-16.6
-12
-13.3
-13.3
Energy
Requirment
(MU)
5,22,537
5,45,983
5,59,264
5,91,373
6,31,757
6,90,587
7,39,345
7,74,324
8,30,300
76,493
Energy Avail-Energy
ability (MU) Deficit/
Surplus
(MU)
4,83,350
-39,187
4,97,890
-48,093
5,19,398
-39,866
5,48,115
-43,258
5,78,819
-52,938
6,24,495
-66,092
6,66,007
-73,338
6,89,021
-85,303
7,46,493
-83,807
67,513
-8,980
Energy
Deficit/
Surplus
(%)
-7.5
-8.8
-7.1
-7.3
-8.4
-9.6
-9.9
-11
-10.1
-11.7
NOTE :- PEAK DEMAND - 121891 MW , ENERGY REQUIREMENT - 794561 MU FOR THE YEAR
2008-2009(AS PER 17TH EPS REPORT),OCCURENCE OF PEAK AS PER ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY
POSITION IN THE MONTH(S) - MARCH & OCTOBER
SOURCE:- DMLF DIVISION
Table 1-: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission)
CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN (AS PER PLANNING COMMISSION TARGET)
Thermal
Nuclear Wind Total
Sector
Hydro
Coal
Gas
Diesel Total
STATE
PRIVATE
CENTRAL
TOTAL
3,482.0
3,491.0
8,654.0
15,627.0
19,985.0
9,515.0
23,350.0
52,850.0
3,316.4
2,037.0
1,490.0
6,843.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23,301.4
11,552.0
24,840.0
59,693.4
0.0
0.0
3,380.0
3,380.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26,783.4
15,043.0
36,874.0
78700.4*
NOTE :- * AS PER ACTUAL ORDERS , THE CAPACITY COMES TO 78900.4 MW
Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12

LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12 (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)
Period
2011-12
Peak
Demand
(MW)
1,52,746
Peak
Energy Requi- Energy
Peak
rment (MU)
AvailDeficit/
Deficit/
ability
Surplus Surplus
(MW)
(%)
(MU)
1,42,765
-9,981
-6.5 9,68,659
9,48,836
Peak
Met
(MW)
Energy
Deficit/
Surplus
(MU)
-19,823
Energy
Deficit/
Surplus
(%)
-2.0
18
Table 1-: Installed capacity of all states as on 31.03.2010 (in MW)

S.No
.
STATES
HYDRO
THERMAL
GAS
DIESEL
COAL
NUCLEAR
R.E.S
TOTAL
TOTAL
CHANDIGARH
46.74
27.09
15.32
0.00
42.41
8.84
0.00
97.99
2
3
DELHI
HARYANA
581.62
1,327.68
2,602.96
3,017.99
808.01
535.29
0.00
3.92
3,410.97
3,557.20
122.08
109.16
0.00
76.50
4,114.67
5,070.54
4
5
H.P.
J&K
1,539.94
1,480.53
118.30
263.70
61.88
304.14
0.13
8.94
180.31
576.78
34.08
77.00
275.83
129.33
2,030.16
2,263.64
PUNJAB
2,962.89
3,208.19
263.92
0.00
3,472.11
208.04
278.90
6,921.94
7
8
RAJASTHAN
U.P.
1,454.80
1,597.42
4,149.48
6,912.84
665.03
549.97
0.00
0.00
4,814.51
7,462.81
573.00
335.72
926.15
587.70
7,768.46
9,983.65
9 UTTRAKHAND
10 CHATTISGARH
1,919.18
120.00
261.26
4,383.00
69.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
330.61
4,383.00
22.28
47.52
132.92
218.95
2,404.99
4,769.47
11 GUJARAT
12 M.P.
772.00
3,223.66
7,008.89
4,282.10
3,894.49
257.18
17.48
0.00
10,920.86
4,539.28
559.32
273.24
1,655.91
287.86
13,908.09
8,324.04
13 MAHARASHTRA
3,331.84
11,203.05
3,715.93
0.00
14,918.98
690.14
2,437.97
21,378.93
0.00
0.00
277.03
19.04
48.00
4.20
0.00
0.00
325.03
23.24
25.80
7.38
30.05
0.00
380.88
30.62
16 D&N HAVAILI
17 A.P.
0.00
3,617.53
22.04
6,259.88
27.10
2,580.40
0.00
36.80
49.14
8,877.08
8.46
214.28
0.00
700.51
57.60
13,409.40
18 KARNATAKA
19 KERALA
3,599.80
1,781.50
3,902.67
765.38
220.00
533.58
234.42
256.44
4,357.09
1,555.40
195.36
78.10
2,234.09
138.76
10,386.34
3,553.76
20 T.N
14 GOA
15 D&D
2,108.20
5,519.81
1,026.30
411.66
6,957.77
478.50
4,865.51
14,409.98
21 P.CHURY
22 D.V.C
0.00
193.26
207.01
3,563.10
32.50
90.00
0.00
0.00
239.51
3,653.10
16.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
255.79
3,846.36
23 BIHAR
24 JHARKHAND
129.43
200.93
1,661.70
1,737.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,661.70
1,737.88
0.00
0.00
54.60
4.05
1,845.73
1,942.86
25 ORISSA
2,166.93
1,828.10
0.00
0.00
1,828.10
0.00
64.30
4,059.33
26 SIKKIM
27 W.BENGAL
75.27
1,116.30
68.10
6,756.34
0.00
100.00
5.00
12.20
73.10
6,868.54
0.00
0.00
47.11
164.70
195.48
8,149.54
28 ARP.P.
29 ASSAM
97.57
429.72
0.00
60.00
21.05
441.32
15.88
20.69
36.93
522.01
0.00
0.00
67.42
27.11
201.92
978.84
30 MANIPUR
31 MEGHALYA
80.98
230.58
0.00
0.00
25.96
25.96
45.41
2.05
71.37
28.01
0.00
0.00
5.45
31.03
157.80
289.62
32 MIZORAM
34.31
0.00
16.28
51.86
68.14
0.00
28.47
130.92
33 NAGALAND
34 TRIPURA
53.32
62.37
0.00
0.00
19.19
160.84
2.00
4.85
21.19
165.69
0.00
0.00
28.67
16.01
103.18
244.07
35 A&N ISLAND
36 LAKSHDEEP
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
60.05
9.97
60.05
9.97
0.00
0.00
5.25
0.00
65.30
9.97
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 10th Plan
Sector
INSTALLED CAPACITY (AT THE END OF 10th PLAN (FIGURES IN MW)

Hydro
Thermal
Nuclear
R.E.S.
(MNRE)
Coal
Gas
Diesel
Total
Total
STATE
3,582.6
3,132.5
272.3
0.0
3,404.8
0.0
103.0
7,090.3
PRIVATE
3.8
0.0
1,603.4
36.8
1,640.2
0.0
283.4
1,927.4
CENTRAL
0.0
2,378.0
0.0
0.0
2,378.0
152.5
0.0
2,530.5
TOTAL
3,586.3
5,510.5
1,875.7
36.8
7,423.0
152.5
386.4
11,548.2
19
Table 1-: Installed Capacity in MW in Andhra Pradesh as of 31 Mar 2010
Sector
Thermal
Gas
Diesel
Hydro
Coal
3,617.53
0.00
0.00
3,617.53
STATE
PRIVATE
CENTRAL
TOTAL
3,882.50
0.00
2,377.38
6,259.88
0.00
2,580.40
0.00
2,580.40
0.00
36.80
0.00
36.80
Nuclear
Total
3,882.50
2,617.20
2,377.38
8,877.08
0.00
0.00
214.28
214.28
R.E.S.
(MNRE)
188.43
512.08
0.00
700.51
Total
7,688.46
3,129.28
2,591.66
13,409.40
Table 1-: Actual Power Supply Position

Peak
Demand
(MW)
Period
Peak
Met
(MW)
Peak
deficit/
Surplus
(MW)
Peak
Deficit/
Surplus (
%)
Energy
Requirment
(MU)
Energy
Availability
(MU)
Energy
Energy
Deficit/
Deficit/
Surplus Surplus (
%)
(MU)
9TH PLAN END

2002-03
8,585
8,491
6,873
6,858
-1,712
-1,633
-19.9
-19.2
48,394
47,258
44,302
44,049
-4,092
-3,209
-8.5
-6.8
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
8,679
8,093
8,999
7,769
7,903
8,542
-910
-190
-457
-10.5
-2.3
-5.1
48,080
50,416
53,030
46,680
50,061
52,332
-1,400
-355
-698
-2.9
-0.7
-1.3
2006-07
2007-08
2008-2009
APR,09-MAR10
10,208
10,048
10,823
12,135
8,641
9,162
9,997
10,880
-1,567
-886
-826
-1,255
-15.4
-8.8
-7.6
-10.3
60,964
64,139
71,592
79,014
58,280
61,511
66,754
73,784
-2,684
-2,628
-4,838
-5,230
-4.4
-4.1
-6.8
-6.6
MAR 2010
12,135
10,880
-1,255
-10.3
7,929
7,040
-889
-11.2
Table 1-: Projects planned for 11th Plan

PROJECTS PLANNED FOR XITH PLAN (STATE/PRIVATE/CENTRAL SECTOR) INCLUDING BEST
EFFORT
PROJECTS
CAPACITY LIKELY YEAR /

(MW)
DATE OF
COMMISSIONIN
G
PROJECT
AGENCY
STATUS
TYPE
SIMHADRI-EXT U-3,4
NTPC
Under Construction
COAL
SUB TOTAL Central sector
JURALA PRIYA
U1,2
APGENCO
Commissioned
HYDRO
78
31.08.2008
JURALA PRIYA
U,3
APGENCO
Commissioned
HYDRO
39
07.06.2009
JURALA PRIYA
U 4-6
APGENCO
Under Construction
HYDRO
117
2010-11
NAGARJUNA SAGAR TR
APGENCO
Under Construction
HYDRO
50
2010-12
PULICHINTALA
APID
Under Construction
HYDRO
120
2010-12
RAYALSEEMA U4
APGENCO
Commissioned
COAL
210
2007-08
RAYALSEEMA ST III U5
APGENCO
Under Construction
COAL
210
2010-11
10
VIJAYWADA TPP ST-IV,U1
APGENCO
Commissioned
COAL
500
8.10.2009
1,000
2010-12
1,000
11
KOTHAGUDEM ST-V
APGENCO
Under Construction
COAL
500
2011-12
12
KAKTIYA TPP
APGENCO
Under Construction
COAL
500
2010-11
13
SUB TOTAL state sector
14
KONASEEMA
OAKWELL
Commissioned
GAS/LNG
280
3.5.2009
15
KONASEEMA
OAKWELL
Under Construction
GAS/LNG
165
2010-11
2,324
16
GAUTAMI
GAUTAMI POW
Commissioned
GAS/LNG
464
3.5.2009
17
KONDAPALLI PH II
LANCO
Commissioned
GAS
233
5.12.2009
LANCO
Under Construction
LNG
133
2010-11
18
KONDAPALLI PH II
19
SUB TOTAL -private sector
1,275
20
TOTAL (AP)
4,719
20
Table 1-: Likely Power Supply Position at the End of 2010-12

LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12* (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)
Period
Peak
Peak
Peak
Peak
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Demand
Met
eficit/
Deficit/
RequiAvailDeficit/
Deficit/
201114,721
12,357 -2,364
-16.1
89,032
80,338
-8,694
-9.8
12
Table 1-: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan

LIKELY CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN INCLUDING BEST EFFORT PROJECTS
FOR THE STATE : Ty St Installed
Capacity
Benefits
Commissioned Last Unit
ANDHRA
PRADESH
pe at Capacity
Addition
Shares of /
Commissioning
CENTRAL-SECTOR
Note:
*SIMHADRI ST-II
1,000.00
1,000.00
384.00
*ENNORE JV COST
KAIGA U-3 & 4
T
N
U
U
1,000.00
440.00
1,000.00
440.00
129.00
123.00
*KALPAKKAM PFBR
N U
CENTRAL-SECTOR TOTAL:STATE-SECTOR
500.00
500.00
142.00
778.00
(2010-2011)
NAGAR SAGAR TR
VIJAYWADA TPP
H
T
U
U
50.00
500.00
50.00
500.00
50.00
500.00
(2010-2012)
COMM 500.00 ( 8.10.2009 )
KOTHAGUDEM ST-V
JURALA PRIYA
T
H
U
U
500.00
234.00
500.00
234.00
500.00
234.00
RAYALSEEMA 4&5
PULICHINTALA
T
H
U
U
420.00
120.00
420.00
120.00
420.00
120.00
(2011-2012)
27.06.2009
COMM
117.00
COMM 210.00 20.11.2007
(2011-2012)
KAKTIYA TPP
T U
STATE - SECTOR TOTAL:PRIVATE-SECTOR
500.00
500.00
500.00
1,824.00
KONASEEMA CCGT
GAUTAMI CCGT
G
G
U
C
445.00
464.00
445.00
464.00
445.00
464.00
COMM 280.00 (3.5.2009)

COMM 464.00 (3.5.2009)
KONDAPALLI CCPP
KONDAPALLI CCPP
G
T
U
U
233.00
366.00
233..00
366.00
233.00
133.00
COMM 233.00 (5.12.2009)

(2010-2011)
PRIVATE-SECTOR TOTAL:-
1,275.00
GRAND-TOTAL:-
3,757.00
(2010-2012)
(20110-2012)
COMM 220.00 11.04.2007
(2010-2011)
U-Under Construction Project;

C-Commissioned
* Share from Central Sectors Projects for which M.O.P. Orders are
yet to be issued is tentative.
Table 1-: Peak & Energy Table
PEAK AND ENERGY TABLE

(As
per
17th
EPS
YEAR
PEAKReport vs Actual achieved)
ENERGY
Requirment
Actual
Requirement
Actual
as
per
17th
Demand
as
Per
17th
Require
2004-05
8,168
8,093
48,928
50,416
2005-06
8,810
8,999
54,683
53,030
2006-07
9,597
10,208
59,311
60,964
2007-08
10,454
10,048
64,331
64,139
2008-09
11,388
10,823
69,775
71,592
2009-10
12,406
75,680
2010-11
13,514
82,085
2011-12
14,721
89,032
21
From the above tables i.e. Actual power Supply position for the state of Andhra
Pradesh, it clearly indicates the consistent power deficit of around 8.5 % at the
end of 9th Plan continuing till 2009-10 up to 11.2%.
1.3 Justification for the project

For the state of Andhra Pradesh the projected peak load is 13,514 MW (201011). Table above shows Installed capacity as on 31 Mar 2010 for the state of
Andhra Pradesh, actual power supply position and capacity addition during 11th
Plan for the state of Andhra Pradesh. As per present power scenario for the
state of Andhra Pradesh the peak deficit during 2006-07 is around 4.4 %. As
per table above power deficit for the state of Andhra Pradesh during 2011-12
will be around 1,255 MW (March 2010). Thus Considering projected power
demand for the state of Andhra Pradesh, power generated from the proposed
power plant may be utilized for the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The proposed solar photovoltaic power plant (SPV) will contribute to bridge the
gap between the demand and availability of power.
As per the proposed transmission evacuation plan, the proposed power station
shall be connected to APTransco 33/132 kV substation at Raydurng, in
Anantapur district. Therefore it is considered that the proposed power plant will
be able to contribute to the power requirement of the Andhra Pradesh, hence it
is justified for construction of the Proposed 5 MW Power Plant at Veerapuram
village, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh.
22
The project activity will result in an annual average reduction of about 8000
tCO2e per year by replacing electricity generated from fossil fuel fired power
plants. The project activity has been essentially conceived to generate GHG
emission free electricity by making use of available Solar PV in the project area.
The project - being a renewable energy project - leads to sustainable
development through efficient utilization of naturally available sunlight and
generation of additional employment for the local stakeholders.
The Government of India in its Interim Approval Guidelines for CDM Projects
has stipulated a set of indicators for describing the sustainable development of
a project. According to these indicators, the sustainability of the described
project is as follows:
Social well being:

The project activity is generating employment opportunities for professional,
skilled
and
unskilled
labour
for
development,
engineering,
procurement
operation and maintenance of the project activity. The development of project

specific infrastructure will result in employment and income generation activities
for local personnel. In addition various kinds of maintenance work would
generate employment opportunities for local contractor on regular and
Economic well being:
The project activities will bring an additional permanent basis. The project
activity would promote the application of solar energy based power
generation investment to the tune of INR 650 million, which is a
significant investment in a green field project in the region.
23
The project activities will act as a nucleus for other economic activities
such as setting up of cottage industries, shops, hotels etc. around the
area, contributing to the economic development around the project area.
Proposed power plant will use solar radiation as resource for generation
of power helps conserve foreign exchange by reducing the need to import
fossil fuels to meet the countrys growing energy demand.
Environmental well being:

Solar energy based power generation system will be a robust clean technology
involving latest state of the art renewable energy options to be used for the
purpose of electricity generation. The project implementation will lead to
reduction of SOx, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It therefore
results in an improvement in air quality and human health.
24
2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION

IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT
2.1 Introduction
Anantapur district is situated in 13'-40'' and 15-15'' Northern Latitude and 76'50'' and 78'-30'' Eastern Longitude. It is bounded by Bellary, Kurnool District
on the North, Cuddapah and Kolar Districts of Karnataka on South East and
North respectively. The District is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side
running North to South with a portion of Chitradurg District of Karnataka State
intruding into it from west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram Mandals.The
Distance of State capital Hyderabad from the district is of ~300 Kms. The
District of Anantapur has a fairly good elevation which provides the District with
tolerable climate throughout the year. It has a gradual fall from the South
North towards the valley of the Pennar in Peddavadugur, Peddapappur and
Tadipatri Mandals. There is a gradual rise in Hindupur, Parigi,
Lepakshi,
Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals in the South to join the
Karnataka Plateau where the average elevation is about 2000 feet is above the
mean sea level.
2.2 Area and population in Anantapur District

There are 929 inhabited villages, out of 964 total Revenue villages of the
District. The number of villages in size group of 500 to 1999 forms 36.71% of
the total inhabited villages . The size group of 2000 to 4999 forms 38.64% and
the size group of 5000 to 9999 forms 12.81% only out of total villages, while 84
villages ( 9.04%) of total inhabited villages are having population less than 500.
There are 26 villages with more than 10,000 population excluding Towns.
25
2.3 Rainfall and Climate

Anatapur district being far from the East coast, it does not enjoy the full
benefits of North East Monsoons and being cut off by the high western Ghats,
the South West Monsoon are also prevented from penetrating and punching
the thirst of these parched soils. It is therefore seen, the district is deprived of
both the monsoons and subjected to droughts due to bad seasons. The normal
rainfall of the district is 553.0 MMs. by which it secures least rainfall when
compared to Rayalaseema and other parts of Andhra Pradesh. The normal
rainfall for the South West Monsoon period is 338.0 MMs. which forms about
61.2% of the total rainfall for the year. The failure of the rains in this South
West monsoon period of June to September will lead the District to drought by
failure of crops. The rainfall for North East monsoon period is 156.0 M.Ms. only,
which forms 28.3%
M.Ms. of
the total rainfall for the year (October to
December).
2.4 Temperature
March, April and May are warm months when the normal daily maximum
temperature ranges between 29.1 C to 40.3 C. November, December and
January
are cooler
months
when the temperature
falls
about
15.7 C,
Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals

being at High Elevation are more cooler than the rest of the Mandals in the
District.
26
2.5 Proposed Project location

The Proposed project site T Veerapuram is located in Raydurg Taluk of
Anantapur district. Below figure shows the project location. The site selection
for a Solar Power Plant is pre-dominantly determined by solar insulation
availability & grid connectivity for exporting power. Equally important are other
essential factors/considerations such as:
Availability of adequate land for Power Plant and green belt development
Soil condition like soil bearing capacity etc.
Proximity to State Electricity Grid enabling economic evacuation of power

generated
Availability of water and power during construction
Availability of local work force in the proximity
Availability of load centres (towns) within vicinity
Easy accessibility of the site
The proposed project site in Veerapuram village, Anatapur district of Andhra

Pradesh State is found favoring all the above factors to a reasonable extent.
27
Figure :
Figure :
Location map of Anatapur district in India:
Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur
Proposed
Project site for
5 MW SPV
Power Project
at Veerapura
28
2.6 Land requirement and layout of the proposed Project

The Power Plant will be located in the proposed site in Veerapuram village. The
total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The Power Plant
layout can be divided into two sections as:
1. Module mounting area and
2. Control room
The major portion of the site will be used for module mounting. As described in
the Power Plant Scheme the module will be mounted in a steel structure which
will be installed facing South direction for best efficiency & optimal power
output. The steel structure will be grouted using RCC foundation. The proposed
structure is designed to hold 8 modules per structure and which can withstand
wind speed up to 100km/hr. The structure is designed in such a way that it will
occupy minimum required space without sacrificing the performance.
The interconnection cables are routed within the structure and the output cables
from the modules are taken through proper size conduit to the smart connect
box. The output cables from the junction boxes are routed under the ground
through conduits or cable trenches. Man holes for regular maintenance and
inspection will be provided at equal distances as required. Earthing for all the
module mounting structures will be done using copper or GI conductors. The
earth pits for module area will be provided as the electrical standards. In order
to protect the modules from lightning, lightning protection will be provided in
the module mounting area. Sufficient number of lightning arrestor will be
29
provided in this area alone for protection of modules. The proposed power plant
layout is enclosed as annexure 5.
2.7 Land availability and acquisition for the project

As mentioned in the previous section, solar power plant of 5 MW capacity
requires about 25 acres of land. The land required by the project is already
acquired on lease basis.
30
RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE PROJECT

ACTIVITY
Actual site of installation is T. Veerapuram village, Raydurg taluka, located in

Anatapur district. The latitude and longitude of this site is 14.36 0N and 76.56
0
E respectively. Solar radiation available is for Anatapur in Andhra Pradesh is
considered for simulation of project parameters.
Latitude
: 14.70 N
Longitude
: 77.60 E
Below is the weather data for Anatapur district. The data is taken from surface
metrology and solar energy data NASA earth science enterprise programme and
is based on 22 years of yield data analysis.
The irradiation and temperature details considered for the design purpose are
as below:
31
Table -: Temperature details considered for design:
Average annual solar insulation at horizontal angle taken for Anantapur based
on the above chart: 5.34 KWh/m/day.
32
2.8 Simulation report of the power plant
33
34
35
The above simulation analysis is carried out based on the fixed structures.
Saisudhir energy and NVVN has entered into a power purchase agreement for
the capacity of 5 MW +5% and -0% power plant capacity. The entire generated
energy will be sold to NVVN on a long term basis. With this arrangement to
optimize the power generation potential, it was envisaged to install PV modules
of 5.250 MW capacity to take care of the DC side energy losses in the system.
36
3 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY
The key components of a photovoltaic power system are the photovoltaic cells
(sometimes also called solar cells) interconnected and encapsulated to form a
photovoltaic module (the commercial product), the mounting structure for the
module or array, the inverter (essential for grid-connected systems and) and
charge controller (for off-grid systems only).
3.1 Existing Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Crystalline silicon technologies currently account for most of the overall cell
production in the IEA PVPS countries. Single crystal PV cells are manufactured
using a single-crystal growth method and have commercial efficiencies between
15 % and 18 %. Multicrystalline cells, usually manufactured from a melting and
solidification process, are less expensive to produce but are marginally less
efficient, with conversion efficiencies around 14 %.
PV cells made from ribbons demonstrate an average efficiency around 14 %.
Thin film cells, constructed by depositing extremely thin layers of photovoltaic
semi-conductor materials onto a backing material such as glass, stainless steel
or plastic, show stable efficiencies in the range of 7 % to 13 %. Thin film
materials commercially used are amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride
(CdTe), and copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) and Copper Indium
Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules.
37
3.2 Thin film modules

Thin film modules are potentially cheaper to manufacture than crystalline cells
have a wider customer appeal as design elements due to their homogeneous
appearance present. Disadvantages, such as low-conversion efficiencies and
requiring larger areas of PV arrays and more material (cables, support
structures) to produce the same amount of electricity.
3.3
Comparison between Crystalline, Thin film and CPV

Technologies
S.No.
Parameter
Crystalline
Types of Materials Mono/ Polycrystalline
Handling
2
3
4
5
Power Efficiency
Technology
Module Weight
Area utilization
6
7
8
9
10
11
Thin Film
Amorphous Silicon, CdS,
CdTe, CIGS, CIS etc.
Better protec tion against Not Guaranteed

breakage
12-16%
Well Developed
Light weight modules
Higher power generated
per unit area due to high
efficiency
Temperature Effects Temperature variations
affect output
Irradiance
Used particularly for
Normal radiations
Module quantity
Lesser nos required due
to high efficienc y
Output per MW
High
installed
Transportation Cost Lower Transportation
cost
Mounting Structure Fewer Mounting structure
required per KW power
Installation would be at site.

Not Guaranteed
6-8%
Under development
Heavier modules
Less power per unit area
20-25%
Under development
Heaviest System
Highest power per unit area
Lesser impact of Temperature

variations
Better performance with Diffuse
radiations
More modules required
High variation
Varies as per sunlight condtion

and various locations
Higher cost
More Mounting structures
required
Lesser space required per Largest space requirement

MW
12
Land Requirement
13
14
14
Inverter
High inverter flexibility
Cost
High c ost per Watt
Environment Effects Less Sensitive
15
Stabilization
16
17
Availability
Health hazards
18
Power Degradation
19
21
Highest maintenanc e required,

Less maintenance
required after installation so highest maintenance c ost
so lower cost
Repair
Relatively easy
Diffic ult due to complex
structure
Cooling Requirement Not required
Not required
22
Cabling
Well known, and lower

cabling losses
23
Suitability for Grid

Technology
Good
20
CPV
Triple Junction GaAs Cell &
lens , tracker
Limited inverter flexibility

Lower cost per Watt
Sensitive
Stable power output from Stability achieved after 4-6

at initial stages
months
Easily available
Limited supply
Made from non toxic
Toxic materials used for thin
material (Si)
films (CdS, CdTe)
Less degradation
Highest degradation for initial 57 years
Plant Maintenance
Works only for Normal

radiations
Lowest nos. of modules
required
Very High(due to tracking)
High cost
Sophisticated mounting
required
Lowest spac e required
Limited inverter flexibility

Highest cost per Watt
Sensitive
Unknown
Limited supply
Unknown
High Degradation
High maintenanc e required, so

high maintenance cost
Difficult due to complex

struc ture
Requires active or passive
cooling which could increase
cost
Well Understood but yet difficult Complex and under
due to higher number of arrays, development. Cabling losses
expected to be high
along with high cabling losses
Good
Good
38
3.4
Conclusion on selection of technology
Each of the above technologies has their own particular strengths and
weaknesses which have played a role in our decision making. We have decided
to use Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules as our
preferred technology. These advantages and disadvantages in addition with
their market availability and costing are the key parameters on basis of which
we have taken our technological decision.
In the section 4.3 we have compared various technologies, and justification of
why we have chosen a particular technology. In the below section we have
compared the CIS, vis a vis Crystalline, Amorphous technologies.
Characteristic
CIS
Crystalline
Amorphous
Remarks
Module efficiency
++
+++
cSi still higher than CIS, but the difference

is getting narrow
Appearance
++
++
CIS modules are all black, and therefore

very compatible with roof settings
High Temperature
++
CIS and cSi do not have anneal effect
Light soaking effect
++
CIS has light soaking effect. Higher than

nominal power output is expected.
Degradation
++
++
Degradation rate is almost same as

Crystalline.
Production cost
++
++
Unit production cost of CIS modules

expected to decrease by mass production
but not in the case of crystalline module.
Manufacturing process
Simple processes allow a smooth and

efficient production overall
Environmental
contribution
Environmentally friendly - CIS modules do

not include toxic or pollutant elements
Energy payback time
++
++
Manufacture of CIS modules require only a

small amount of energy
Issue of raw materials
++
CIS products do not use silicon, thus less

affected by market volatility
39
4 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA

The Power Plant is sized on the following major criteria:
Solar Power (average insulation available)
Power evacuation facility in the vicinity of the proposed site along with
Grid availability on 24 Hours a day basis.
Details of the design process and are presented in the below sections.
4.1
Design and Simulation projections by PVSYST
PVSYST tool is one of the most accepted design tool for the study, sizing,
simulation and data analysis of complete PV systems. We have used this tool to
generate the most realistic energy yield simulation results which are detailed in
this report. Main features of PVSYST:
1) Detailed computation of the used components (modules, inverters, etc)

2) Simulation on hourly basis and detailed evaluation and consideration of
different loss factors.
3) Calculation of arbitrary orientated module planes (fixed and tracking
systems)
4) Most accepted and used tool to generate simulation results for big PV
power plants, as the results are based on systematic and refined
approach.
5) Program with the most accurate results and functions at the market.
40
4.2
PV Power Plant Energy Production
The system lifetime energy production is calculated by determining the firstyear energy generation as expressed in kWh (AC)/kWp (AC), then degrading
output over the system life based on an annual performance degradation rate.
System degradation (largely a function of PV panel type and manufacturing
quality) and its predictability are important factors in lifecycle costs since they
determine the probable level of future cash flows. This stream of energy
produced is then discounted to derive a present value of the energy generated
to make a levelized cost calculation. The first year kWh/kWp is a function of
the:
The amount of sunshine the project site receives in a year.
The mounting and orientation of the system (i.e., flat, fixed-tilt, tracking,
etc.).
The spacing between PV panels as expressed in terms of system ground

coverage ratio (GCR).
The energy harvest of the PV panel (i.e., performance sensitivity to high

temperatures, sensitivity to low or diffuse light, etc.).
System
losses
from
soiling,
transformers,
inverters,
and
wiring
inefficiencies.
4.3
System availability largely driven by inverter downtime.
PV power plant capacity factor
The capacity factor, a standard methodology used in the utility industry to

measure the productivity of energy generating assets, is a key driver of a solar
power plants economics.
41
A PV power plants capacity factor is a function of the insulation at the project

location, the performance of the PV panel (primarily as it relates to hightemperature performance), and the orientation of the PV panel to the sun, the
system electrical efficiencies, and the availability of the power plant to produce
power.
4.4
Selection of Inverter and Components
For a complete reliable system and to ensure high energy yield from the plant,
innovative components with latest technology are selected. The inverter that is
selected is of very high efficiency over a wide range of load. The inverter
operates in excess of 95.0% efficiency in comparison with the requested of 93%
efficiency.
Design lifetime of the inverter is at 35,000 hours with rated power at 40C. This
is approximately 4.8 hours at full load per day to estimate the lifetime of 20
years.
4.5
Selection of Monitoring System
Monitoring system requirement for a large power plant like 5 MW with state of
the art technology, monitoring and analysis of is carried out. Few features are
of the monitoring system are presented as follows:
Monitors the performance of the entire power plant
(string wise
monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)
Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power

& AC Power produced.
Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also

measures the module back surface temperature.
42
Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,

like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)
to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum
downtime.
Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control

Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)
Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing
Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal
from where the data can be accessed remotely.
4.6
Design criteria for Cables and Junction boxes and
The power plant will adopt the best engineering practice for complete cable
routing in the power plant by using minimal cable length while connecting in
series string, using optimal size cables to ensure the entire plant cable losses
are minimum.
The junction boxes proposed are completely pre-wired to ensure ease of

installation, maintenance and eliminates any installation hassles. These junction
boxes not only combine the DC power from strings but also monitor each string
performance and feed the same data to the central monitoring system.
43
5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER

PLANT
The Solar electricity is produced when the Photons from the sun rays hit the
electrons in the Solar PV panels, this will generate Direct Current (DC). The DC
electricity from the panels passes through DC distribution network to a grid
interactive inverter, which converts the DC electricity into 220V AC for single
phase and 415V AC for 3 phase operation by using state of the art technology.
In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are connected in Series,

called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of less installation
work (smaller conductor cross sections). Lower currents flow at the same
efficiency so that cable losses are reduced. The strings are connected with the
photovoltaic branch or the PV-distributor (Smart connect box). This distributor
is connected with the Main Combiner Box (MCB) which acts as the main DC
collecting unit which passes the power to be converted to the central inverters.
Central inverters combine the various advantages of the other installation

technologies. Thus the module fields are less sensitive towards partial
darkening, as is the case with string inverters. This results in a very good MPPmatching of the inverters. Thanks to higher system voltages than is the case
with module oriented inverters, central inverters reach a very high efficiency.
Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions of more modules
without problems. Thus photovoltaic installations of greater efficiency can be
constructed economically.
44
The AC power from the inverter are passed to Low voltage panel and then to
the main transformer. From the transformer, the power is routed through the
high voltage panel and eventually to other required measuring & protection
devices before connecting to the grid.
Grid connected solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and
components listed below.
1. Solar PV Modules
2. Central inverters
3. Module mounting system
4. Grid connect equipments
5. Monitoring system
6. Cables & connectors
7. Buildings for housing the electronics (Power-house)
5.1
Solar PV modules
A photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic

cells, which converts sunlight into energy. For this project, CIS Thin film PV
technology solar module of 130 Wp is considered.
The Tilt angle for the modules would be 15o (all the modules will be facing
south).
5.2
Central Invertors
Inverters are used for DC voltage to AC voltage conversion. According to output

voltage form they could be rectangle, trapezoid or sine shaped. The most
45
expensive, yet at the same time the best quality inverters, output voltage in
sine wave. Inverters connecting a PV system and the public grid are
purposefully designed, allowing energy transfers to and from the public grid.
Central inverters are used in large applications. Many times they can be
connected according to the "master-slave" criteria, when the succeeding
inverter switches on only when enough solar radiation is available or in case of
main inverter malfunction. Inverters connected to module strings are used in
wide power range applications allowing for more reliable operation.
In the proposed project the invertors will connect 41600 modules (each 130Wp
(+-3%)) in series. Such 5200 no of strings will be required for 5250.0 System
The output of the strings will be connected to Central 500 kW PCU. Like this 10
PCUs are required. The PCU is nothing but converting the DC Power into AC
power and feeding into the grid. It is design with a high efficiency >97% with
IGBT technology, It is delivering the max. Power generated through solar
modules in to grid due to its inbuilt feature of MPPT operations. The PCU is
having internal self protection in case of any fault in the grid. Also the PCU has
inbuilt contactors/breakers with fuses for self protections.
The PCU is having in-built microprocessor based controls. The Inverters is
designed in such a way that it will synchronize with the utility (grid) power with
respect to the Voltage and frequency of Grid and it gets corrected itself
according to the grid parameters within its settable limits. The inverter is
designed in such a way that it will sense the array power and grid power; if
both are available it starts and stops automatically in the morning and evening
respectively. Each PCU is having a remote and local data monitoring system
with which we can monitor all the parameters and current energy generation &
46
past generation for the given period. The output voltage of the inverter is
connected to the LT side of the grid through step-up transformer of
0.415/11/110KV or as per the requirement.
5.1
Module mounting system
The module mounting structure is designed for holding suitable number of

modules in series. The frames and leg assembles of the array structures is
made of mild steel hot dip galvanized of suitable sections of Angle, Channel,
Tubes or any other sections conforming to IS:2062 for steel structure to met
the design criteria. All nuts & bolts considered for fastening modules with this
structure are of very good quality of Stainless Steel. The array structure is
designed in such a way that it will occupy minimum space without sacrificing
the output from SPV panels at the same time.
Figure :
Typical module mounting structure:
47
5.1
Grid connected equipments
A simple block diagram, related to the interconnection of various systems for

gird connectivity, is shown below for reference. The Power from Modules is
directed to the central inverters through the DC combiner boxes and from the
inverters it is routed though the Low voltage panel to the transformer. From the
transformer, the high voltage power is routed to the metering panel, LCB and
eventually to grid through the High Voltage Panel.
Figure :
5.2
Grid-Connect equipments
Monitoring System
System proposed will maintain and provide all technical information on daily
solar radiation availability, hours of sunshine, duration of plant operation and
the quantum of power fed to the grid. This will help in estimation of generation
in kWh per MWp PV array capacity installed at the site. The system also enables
diagnostic and monitoring functions for these components. Communication:
Data modem (analogue/ethernet), few features are presented as follows.
48
Monitors the performance of the entire power plant
(string wise
monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)
Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power

& AC Power produced.
Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also

measures the module back surface temperature.
Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,

like module string/ diodes/ inverter/ junction box / loose contacts/ etc,)
to facilitate recognition and correction of the fault with minimum
downtime.
Visualizes nominal status of the connected components via Control

Center PC Software (diagnosis on site or remote)
Logs system data and error messages for further processing or storing
Stores and visualizes energy yield data (for life of the plant) in the Portal
from where the data can be accessed remotely.
5.3
Cables and connectors
The size of the cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes,
junction boxes to PCU etc shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop and
losses to the minimum. The bright annealed 99.97% pure bare copper
conductors that offer low conductor resistance, they result in lower heating
thereby increase in life and savings in power consumption. These wires are
insulated with a special grade PVC compound formulated. The skin coloration
offers high insulation resistance and long life. Cables are flexible & of annealed
electrolytic grade copper conductor and shall confirm to IS 1554/694-1990 and
are extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion.
49
Cable is of
high temperature resistance
and excellent
weatherproofing
characteristics which provides a long service life to the cables used in large
scale projects. The connectors/lugs of copper material with high current
capacity and easy mode of assembly are proposed.
5.4
Buildings housing for electronics (power house)
The power house will be utilized for housing the inverters, Low Voltage Panels,
High Tension Panels, Plant Monitoring system, Safety equipments, Office room
etc. In order to avoid shading effect the power house is proposed to be
constructed on the North side of the layout.
The power house will be provided with air conditioning unit in order to maintain
the
desired
temperature
of
the
equipments
like
inverters
for
better
performance. The office space will be provided inside the control room with
basic amenities. The performance of the Power Plant can be monitored from the
power house.
The power house will be equipped with all necessary safety
equipments as the safety rules. The equipments will be erected as per the
Indian Electrical Standards. The cables will be routed through cables trenches or
cable trays as required. Alarm system will be provided to alert the operator in
case of emergency or plant break-down.
The power house will also house the power evacuation system except the
transformer. The proposed transformer will be installed in outdoor next to the
control room.
The civil engineering and building works shall include the design, detailing, and
construction of all foundations, structures, buildings, installation and service of
50
facilities
required
for
the
installation,
commissioning,
operation
and
maintenance of all equipment associated with the Power Plant.
The civil works includes the following: preliminaries, additional survey, soil
exploration, piling if needed, ground improvement, foundations, and all
necessary site investigation associated with the operations. Site roads, site
leveling and grading with boundary fences, and gates. In order to avoid
flooding, rain water drainage system is provided all around the plant layout.
5.5
Other facilities including water
The other important requirement for the Power Plant is Water, which will be
used pre-dominantly for module cleaning. The water table is very good in the
proposed site and bore-well for required depth will be erected to meet the
requirement. An over-head tank / underground sump will be constructed as per
the requirement for the water storage.
A first-aid station will be located as part of the power house/office room.

Sufficient space will be provided for vehicle parking near to the power house.
Within the layout approach roads will be made for easy movement of man &
machines.
51
6 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Technical specification of major components and bill of materials are presented
in this section.
Table -: Bill of materials
Sl
No.
System Components
QTY
Total Capacities
SOLAR MODULE
Solar Cell Type: CIS Thin film module
Solar Module Type: Aluminum Framed Module
Module Wattage: 130Wp each
Total PV modules rated power: 5250 kWp
Certification: IEC 61646
41,600 Nos.
5.408 MWp
PV SYSTEM MOUNTING STRUCTURE with

single axis tracking
Material: MS Galvanized(>70 micron)
i) Design of Solar Photovoltaic 20 module
Mounting Structure, Fixed tilt
5200 Nos.
Voc=750Volt
Vmax=600Volt
Array Junction boxes
80 Nos.
06 Input 1
output type.
POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (Inverter)

500kVA, IP20
MAKE: AEG or equivalent
Specifications: Input Voltage range 450 - 900V
8 Modules connected in series; 5200 strings
10 Nos.
1.25 MVA Transformer
5 Nos.
7
8
6.5 MVA Transformer

LT panel with Protection & metering
1 No.
5 Nos.
HT Panel with protection Panel & metering
2 No.
11 KV & 33 KV
10
Cables
Lightning
Earthing System
Metering
1 Set
1 Set
1 Set
Metering panel
PVC Cu Cables
Standard
Standard
Universal / Rema
11
Cables
1 Set
Monocab/Finolex
12
Accessories
Accessories for
cable,
interconnection
Huber + Suhner
13
PC for monitoring
PC in control room
Standard
Control Room
Control Room
(Design and
construction)
Standard
10
11
9
14
ONAN with OLTC
52
Table -: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC
Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic CIS Thin film module
at Standard Test Conditons (STC)
Output power Pmax (Watts)
130 Wp +/-5%
Warranted minimum Pmax
130 Wp +/-5%
Voltage at Pmax
77.0 V
Current at Pmax
1.82 A
Open-circuit voltage
109 V
Short circuit current
2.10 A
Maximum system voltage (Volts)
DC 600 V
Fuse rating
15 A
Type of solar PV cell
CIS Thin film
Suitability
For grid connected system
Module output
Multi contact plug
Certification
IEC 61646
Fire rating
Class C
Power warranty
10 year warranty on 90% of the

minimum output
Table -: Specifications of module mounting structure
Structure Technical Specification

Parameters
Type
Configuration
Material
Overall
dimension
Coating
Wind rating
Tilt angle
Foundation
Fixing type
Specifications
Single axis tracking system
Each structure will hold 20 modules.
MS Galvanized
As per design, please refer Attachment C & D
Hot dip (galvanized) Minimum of 70 Micron size
100 km/hr (Horizontal)
Suitable to site
PCC (1:2:4)
SS 304 fasteners
53
Table -: Cables speficification

Cable Technical Specification
Parameters
Specifications
Standard
IS 1554/694-1990
Working voltage
Up to 1100V
Temperature range
-15 Deg C to +70 Deg C
Sizes
Suitable sizes
Table -: Invertors specification

Inverter Technical Specifications
Parameters
Specifications
Input Voltage range
Vpmin=500 VDC to Voc=820 VDC
Recommended solar power as

input
500-580 kWp
Output Voltage
510 VAC (Phase), 400 VAC (Line)
AC outputs
5 Connectors (L1, L2, L3, N and PE)
DC inputs
Output power
4 minimum
500 kW or above
Output current distortion
Less than 2%
MPP range at DC rated output

Mains frequency range
Maximum Efficiency
500- 820 VDC

50 Hz +/- 0.4%
Greater than 95 %
Maximum Power Point Tracking (>1%
accuracy)
1
0-40 C
95% non-condensing
IP20
When sufficient solar generator power
is available
Operating mode
Power factor (Cos)
Ambient temperature range
Relative humidity
Protection Type
Automatic turn on
Resetting time after AC
deactivation
Minimum 2 minutes
Protection
Ground fault monitoring, Reverse

polarity protection, Over voltage
protection.
Solar generator / Grid decoupling
Through high insulation transformer.
54
Table -: Transformer specification at 33 kV side

Parameters
Specifications
Transformer
1.25 MVA, 415/33 KV, 5 Nos
No. of Phases
Type
Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type
Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation
Outdoor
Primary voltage
415V
HV
33000 volts
LV
415 volts
Vector Group
Dyn 11
Percentage impedance
5%
Secondary voltage
33 kV at 33kV panel
Toppings and windings
33 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor
1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor
4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load
>99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @

unity power factor
0.8 power factor
98.5~99%
98~98.9%
Insulation class
Class-A
Enclosure
Welded steel tank and bolted cover

construction.
First filling of oil
Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards
IS2026
55
Table -: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV

Parameters
Specifications
Transformer
6.50 MVA, 33/132 KV, 1 No.
No. of Phases
Type
Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type
Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation
Outdoor
Primary voltage
415V
HV
33000 volts
LV
11000 volts
Vector Group
Will match with the grid requirement
Percentage impedance
5%
System voltage
33kV at 33 kV panel
Toppings and windings
11 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor
1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor
4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load
>99%

unity power factor
0.8 power factor
98.5~99%
98~98.9%
Insulation class
Class-A
Enclosure
Welded steel tank and bolted cover

construction.
First filling of oil
Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards
IS2026
56
Table -: Monitoring system specification
Monitoring system Technical Specifications

The system is an innovative monitoring and analysis system for
large PV plants. It is upgradeable with CAN bus compatible
System
components
(like
junction
boxes).
The
system
supports
the
diagnostic and monitoring functions for these components.

Monitoring of central inverters and junction boxes to string level.
Measurement & storage of the temperature, irradiation, string level
current values, etc. Transmits the data required for monitoring, such
Monitoring
Central
system
as yields and the system efficiency, to the Internet portal, where the
data
is
converted
into
straightforward
diagrams
and
stored.
A constant target/actual analysis should enable malfunctions to be

detected in their initial stages and an immediate notification is sent
to a definable group of people.
String
monitoring
junction boxes
Remote-controlled connection / disconnection should reduce service

outlay on site. The long-life electronic safety feature will optimize
system availability.
Data
Communication
modem
(analogue/Ethernet),
CAN
open
interface
for
connecting the system components, RS 232 interface.
57
7 POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID

It is important that the power plant is designed to operate satisfactorily in
parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation conditions, so as
to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely important
to safeguard the system during major disturbances like tripping, pulling and
sudden over loading during the fluctuation of the grid loads on the generating
unit in the island mode, under fault/feeder tripping conditions.
7.1
Power Evacuation System
The Direct Current (DC) from modules is converted into Alternating Current
(AC) by Inverters. The inverter outputs are given to a junction box which is
connected (using 415V XLPE cable) to the LV Panel in the control room. The
output from LV Panel is stepped up to 11kV by, Oil cooled, outdoor type
transformer located near the control room. The HV side of transformer is
connected to 11kV HT Panel in the control room (using 11kV XLPE cable). The
LV and HT Panels have all necessary metering and protection as per Power
Evacuation schematic. From the HT panel, 11kV XLPE cable runs to 11kV
metering panel and then to Double Pole (DP) Structure. DP structure is
connected to existing 33/132 kV grid by suitable Aluminum Conductors Steel
Reinforced (ACSR) conductor.
The Power evacuation system comprises of following major components:
1. Transformer Oil immersed type with Off circuit tap changer with all
accessories
2. 415V Low Voltage (LV) Panel
3. 11kV High Tension (HT) Panel
58
4. 11kV Metering Panel

5. LT & HT cables
6. Control & Power evacuation cables
7.2
Transformers
The proposed transformer shall be installed outdoor suitable for hot, humid and
tropical climate. The transformer will be free from annoying hum and vibration
when it is in operation, even at 10% higher voltage over the rated voltage. The
noise level will be in accordance with respective standards.
The transformer will be designed and constructed so as not to cause any

undesirable interference in radio or communication circuits. The oil filled
transformer will be capable of operating continuously at its rated output without
exceeding the temperature rise limits as given below over design ambient
temperature of 50 deg C.
In oil by thermometer 50 deg C
In winding by resistance 55 deg C
The transformer will be designed to withstand without injury, the thermal and
mechanical effect of short circuit at its terminal with full voltage maintained
behind it for a period of 1 second. The transformer will be capable of continuous
operation at the rated output under voltage and frequency variation without
injurious heating at that particular tap for all tap positions.
Phase connections will be delta on LV side and star on HV side. HV side shall be
resistance earthed. HV side shall be suitable for connection to 11kV HT panel.
59
LV side shall be suitable for connection to LV panel. Transformer will be

designed for over fluxing withstand capability of 110% continuous and 125% for
at least 1 minute. Further it shall be capable of withstanding 140% of rated
voltage at the transformer LV terminal for a period of 5 seconds to take into
account sudden load throw off conditions.
Overloads will be allowed within conditions defined in the loading guide of
applicable standard. Under these conditions, no limitations by terminal
bushings, off circuit tap changers or other auxiliary equipment shall apply.
7.3
HT, LV & 11KV Metering Panel
Under the normal climatic and earthquake conditions, the HT and LV panels will
meet the following requirements:
a) The physical alignment of 11kV and 415V switchgear panels along with
incoming and outgoing feeder connections, supporting insulators &
structures of bus bars will not get disturbed and there will not be any
internal flashover and/or electrical fault.
b) All relays, transducers, indicating instruments, devices in switchgear
panels will not mal-operate.
c) Current carrying parts, supporting structure, earth connection etc. will
not get dislocated and /or will not break or distort.
d) Co-ordination with other systems
All equipments will have necessary protections. Each switchgear will be
provided with necessary arrangement for receiving, isolating, distributing and
fusing of 230V AC and 11OV DC supplies for various control, lighting, space
60
heating and spring charging circuits. DC supply for control shall be duplicated
for each board which shall run through auxiliary bus wires.
11kV Lightning Arrestor will be of non-linear resistor type. Unless otherwise

modified in this specification the lightning arrestor shall comply with IS
3070(Pt.1)1974 or the latest version thereof.
7.4
Cables
11kV cables will be unearthed grade suitable for use in medium resistance
earthed system, with stranded & compacted aluminium conductors, extruded
semi-conducting compound screen, extruded XLPE insulated, extruded semiconducting compound with a layer of non- magnetic metallic tape for insulation
screen, extruded PVC (Type ST-2) FRLS outer sheathed, multi-cored conforming
to IS 7098 (Part II) IEC-60502 for constructional details and tests.
7.5
LT Power Cables
LT Power Cable will be 1100V, unearthed grade, multi-core, stranded aluminium

conductor, XLPE insulated with PVC outer sheath made on FRLS PVC compound.
All other details will be as applicable. Minimum conductor cross section of power
cables will be 4 Sq.mm
7.6
Control cables
Control cables will be 1100V Grade, multi-core, minimum 2.5 Sq.mm cross
section, stranded copper conductor having 7 strands, PVC insulated, and outer
sheath made of FRLS PVC compound. In situations where accuracy of
measurement is or voltage drop in control circuit is not warrant, higher cross
61
sections as required will be used. 4 sq.mm copper conductor cables will be used
for CT circuits all other specifications remaining same.
7.7
Power Evacuation Cable
3 Core XLPE insulated, aluminium cable confirming to IS 7098 of required

length shall be provided for power evacuation.
7.8
Grid Synchronization Scheme
The output power from the LV panel is taken to set-up transformer, where the
voltage is stepped up from 415V to 11kV. The output of the transformer is fed
to HT panel and from the HT panel to Double Pole (DP) structure.
From DP structure, ACSR conductors run to another DP structure located near
the existing 33/132 kV grid at about 10 km from the project site. Single pole
(SP) structures are provided at equal intervals. The number of single pole
structures required is determined based on sag calculation. The location of DP
and SP structures will be decided during detailed engineering. Air Breaker (AB)
switch is provided near DP structure to facilitate isolation of the power plant
from the grid during emergency. Jump conductors are used to connect the DP
structure to the existing 33/132 kV grid. A single line diagram (SLD) for
depicting the power evacuation scheme is enclosed as annexure 9.
62
8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

Photovoltaic system consists out of two parts.
1. Direct current (DC) side
2. Alternating current (AC) side
Solar PV array generates DC Power at a very high voltage and need to be

handled carefully.
8.1
DC side of the power plant
PV modules convert Sun light into DC Power.
PV modules are connected in series & parallel to create necessary voltage

& current. The series & parallel connections are done as per the design.
The output of PV array is connected to junction boxes and outputs of the

several junction boxes are connected to main combiner box.
This generated DC power is passed through the Inverter to convert DC

power into AC power.
8.2
AC side of the power plant
1 The output of the Inverter will be AC power at 415V.

2 This converted AC power at 415V is connected to LV panel and stepped
up to 11kV using a step-up transformer.
3 From 11 kV the power is stepped up to 33 kV and is connected to HT
panel and from HT panel to Double Pole conductor.
63
4 AC Power is transmitted through overhead line to the 33/132 kV

substation located at about 10 km from the project site.
5 Both on DC side of generation as well as AC side of conversion, protection
and safety devices are provided to ensure safe and reliable operation of
the complete Solar Power Generating system.
6 Monitoring and Analysis system provided with the power plant will record,
store and transfer data that are essential for the same purpose.
8.3
Mode of Operation
The PV system basically consists of the following components:
1 PV arrays convert Sun light into DC Power.

2 This generated DC power is passed through the Inverter to convert DC
power into AC power.
3 This converter AC power at 415V is stepped up to 33 kV using a step-up
transformer.
4 AC power at 33 kV is connected to the Grid at the same voltage.
5 Both on DC side of generation as well as AC side of conversion, protection
and safety devices are provided to ensure safe and reliable operation of
the complete Solar Power Generating system.
6 Monitoring and Analysis system provided with the power plant will record,
store and transfer data that are essential for the same purpose.
64
8.4
Maintenance requirements
The main objectives of the maintenance section focus on keeping the plant
running reliably and efficiently as long as possible with any break down.
Reliability is impaired when a plant is thrown to forced and unforeseen outages.
The following measures will help in reducing the break down maintenance and
also help in planning for preventive maintenance.
1 Careful logging of operation data and periodically processing it to
determine abnormal or slowly deteriorating conditions.
2 Careful control and supervision of operating conditions. Wide and rapid
variations in voltage and frequency conditions do contribute to increased
maintenance.
3 Regulate routine maintenance work such as keeping equipment clean,
cleaning of module, proper maintenance of inverters etc.
4 Correct operating procedures.
5 Frequent testing of plant equipment by Walk Down checks to internal
condition of equipments such as module performance, inverter efficiency
test, monitoring system testing etc.
6 Close co-ordination with the manufacture to effect improvements in plant
layouts and design, use of better material, introduction of such facilities
as lightning protection, etc.
8.5
Spare parts management system
The primary objectives of spare parts management system will be to ensure

timely availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant
65
without excessive build up on non-moving and slow moving inventory. A

provision of 2% of equipment cost is kept for purchase of spare parts for
smooth functioning of the plant. The spare parts management system for this
project will cover the following areas:
7 Maintaining the proper condition of all spares and consumables.
8 Spare parts indenting and procurement policy.
9 Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares.
10 Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts
based on past experience.
8.6
Maintenance of O & M Manuals
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) manual for the various sections of the plant
in adequate number of copies shall be made available to the plant personnel. It
is also proposed to have a sound and slide show for the education and training
of the operators.
The set points as per O&M manual will be reviewed and any revisions required
at the pre-commissioning and commissioning stage will be incorporated for
operator guidance.
8.7
Operation & maintenance Organization of the Plant
The organization proposed ensures that the proposed power plant will be
headed by the plant Engineer, holding the full charge of the power plant
operations,
reporting
directly
to
the
project
promoters.
The
staffing
66
recommended here takes care of the operation, maintenance and the related
record keeping.
The plant Engineer should be a graduate engineer with relevant experience in a

power plant. Generally, the power plant will be similar to unmanned type.
However, two more technicians would be required for regular monitoring and
few people will be engaged for regular cleaning of the Solar Modules.
8.8
Training
During the commissioning of the plant training will be imparted to the Engineer
and supervisors. This operational training shall cover the following:
1 The nature, purpose and limitations of all plant and equipment.
2 The detailed operating instructions on each section and equipment of the
plant.
3 Normal startup and shutdown Program for the plant.
4 The emergency procedures and all related HSE issues according to the
standards.
5 The basis for the training shall be the plant's Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Contract document and drawings provided by the manufacturer.
67
9 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
AND
WASTE
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have distinct environmental advantages for

generating electricity over conventional technologies.
The operation of
photovoltaic systems does not produce any noise, toxic-gas emissions, or

greenhouse gases. Photovoltaic energy not only can help to meet the growing
worldwide demand for electricity, but it can do so without incurring the high
economic and environmental costs of burning fossil fuels and installing power
lines. Compared to burning coal, every giga watt-hour of electricity generated
by photovoltaics would prevent the emission of about 10 tons of sulphur
dioxide, 4 tons of nitrogen oxides, 0.7 tons of particulates, and up to 1000 tons
of carbon dioxide.
It has been proposed to use CIS Thin modules which does not contain toxic
material (eg. Lead, cadmium). Independent studies and reports have confirmed
PV Modules are safe to people, animal life and the environment during any
anticipated application or use.
PV solar modules represent a 90% reduction in harmful air emissions

when used to displace conventional energy generation technologies. Solar
electricity is generated with no air emissions, no waste use and no waste
production while preventing the environmental impacts associated with
traditional fossil fuels.
68
A 2006 Progress in Photovoltaic Research and Applications study showed

that the active semiconductor material used within Solar PV Modules
presents the best energy payback time of all existing solar technologies.
Solar PV Modules are classified as "waste for recovery" and nonhazardous in accordance with the German Waste Code, European Waste
Legislation and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards.
As part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be implemented for

the Power Plant as a whole, monitoring of Noise level and water quality both at
source and in the ambient at the plant site will be done regularly as per Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines after the plant is commissioned.
69
10 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE

POWER PLANT
The organization proposed ensures that the proposed power plant will be
headed by the plant manager, holding the full charge of the power plant
operations,
reporting
directly
to
the
project
promoters.
The
staffing
recommended here takes care of the operation, maintenance and record

keeping.
The plant manager should be a graduate engineer with minimum of 10 years of

experience out of which at least five years should have been worked in a power
plant.
Shift supervisors should be provided housing nearby the power plant premises.
It is considered that these personnel will be available for 24 hours for meeting
any emergency requirements of the operation of the plant.
The plant manger will be in charge for both technical and administrative
functions. The organization under plant manager shall be divided into operation
and maintenance group.
The plant operation team will work in three shifts per day. Each shift will be
controlled by a shift supervisor. There will be an additional shift supervisor who
will function as reliever.
70
10.1 Training
During the commissioning of the plant training will be imparted to the operators
and shift supervisors, this operational training shall be to acquaint the operators
with the following:
The nature, purpose and limitations of all plant and equipment.
The detailed operating instructions on each section and equipment of the

plant.
Normal startup and shutdown Program for the plant.
The emergency procedures.
The basis for the training shall be the plant's operating and maintenance
manual, contract document, drawings which is provided by the manufacturer.
71
10.2 Plant Operation Organization Chart
PLANT MANAGER
1
PLANT ADMIN HEAD

1
PLANT SUPERVISOR
Shift No.1 1 No.
PLANT HELPER
Shift No.1 3 No.
PLANT SUPERVISOR
Shift No.2 1 No.
PLANT HELPER
Shift No.2 3 No.
PLANT SUPERVISOR
Shift No.3 1No.
PLANT HELPER
Shift No.3 3 No.
PLANT SUPERVISOR
Reliever 1 No.
PLANT OPERATOR
Reliever 3 No.
PLANT HELPER
Reliever 2 No.
ACCOUNTANT
1
SECURITY
Shift No.1 1 No.
SECURITY
Shift No.2 1No.
SECURITY
Shift No.3 1 No.
SECURITY
Reliever - 1 No.
72
10.3 Project Implementation Strategy

It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of
activities. These phases are not mutually exclusive; to implement the project on
fast track basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged.
Project Development
Finalization of the Equipment and Contracts
Procurement and Construction
Plant Commissioning and performance testing
10.4 Project Development

In a power project, development of the project plays an important role. Almost
50 % of the work is done if one achieves power purchase agreement from the
NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd (NVVN).
Apart from the above the below listed tasks will be under project development:
1. Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
2. Participation
in
RFQ/submission
of
application
with
documents
for
registration with NVVN

3. Expedite LOI from NVVN
4. Power purchase agreement (PPA) with NVVN
5. Financial closure
10.5 Finalization of the Equipments and Contracts

In the power plant PV modules, invertors and transformers are the long lead
items and the planning schedule for the project implementation should provide
73
adequate time period for the installation of these equipment. The specifications
for major equipment like the Modules, Invertors and Transformer design shall
be drawn up at an early stage of the project. Program of design information,
from the equipment suppliers, that satisfies the overall project schedule shall be
drawn up.
Since, the project execution calls for closer coordination among the contractors,
consultants and the company, proper contract co-ordination and monitoring
procedures shall be made to plan and monitor the project progress.
10.6 Procurement and Construction

The procurement is an important function of the implementation of the project.
Once the purchase order is placed, the project team follows up regularly to
ensure smooth and timely execution of the contract and for obtaining technical
information for the inter-package engineering.
When the contract for the equipment are awarded, detailed program in the form
of network are tied up with the supplier to clearly indicate the owner's
obligations and the suppliers responsibilities. And upon placement of the
purchase order, the project team follows up regularly to ensure smooth and
timely execution of the contract and or obtaining technical information for the
inter-package
engineering.
The
procurement
activity
includes
review
of
drawings, expediting, stage and final pre-delivery inspection, supervision of

installation and commissioning.
To expedite supplies from the manufacturers, regular visits to the supplier's
works will have to be undertaken by the project engineers/consultants. The
manufacturing program and quality plans finalized at the time of award of
74
contract. Regular reports shall be prepared indicating the schedule variations, if

any, their likely impact on the delivery schedule, and the recommendations to
meet with the schedules.
During construction, the erection and commissioning phase of all the contracts
proceed simultaneously. Adequate power and water shall be made available for
the construction. Construction manager of Saisudhir Energy takes the overall
responsibility of the site.
10.7 Erection and Commissioning Phase

The commissioning phase in a project is one where design, manufacturing,
erection and quality assurance expertise are put to test. The commissioning
team will be from manufacturer of the equipment, consultant and the company.
As discussed in the earlier section, staff identified to operate the plant will be
involved in the commissioning phase of the project itself.
When construction phase is complete, the check list designed to ensure that the
plant has been properly installed with appropriate safety measures. The
commissioning team will follow the operating instructions laid down by the plant
and equipment manufacturer. The plant shall be subjected to a performance
test, after the successful completion of the performance test of the plant, the
plant will be taken over by the company.
It is responsibility of the company to ensure that major civil work shall have to
be planned in the non-monsoon period. All the statutory clearances like
pollution control board clearance will be obtained much before of the start of
the project commissioning.
75
11 PROJECT COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

The cost of the power project is estimated, on the basis of the prevailing prices
rates and the estimation is for the installation of power generation facilities
described in the earlier sections of this report.
The cost of the solar power plant, presented in this section of the report covers
all the costs associated with the construction of the plant and included civil
construction cost, cost of equipment for power generation, cost of auxiliaries
and utilities. We have also taken the reference of CERC considered capital cost
for approving the purchase tariff for solar photovoltaic based power plants in
the country.
Table -: Project Cost Estimate

Particulars
Land
Rs. Mn
102.04
Civil Works
40.36
PV Modules
320.00
Module mounting Structures
50.00
BOS ( Balance of System ) including Combiner Box,

Invertors, data logging System etc.
Transmission Line. 12 KM Length
90.60
Terminal equipments at evacuation point

Prel. & Pre Operative Expenses (Includes IDC Rs. 26 Mn)
TOTAL
10.00
7.00
30.00
650.00
The Solar PV based power plant promoted by Saisudhir Energy Limited is

planned as an IPP. This power plant will supply power through APTRANSCO Grid
to NVVN on a long term power purchase agreement (PPA) as per the guidelines
of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).
76
11.1 Plant Operation

The Gross generation of power in the proposed power plant will be 5 MW. Solar
power plants do not require any reactive power for its main plant components
and auxiliary equipment. The estimated energy generation, considering the
losses for 25 years (project life of the power plant) is depicted in the below
table.
Years
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
2022-23
2023-24
2024-25
2025-26
2026-27
2027-28
2028-29
2029-30
2030-31
2031-32
2032-33
2033-34
2034-35
2035-36
2036-37
Net Export to Grid (GWh)

2.33
9.32
9.23
9.14
9.05
8.95
8.87
8.78
8.69
8.60
8.52
8.43
8.35
8.26
8.18
8.10
8.02
7.94
7.86
7.78
7.70
7.62
7.55
7.47
7.40
7.32
77
11.2 Salable Electricity

The Gross generation of power in the proposed power plant will be about 9.63
million units per annum at PV array in AC side after the PV array losses, the net
energy exportable to the grid after the PV array losses is estimated to be about
9.32 million units. This surplus energy from the plant is connected to APTransco
33/132 kV substation located about 10 km from the project site and sold to
NVVN on long term power purchase agreement as per the Jawaharlal Nehru
National Solar Mission (JNNSM) guidelines.
11.3 Sale Price of Electricity

As per the financial analysis carried out, it is envisaged that a power purchase
agreement would be entered into with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited
(NVVN). Saiduhir energy has signed a power purchase agreement with NVVN at
a price of ` 12.00 per kWh. This tariff has been accepted by NVVN after a
competitive bidding carried out to purchase solar power on long term basis.
11.4 Sale Price of carbon credits

Certified Emissions Reductions or CER's are a "certificate" just like a stock. A
CER is given by the CDM Executive Board to projects in developing countries to
certify they have reduced green house gas emissions. Developed countries buy
CER's from developing countries under the CDM process to help them achieve
their Kyoto targets. The Kyoto protocol is defined by UNFCCC.
78
The existing protocol is defined up to 2012 i.e protocol expires by 2012. The
European Union, the major buyer of the carbon credits from green energy
projects from the developing countries restricted the use of CERs if no
agreement is reached on Kyoto protocol by 2012 by developing countries
including US. There are many market uncertainties in selling CERs generated,
majority of which depends on the policy decisions of the developing countries
and US to join the Kyoto protocol agreement for reducing carbon emissions.
Keeping the above CER market uncertainties in view, the prices of CERs are
considered for the current project at 12 per CER which works out to INR
7.5Mn.
79
Table -2: Assumptions for Financial Projections

Assumptions Supporting Financial Projections
Installed Capacity
Input value
Data Source
MW
5.00
Days
365.00
Industry norms
21.28%
As per the commitment from Vendor
Rs / kWh
12.00
Already PPA Signed with NTPC NVVN
O&M Expenses (on Project Cost)
0.53%
CERC Tariff regulations 2009 (reference)
Escalation in O&M
5.72%
CERC Tariff regulations 2009 (reference)
Average Working days / Annum

Plant Load Factor
Tariff
Interest on Term Loan
Proposed
11.50%
Assumed
Loan repayment Period / years
years
13
Assumed
Moratorium From COD/Years
years
Assumed
Interest on Working capital
13.00%
Assumed
Income Tax ( Regular)
32.45%
As per latest Budget 2011
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
18.50%
As per latest Budget 2011
Incentives
MNRE Subsidy ( Rs. Million)
0.00
Tax holiday / years
MNRE Guidelines
10
As per Sec. 80IA of Income Tax Act,1961
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Revenue

Carbon Emission Remittance (CRE) price
Euro / ton
12
Assumed
Exchange rate
Rs / Euro
67
Assumed
GWh
9.32
Outputs
Generation
80
Means of Finance
Share Capital - 30%
Term Loan
- 70%
TOTAL
Rs. Mn
195.00
455.00
650.00
Interest On Term Loan

(Rs.million)
Particulars / Years
Opening Term Loan
10
11
12
13
14
455.00
446.25
411.25
376.25
341.25
306.25
271.25
236.25
201.25
166.25
131.25
96.25
61.25
26.25
0.00
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
Repayment
Quarter I
Quarter II
0.00
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
Quarter III
0.00
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
Quarter IV
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
8.75
0.00
Loan Repayment
8.75
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
26.25
455.00
446.25
411.25
376.25
341.25
306.25
271.25
236.25
201.25
166.25
131.25
96.25
61.25
26.25
Quarter I
Outstanding Term Loan
455.00
437.50
402.50
367.50
332.50
297.50
262.50
227.50
192.50
157.50
122.50
87.50
52.50
17.50
Quarter II
455.00
428.75
393.75
358.75
323.75
288.75
253.75
218.75
183.75
148.75
113.75
78.75
43.75
8.75
Quarter III
455.00
420.00
385.00
350.00
315.00
280.00
245.00
210.00
175.00
140.00
105.00
70.00
35.00
0.00
Quarter IV
446.25
411.25
376.25
341.25
306.25
271.25
236.25
201.25
166.25
131.25
96.25
61.25
26.25
0.00
Quarter I
13.08
12.83
11.82
10.82
9.81
8.80
7.80
6.79
5.79
4.78
3.77
2.77
1.76
0.75
Quarter II
13.08
12.58
11.57
10.57
9.56
8.55
7.55
6.54
5.53
4.53
3.52
2.52
1.51
0.50
Quarter III
13.08
12.33
11.32
10.31
9.31
8.30
7.30
6.29
5.28
4.28
3.27
2.26
1.26
0.25
Interest
Quarter IV
13.08
12.08
11.07
10.06
9.06
8.05
7.04
6.04
5.03
4.03
3.02
2.01
1.01
0.00
Total Interest on Term Loan
52.33
49.81
45.78
41.76
37.73
33.71
29.68
25.66
21.63
17.61
13.58
9.56
5.53
1.51
81
Table -3: Estimation of Depreciation

Estimation of Depreciation
Apportionment of Pre-operatives
Particulars
(Rs.million)
Actual Cost
Pre-Operative Exp
Contingencies
Total Cost
102.04
4.94
0.00
106.98
Civil Works
40.36
1.95
0.00
42.31
PV Modules
320.00
15.48
0.00
335.48
157.60
7.63
0.00
165.23
620.00
30.00
0.00
650.00
Land
Total
Calculation of Book Depreciation (SLM)

Particulars
(Rs.million)
Cost
Land
Depreciation
Residual Value
106.98
0.00
106.98
Civil Works
42.31
40.20
2.12
PV Modules
335.48
318.71
16.77
165.23
156.96
8.26
650.00
515.87
134.13
Total
Deprectiaton per annum on SLM Basis
20.63
82
Income Tax
Income Tax
as per MAT (18.5%) on profit
As per IT (30%+5%+3%) =32.45% on profit
Tax provision
Income Tax
(Rs.million)
2011-12
2012-13 2013-14
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
1.94
7.92
8.12
8.61
9.09
9.58
10.07
10.55
11.03
11.52
12.00
12.48
12.96
13.44
21.05
21.89
22.73
23.57
1.94
21.05
21.89
22.73
23.57
2025-26
2026-27 2027-28 2028-29
2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
as per MAT (18.5%) on profit
13.91
13.92
13.65
13.37
13.09
12.81
12.52
12.23
11.93
11.63
11.33
11.02
As per IT (30%+5%+3%) =32.45% on profit
24.40
24.42
23.94
23.45
22.96
22.46
21.96
21.45
20.93
20.41
19.87
19.33
Tax provision
24.40
24.42
23.94
23.45
22.96
22.46
21.96
21.45
20.93
20.41
19.87
19.33
Note:
Tax holiday as per Sec 80IA of IT Act, 1961 is considered for the first 10 years from commercial operation. However, tax is paid as per
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) at 18.50% on profits. The tax so paid is available for credit up to 10 years. The amount will be shown as
asset in Balance Sheet. Since the tax paid in the first year cannot be utilized for adjustment in 11 year, it is charged to Profit and Loss
statement. Subsequent payments of tax till 10th year are considered as asset and are adjusted to tax payable from 11th years onwards.
83
Table -4: Project Profit & Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, Project IRR and Working Capital
Summary of the Projections for 5 MW
Factor
Project Cost
Equity - 30%
Debt - 70%
Project IRR
Equity IRR
DSCR - Min
DSCR - Avg
Unit
Rs. Mn
Rs. Mn
Rs. Mn
%
%
times
times
Value
650.00
195.00
455.00
13.63%
18.89%
1.35
1.65
Projected Profitability Statement

Particulars
2011-12
Rs Mn
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
(3 months)
Net Export to Grid(Units in Mn)
Tariff (Rs /KWh)
CDM Revenue
2.33
9.32
9.23
9.14
9.05
8.95
8.87
8.78
8.69
8.60
8.52
8.43
8.35
8.26
8.18
8.10
8.02
7.94
7.86
7.78
7.70
7.62
7.55
7.47
7.40
7.32
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
1.87
7.49
7.42
7.35
7.27
7.20
7.13
7.06
6.99
6.92
6.85
6.78
6.71
6.64
6.58
6.51
6.45
6.38
6.32
6.25
6.19
6.13
6.07
6.01
5.95
5.89
Power Revenue
27.97
111.86
110.75
109.64
108.54
107.46
106.38
105.32
104.26
103.22
102.19
101.17
100.16
99.15
98.16
97.18
96.21
95.25
94.29
93.35
92.42
91.49
90.58
89.67
88.78
87.89
Total Revenue
29.84
119.36
118.17
116.98
115.81
114.66
113.51
112.37
111.25
110.14
109.04
107.95
106.87
105.80
104.74
103.69
102.66
101.63
100.61
99.61
98.61
97.62
96.65
95.68
94.72
93.78
Direct Cost - O&M Expenses
0.87
3.46
3.66
3.87
4.09
4.33
4.58
4.84
5.11
5.41
5.72
6.04
6.39
6.75
7.14
7.55
7.98
8.44
8.92
9.43
9.97
10.54
11.14
11.78
12.45
13.16
Employee Cost
0.03
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.35
Administrative Expenses
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
13.30
52.33
49.81
45.78
41.76
37.73
33.71
29.68
25.66
21.63
17.61
13.58
9.56
5.53
1.51
5.16
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
20.63
Total Expenses
19.36
76.57
74.26
70.45
66.65
62.87
59.10
55.34
51.60
47.88
44.17
40.48
36.81
33.16
29.54
28.45
28.89
29.36
29.86
30.38
30.93
31.52
32.14
32.79
33.48
34.21
Profit Before Tax (PBT)
10.47
42.79
43.91
46.53
49.16
51.79
54.41
57.03
59.65
62.26
64.86
67.46
70.05
72.63
75.20
75.25
73.77
72.27
70.76
69.23
67.68
66.11
64.51
62.89
61.24
59.56
Expenses
Interest and Financial Charges

Depreciation
Income Tax
1.94
21.05
21.89
22.73
23.57
24.40
24.42
23.94
23.45
22.96
22.46
21.96
21.45
20.93
20.41
19.87
19.33
Profit After Tax (PAT)
8.54
42.79
43.91
46.53
49.16
51.79
54.41
57.03
59.65
62.26
43.82
45.57
47.32
49.06
50.80
50.83
49.83
48.82
47.80
46.76
45.72
44.65
43.58
42.48
41.37
40.24
EBDITA over Total Revenue
96.98%
96.98%
96.77%
96.56%
96.32%
96.08%
95.81%
95.53%
95.23%
94.91%
94.56%
94.20%
93.81%
93.39%
92.94%
92.47%
91.96%
91.42%
90.84% 90.22% 89.56% 88.85% 88.10% 87.29% 86.44% 85.52%
PBT over Total Revenue
35.10%
35.85%
37.16%
39.78%
42.45%
45.17%
47.94%
50.75%
53.62%
56.53%
59.49%
62.50%
65.55%
68.65%
71.80%
72.57%
71.86%
71.11%
70.33% 69.50% 68.63% 67.71% 66.75% 65.73% 64.65% 63.52%
PAT over Total Revenue
28.61%
35.85%
37.16%
39.78%
42.45%
45.17%
47.94%
50.75%
53.62%
56.53%
40.18%
42.22%
44.28%
46.38%
48.50%
49.02%
48.54%
48.04%
47.51% 46.95% 46.36% 45.74% 45.09% 44.40% 43.67% 42.90%
84
Rs. Mn
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00
195.00
195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00 195.00
195.00
195.00
195.00 195.00
8.54 51.33
95.23 141.77 190.93 242.72 297.13 354.16 413.81 476.07 519.88 565.45 612.77 661.84 712.64 763.47
813.29
862.11 909.91 956.67 1,002.39 1,047.04 1,090.62 1,133.10 1,174.47 1,214.71
455.00 446.25 411.25 376.25 341.25 306.25 271.25 236.25 201.25 166.25 131.25
96.25
61.25 26.25
24.40 24.42
23.94
23.45
22.96
22.46
21.96
21.45
20.93
20.41
19.87
19.33
Projected Balance Sheet

Particulars
Share Capital
Reserves & Surplus
Term Loan
Other Liabilities
Total
658.54 692.58
701.48 713.02 727.18
743.97 763.38
785.41
810.06
837.32
846.13
856.70
869.02
883.09 932.04 982.88 1,032.23
Fixed Assets
Less : Depreciation
Net Block
Debtors
Other Assets
Bank Account
650.00 650.00
5.16 25.79
644.84 624.21
20.52 20.52
7.92
(6.82) 39.94
650.00
46.43
603.57
20.33
16.04
61.54
650.00
108.33
541.67
19.34
43.32
139.64
650.00
128.97
521.03
19.02
53.39
169.94
650.00
149.60
500.40
18.70
63.94
202.38
650.00
170.24
479.76
18.38
74.97
236.94
650.00
190.87
459.13
18.06
86.49
273.63
650.00
211.51
438.49
17.75
65.44
324.44
650.00
232.14
417.86
17.45
43.55
377.85
650.00
252.78
397.22
17.14
20.82
433.84
650.00
273.41
376.59
16.84
0.00
489.66
Total
658.54 692.58
701.48 713.02 727.18
743.97 763.38
785.41
810.06
837.32
846.13
856.70
869.02
883.09 932.04 982.88 1,032.23
Cash Flow Statement

Particulars
Realisations
Total Inflow
650.00
67.06
582.94
20.00
24.65
85.44
650.00
87.70
562.30
19.67
33.74
111.47
650.00
294.05
355.95
16.54
24.40
535.14
650.00
314.68
335.32
16.24
24.42
606.90
650.00
335.32
314.68
15.95
23.94
677.66
1,080.56 1,127.87 1,174.14 1,219.35 1,263.49
1,306.55
1,348.51 1,389.34 1,429.03
650.00 650.00
417.86 438.49
232.14 211.51
14.81
14.53
21.96
21.45
950.43 1,016.00
650.00
459.13
190.87
14.25
20.93
1,080.49
650.00
479.76
170.24
13.98
20.41
1,143.88
1,080.56 1,127.87 1,174.14 1,219.35 1,263.49
1,306.55
1,348.51 1,389.34 1,429.03
650.00
355.95
294.05
15.66
23.45
747.40
650.00
376.59
273.41
15.37
22.96
816.12
650.00
397.22
252.78
15.09
22.46
883.80
650.00
500.40
149.60
13.71
19.87
1,206.15
650.00
521.03
128.97
13.44
19.33
1,267.29
Rs, Mn
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
9.32 119.36 118.35 117.32 116.14 114.98 113.83 112.69 111.57 110.45 109.35 108.25 107.17 106.10 105.04 103.99 102.95 101.92 100.90 99.89 98.89 97.90 96.92 95.95 95.00 94.05
9.32 119.36 118.35 117.32 116.14 114.98 113.83 112.69 111.57 110.45 109.35 108.25 107.17 106.10 105.04 103.99 102.95 101.92 100.90 99.89 98.89 97.90 96.92 95.95 95.00 94.05
O&M Expenses
Employee Cost
Admin Cost
Interest on Longterm Debt
Loan Repayment
Income Tax
Total Outflow
0.87
0.03
0.01
13.30
1.94
16.14
3.46
0.11
0.04
52.33
8.75
7.92
72.60
3.66
0.12
0.04
49.81
35.00
8.12
96.75
3.87
0.12
0.04
45.78
35.00
8.61
93.42
4.09
0.13
0.04
41.76
35.00
9.09
90.11
4.33
0.13
0.04
37.73
35.00
9.58
86.81
4.58
0.14
0.04
33.71
35.00
10.07
83.53
4.84
0.15
0.04
29.68
35.00
10.55
80.26
5.11
0.15
0.04
25.66
35.00
11.03
77.00
5.41
0.16
0.04
21.63
35.00
11.52
73.76
5.72
0.17
0.04
17.61
35.00
58.54
6.04
0.18
0.04
13.58
35.00
54.85
6.39
0.19
0.04
9.56
35.00
51.18
6.75
0.20
0.04
5.53
35.00
2.75
50.28
7.14
0.21
0.05
1.51
26.25
24.40
59.56
7.55
0.22
0.05
24.42
32.23
7.98
0.23
0.05
23.94
32.19
8.44
0.24
0.05
23.45
32.18
8.92 9.43
0.25 0.26
0.05 0.05
22.96 22.46
32.18 32.21
9.97 10.54
0.28 0.29
0.05 0.05
21.96 21.45
32.26 32.34
11.14
0.31
0.06
20.93
32.44
11.78
0.32
0.06
20.41
32.56
12.45
0.34
0.06
19.87
32.72
13.16
0.35
0.06
19.33
32.91
Net Cash Flow
(6.82) 46.76
21.61
23.89
26.03
28.17
30.30
32.44
34.57
36.69
50.81
53.41
55.99
55.82
45.48
71.76
70.76
69.74
68.72
66.63
64.49
63.39
62.27
61.14
67.68
65.57
85
Project IRR and Equity IRR

Returns:
Project IRR
Cost
Outflow:
Inflow:
PAT
Depreciation
Interest
Salvage Value
Total
(650.00)
Project IRR
13.63%
Rs. Mn
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37
8.54
5.16
13.30
42.79
20.63
52.33
43.91
20.63
49.81
46.53
20.63
45.78
49.16
20.63
41.76
51.79
20.63
37.73
54.41
20.63
33.71
57.03
20.63
29.68
59.65
20.63
25.66
62.26
20.63
21.63
43.82
20.63
17.61
45.57
20.63
13.58
47.32
20.63
9.56
49.06
20.63
5.53
(650.00) 27.00
115.75
114.35
112.95
111.56
110.16
108.75
107.35
105.94
104.53
82.06
79.79
77.52
75.23
50.80
20.63
1.51
50.83
20.63
-
49.83
20.63
-
48.82
20.63
-
47.80
20.63
-
46.76
20.63
-
45.72
20.63
-
44.65
20.63
-
43.58
20.63
-
42.48
20.63
-
41.37
20.63
-
40.24
20.63
134.13
72.94 71.46 70.46 69.45 68.43 67.40 66.35 65.29 64.21 63.12 62.00 195.00
50.80
20.63
26.25
50.83
20.63
0.00
49.83
20.63
0.00
48.82
20.63
0.00
47.80
20.63
0.00
46.76
20.63
0.00
45.72
20.63
0.00
44.65
20.63
0.00
43.58
20.63
0.00
42.48
20.63
0.00
41.37
20.63
0.00
Equity IRR
Outflow:
Inflow:
PAT
Depreciation
Loan Repayment
Salvage Value
Total
(195.00)
Equity IRR
18.89%
(195.00)
8.54
5.16
0.00
42.79
20.63
8.75
43.91
20.63
35.00
46.53
20.63
35.00
49.16
20.63
35.00
51.79
20.63
35.00
54.41
20.63
35.00
57.03
20.63
35.00
59.65
20.63
35.00
62.26
20.63
35.00
43.82
20.63
35.00
45.57
20.63
35.00
47.32
20.63
35.00
49.06
20.63
35.00
13.70
54.67
29.54
32.17
34.80
37.42
40.05
42.67
45.28
47.89
29.45
31.21
32.96
34.70
40.24
20.63
0.00
134.13
45.18 71.46 70.46 69.45 68.43 67.40 66.35 65.29 64.21 63.12 62.00 195.00
86
Rs Mn
Working Capital
Years
Month Ended
Realisations
Total Inflow
O&M Expenses
Employee Cost
Admin Cost
Interest on Longterm Debt
Loan Repayment
Income Tax
Total Outflow
Working Capital Requirement
Cumulative Working
Capital Requirement
Jan
-
2011-12
Feb
-
Mar
April
9.32
9.32
9.32
9.32
2012-13
Sept
Oct
9.32
9.32
9.32
9.32
May
9.32
9.32
June
9.32
9.32
Jul
9.32
9.32
Aug
9.32
9.32
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
13.08
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
13.08
-
Nov
9.32
9.32
Dec
9.32
9.32
Jan
9.32
9.32
Feb
9.32
9.32
Mar
16.82
16.82
April
9.32
9.32
May
9.32
9.32
June
9.23
9.23
Jul
9.23
9.23
Aug
9.23
9.23
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
13.08
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
12.83
8.75
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
12.58
8.75
0.32
0.32
21.90
0.32
0.32
(9.00)
(9.00)
12.67
(8.91)
(8.91)
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
-
0.29
0.01
0.00
13.30
0.30
0.30
1.94
15.54
0.30
0.30
13.38
0.30
0.30
13.38
0.30
0.30
13.38
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.01
0.00
13.08
8.75
7.92
30.05
0.30
0.30
6.22
(9.02)
(9.02)
4.06
(9.02)
(9.02)
4.06
(9.02)
(9.02)
4.06
(9.02)
(9.02)
13.23
0.30
0.60
6.82
(2.20) (11.22)
(7.16) (16.18)
(25.20) (21.14)
2013-14
Sept
Oct
9.23
9.23
9.23
9.23
(30.16)
(39.19) (35.12)
(44.15) (53.17)
(39.94)
(48.94) (57.94)
(45.28) (54.19) (63.10)
Nov
9.23
9.23
Dec
9.23
9.23
Jan
9.23
9.23
Feb
9.23
9.23
Mar
16.65
16.65
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
12.33
8.75
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
0.31
0.01
0.00
-
21.65
0.32
0.32
21.39
0.32
0.32
0.31
0.01
0.00
12.08
8.75
8.12
21.14
12.42
(8.91)
(8.91)
12.17
(8.91)
(8.91)
4.49
(50.68) (59.59)
(68.50)
(56.34) (65.25) (74.16)
87
(69.66)
Table -5: Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)

Project Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
Details
A - SERVICE
Net Profit after Tax
Depreciation
Interest on term Loan
TOTAL - A
B - DEBT
Installment on Term Loan
Interest on Term Loan
TOTAL - B
DSCR
Min DSCR
Avg DSCR
Rs Mn.
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27
8.54
5.16
13.30
27.00
42.79
20.63
52.33
115.75
43.91
20.63
49.81
114.35
46.53
20.63
45.78
112.95
49.16
20.63
41.76
111.56
51.79
20.63
37.73
110.16
54.41
20.63
33.71
108.75
57.03
20.63
29.68
107.35
59.65
20.63
25.66
105.94
62.26
20.63
21.63
104.53
43.82
20.63
17.61
82.06
45.57
20.63
13.58
79.79
47.32
20.63
9.56
77.52
49.06
20.63
5.53
75.23
50.80
20.63
1.51
72.94
50.83
20.63
71.46
13.30
13.30
2.03
8.75
52.33
61.08
1.90
35.00
49.81
84.81
1.35
35.00
45.78
80.78
1.40
35.00
41.76
76.76
1.45
35.00
37.73
72.73
1.51
35.00
33.71
68.71
1.58
35.00
29.68
64.68
1.66
35.00
25.66
60.66
1.75
35.00
21.63
56.63
1.85
35.00
17.61
52.61
1.56
35.00
13.58
48.58
1.64
35.00
9.56
44.56
1.74
35.00
5.53
40.53
1.86
26.25
1.51
27.76
2.63
1.35
1.65
88

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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district.

NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................15

SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT .............................52

POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID ........................58

POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 58

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ...............................63

DC SIDE OF THE POWER PLANT ................................................................................................. 63

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ...............68

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION OF THE POWER PLANT 70

PLANT OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 77

1-1: Installed Capacity in MW in India at the End of 10th Plan ___________________17

7-7: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV _________________56

Location map of Anatapur district in India: ............................................................. 28

Project site Photographs

Land ownership details of the proposed project

Contour map of the project site

Schematic diagram showing 5MWp Solar PV Plant Layout

Schematic of Control Room Layout

Schematic of earthing layout

Power Evacuation Scheme 5MWp to 33/132 kV substation

Incorporation certificate of Saisudhir Energy Limited

Memorandum and Articles of Association of Saisudhir Energy Limited

Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced

Balance of the System

Copper Indium Selenium

Data Acquisition System

Detailed Project Report

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Kilo Watt Hour

Main Combiner Box / Miniature Circuit

Multi Function Meters

Plant Load Factor

Power Finance Corporation

Power Purchase Agreement

State Electricity Board

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Cross Linked Polyethylene

kilo Watt electrical

kilo Watt peak

Mega Watt electrical

recognized as an important route for generation of substantial quantities of grid

Infrastructures Limited is intent to develop solar photovoltaic power plant of

The project site proposed is in Veerapura village of Anatapur district in Andhra

The project envisages an investment of approx. Rs 650 million for the

Power plant operates on the principle of

photoelectric phenomenon - direct conversion of light to electricity. The

Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V;

Saisudhir Energy Limited (SSEL) is an SAISUDHIR Infrastructures group

Infrastructures, Solid Waste Management and Irrigation etc.,

SAISUDHIR builds the high-voltage electric transmission system that

SAISUDHIR has an in-house capability for designing Transmission Line

SAISUDHIR energy proposed to install a 5 MW Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)

This report highlights the details of the proposed power generation

environmental aspects, estimate of capital cost and the financial analysis

The proposed 5 MW power plant would require about 25 acres of land.

Availability of good solar insulation

Availability of uninhabited land at a reasonable cost

Availability of stable grid near to the project site

High Power Demand in the State

Availability of good infrastructural facility including road and rail

of MS galvanized steel with 8 module structure, fixed tilt type, 80 nos of

moratorium period of 1 year. The equity from SSIL will be Rs 195.00