KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

A. L do ch
chn
ti

Bt ng thc v tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht l bi ton lun c mt hu ht

trong cc k thi HSG v tuyn sinh i Hc. Khng nhng th n cn l bi ton hay
v kh nht trong thi.
Trong chng trnh ging dy v hc tp bt ng thc v tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr
nht nh lun l ch hp dn i vi ngi dy ln ngi hc. Vic ging dy
lm sao cho hc sinh hc tt ch ny lun l mt vn kh. Ch ny thng
dnh cho hc sinh gii nn cc bi ton a ra thng hay v kh.
chng minh Bt ng thc v tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nht nh nht c nhiu
phng php, v khng c phng php no l vn nng gii c mi bi ton
cc tr m ch ch c nhng phng php gii c mt nhm cc bi ton m thi.
Mt trong cc phng php kh hiu qu l dng o hm cho hm nhiu bin, t
tng c bn l kho st ln lt tng bin, bng cch xem cc bin cn li l tham s
c nh. Khng c mt thut gii chi tit no cho phng php ny m ch thng qua
v d HS rn luyn t mnh tm ra cch gii quyt nh th no trong tng bi
ton c th v t tm thy s gii cho ring mnh.
V nhng l do trn chng ti vit chuyn ny nhm gip hc sinh c ci nhn
rng hn v phng php s dng o hm trong cc bi ton chng minh BT v
tm GTLN, GTNN.

B. Ni Dung

1. Phng php a v
v
mt bi
bin trong cc bi ton hai bi
bin.

Bi
i gi
gi thi
thit v bi
biu th
thc c
cn tm c
cc tr
tr tm m
mi quan h
h gi
gi chng r
ri
Bin
tm
tm cch t n ph
ph hp l,
l, a bi
biu th
thc cho v
v hm
hm m
mt bi
bin
kh
kho st.

Th d
d 1: Cho x, y l s thc v tho mn x^ + y^ = 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh

nht ca biu thc:

2008g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:
-

b = 2cd e + f e g 3df

cCao
ng kh
khi A, B

T gi thit x^ + y^ = 2 c th a bi ton v mt n khng?

Ta ngh ti hng ng thc: d ^ + f ^ = cd + fg^ 2df ; d e + f e = cd + fgc d ^
df+f2
Khai trin biu thc P c gng lm xut hin x ^ + y^ s dng gi thit.
Bin i biu thc P v th vo d ^ + f ^ = 2 ta c: b = 2cd + fgc d ^ df + f ^ g

3df

T gi thit: cd + f g^ 2df = 2 df =

= 2cd + fgc 2 df g 3df

cstugvw^
^

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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

Vy n y ta c th ngh n vic a c th P v hm mt bin s nu ta t: y = d + f

Cn chn bin t bng cch s dng bt ng thc: d ^ + f ^

Li gi
gii:
Ta c:

cstugv
^

b = 2cd + fgc d ^ df + f ^ g 3df

= 2cd + fgc 2 dfg 3df

Ta c: df =

cstugv w^
^

Ta c: d ^ + f ^

, v th sau khi t y = d + f, th

b cyg = 2y {2

cstugv
^

y^ 2
y^ 2
3
|3
= y e y ^ + 6y + 3
2
2
2

cd + fg^ 4 2 y 2

Xt hm s: b cyg = y e y ^ + 6y + 3 vi 2 y 2
e
^

Ta c: b cyg = 3y ^ 3y + 6
Ta c bng bin thin
t

-2
2

Pctg

Pctg

Vy:

-7
1

max w^;^ cyg = c1g =

e
^

d=
;f =
^
^
khi
te
we
;f =
d=
te

we

minw^; ^ cyg = c2g; c2g = 7; 1 = 7 khi d = f = 1

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TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

Th d
d 2: Cho x, y 0 v x + y = 1. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc:

= c4d ^ + 3fgc4f ^ + 3dg + 25df

2009g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:
-

c
ci h
hc kh
khi D

T gi thit x + y = 1 c th a bi ton cho v mt n khng?

Khai trin biu thc S c gng lm xut hin d + f s dng gi thit.

Ch hng ng thc:

d ^ + f ^ = cd + fg^ 2df

d e + f e = cd + fgc d ^ df + f ^ g

Sau khi khai trin v th vo x + y = 1, ta c: = 16d ^ f ^ 2df + 12

-

Vy n y ta c th ngh n vic a c th S v hm mt bin s nu ta t:

y = df

Cn chn bin t bng cch s dng bt ng thc: 0 df

Li gi
gii:

cstugv

Ta c: = c4d ^ + 3f gc4f ^ + 3dg + 25df = 16d ^ f ^ + 12cd e + f e g + 34df

= 16d ^ f ^ + 12cd + f gc d ^ df + f ^ g + 34df
= 16d ^ f ^ + 12cd + fg^ 3df + 34df
= 16d ^ f ^ 2df + 12

c d + f = 1g

t xy = t. Ta c: do d 0, f 0 0 df

cstugv

c d + f = 1g
=

0y

Xt hm s: cyg = 16y ^ 2y + 12 vi 0 y . Ta c: cyg = 32y 2

Bng bin thin
t

fctg
fctg

12

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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

^
^

Vy: min; cyg = =

khi

d=

d=

^te

;f =

^we

;f =

max ; cy g = d c0g; = d 12;

^we

^te

^
^

khi d = f =

Th d
d 3: Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc:

= 3cd + f + d ^ f ^ g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1
vi x, y l cc s tho mn iu kin: cd + fge + 4df 2.

c
ci h
hc kh
khi B

2009g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:
-

V gi thit l biu thc kh phc tp nn ta khai thc n trc cho gn d s dng

d ^ + f ^ = cd + fg^ 2df
hn. Ch hng ng thc:
d e + f e = cd + fgc d ^ df + f ^ g

v cd + fg^ 4df. Khi iu kin bi ton tr thnh: d + f 1

-

Ta bin i c A nh sau:

= 3cd + f + d ^ f ^ g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1

= ^ cd ^ + f ^ g^ + ^ cd + f g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1
e

cd ^ + f ^ g^ +
e
^

hay

es v tu v

cdo d + f

s vtu v
^

cd ^ + f ^ g^ 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1

2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1

Vy n y ta c th ngh n vic a c th A v hm mt bin s c

khng?cnu ta t: y = d ^ + f ^ g
Cn chn bin t bng cch s dng bt ng thc:d ^ + f ^

Li gi
gii:

cstugv
^

Theo bt ng thc hin nhin: cd + fg^ 4df, nn t

cd + fge + 4df 2 cd + f ge + cd + fg^ cd + fge + 4df 2

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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

cd + fge + cd + fg^ 2
cx+yg-1 cd + fg^ + cd + fg + 2 0
cx+yg - 1 0
^

cdo cd + fg^ + cd + fg + 2 = cd + fg + + > 0, d, fg

Bi ton c a v tm min, max ca:

= 3cd + f + d ^ f ^ g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1
vi x, y tho mn: x+y 1.
Ta bin i A nh sau:
= 3cd + f + d ^ f ^ g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1
=

e
^

cd ^ + f ^ g^ + cd + f g 2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1

cd ^ + f ^ g^ +
e
^

V d ^ + f ^

^
^

cyg

= y2

Ta c bng bin thin:

xy ra khi t =

. Mt khc ta d thy d = f = th =

Tm li: minA =

fctg

Vy min cyg = =

^
^

fctg

s vtu v

2cd ^ + f ^ g + 1

cdo x+y 1g nn d ^ + f ^

Ta c: cyg = y ^ 2y + 1 vi y

cd ^ + f ^ g^ 2cd + f ^ g + 1

cstugv

t y = d + f
^

Suy ra

es v tu v

cdo d + f

hay

khi d = f =

Th d
d 4: Cho hai s thc x, y ckhc 0g thay i tho mn iu kin: cd + fgdf = d ^ + f ^

df
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:

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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

Gv Thi Vn Dun

1
1
+ e
e
d
f

c
ci h
hc kh
khi A 2006g
2006g

T gi thit cd + fgdf = d ^ + f ^ df c th a bi ton v t n hn khng?

Bin i biu thc A, ta c:

cd + fgcd ^ df + f ^ g
d+f ^
1 1 ^
de + fe

=
=
+
=
defe
df
d f
defe

Do gi thit l biu thc m s m trong cc hng t v tri ln hn v phi nn ta

t x = ty th ta c th rt c x hoc y theo t: cd + fgdf = d ^ + f ^ df t x =

ty f =

v wt
v t

; d = yf =

v wt
t

Vy n y ta c th a c th A v hm mt bin t. n y ta kho st hm bin t

l i n c kt qu.

Li gi
gii:

T gi thit, ta c:

cd + f gcd ^ df + f ^ g
1
1
de + fe
d+f ^
1 1 ^
= +
= e+ e=
=
=
defe
d f
d
f
defe
df

t: d = yf

t gi thit cd + fgdf = d ^ + f ^ df cy + 1gyf e = cy ^ y + 1gf ^

do : f =
T

v wt
v t

; d = yf =

Xt hm s:
Ta c bng bin thin:
t

fctg

v wt
t

y ^ + 2y + 1
1 1 ^
|
= + = { ^
y y+1
d f
cy g =

y ^ + 2y + 1
3y ^ + 3
c g

y
=
cy ^ y + 1g^
y^ y + 1
-1

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fctg

Gv Thi Vn Dun

Vy: GTLN ca A l: ^ c1g = 16 khi d = f = .

^

kh
o st l
2. Phng php kh
ln l
lt t
tng bi
bin trong bi ton ba bi
bin.

i v
vi b
bt
ng th
thc nhi
nhiu bi
bin, ta c th
th kh
kho st l
ln l
lt t
tng bi
bin m
mt b
bng

cch ch
chn m
mt bi
bin lm tham s
s bi
bin thin v c
c nh cc bi
bin cn l
li, bi ton
lc ny tr
tr thnh b
bt
ng th
thc m
mt bi
bin. Lun
Lun c tm th
th nhn bi
biu th
thc nhi
nhiu
bi
bin m ta c
cn tm
tm GTLN, GTNN d
di d
dng l mt hm s
s ta s
s dng
c
cng c
c hi
hiu qu
qu trong gi
gii ton l
o hm.
hm.

S
tng qut
Gi
Gi s tm c
cc tr
tr ca bi
biu th
thc ba bi
bin x, y, z: Pcx, y, zg vi i
iu ki
kin T no .
B
Bc 1: Xem Pcx, y, zg l hm theo bi
bin x, cn y, z la h
hng s
s. Kh
Kho st
hm ny tm c
cc tr
tr vi i
iu ki
kin T. Ta
c:
c, , g c, gc c, , g c, gg

B
Bc 2: Xem gcy, zg l hm bi
bin y, cn z l hng s
s. Kh
Kho st hm ny
ny v
vi
i
iu ki
kin T. Ta
c c, g cg c c, g cgg
B
Bc 3: Cu
Cui cng Kh
Kho st hm m
mt bi
bin hcz
hczg vi i
iu ki
kin T tm min,

max ca hm ny.
ny.
 Ta i
n k
kt lu
lun: c, , g c, g cg
c c, , g c, g cg g

Th d
d 5: Cho hai s thc x, y, z l 3 s thc thuc 1; 4 v d f, d . Tm gi tr nh

nht ca biu thc:

2011g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

b=

d
f

+
+
2d + 3f f + + d

c
ci h
hc kh
khi A

Kho st ln lt tng bin nh th no?

Xem P l mt hm theo bin z, con x, y l hng s. Kho st hm s vi iu kin
cho suy ra GTNN ca P, tc l bcd, f, g bcd, fg
- Kho st hm Pcx, yg, y c th a Pcx, yg v hm mt bin khng?
-

Bng cch t n ph y = u a bcd, fg v hm mt bin. Tm GTNN ca hm

s

mt bin
e
- Vy bcd, f, g b cd, fg = bcyg
ee
Li gi
gii:

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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Ta c:

Gv Thi Vn Dun

d
+
+
2d + 3f f + + d

b=

Xem y l hm theo bin z; cn x, y l hng s.

cd fgc ^ dfg
d
f
+
=
b g =
cf + g^ c + dg^ cf + g^ c + dg^
c

Theo gi thit: d f d f 0 nu b 0 df cdo x, y, z 1; 4g

t

Pczg

df

Pczg

min

T bng bin thin:

b bdf =
=

^steu

^te

^ u

stu

t y = , do d f, d v x, y, z 1; 4 nn 1 y 2.
s

Xt hm

cyg =

cyg =

^ v te

w^ cwgtec^ v wteg
c^ v tegv ctgv

< 0, y 1; 2

Suy ra fctg gim trn 1; 2, do b bdf = cyg c2g =

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ee

KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

ng thc xy ra:
Vy: b =

e
ee

= df

y= =2
s

Gv Thi Vn Dun

d = 4, f = 1, = 2

d = 4, f = 1, = 2

Th d
d 6: Cho hai s thc , , l 3 s thc thuc e ; 3. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu

thc:

b=

Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

+
+
+ + +

Kho st ln lt tng bin nh th no?

Xem P l mt hm theo bin a, cn b, c l hng s. Kho st hm s vi iu kin
cho, suy ra GTLN ca P ca, tc l bc, , g c, g
- Xem Pcb, cg l mt hm theo bin c, cn b l hng s. Kho st hm s vi iu kin
cho, suy ra GTLN ca Pcb, cg, tc l c , g cg

- Tip theo kho st hm hcbg suy ra cg

Vy: bc, , g c, g cg

Li gi
gii:
t

bcg =

+
+
+ + +

Xem y l hm theo bin a; cn b, c l hng s.

b cg =

c gc ^ g

=
c + g^ c + g^ c + g^ c + g^

Trng hp 1: v , , ; 3

Suy ra: 0; 0 nn b g 0. Do : Pcag tng trn ; 3

^

b c g b c3g =
+
+
= c g
3+ + +3
cxem gccg l hm theo bin cg
Mt khc
cg =

c 3gc3 ^ g
3

+
=
0
c + g^ c + 3g^ c + g^ c + 3g^

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TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

Do : gccg gim trn ; 3

3
3
1
1
+
+
= cg
c g =
3 + 3 + 1 10
3
cxem hcbg l hm theo bin bg
Ta c
c g =

Ta c bng bin thin:

b

c1 gc1 + g
3
3

=
c3 + 1g^ c + 3g^ c3 + 1g^ c + 3g^
1

hcbg

hcbg
Suy ra c g c1g =

Vy: bc, , g bc3, , g b 3, , b 3, 1, =

Trng hp 2: v , , ; 3

T kt qu ca trng hp 1, ta c: bc, , g

Mt khc:
b c, , g b c, , g =
=

khi = 3; = 1; = .

c gc gc g
0
c + gc + gc + g
bc, , g

8
5

Vy d = , xy ra khi v ch khi c, , g = 3, 1, ; , 3, 1 ; 3,

, 1

Th d
d 7: Cho ba s thc dng , , tho mn iu kin: abc + a + c = b
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KHM PH PHNG PHP S DNG O HM TRONG BI

TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:

b=

2008
2008g
08g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

Gv Thi Vn Dun

2
2
3

+
^ + 1 ^ + 1 ^ + 1

c
c thi GV gi
gii t
tnh
nh

T gi thit abc + a + c = b c th a bi ton v t n hn khng?

t
- Bin i gi thit + = c1 g > 0 : ta c =
, c th a P v 2 bin
w
-

cchn bin: < g

Khi : b = vt + cvtgc vtg 2 + vt c0 < < g

^

^ctgv

Vi bi ny suy ngh khm ph hm s nh th no? Ta nhn biu thc P l hm mt

bin a, cn c xem nh hng s.

^
e
Kho st hm bin a l fcag vi 0 < < suy ra cg t v + vt = cg
Tip tc kho st hm gccg vi c0, +g suy ra cg
Vy: cg c g =

Li gi
gii:

Bin i gi thit thnh:

+ = c1 g > 0 <

Thay vo biu thc P ta c:

b=

Xt hm s:
Ta c

cd g =

+
1
=
1

3
2c + g^
2
+
+
2
^ + 1 ^ + 1 c ^ + 1gc ^ + 1g

2
2c + g^
3
= ^
+ ^
2+ ^
^
+ 1 c + 1gc + 1g
+1

1
cd + g^
1
+
1 0 < d < y c > 0g
^
^
^
d + 1 cd + 1gc + 1g

cdg =

2cd ^ + 2d 1g
=0
c1 + d ^ g^ c1 + ^ g

d = + ^ + 1 0,

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Bng bin thin:

x

fcxg
fcxg

cdg cd g =

= 2 c g +

Ta c

Bng bin thin:

c

gccg
gccg

cg

1 + ^

2
3
3

+ ^
= cg
+ 1 1 + ^ + 1
2c1 8 ^ g

c1 + ^ g^ c3 + 1 + ^ g

= =

0
+

fcd g

Khi : T bng bin thin

c0, +g

cg c g =

, =

^
^

, = 2 y d =

=0

gc g

T bng bin thin suy ra: cg c g

Vy vi

Gv Thi Vn Dun

10
3

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TON TM CC TR CA HM NHIU BIN

Gv Thi Vn Dun

Th d
d 8: Cho ba s thc dng , , tho mn iu kin: 21ab + 2bc + 8ca 12. Tm gi
tr nh nht ca biu thc:
1 2 3
b= + +

c
c thi Olympic
Olympic 30/4

2004g
2004g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

Vi bi ny suy ngh khm ph hm s nh th no? cc th chuyn theo n mi c

khng?g
- C th biu din biu thc P v gi thit cho n gin hn khng?

- Nu t: d = , f = , = bi ton chuyn thnh bi ton l g?

C th chuyn bi ton sao cho t n c khng?

^stu

- T gi thit: 2d + 8f + 21 12df
d >
^suw^
u
-

Khi : d + 2f + suw = cdg

^stu

Kho st hm fcxg xem y l tham s c nh. Ta c: cdg cd g = 2f + u +

e^u vt
^u

= cfg

Tip tc kho st mt bin gcyg

Ta i n kt lun: cdg cfg

Li gi
gii:
t:

T:

d=

1
1
1
, f = , = d, f, > 0; 2d + 8f + 21 12df = d + 2f + 3

2d + 8f + 21 12df

T biu thc S suy ra c:

d + 2f +

2d + 8f
7
d >
12df 21
4f

2d + 8f
= cdg
4df 7

cd g = 1

14 32f ^
=0
c4df 7g^

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d = d =

Bng bin thin:

x

fcxg

e^vt

fcxg

, +

Gv Thi Vn Dun

fcd g

Khi : T bng bin thin

9 32f ^ + 14
cdg cd g = 2f +
+
= cfg
4f
2f
cf g =

c8f ^ 9g32f ^ + 14 28
4f ^ 32f ^ + 14

t: y = 32f ^ + 14 th phng trnh cfg = 0

=0

c8f ^ 9g32f ^ + 14 28

y e 50y 122 = 0 y = 8 f =
y

gcxg

gcxg

0
+

T bng bin thin suy ra: cfg

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5
15
cfg =
4
2

Vy vi:
f=

Gv Thi Vn Dun

, d = 3, =

^
e

= , = , =

e
^

y =

Th d
d 9: Chng minh rng nu , , l di 3 cnh ca tam gic c chu vi bng 3

Tm gi tr nh nht ca: = 3c ^ +^ + ^ g + 4

Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

Bi ton cn chng minh cha 3 n a, b, c v tho mn + + = 3. Hy suy ngh

bin i = 3c ^ + ^ + ^ g + 4 sao cho t n hn?
e
- T gi thit: + + = 3 + = 3 , + > 1
^
-

Khi : = 3c3 g^ + 3 ^ + 2c2 3g

Tch ab v tng a + b = 3 c gi cho cc em ngh n bt ng thc no?

Khi 3c3 g^ + 3 ^ + 2c2 3g

+ ^
3 ^
=

2
2
ew ^

Kho st hm mt bin fccg i en kt qu.

Ta i n kt lun c g c1g = 13

= e ^ +
e
^

^
^

= cg

Li gi
gii:

Do vai tr bnh ng ca a, b, c nn ta c th gi s: 0 <

Chu vi bng 3 nn + + = 3 + = 3 , + > 1

Ta bin i: = 3c ^ + ^ + ^ g + 4 = 3c ^ + ^ g + 3 ^ + 4
Mt khc:

Do :

= 3c + g^ 2 + 3 ^ + 4 = 3c3 g^ + 3 ^ + 2c2 3g

t ^
^

ew ^

c2 3g

ew ^
^

c2 3g < 2 3 < 0

3c3 g^ + 3 ^ + 2c2 3g

Xt hm s: c g = e ^ +
e
^

^
^

, y 1;
e

e
^

ew ^
^

= e ^ +
e
^

^
^

= cg

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Gv Thi Vn Dun

c g = 3 ^ 3 = 0 = 1

Bng bin thin

c

fccg

fccg

13
Khi : T bng bin thin suy ra

c g c1g = 13

Suy ra cg c1g = 13 khi = 1, = 1, = 1

Vy min P =13 khi c = 1, a = 1, b = 1.

d + f + = 4
df = 2

Th d
d 10: Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tho mn iu kin sau:
Chng minh rng:

2004g
Ho
Hot
ng khm ph:

183 1655 d + f + 18

c
c thi Olympic Ton THPT Vi
Vit Nam

Biu thc b = d + f + i xng vi ba n x, y, z. Bin i P theo d + f +

, df, df + f + d nh th no?
- Ta c b = d + f + = cd ^ + f ^ + ^ g^ 2cd ^ f ^ + f ^ ^ + ^ d ^ g
-

= c4^ 2cdf + f + dgg^ 2cdf + f + dg^ 2dfcd + f + g

Vi mi quan h trn, chuyn P theo bin mi nh th no?

t y = df + f + d v t gi thit d + f + = 4; df = 2 ta c b = 2cy ^ 32y +

144g

Tm iu kin theo n mi nh th no?

^
^
T cc iu kin i vi x, y, z ta c f + = 4 d; f = s do y = d c4 dg + s
Tm iu kin i vi n x v chuyn iu kin theo n t.
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 2 s dng y, z ta c
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Gv Thi Vn Dun

cf + g^ 4f c4 dg^ d e 8d ^ + 16d 8 0 cd 2gcd ^ 6d +

40
-

3 5 d 2

Xt hm s ycdg = dc4 dg + s trn on 3 5; 2, ta c y cdg =

^

T vic xt du ca y cdg trn on 3 5; 2, ta c 5 y

Kho st hm s b = 2cy 32y + 144g trn 5 y
^

w
^

183 1655 d + f + 18

 Bi t
tp
ngh
ngh

d, f, 0
 Cho
d+f+=1
Tm GTLN ca = d ^ f + f ^ + ^ d

w^cswgcs v wswg
sv

w
^

v suy ra

p s
s: min = ^ df d = e , f = 0, =

^
e

 Cho x, y, z l s thc tho mn d ^ + f ^ + ^ = 2. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc:

b = d e +f e + f e 3df
p s
s: max b = 22 df d = 2, f = = 0

min b = 22 df d = 2, f = = 0

 Cho d > 0, f > 0, d > 0 v tho mn iu kin d + f + = 1.

Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:

b = df + f + d 2df

 Cho , , 1; 2. Chng minh rng:

 Tm GTNN ca:

p s
s: min b = ^ df d = f = =

1 1 1
c + + g + + 10

^ ^

|
{
+

+
+
+

^ ^

p s
s: min = 2 df =
Cho , , 0; 1. Chng minh rng

+
+
+ c1 gc1 gc1 g 1
++1 ++1 ++1
=

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Cho d > 0, f > 0, d > 0 v tho mn iu kin d + f +

Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:

b =d+f++

C. Kt lu
lun

1 1 1
+ +
d f

p s
s: min b =

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e
^

df d = f = =

18