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Approaches to

Curriculum Designing

Introduction:
As a teacher, one has to be a
curriculum designer, curriculum
implementor and curriculum
evaluator . These threefold
functions are embedded in the
teaching profession.

Objectives:
At the end of the presentation, the students
are expected to:

identify some familiar curriculum designs


and approaches to the designs,
familiarize oneself on the different types
of curriculum design models
analyze the approaches in the light of how
these are applied in the school setting.

Activity:
Title: How well do you know me?
Instructions:
Pick one strip of paper and define the
word which you have chosenf.
Without looking at your book and
dictionary, define the word using a word,
phrase or a sentence.
Write your answers on the manila paper
provided for you.
Discuss your answers in front after 5
minutes.

Types of Curriculum
Design Models
Subject Centered Design

I.

Centered
design
corresponds
mostly on textbooks
Focuses on the content of the
curriculum
Aim for excellence in the subject
matter content

I. Subject Centered Design


Subject Design

A.

Oldest and the most familiar


design for teachers, parents,
laymen and advocates.
Easy to deliver
Complementary books are written
& support instructional materials
are commercially available

I. Subject Centered Design


B. Discipline Design
Focuses on

academic disciplines
Learned through a method which
the scholars use to study a
specific content in their fields
Often used in college

I. Subject Centered Design


C. Correlation Design
Links

separate subjects designs


in order to reduce fragmentation
Subjects are related to one
another but each maintains its
identity

I. Subject Centered Design


D. Broad Field Design/ Interdisciplinary
Prevent the compartmentalization of
subjects & integrate the contents that
are related to each other
Sometimes called holistic curriculum
-Broad field design draws around
themes and integration

Types of Curriculum
Design Models
II. Learner Centered Design
Among

the
progressive
educational psychologists, the
learner is the center of the
educative process.

II. Learner Centered Design


A.

Child centered design

Anchored on the needs and interest


of the child
Learner learns by doing
Learners interact with the teachers &
environment
Collaborative effort between teachers
& students on planning lessons

II. Learner Centered Design


B. Experience centered design
Believes that the interests and needs
of learners cannot be pre-planned
Time is flexible and children are free
to make options
Activities revolve around different
emphasis such as touching, imagining,
relating & others

II. Learner Centered Design


C. Humanistic design
Development of self is the ultimate
objective of learning
It considers the cognitive, affective,
and psychomotor domains to be
interconnected and must be addressed
in the curriculum

Types of Curriculum
Design Models
III. Problem Centered Design
Draws on social problems, needs,
interest, and the abilities of the
learners
Emphases on life situations,
contemporary life problems, areas of
living & many others

III. Problem Centered Design


A.

Life situation design

Pressing immediate problems of the


society and the students existing
concerns are utilized
The connection of subject to real
situations increase the relevance of
the curriculum

III. Problem Centered Design


B. Core problem design
Centers on general education and the
problems are based on human
activities
Central focus includes common
needs, problems and concerns of the
learner

How will a particular


design be approached
by a teacher?

Child or Learner Centered


Approach
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Acknowledge
and
respect
the
fundamental rights of the child.
Make all activities revolve around the
overall development of the learner.
Consider the uniqueness of every
learner in a multicultural classroom.
Consider using differentiated instruction
or teaching.
Provide a motivating supportive
learning environment for all the learner.

Subject Centered Approach


1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

The primary focus is the subject


matter.
The emphasis is on bits and pieces of
information which may be detached
from life.
The subject matter serves as a means
of identifying problems of living.
Learning means accumulation of
content, or knowledge.
Teachers role is to dispense the
content.

Problem Centered Approach


1.

2.

3.

The learners are capable of directing


and guiding themselves in resolving
problems, thus developing every learner
to be independent.
The learners are prepared to assume
their civic responsibilities through
direct
participation
in
different
activities.
The curriculum leads the learners in the
recognition of concerns and problems in
seeking solutions. Learners are problem
solvers themselves.

Application
Activity: Reflect on Me
Instruction:
Pick one statement and reflect on it.
What do you think and feel about it?
Discuss your opinion with your own
group and after 5 minutes one
representative from your group will
share your answer to the class.

Statement No. 1 Schools that approach


the curriculum as subject centered,
make robots out of the students.
Statement No. 2 In schools where child
centeredness is the approach,
discipline is weak.
Statement No. 3 Students are too young
to solve lifes problem, why should they
do problem solving in school?

Concluding Activity
Identify what kind of design and approach
are utilized in the following
descriptions.

Only students who master the subject


content can succeed.
Students are encouraged to work
together to find answers to their task.
No learner is left behind in reading,
writing and arithmetic.
School means survival of the fittest.
Teachers extends class because the
children have not mastered the lesson.

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