Cc linh kin in t c bn

Nh cp trong phn trc, cc linh kin in t c bn trong mt mch in t bao

gm:in tr, t in, cun cm. Do y l cc linh kin c bn nn vic u tin khi lm
quen vi cc linh kin ny l cch nhn bit cc loi linh kin khc nhau, ng thi
c c gi tr cc loi linh kin khc nhau.

Phn loi in tr v cch c in tr

Nh cp,ni mt cch nm na, in tr c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in.
Chnh v th, khi s dng in tr cho mt mch in th mt phn nng lng in s b
tiu hao duy tr mc chuyn di ca dng in. Ni mt cch khc th khi in tr
cng ln th dng in i qua cng nh v ngc li khi in tr nh th dng in d
dng c truyn qua.Khi dng in cng I chy qua mt vt c in tr R, in
nng c chuyn thnh nhit nng vi cng sut theo phng trnh sau:
P = I2.R
trong :
P l cng sut, o theo W
I l cng dng in, o bng A
R l in tr, o theo
Chnh v l do ny, khi phn loi in tr, ngi ta thng da vo cng sut m phn
loi in tr. V theo cch phn loi da trn cng sut, th in tr thng c chia
lm 3 loi:
- in tr cng sut nh
- in tr cng sut trung bnh
- in tr cng sut ln.
Tuy nhin, do ng dng thc t v do cu to ring ca cc vt cht to nn in tr nn
thng thng, in tr c chia thnh 2 loi:
- in tr: l cc loi in tr c cng sut trung bnh v nh hay l cc in tr ch cho
php cc dng in nh i qua.
- in tr cng sut: l cc in tr dng trong cc mch in t c dng in ln i qua
hay ni cch khc, cc in tr ny khi mch hot ng s to ra mt lng nhit nng
kh ln. Chnh v th, chng c cu to nn t cc vt liu chu nhit.

 tin cho qu trnh theo di trong ti liu ny, cc khi nim in tr v in tr cng
sut c s dng theo cch phn loi trn.
Cch c gi tr cc in tr ny thng thng cng c phn lm 2 cch c, tu theo
cc k hiu c trn in tr. Di y l hnh v cch c in tr theo vch mu trn
in tr.

i vi cc in tr c gi tr c nh ngha theo vch mu th chng ta c 3 loi in

tr: in tr 4 vch mu v in tr 5 vch mu v 6 vch mu. Loi in tr 4 vch mu
v 5 vch mu c ch ra trn hnh v. Khi c cc gi tr in tr 5 vch mu v 6 vch
mu th chng ta cn phi mt cht v c s khc nhau mt cht v cc gi tr. Tuy
nhin, cch c in tr mu u da trn cc gi tr mu sc c ghi trn in tr 1
cch tun t:
i vi in tr 4 vch mu

- Vch mu th nht: Ch gi tr hng chc trong gi tr in tr

- Vch mu th hai: Ch gi tr hng n v trong gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th ba: Ch h s nhn vi gi tr s m ca 10 dng nhn vi gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th 4: Ch gi tr sai s ca in tr
i vi in tr 5 vch mu
- Vch mu th nht: Ch gi tr hng trm trong gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th hai: Ch gi tr hng chc trong gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th ba: Ch gi tr hng n v trong gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th 4: Ch h s nhn vi gi tr s m ca 10 dng nhn vi gi tr in tr
- Vch mu th 5: Ch gi tr sai s ca in tr
V d nh trn hnh v, in tr 4 vch mu pha trn c gi tr mu ln lt l: xanh l
cy/xanh da tri/vng/nu s cho ta mt gi tr tng ng nh bng mu ln lt l
5/6/4/1%. Ghp cc gi tr ln lt ta c 56x104=560k v sai s in tr l 1%.
Tng t in tr 5 vch mu c cc mu ln lt l: /cam/tm/en/nu s tng ng
vi cc gi tr ln lt l 2/3/7/0/1%. Nh vy gi tr in tr chnh l 237x100=237, sai
s 1%.

Phn loi t in v cch c t in

T in theo ng tn gi chnh l linh kin c chc nng tch t nng lng in, ni
mt cch nm na. Chng thng c dng kt hp vi cc in tr trong cc mch nh
thi bi kh nng tch t nng lng in trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. ng
thi t in cng c s dng trong cc ngun in vi chc nng lm gim gn
sng ca ngun trong cc ngun xoay chiu, hay trong cc mch lc bi chc nng ca t
ni mt cch n gin l t ngn mch (cho dng in i qua) i vi dng in xoay
chiu v h mch i vi dng in 1 chiu.
Trong mt s cc mch in n gin, n gin ha trong qu trnh tnh ton hay thay
th tng ng th chng ta thng thay th mt t in bng mt dy dn khi c dng
xoay chiu i qua hay tho t ra khi mch khi c dng mt chiu trong mch. iu ny
kh l cn thit khi thc hin tnh ton hay xc nh cc s mch tng ng cho cc
mch in t thng thng.

Hin nay, trn th gii c rt nhiu loi t in khc nhau nhng v c bn, chng ta c
th chia t in thnh hai loi: T c phn cc (c cc xc nh) v t in khng phn
cc (khng xc nh cc dng m c th).
c trng cho kh nng tch tr nng lng in ca t in, ngi ta a ra khi
nim l in dung ca t in. in dung cng cao th kh nng tch tr nng lng ca
t in cng ln v ngc li. Gi tr in dung c o bng n v Farad (k hiu l F).
Gi tr F l rt ln nn thng thng trong cc mch in t, cc gi tr t ch o bng cc
gi tr nh hn nh micro fara (F), nano Fara (nF) hay picro Fara (pF).
1F=106F=109nF=1012pF
T ho

K hiu t ho v hnh dng t ho

T ha l mt loi t c phn cc. Chnh v th khi s dng t ha yu cu ngi s dng
phi cm ng chn ca t in vi in p cung cp. Thng thng, cc loi t ha
thng c k hiu chn c th cho ngi s dng bng cc k hiu + hoc = tng ng
vi chn t.
C hai dng t ha thng thng l t ha c chn ti hai u tr trn ca t (t c ghi
220F trn hnh a) v loi t ha c 2 chn ni ra cng 1 u tr trn (t c ghi gi tr
10F trn hnh a). ng thi trn cc t ha, ngi ta thng ghi km gi tr in p cc
i m t c th chu c. Nu trng hp in p ln hn so vi gi tr in p trn t
th t s b phng hoc n t ty thuc vo gi tr in p cung cp. Thng thng, khi
chn cc loi t ha ny ngi ta thng chn cc loi t c gi tr in p ln hn cc
gi tr in p i qua t m bo t hot ng tt v m bo tui th ca t ha.
T Tantali

T Tantali
T Tantali cng l loi t ha nhng c in p thp hn so vi t ha. Chng kh t
nhng nh v chng c dng khi yu cu v t dung ln nhng kch thc nh.
Cc loi t Tantali hin nay thng ghi r trn n gi tr t, in p cng nh cc ca t.
Cc loi t Tantali ngy xa s dng m mu phn bit. Chng thng c 3 ct mu
(biu din gi tr t, mt ct biu din gi tr in p) v mt chm mu c trng cho s
cc s khng sau du phy tnh theo gi tr F. Chng cng dng m mu chun cho vic
nh ngha cc gi tr nhng i vi cc im mu th im mu xm c ngha l gi tr t
nhn vi 0,01; trng nhn 0,1 v en l nhn 1. Ct mu nh ngha gi tr in p thng
nm gn chn ca t v c cc gi tr nh sau:

T thng v k hiu
vng=6,3V
en= 10V
Xanh l cy= 16V
Xanh da tri= 20V
Xm= 25V
Trng= 30V
Hng= 35V
T khng phn cc

T thng
Cc loi t nh thng khng phn cc. Cc loi t ny thng chu c cc in p
cao m thng thng l khong 50V hay 250V. Cc loi t khng phn cc ny c rt
nhiu loi v c rt nhiu cc h thng chun c gi tr khc nhau.
Rt nhiu cc loi t c gi tr nh c ghi thng ra ngoi m khng cn c h s nhn
no, nhng cng c cc loi t c thm cc gi tr cho h s nhn. V d c cc t ghi 0.1
c ngha gi tr ca n l 0,1F=100nF hay c cc t ghi l 4n7 th c ngha gi tr ca t
chnh l 4,7nF
Cc loi t c dng m

T thng
M s thng c dng cho cc loi t c gi tr nh trong cc gi tr c nh
ngha ln lt nh sau:
- Gi tr th 1 l s hng chc
- Gi tr th 2 l s hng n v
- Gi tr th 3 l s s khng ni tip theo gi tr ca s to t gi tr 1 v 2.Gi tr ca
t c c theo chun l gi tr picro Fara (pF)
- Ch s i km sau cng l ch gi tr sai s ca t.
V d: t ghi gi tr 102 th c ngha l 10 v thm 2 s 0 ng sau =1000pF = 1nF ch
khng phi 102pF
Hoc v d t 272J th c ngha l 2700pF=2,7nF v sai s l 5%
T c dng m mu

T dng m mu
S dng ch yu trn cc t loi polyester trong rt nhiu nm. Hin nay cc loi t ny
khng cn bn trn th trng na nhng chng vn tn ti trong kh nhiu cc mch
in t c. Mu c nh ngha cng tng t nh i vi mu trn in tr. 3 mu trn
cng ln lt ch gi tr t tnh theo pF, mu th 4 l ch dung sai v mu th 5 ch ra gi
tr in p.
V d t c mu nu/en/cam c ngha l 10000pF= 10nF= 0.01uF.
Ch rng ko c khong trng no gia cc mu nn thc t khi c 2 mu cnh nhau
ging nhau th n to ra mt mng mu rng. V d Di rng/vng= 220nF=0.22uF
T Polyester
Ngy nay, loi t ny cng him khi c s dng. Gi tr ca cc loi t ny thng
c in ngay trn t theo gi tr pF. T ny c mt nhc im l d b hng do nhit hn
nng. Chnh v th khi hn cc loi t ny ngi ta thng c cc k thut ring thc
hin hn, trnh lm hng t.

T polyester
T in bin i
T in bin i thng c s dng trong cc mch iu chnh radio v chng thng
c gi l t xoay. Chng thng c cc gi tr rt nh, thng thng nm trong khong
t 100pF n 500pF.

T xoay
Rt nhiu cc t xoay c vng xoay ngn nn chng khng ph hp cho cc di bin i
rng nh l in tr hoc cc chuyn mch xoay. Chnh v th trong nhiu ng dng, c
bit l trong cc mch nh thi hay cc mch iu chnh thi gian th ngi ta thng
thay cc t xoay bng cc in tr xoay v kt hp vi 1 gi tr t in xc nh.
T chn
T chn l cc t xoay c gi tr rt nh. Chng thng c gn trc tip ln bn mch
in t v iu chnh sau khi mch c ch to xong. Tng t cc bin tr hin ny
th khi iu chnh cc t chn ny ngi ta cng dng cc tuc n vt loi nh iu
chnh. Tuy nhin do gi tr cc t ny kh nh nn khi iu chnh, ngi ta thng phi
rt cn thn v kin tr v trong qu trnh iu chnh c s nh hng ca tay v tuc n
vt ti gi tr t.

T chn
Cc t chn ny thng c gi tr rt nh, thng thng nh hn khong 100pF. C iu
c bit l khng th gim nh c cc gi tr t chn v 0 nn chng thng c ch
nh vi cc gi tr t in ti thiu, khong t 2 ti 10 pF.

Cun cm

Tng t nh i vi in tr, trn th gii c mt s loi cun cm c cu trc tng t

nh in tr. Quy nh mu v cch c mu u tng t nh i vi cc in tr.
Tuy nhin, do cc gi tr ca cc cun cm thng kh linh ng i vi yu cu thit k
mch cho nn cc cun cm thng c tnh ton v qun theo s vng dy xc nh.
Vi mi loi dy, vi mi loi li khc nhau th gi tr cun cm s khc nhau. Trong
phn gio trnh ny khng cp c th ti cch tnh ton v qun cc cun cm khc
nhau. Phn ny s c cp c th trong phn sch sau ny.

Mt s cc phng php kim tra thng thng

kim tra cc gi tr t in, cun cm hoc in tr th thng thng mi ngi s
dng cc ng h o a nng. Hin nay, c cc loi ng h o a nng c chc nng o
chnh xc cc gi tr cun cm, t in v in tr, in p, dng in, thm ch xc nh
transitor v it. Chnh v th, trong phn ny, ti khng cp ti cc phng php
kim tra c (khi dng ng h c/kim) nh trc y.

1. Cng tm hiu v Laser

Ty theo ci u laser m mnh chn . Bc sng ca laser c th thy c , c th

khng thy c bng mt thng . Con transistor th c ci g chi ci . Khong my
chc mA l c . in p th em thy ri , 5V .
@ Santak, chn VR trn s c ghi l Test terminer, chc l mt cc ni ra test ch
lm vic ca mch. Nu vi th ngun nui 4V , chn cho ra 1.66V chng t Trans
m tt.
*** Nu khng dng chn PDA s khng c phn hi, cng sut pht laser c th vt
qu ngng lm vic an ton. iu ny rt d xy ra v dng in t cng bm mnh,
laser diode cng dn khe. Nh vy tui th ca laser s rt ngn. Trng hp ny
thng gp cc bt ch laser do Tu sn xut, ch dng c vi gi lin tc l die.
**** Xem hnh t link ca bn, t thy dng diode t mt c ca ghi, ci mt laser
ny c th c thng t giy A4. V vy ht sc cn thn, m mt th c m tin ni
khng li c. Cng nh bn Cooloo cnh bo, mt ln na khng khuyn khch
chi tr ny. Ht sc cn thn ng tia laser chiu vo mt k c phn x qua tm knh
gng vv... . Tuyt i khng dng ci ny chiu vo mt ngi khc.
1. Lm sao bit led hng ngoi cn sng hay cht
vi LED thu lm nh sau Vn thang *10
Phn cc ngc

A nt u vi que
Ka tt u vi que en
dng n PIN chiu vo LED thu c s thay i gi tr in tr in tr gim
Vi LED pht o nh LED thng phn cc thun 1 chiu ln 1 chiu 0 ln
l OK
Nu bi vit c gi tr nh cm n
Cng n gin thi bn sau khi xc nh c cc tnh led pht , bn cung cp ngun pin
1,2 v hoc 1,5v vo led sau dng led thu ( chiu led pht vo led thu ) c ni vi
ng h VOM (nh trn ) xem s thay i gi tr in tr t suy ra led pht sng
hay cht Ch led hng ngoi c phn cc thun nh , nn ngun cung cp ti a l
1,5V. Chc bn thnh cng
Cn nu k c n pin, th c th dng a's n hunh quang hay vt g pht nng cng
c
Bn c th dng camera ca in thoi di dng kim tra led pht.Nhn qua camera th
s thy n pht sng.Cn "Led thu" trong k thut ko c led thu,n l diod quang hay l
io thu quang.
Chc thnh cng nh.
LED pht c th pht hng ngoi nhng cng b gim i, tt nht l th led pht
bn cn c mt con led thu hay quang tr cng c, th khong cch pht kim tra
led pht, so snh vi con chun cn tt.
led thu hng ngoi th bn a tay li gn l n c th dn ri, vy bn c th dng tay
a li gn, ng h thang x100 hay x1k, a tay li gn thy n ln kim l cn tt.
Nh l n lm vic phn cc ngc.

mt vi iu v Schottky diode
Khi Nim
Mt loi diode dng ng, m mch in nhanh vi mt in th kch hot thun nh
khong , 0.15 V to 0.45 V
tn s thp, it thng thng c th d dng kha li (ngng dn) khi chiu phn cc
thay i t thun sang nghch, nhng khi tn s tng n mt ngng no , s ngng
dn khng th nhanh ngn chn dng in sut mt phn ca bn k ngc. it
Schottky khc phc c hin tng ny.
ng Dng
it Schottky c in th kch hot thun nh hn in th kch hot thun ca diode Bn
Dn , 0.15 V to 0.45 V, hu dng trong vic chnh dng in vi mt in th kch hot
nh, n in ti mt cng (Clamping) v ngn nga Trng Si T i vo(saturation)
it Schottky cng hot ng trong vng nghch . v c mt in Dung nh hn in
Dung ca diode Bn Dn . c tnh ny hu dng trong vic ng , M mch in

nhanh hu dng trong nhng B Phn RF nh B Trn (mixers) v B (detectors).

Tnh Cht
A it Schottky dng kim loi bn dn in thay v ch bn dn in thng cho nn khi
dn in ch cn mt in th kch hot nh hn in th kch hot thun ca diode Bn
Dn rt hu dng trong vic ng m mch in cc nhanh
Tc nhanh ca ai t gip cho mch in hot ng tt ti bng tn 200 kHz to 2
MHz (bng tn RadiD) vi mt in Cm, in Tch nh nhng cho ra hiu qu cc
cao
Gii hn ca it Schottky l dng in nhiu (Leak Current) trong vng nghch gy ra
mt mt nng lng nhit tht thot
it Schottky thng gp l 1N5817, Chnh Lu ti 1 A . it Schottky kim loi bn dn
in thng t h ai t TTL 7400, hoc trong h 74S, 74LS and 74ALS dng n
cng in th

Multi-Instrument 3.0 bc no c cho em xin!

Link y n: Bn gii nn v th mc(Folder) no bng cch nhn nt install ca
winrar xong ri v th mc bn s thy th mc vscmi21. Tin hnh ci t bnh thng,
xong ri bn v th mc crack chp tp tin (File) SCMI.exe l xong !
http://joey.fileave.com/vscmi21.exe
Ci phn mm ny cng ch bin ci Computer thnh ci Oscilloscope thng wa ng vo
l ci Sound Card.
Cch s dng nh sau:
Dy th ti t ngh ra nh sau: Bn mua ci dy audio m n c 1 chu cm c ri t ra
hai ci hoa sen. chu cm c bn cm vo ng vo Line In ca Sound Card. Bn v
volume control Double Click vo hnh ci loa gc tri mn hnh. V Options\Properties
Chn Recording ri nh du v Line In ri Ok n hin ln ng vo Line In. Sau khi
hin ln ri nh nh du v Line In chn ng vo Line In. Ri chy chng
trnh,chn Trigger l None, th chm vo mt trong 2 ci hoa sen xem coi c nhiu trn
mnh hin th hay ko. Nu c thy nhiu ngha l bn cm v v chn ng ng vo
ca Sound Card. Dng cc dy kp c su mt dy kp chu gia ci hoa sen, mt dy
kp vo phn cnh ca ci hoa sen. Nh vy l bn cng tm c ci dy probe nghip
d. Nhng trc khi o th th ta nn ni tip mt ci in tr 10k tr ln hn dng,
trnh lm chy ci Sound Card. ci ny th cn ty vo cng tn hiu bn o m chn
in tr hn dng cho ph hp. Ci ny i vi ti xi ch mang tnh tng i v nu o
tn s cao, th tn hiu hin ln b mo dng. Trigger none l cho n tri, repeat l
n hold.

Circuit Inverter : (dit c)

Inverter 100W by IC 4047 + 2N3055 (with PCB)

Circuit Inverter 100W by IC 4047 + 2N3055

This circuit Inverter input 12V (battery 12V)
to out 220V 50HZ, Eesy circuit because less component to use.
It use IC 4047 (oscillator 50HZ) and
Power Transistor 2N3055 x 2 ,OUTPUT Power 100W.

PCB Inverter 100W by IC 4047 + 2N3055

Cho cc bn . nhn bit u l ngun , in p ca mch cng l vn rt hay cho
cc bn mun tm hiu v mch in t sn c nh
Khi c mt mch in t trong tay nhn vo u m bn bit l ngun ca mch( cc
tnh + - ca mch):
* Nu nh bn bit phn tch mch th cng vic ca bn gim i mt na : da vo
cch phn tch ny bn c th chia nh mch ra thnh tng phn ( tng khi) V d : khi
ngun , khi n p ,khi hi tip, khi ra ti
mnh khng i su vo n v cng lc cha thm hu, mnh ch quan tm n cc tnh

ca ngun ci : nhn t IC thng dng ta bit chn ngun t suy ra cc tnh hay
nhn t chn t ha c phn cc => cc tnh ngun , nhn t transistor ta cng bit c
cc tnh ( pnp, npn) , t iot cng bit c cc tnh v..v.. Khi bit c cc tnh th gim
h hng,chy n bt phn no . V d khi khng bit cc tnh ta u ngun vo mch ( c
nhiu ic ) th ton b ic u nng ln ri sau cht ht ta t ht bao nhiu l tin
bn c bit khng . ng cht (IC ) v thiu hiu bit

Cc thng s linh kin dn c bn R, L, C

Thng nghe mi ngi ni, linh kin dn 0805? N l ci g? Xem trong b th vin
orcad, thy my linh kin tr dn, t dn, L dn, n c ghi 0603, 0805, 1206,... n l ci
g vy?
C ai gip lit k bng gi tr ny v cho vi dng gii thch?
l nhng k hiu v cch ng gi linh kin 2 chn, di y l bng kch thc cho
cc package:
* 01005 - 0.016" 0.008" (0.4 mm 0.2 mm)
* 0201 - 0.024" 0.012" (0.6 mm 0.3 mm)
* 0402 - 0.04" 0.02" (1.0 mm 0.5 mm)
* 0603 - 0.063" 0.031" (1.6 mm 0.8 mm)
* 0805 - 0.08" 0.05" (2.0 mm 1.25 mm)
* 1206 - 0.126" 0.063" (3.2 mm 1.6 mm)
* 1812 - 0.18" 0.12" (4.6 mm 3.0 mm)
* 2512 - 0.25" 0.12" (6.3 mm 3.0 mm)
Bng gi tr c cc loi sau:
* i vi t in: 0402,0504,0603,0805,1005,1206,1505,1510,1805,1808,
1812,1825,2005,2010,2213,2220,2225,2611,2815.
* i vi cun cm: 0201,0402,0603,0804,0805,0806,1206,1210,1804,1806, 1812.
* i vi in tr: 0201,0402,0603,0805,1206,1210,1812,1806,1812,2010, 2512.
i vi t loi nh v cu n cm th khng ghi gi tr.
Cn trn t loi to v i n tr th c. Cng ging nh i n tr thng thui, 2 s u l
gi tr, cn s cui cng l s ch s 0.
i vi loi chnh xc th n c 4 s. Loi thng ch c 3.
V d loi thng 221 l 220 ohm.
Tt c cc k hiu 0603,0805,1206....th hin kiu package ca nh sn xut linh kin ( k
hiu v kch thc thng mm). Khng phn bit t in hay in tr, v d kiu
0603 dng cho c hai loi linh kin ny. Ngoi ra cc t ha SMD c kch thc ln hn
th c kiu v l 7343,7343 - 43, 7260 - 38....Cn cun cm th t hn, mi mt NSX h
k hiu mt type ring .
Theo kinh nghim ca ti, ngi thit k nn c mt DataBase ring v linh kin, t cc
LK cng loi theo nhm bn cnh Nh Sn Xut, Gi tr, Link Datasheets, Part Number...
Anh em c g b sung thm nh.!
Ch Ha b nhm ri : 221 = 220 m mi ng .

v d thm vi ci :
103 = 10k
472 = 4,7k
1000 = 100 m
Tt c cc k hiu 0603,0805,1206....th hin kiu package ca nh sn xut linh kin ( k
hiu v kch thc thng mm). Khng phn bit t in hay in tr, v d kiu
0603 dng cho c hai loi linh kin ny. Ngoi ra cc t ha SMD c kch thc ln hn
th c kiu v l 7343,7343 - 43, 7260 - 38....Cn cun cm th t hn, mi mt NSX h
k hiu mt type ring .
Theo kinh nghim ca ti, ngi thit k nn c mt DataBase ring v linh kin, t cc
LK cng loi theo nhm bn cnh Nh Sn Xut, Gi tr, Link Datasheets, Part Number...
Anh em c g b sung thm nh.!
Chc vui v!
Cha chnh xc lm, n vn c 2 h k hiu, mt h k hiu theo n v mil, mt h k
hiu theo n v mm. Cho nn cn phi phn bit r hai h ny.
Vd: con 0805, th bn h mm n k hiu l 2012. Ring ng ch 0201 th bn ny n
thnh 0603. Thng 0603 bn ny, n thnh 1608. Khi nhn thy hng k hiu 1608 v
2012 th bit n l k hiu h mm. Cn cc dng 0603, 0805 th n li theo h mil. C ci
thng d nhm ln, l thng 0603.
Ngun gc xut x ca cc ng ch khc nhau, cho nn cc ng ch tn tui h hng
khc nhau, mc d cc ng ch vn c tay, chn, hai con mt v mt ci l mi.
Ch ny cn ghi ch khi cc bn i mua linh kin khng b nhm ln, nu thy n k
hiu theo kiu no th c theo kiu m tin.
Cc NSX nhn KEMET, VISHAY, AVX, NICHICON u c k hiu bng code cho t
ha v c t khng phn cc SMD.
V d: Mt thng t Solid tantalum ca KEMET c k hiu
T510X477M006AS, y chnh l part number ca NSX. Vy k hiu nh th ny th hin
nhng g.
T : Loi t (T: Tantalum)
510: Loi Ultra Low ESR
X : Case size ( kiu package, nh X, E... ---> tra bng )
477: Hai s u l gi tr tnh t pico, s th 3 l s m = 47x10 m 7
M : Sai s ( M = +/- 20%, nu l K = +/-10%)
006 : in p chu ng ( y l 6V )
A : Failure Rate
S : Lead material ( S = Sn, H = SnPb,...)
Cc hng khc nhau th cng ch khc v th t cc thng s thi, cn hu nh l ging
nhau. Cn khi mnh la chn c linh kin ri th OK ht, trong datasheet c ghi y
thng tin m.
Theo ti, mt cch lm chuyn nghip nht l t xy dng th vin (nh ti dng OrCAD
v PADs th lm library OrCAD Part v PADs Footprint ring) cho chnh mnh. Vic lm
ny s gip b bt nhng linh kin khng cn thit v vic tm kim tr nn d dng hn.
Trong qu trnh lm vic lun lun cp nht vo th vin nu c thm linh kin mi.

@F: Tht ra khng c mt s lin quan ng k no gia cc gi tr kch thc vi gi tr

ca cc linh kin, vi nhng g m ti bit cho n lc ny. . Trong trng hp nu F
cn mt gi tr 47uF/ 16V, trong web ca NSX c nhiu kiu packages cho mt gi tr
ny. By gi ta li hi ti sao h li lm th? V nhng yu cu cho tng mc ch khc
nhau. V d: mt mch ny yu cu chiu cao ti a cho php, mch kia c mi trng
lm vic khc nghit, mch hn ch ti thiu khng gian (mch trong cc my in thoi,
thit b cm tay...), mch c yu cu chnh xc rt cao ca linh kin..v.v. Vy nn, khi
la chn c gi tr tnh ton trong thit k th s c th tm cho mnh mt linh kin
ph hp.
V d, ti thng tnh ton l thuyt cho mch trong sch n khi ---> PCB theo th t u
tin:
1. Gi tr linh kin
2. Kch thc linh kin
3. Gi thnh/ 1 linh kin
.....
Trn y l kin ca c nhn mnh, c nhng g cha hp l mong mi ngi cho
kin anh em c bit!
Chc vui!
Cu tr li ny khng hp l. ng l n qu phc tp v a dng, cn phi tra cu,
nhng n vn c chun. Khng mt h thng sn xut no li lm ba bi c, tt c u
phi c chun ca n. Do vy, cu hi F t ra y l chun ca n nh th no, hoc
mt vi tiu chun ca mt vi nh my lm tham kho.
Vn chun y l chun g? Hng no m khng k hiu kiu v SMD nh th ny
cho my ng R, L, C:0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 1812, 1825, 2220, 2225..(R0402,
R0805, L0603, L0805, C0603...) .Lm nhiu th s nh, mi lm th cha quen tm kim
lu. Cn Part Number v ni dung k hiu th nh ni trn. Cn th vo web ca cc
hng, chn c ch no ok th ly v ---> update vo database ca mnh cho ln sau
phi tm kim (thng tin c ht trong datasheets). Ngi thit k gii bit la chn ti u
cho thit k ca mnh da trn tt c nhng linh kin c sn. Cng vic i tm ci chun
nghe ra cn lm gian nan, khi no mnh m nh my sn xut th i hc hi v ci chun
ca thng Ty ri lm theo n cho hp vi th gii . i vi ti thi gian dng
lm c nhiu vic hn.
"Thit k ----> La chn linh kin"
Hay: "La chn linh kin ---> Thit k"
Cch no tt v kh thi hn ? tng thit k s c thc hin theo cc bc nh th
no? Nu ko tm dc LK th b tay sao ????
Dng thang in tr o kim tra t in
Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng np v h hng ca t
in , khi o t in , nu l t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K
ohm, nu l t ho ta dng thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.

Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm

Php o t gm trn cho ta bit :
*
T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o
*
T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c
*
T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v.

Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho

trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp
m ch yu l b kh ( gim in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc
mc hng ca t ta cn o so snh vi mt t mi c cng in dung.
*
trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung, trong t C1 l t
mi cn C2 l t c, ta thy t C2 c phng np yu hn t C1 =>
chng t t C2 b kh ( gim in dung )
*
Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi ln xem
phng np.