Introducing Charts and

Graphs

BY:
GINGER LUTCHMAN-BAIJURAM

What is a chart?
A chart is a graphical representation of data.
In these cases the data is represented by symbols.
Symbols such as bars, lines and slices can be used.
These symbols are used in Bar Graphs, Line Graphs

and Pie Charts respectively.

What is a chart?
A chart can represent different things including

tabular and numeric data.

Charts can be used to represents numerical graphs

as well as maps, cartograms and pedigree charts.

In this lecture numerical graphical representation

will be investigated.

Graphs and Charts

Graphs have:

TITLE- overall description

AXIS- labelled with information about graph variables
KEY- only if multiple information is presented on graph
PRESENTATION OF THE DATA.

Bar Graph
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with

rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the

values that they represent.
A bar graph displays information in a way that helps

us to make generalizations and conclusions quickly

and easily.

Bar Graph
Bar charts usually have label axis with categories on

the X-axis (e.g. Type of juice) and numbers on the Yaxis (e.g. Number of Students)
This graphs helps us conclude students favourite

juices

Bar Graph
One must note: Bar graph columns are separated at

all times.
There are several types of bar graphs including:

Vertical/ Column
Horizontal
Comparative /Stacked
Clustered / Grouped

Vertical Bar Graphs

Vertical Bar Graphs are the most popular bar graph

used. It is seen below:

Data is displayed

vertically

Horizontal Bar Graphs

In Horizontal Bar Graphs the data is displayed as

seen below:

Comparative/ Stacked Bar Graph

In Comparative/ Stacked Bar Graphs the data is

displayed as seen below:

In this graph multiple set of data is placed on each

other to give an overall analysis.

Clustered / Grouped Bar Graphs

Clustered / Grouped bar graphs allow for data to

be easily compared to each other in various
categories in one simple diagram.

Histogram
A histogram is similar to a bar graph as it compares

and contracts data.

Unlike a bar graph however, histograms are
connected and have no spaces between the data sets:

Line Graph
A line chart or line graph is a type of chart which

displays information as a series of data points

connected by straight line segments.

Line Graph
This type of graph show relationships between two

changing variable.
It can be used for many different data sets on one
graphical display as seen below:

Line Graph-Best Fit

Scientist use a method of best fit for graphs with

scattered information.
Line of best fit are used to determine a trend in these
situations.

Scatter Plot
In a scatter plot graph data is displayed as a

collection of points.
These points are used to do different types of
analysis e.g. correlation (positive / negative)

Pie Chart
A pie chart (circular graph) is

circular chart divided into

segments illustrating
numerical proportions.
These systems uses the arc
length of the circle to
represent the data need to be
represented.

Pie Chart
There are several variation of pie charts some of

which includes:
3D Pie Charts

Doughnut Chart