Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Multimedia refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms. This contrasts with
media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or handproduced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video,
or interactive content forms.
Multimedia can be recorded and played, displayed, dynamic, interacted with or accessed by information
content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live
performance. Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia
content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including audio, for example, it has a
broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Hypermediascales up the
amount of media content in multimedia application.
Audiovisual (AV) means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such
as slide-tape presentations,[1] films, television programs, church services and live
theater productions.
Business presentations are also often audiovisual. In a typical presentation, the
presenter provides the audio by speaking, and supplements it with a series of
images projected onto a screen, either from a slide projector, or from a computer
connected to a projectorusing presentation software.
Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing and live broadcast services. [2]
Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing
projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
What is Instructional Media? Instructional media encompasses all the materials and physical means an
instructor might use to implement instruction and facilitate students' achievement of instructional objectives.
This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, overheads, real objects,
and videotape or film, as well newer materials and
.Hypermedia, an extension of the term hypertext, is a nonlinear medium of
information which includes graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks.
This contrasts with the broader term multimedia, which may include noninteractive linear presentations as well as hypermedia. It is also related to the
field
of electronic
literature
Microsoft Flight Simulator is now available for free. The free version includes
tutorials, online and offline play, aircraft, missions on Hawaii. You can pay to
get more aircraft, missions, scenery, and other content.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Internet is increasingly shaping, and being shaped by, users' lives. From cybercafes to
businesses, from middle class houses to squatters settlements, the authors have gathered material
on subjects as varied as personal relations, commerce, sex and religion. Websites are also analyzed
as new cultural formations acting as aesthetic traps. At every point, email chat and surfing are found
to be exploited in ways that bring out both unforeseen attributes of the Internet and the
contradictions of modern life. The material, taken from ethnographic work in Trinidad, adds depth to
earlier discussions about the Internet as an expansion of space, the changes it effects to time and
personhood, and the new political economy of the information age. A tie-in with the book's own
packet" networks.
The world-wide web forms a large directed graph, whose vertices are documents and edges are links
pointing from one document to another. Here we demonstrate that despite its apparent random
character, the topology of this graph has a number of universal scale-free characteristics. We
introduce a model that leads to a scale-free network, capturing in a minimal fashion the selforganization
processes governing the world-wide web.
information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. [1] Hyperlinks present in resources
enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information
provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
The major web browsers are Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Safari
History
The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web
Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus.[5]
The first commonly available web browser with a graphical user interface was Erwise. The development of Erwise was
initiated by Robert Cailliau.
In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first
popular browser",[6] which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person.
Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. [6] The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 one of the first
graphical web browsers led to an explosion in web use. Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at National Center
for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), soon started his own company, named Netscape, and released the Mosaicinfluenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which quickly became the world's most popular browser, accounting for 90% of
all web use at its peak (see usage share of web browsers).
Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's
first browser war. Bundled withWindows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet
Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.[7]
WorldWideWeb for NeXT, released in 1991, was the first web browser.[8]
Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February
2012 according to Net Applications.[9] Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of
overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40
million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console.
In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser
using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable
following while still in the betastage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all
versions) accounted for 7% of browser use.[7] As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share.[9]
Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web
browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market. [9]
The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Chrome, first released in September 2008. Chrome's take-up has
increased significantly year by year, by doubling its usage share from 8% to 16% by August 2011. This increase seems
largely to be at the expense of Internet Explorer, whose share has tended to decrease from month to month. [10] In
December 2011, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer 8 as the most widely used web browser but still had lower usage
than all versions of Internet Explorer combined. [11] Chrome's user-base continued to grow and in May 2012, Chrome's
usage passed the usage of all versions of Internet Explorer combined. [12] By April 2014, Chrome's usage had hit 45%.[13]
Internet Explorer was deprecated in Windows 10, with Microsoft Edge replacing it as the default web browser.[14]
Function
The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing
them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links").
This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into
the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted.
The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP).[17] Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for
the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed
off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application,
and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader.
In the case of http, https, file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it. HTML and
associated content (image files, formatting information such as CSS, etc.) is passed to the browser's layout engine to be
transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as "rendering". Aside from HTML, web browsers
can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio,
video, and XML files, and often have plug-ins to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon encountering a file of
an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save
the file to disk.
Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to
go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of
bringing content to the user begins again.
Features
For more details on this topic, see Comparison of web browsers.
Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to
rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components
to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than
merely "web browsers".[18][19][20]
All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser
windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted
windows from "popping up" without the user's consent.[21][22][23][24]
Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to
them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of
built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of
bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. [25] In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores
and displays the contents of the feed.[26]
Furthermore, most browsers can be extended via plug-ins, downloadable components that provide additional features.
User interface
Some home media devices now include web browsers, like this LG Smart TV. The browser is controlled using an on-screen keyboard
and LG's "Magic Motion" remote.
Most major web browsers have these user interface elements in common: [27]
Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous resource and forward respectively.
A stop button to cancel loading the resource. In some browsers, the stop button is merged with the reload button.
An address bar to input the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the desired resource and display it.
A search bar to input terms into a search engine. In some browsers, the search bar is merged with the address
bar.
A status bar to display progress in loading the resource and also the URI of links when the cursor hovers over
them, and page zooming capability.
The viewport, the visible area of the webpage within the browser window.
Major browsers also possess incremental find features to search within a web page.
Standards support
Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers
led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers
support a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way
by all browsers.
Extensibility
A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser s
"WWW" and "The web" redirect here. For other uses of WWW, see WWW (disambiguation). For other uses of web,
see Web (disambiguation).
The World Wide Web (www, W3) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified
by URIs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.[1] It has become known simply as the Web.
The World Wide Web is the primary tool billions use to interact on the internet, and it has changed people's lives
immeasurably.[2][3][4] Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, and software components that
are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users
tonavigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, may be
called a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactive where users contribute content
or the content depends upon the user or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or
largely for commercial purposes.
British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of the Web.[5] As a CERN employee, Berners-Lee distributed a
proposal on 12 March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. [6][7] The initial proposal intended a
more effective CERN communication system, but Berners-Lee also realized the concept could be implemented
throughout the world.[8] Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext "to
link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", [8] and Berners-Lee
finished the first website in December of that year.[9] The first test was completed around 20 December 1990 and BernersLee reported about the project on the newsgroup alt.hypertext on 7 August 1991.
The fast and relatively low-cost access is one of the major benefits of Internet to people and students all over the
world, as getting an Internet connection is easy. Communication and information are the two basic uses of the
Internet. Information available on websites can be updated or modified at any time and for any number of times,
which helps in learning and better understanding.
Using Multimedia
Arguably, it is believed that visual data has a greater impact on learning and memorizing than plain text. Therefore,
images, graphics, animation, pictures, slides, documentaries, etc., have a greater appeal than a plain textbook.
Using multimedia and Internet provides an opportunity for children to gain knowledge about a particular subject in
depth. Students can now see the actual photographs of rare bird species, or see animated graphics of a volcanic
eruption to understand the concept in detail.
Online Learning
Another positive effect of Internet in education is the onset of distance education or online education (internet-based
training (IBT) or web-based training (WBT)). With this facility, you can take up short-term courses with the course
material available online, attend virtual classes, learn, and appear for exams. One of the benefits of online learning
is that people from any part of the world can gain knowledge on different subjects, complete courses, etc.
Easy Contact
Students can contact other students or their teachers via the e-mail if they have queries about any information.
Sharing of information, discussions on a particular subject, etc., can be easily carried out using the Internet. At the
same time, teachers can also contact parents and guardians easily using Internet.
School/College Projects
Using the Internet can be very useful for completing projects in schools and colleges. As the Internet is an ocean of
information, covering nearly all subjects known to man, one can find information, research work, etc., required for
one's projects. Going through the information on the Internet is definitely faster than reading an entire book on the
subject. Completing homework is also easier with the help of the Internet.
Encyclopedia
Sometimes, an encyclopedia may not always be available to students and they may have difficulty in gaining access
to the books in the library. In that case, the encyclopedia of various subjects available on the Internet can be helpful.
This is more useful for students who belong to communities not having English as their mother tongue. Kids and
younger children can also be benefited by the Internet by using the pictures, videos, etc.
News
All the latest news are constantly updated on the Internet on news websites. Students learning politics, can have an
access to all the current affairs through the Internet. Historical accounts like speeches, biographies, archive videos
and photographs, etc., are also easily available on the Internet in detailed and accurate versions.
Affordable Knowledge
Investing in research material may be tedious and unaffordable for some. But, now, thanks to the Internet, we have
content websites, web encyclopedias, and dictionaries whenever we want them. Today, able as well as less-able
students can be benefited to the sea of knowledge through the Internet. University courses and learning is now easy
for people belonging to all strata of the society with the help of online courses.
Easy Education System
Not only gaining knowledge, but, every part of the education system is simplified because of the Internet. You can
now view your prospective educational institute, look up for courses, enroll to online courses, take classes,
research, see your results, and even look for job prospects on the Internet. Therefore, the scope of Internet in
education is very wide and equal to all.
No Age Bracket for Education
Online courses provide an opportunity for people of all age groups to take up education of their choice, according to
their liking and wish. Be it a student, a housewife, or a professional, they can just start up their computers, connect
to the Internet, and take virtual classes. Therefore, people can now gain knowledge according to their need and time
available. You are, now, never too old or too busy to learn something new.
With these points, we find that the importance of Internet in education cannot be denied, and hence, every student
should be given access to the Internet for deeper understanding and knowledge of a subject. However, lots and lots
of information can be termed as both, advantages and disadvantages of the Internet as students can also have an
access to unwanted or unethical information and sites. Therefore, it is only wise for parents to make students
understand what is good and what not for them, or keep a watch on their surfing (web browsing).
Lastly, although the Internet cannot replace books or classroom education, it is one of the best substitute for those
who wish to gain deeper knowledge on literally every subject under the sun.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2
Topic:
UNDERSTANDING HYPERMEDIA
THE INTERNET AND EDUCATION
GROUP 6
Submitted To:
Submitted By:
Arlene Pogoy
Ehra Mae Molina
Giselle Infiesto
Vincent Ando
BSED-TLE 3