Cutting Tool Applications

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Lin h:
thanhlam1910_2006@yahoo.com hoc frbwrthes@gmail.com

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Cc chng sp ti
Loi b kim loi
Vt liu lm dao tin
Phng php loi b kim loi
Kh nng gia cng ca kim loi
Gia cng im n
Dao tin ng knh ngoi v hot
ng
Phng php tin ng knh
ngoi v my mc
Tin rnh v to ren ngoi
To hnh v nh bng
Qu trnh to l
Mi khoan v thao tc khoan
Cc phng php khoan v my mc
Thao tc doa th v my mc
Doa tinh v to ren trong
Gia cng nhiu im
Dao phay v cc my mc
Phng php phay v my mc
Chut v hot ng chut
Ca v hot ng ca
Qu trnh mi mn
mi v cc thao tc
Phng php mi v my mc
Mi th v mi tinh
(Mi nghin v mi khn)

Chng 11
Doa tinh v tin
ren trong
11.1 Gii thiu
Khoan xon khng to cc l khoan tinh v c kch tht
chnh xc, cho nn ngi ta thng s dng mt s loi dao
doa tinh gia cng kch tht cui cng v hon thnh quy
trnh ct. Dao doa tinh khng to ra l, n ch m rng l c
khoan hoc c doa th trc . N s ct n 0.0005 "kch
thc dao v hon thnh n 32 micro inch.
Mc d dao doa cacbua rn v mi cacbua c nhiu kch
tht v kiu khc nhau, nhng thng thng, chng u c
lm bng thp tc cao (HSS). Dao doa kp mnh thng
thng c phn loi theo s v kch tht k t, vi kch
tht c mt phn inch hoc milimet. Chng c nhiu kch c
ng knh khc nhau.
Ren c s dng cho nhiu mc ch v cc ng dng
trong ngnh gia cng kim loi. Chng c s dng gi
hoc buc cht cc b phn li vi nhau (c vt, bu lng v ai
c), v truyn ng (vt dn hng di chuyn hp chy dao
trn mt my tin). Cc ren cng c s dng cung cp
hoc kim sot chuyn ng chnh xc (cc trc chnh trn
Panme), v s y c hc (vt p nng vt nng).

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Khi nh ngha ren, ngi ta phi xt hai nh ngha ring bit l ren ngoi (vt hoc
bu lng) v ren trong (ai c).
Ren ngoi l mt mnh vt liu hnh tr c mt rnh xon c u hoc c hnh
thnh xung quanh n. Ren trong c nh ngha l mt ming vt liu c mt rnh xon
c xung quanh phn bn trong ca l hnh tr. Chng ny s tho lun v ren trong v
tapping, mt thao tc to ra cc ren trong.
11.2 Doa tinh
Doa tinh c nh ngha nh mt qu
trnh gia cng c s dng mt dao tin c rnh
xon nhiu li ct lm mn, m rng hay
chnh xc ha kch thc ca l c. Doa tinh
c thc hin bng cc loi my ging nh
khoan.
Dao doa l mt cng c ct quay vi mt
hoc nhiu yu t ct c s dng m rng
kch thc v ng vin l c hnh thnh
trc . Phi s h tr cho n trong qu trnh gia
cng. Thao tc doa tinh c biu din trong hnh
11.1.
11.2.1 Danh mc dao doa
Cu to c bn v danh php ca dao doa c biu din trong hnh 11.2. Hnh minh
ha cho thy cc loi dao c s dng nhiu nht cho cc l ln n 1", c gi l dao
doa kp mnh.
Dao doa rn hu nh thc hin tt c quy trnh gia cng vi mt trc c vt 45
. Cc rnh dn hng cho dao doa v ci thin phn no quy trnh ct tinh. V vy, dao
doa khng nn c s dng di chuyn (ly i) nhiu vt liu.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.2: Cu trc v danh php ca dao doa gia cng kiu rnh thng.
Trc (axis): trc l ng thng tng tng m qua dao doa quay gia cc tm.
cn (back taper): cn l mt s st gim nh ca ng knh, t trc ra sau
dc theo chiu di rnh ca dao doa.
Thn (Body): thn l: 1) phn ng knh y ca dao doa, bao gm cnh vt
(chamfer), cht khi ng v gc vt (bevel), 2) cc thnh phn ch yu cho mt tp
hp cc li dao doa, thng bao gm c chui (cn dao, shank).
Cnh vt (chamfer): Cnh vt l phn ct gc u vo ca dao doa.
Chiu di cnh vt (chamfer length): chiu di cnh vt l chiu di ca cnh vt
c o song song vi trc ti li ct.
Gc h cnh vt (Chamfer Relief Angle): Gc h cnh vt l gc h ng trc gc
ngoi ca cnh vt. N c o bng cch chiu vo trong mt phng tip xc vi phn
ngoi vi gc ngoi ca cnh vt.
Khong h (Clearance): Khong h l khng gian c to ra bi khe h pha sau
lui ct hoc mp dao doa.

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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Lui ct (cutting edge): Lui ct l cnh pha trc ca khong ct rnh theo hng
quay khi gia cng.
Cc rnh (Flutes): Cc rnh l cc khe dc c hnh thnh trong thn ca dao doa
ng vai tr l li ct, cho php chip i qua, v cho php cht lng ct n li ct.
Chiu di rnh xon (Flute length): chiu di rnh xon l chiu di ca cc rnh
xon khng k n phn chui dao (cn dao).
Khong ct rnh (land): khong ct rnh l phn ca dao doa gia cc rnh lin k.
Mp (Margin): mp l phn khng h ca phn ngoi vi ca khong ct rnh tip
gip vi li ct.
C (neck): C l phn ng knh gim li ni chui vi thn, hoc kt ni cc phn
khc nhau ca dao doa.
Chiu di ton phn (Overall Length): chiu di ton phn l chiu di cc i ca
ton b dao doa t u ny n u kia, nhng khng bao gm cc tm bn ngoi hoc c
vt ni rng.
Chui (Shank): chn l mt phn ca dao doa gi v iu khin dao.
Chui thng (Straight shank): Chui thng l chui hnh tr.
Chui cn (taper shank): chui cn l mt chui c to ra khp mt ng ni
cn c bit (hnh nn) .
11.2.2 Cc loi ca dao doa
Dao doa c ch to vi ba hnh dng rnh v tt c l tiu chun.
Cc rnh thng: Cc dao doa rnh thng thch hp cho hu ht cng vic v t tn km nht,
nhng khng nn s dng nu c nhng ng ni rnh an xen hoc s gin on khc
trong l.
Xon c tay phi: Dao doa rnh xon c phi to iu kin cho thao tc gia cng t do hn
v c xu hng nng chip ra khi l. Khng nn s dng chng gia cng ng hoc
nhm mm v nhng dao doa ny c xu hng ko vo l.
Xon c tay tri: Dao doa rnh xon c tri i hi nhiu p lc hn tin, nhng c th
ct mn v c th c s dng gia cng cc vt liu mm, dnh, bi v chng c khuynh
hng y ra t l khi tin. ng s dng cc dng c ny gia cng cc l cn (khng
c li ra) v chng y chip vo l.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Tt c cc dao doa c s dng to ra cc l trn tru v chnh xc. Mt s c iu
khin bng tay, v mt s khc c iu khin bng my.
Dao doa my
Doa my c s dng trn my khoan v
my tin gia cng th v tinh. Dao doa
my c nhiu loi nh chui hnh cn ,
hoc thng, v cc rnh thng hay xon c.
Dao doa chui hnh cn (hnh 11.4) khp
trc tip vo trc chnh, v dao doa chui
thng, thng gi l dao doa kp mnh,
khp vo trong my khoan.
Dao doa cu (Rose Reamers): dao doa cu
l mt loi dao doa my ch ct cnh vt
450 (gc vt) c t trn mi. Thn ca
dao doa cu mng manh (khong 0.01 inch
trn inch chiu di chng dnh trong
qu trnh gia cng. Dao doa ny khng ct
mt l trn tru v ni chung c s dng

Hnh 11.3: Phng php xc nh dao doa

tay tri v tay phi.

lm l di c vi phn nghn inch. Bi v dao doa cu gia cng mt l di kch tht

danh ngha 0.001 n 0.005 inch, dao doa tay c s dng ct tinh l n kch tht
cn thit. Tt c cc dao doa tay c chui hnh vung v khng c s dng v thao tc
vi my.
Hnh 11.4: Dao doa chui
hnh cn rnh thng mi
cacbua. (Vi s gip
ca: Cng c ct Morse)
Dao doa c rnh: Dao doa c rnh l cc dao doa my c s dng hon thnh l
khoan. Loi dao dao ny loi b kim loi t hn so vi dao doa cu. Dao doa c rnh c
nhiu li ct hn dao doa cu v do c th gia cng mt l trn tru hn. Cc dao doa c
rnh ct trn ct u b vt hoc cc mt bn. Chng cng c sn di dng cacbua rn
hoc cc tm lt cacbua cho rng ct.
Dao doa cn lp (Shell reamer): Dao doa cn lp gm hai phn: u doa v cn lp. Khi s
dng, u doa c gn trn cn lp. u doa c th thuc loi hnh cu hoc c rnh. Cn
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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

c th thng hoc hnh cn. Dao doa cn lp c quan tm v n c nhiu li ch, bi v
ch cn thay u doa khi n b mn hoc h hng.

Hnh 11.5: Cn lp cng vi hai u doa, mt HSS v mt loi mi

cacbua khc. (Vi s gip ca: Cng c ct Morse)

Dao doa tay

Dao doa tay l dao doa tinh c nhn bit qua hnh vung trn chui ca chng. Chng
c iu khin bng tay vi mt tay quay khp vo hnh vung ny (xem hnh 11.7). Loi
mi doa ny ch ct bng cc li ct bn ngoi. u ca dao doa tay c vut hi nhn
d nh hng trong l khoan. Chiu di ca cn thng bng ng knh ca dao doa.
Hnh 11.6: Dao doa tay hng tri xon c,
dao doa tay chui vung khng th c iu
khin in. (Vi s gip ca: Cleveland
Twist khoan Greenfield Industries)

Khng c quay dao doa tay bng in v phi khi ng n ng v chnh xc. Chng
khng nn loi b hn 0,001 "n 0,005" vt liu. Dao doa tay c ng knh t 1/8 "n
hn 2 inch v thng c lm bng thp carbon hoc thp tc cao.
Dao doa tay hnh cn: dao doa tay hnh cn l dao doa tay c ch to doa mi cn
kch tht tiu chun. Chng c dng gia cng cc l hnh cn th hoc tinh. Cng
ging nh dao doa tay thng, loi dao doa ny nn c s dng cn thn v khng nn
iu khin bng my.
Dao doa iu chnh c (hnh 11.8a): dao doa iu chnh c s dng to ra l bt
k kch tht no trong phm vi ca dao doa. Hai ai c iu chnh t ti mi u ca li

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

dao di chuyn li ny. Dao doa tay iu chnh c c ng knh t n 3 inch.
Mi dao doa c khong iu chnh c 64 inch trn v di ng knh danh ngha ca n.
Doa doa tay m rng (hnh 11.8 b): dao doa tay m rng ging nh dao doa tay iu chnh
c nhng c khon iu chnh gii hn 0.010 inch. Dao doa tay m rng c c iu
chnh u ca n. Khi xoay, c iu chnh ny p vo cc nt cn bn trong ca dao doa,
m rng ng knh ca n. Dao doa m rng cng c loi dng cho my.
Hnh 11.8: (a) Dao doa
tay iu chnh c. (b)
Dao doa m rng c
chn vung. (Vi s
gip ca: Cng c
ct Morse)

Mt s ch v dao doa:
V dao doa l cc cng c ct tinh chnh xc, chng ta nn dng chng cn thn:
Cc dao doa cn c ct gi trong tng hp ring bit trong hp ng dao trnh
nh hng n li ct.
Trong qu trnh doa tinh lun dng cht lng ct, ngoi tr khi gia cng gan.
Khng c quay ngc dao doa, nu khng li ct s b cn.
G hoc kha trn li ct phi c di chuyn i bng mi ti du trnh ct
l qu kh.
11.2.3 iu kin vn hnh
Trong qu doa tinh, tc v bc tin rt quan trng, vic loi b vt liu v s nh
hng phi c xem xt to c cc l khng vt nt.
Tc doa tinh: Tc doa tinh bng my c th thay i ng k ph thuc mt phn vo
cc vt liu c doa, loi my, chnh xc v s hon thin cn thit. Ni chung hu ht
doa tinh bng my c thc hin tc khong 2/3 tc khoan trn cng vt liu.
Bc tin doa tinh: Bc tin doa tinh thng cao hn nhiu so vi khoan, thng chy t
200 n 300% bc tin khoan. Bc tin qu thp c th dn n mi mn dao doa qu
mc. Lc no bc tin cng phi cao cho php dao doa tinh ct ch khng phi ch
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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

xt hoc nh bng. Bc tin qu cao c th lm gim chnh xc ca l v gim cht
lng ca quy trnh ct tinh. tng c bn l s dng tc cao n mc c th v vn
cn to ra c chnh xc v cht lng ct tinh cn thit.

Hnh 11.7: Tay quay c s dng gi dao doa tay ct tinh l khoan. (Vi s gip
ca: Cleveland Twist khoan Greenfield Industries)
Vt liu c ly i: Vi cng mt l do, vt liu khng cho doa tinh c th dn n s
nh bng ch khng phi ct. Tht kh khi qut ha v giai on ny v n c lin
quan cht ch vi cc loi vt liu, bc tin, mc hon ho c yu cu, su ca
l v kh nng chip ca dao doa. i vi dao tinh bng my. 0.010 inch trn l inch,
0.015 inch trn l inch, ln n 0.25 inch trn l 1 n inch c v l im khi u tt.
i vi doa tinh bng tay, phm vi di chuyn vt liu c php nh hn nhiu, mt phn
v c kh khn trong vic buc dao doa i qua vt liu. Phm vi cho php thng thng t
0.001 inch n 0.003 inch.
S nh hng: Trong thao tc doa tinh l tng, tt c cc b phn nh trc chnh, dao
doa, ng lt, v l c gia cng phi nh hng hon ho. Bt k s thay i no so vi
xu hng ny cng tng mi mn ca dao doa v lm gim i chnh xc ca l. L
nhn kiu hnh cn, qu kh, hoc hnh chung c th l do nh hng khng tt. i khi
nhng tc ng xu ca vic nh hng sai lch c th c gim thng qua vic s dng
cc holeder t la hoc iu chnh c. i khi nu ngi s dng mi dao doa tinh n
c cn nh cng c th gip khc phc nh hng ca s sai lch.
S rung ng: S rung ng xut hin trong thao tc doa c th nh hng xu n tui th
dao v s ct tinh l. Rung ng c th l kt qu ca mt s nguyn nhn, chng hn nh:
* Tc qu ln.
* Qu nhiu khong h trn dao doa.
* Thiu vng trong khun hoc my.
* Khng an ton trong t chc cng vic.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

* S nh ra qu nhiu ca dao doa hoc trc chnh.
* Phi qu nh.
11.2.4 Thao tc doa tinh
Thao tc doa tinh c th c thc hin trn my tin, khoan v cc cm u my.
Doa tin: Doa tinh trn my tin ch c th c thc hin bng cch gia dao doa v tr
sau hoc trong u khoan i vi dao doa chui thng hoc trc tip trong trc sau i
vi dao doa chui hnh cn (xem hnh 11.4). Phi c gia cng c th c gi trong
ngm hoc dn trn tm phng. Trong trng hp my tin rvonve, dao dao ch c th
c dng trong turret lc gic.
i khi, cc reamer c gi trong cc holder t la trong sau. Nhng holder ny
cho php dao doa t ng tm trn l c khoan trc . Cc l su (ln hn ba ln
ng knh khoan) c khuynh hng chy ra ngoi. Dao doa s khng chnh xc trong
iu kin ny v l phi c doa nu s nh hng quan trng.
Doa my khoan: doa trong my khoan cng i hi dao doa c gi ng trc vi mt
u khoan (drill chuck) i vi cc dao doa my chui thng, hoc trc tip trnn trc vi
dao doa chui hnh cn (xem hnh 11.4). Phi c gia cng c gi trong mt bn kp v
c chnh tm trn bn khoan.
Doa tinh trn my tin c thc hin bng cch quay phi v gi dao ng yn,
trong khi doa tinh trn my khoan c thc hin bng cch quay dao doa v gi phi
ng yn. Cc u t la c th c dng trn my khoan cng nh my tin.
Hnh 11.9: Thao
tc tin ren trong
t ng in hnh
vi b t o
ngc. (Vi s
gip

ca:
Tapmatic Corp)

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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.10: Danh php dao tin

ren v ren.
Doa tinh cm u my: Doa tinh trn cm u my kh ph bin. Cc dao doa thng c
gi trong turret lc gic hoc trong n cng c t ng. Cc cch b tr thng phc tp
hn trong khi tc v bc tin c lp trnh trc.
11.3 To ren trong
To ren trong c nh ngha l: Mt qu trnh to ra cc ren bn trong bng cch s dng
mt cng c (dao tin ren) c rng ngoi vi ca n to ra cc ren bn trong l c
khoan. Chuyn ng quay v dc theo trc kt hp gia dao tin ren v phi hnh thnh nn
cc ren.
11.3.1 Danh mc dao to ren
Cc ren c nhiu kch thc khc nhau.Trong gia cng hin i, chng ta cn phi c kin
thc thc t v cc thut ng v ren. Renthun l ren i hi phi quay sang phi hoc

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

theo chiu kim ng h sit cht n. Ren nghch l ren i hi phi quay sang bn tri
hoc xoay ngc chiu kim ng h sit cht n. "Khp ren" l khon cht hoc lng
lo gia cc ren n khp bn ngoi v bn trong. "Chui ren" l mt nhm ng knh v
bc c phn bit vi nhau qua s ren trn mt inch c p dng cho mt ng knh
c th. Hai chui ren c s dng ph bin trong ngnh cng nghip l chui th v tinh,
c k hiu l UNC v UNF. Danh mc dao to ren c trnh by bn di.
Cnh vt (Chamfer): Cnh vt l s thun nhn ca cc ren u trc ca mi
khong ct rnh ca dao ct ren tinh, dao ct ren trong, hoc die (mt loi dao tin c nhiu
l, phi a vo cc l s c to ren) qua vic ct b v lm gim chp ca vi rng
u tin phn phi thao tc ct trn vi rng.
Chp (Crest): Chp l b mt ca ren ni sn ren v cch xa nht hnh tr hoc
hnh nn m ren nh ra t n.
Sn(Flank): Sn l phn ca b mt ren xon c ni chp v chn, v v mt l
thuyt n l mt ng thng trong phn mt phng ng trc.
Rnh(Flute): rnh l cc khe dc c hnh thnh trong dao tin rnh to ra cc
li ct trn bin dng ren v cung cp khng gian chip v cho cht lng ct i qua.
Gc un cong (Hook Angle): gc un cong l gc nghing ca mt mt lm, thng
c chia thnh "un cong dy" hoc "un cong tip tuyn."
Khong ct rnh(land): Khong ct rnh l mt trong cc phn c to ren gia
cc rnh ca dao tin ren.
Bc ren (Lead of Thread): Bc ren l khang cch m mt ren tin ng trc v
trc trong mt vng hon chnh. Trn dao tin ren mt u mi, bc (lead) v khu
(pich) ging nhau. Trn dao tin ren nhiu u mi, bc ren bng nhiu khu .
ng knh ln (Major Diameter): y l ng knh ca hnh tr hoc hnh nn
ln, ti mt v tr nht nh trn trc tip gip vi chp ca ren ngoi hoc chn ca ren
trong.
ng knh nh (Minor Diameter): ng knh nh l ng knh ca hnh tr
hoc hnh nn nh, mt v tr nht nh trn trc tip gip vi chn ca ren ngoi hoc cc
chp ca mt ren trong.
ng knh hiu dng (Pitch diameter): ng knh hiu dng l ng knh ca mt
hnh tr hoc hnh nn o, ti mt im nht nh trn trc ng knh nh th v v tr ca
trc ca n, b mt ca n s i qua ren theo kiu no lm cho sn ren v rnh ren
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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

bng nhau, v nh vy, c nm cch u gia cc hnh tr hoc hnh nn ln hoc nh r
nt ca mt dng ren nht nh. Trn mt ren hon ho v mt l thuyt, cc rng ny
bng mt na khu c bn (o song song vi trc).
im xon c (Spiral Point): im xon c l s xoc gc trong mt ct ca khong
ct rnh ti u vt. N to mt gc vi trc ca dao tin ren i din vi trc quay. Chiu
di ca n thng ln hn chiu di cnh vt v gc ca n i vi trc dao tin ren thng
c to ln hng chip v trc dao tin ren. Dao tin ren c th c hoc khng c
cc rnh dc.
vung (Square): vung l bn mt phng iu khin song song vi trc trn chn dao
to ren hnh thnh nn vung hoc vung vi gc trn.

Hnh 11.11: Mt s kiu v hnh dng dao tin ren trong. (Vi s gip
ca: Greenfield Industries)
11.3.2 Cc loi dao tin ren

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Cc dao tin ren tay: Ngy nay dao tin ren tay c s dng c bng tay v trong tt c
cc loi my. y l thit k dao tin ren c bn: bn rnh thng, dng u vi hoc y.
Kch thc inh vt nh c nh s l tiu chun trong hai v ba rnh, ty thuc vo kch
thc.
Nu cn gia cng kim loi mm v dai, hoc gia cng cc l ngang, cn phi s dng
hai hoc ba dao tin ren trong rnh xon kch thc ln hn. Cc khng gian rnh ln hn,
nhng dao tin ren trong yu hn. c bit loi hai rnh c tit din rt nh.
Chip c hnh thnh bi nhng dao tin ren ny khng th ra ngoi, do , chng
tch ly trong cc khng gian rnh xon. iu ny gy ra thm ma st v l nguyn nhn
chnh lm dao tin b hng.
Dao tin ren trong mi xon c: dao tin ren trong mi xon c hoc "sng" c
ch to ging nh dao tin ren tay chun ngoi tr mi ca n. Mt du gch cho l nn
trong mi rnh xon c ti mi ca dao tin ren trong. iu ny km theo mt vi iu:
* Dao tin ren trong kiu sng c t rnh xon (thng l ba), v chng thng nng hn.
iu c ngha l dao tin ren trong mnh hn.
* Cc chip b p i v trc dao tin ren thay v tch ly trong cc rnh xon, nh dao tin
ren plug.
* Do hai yu t ny, dao tin ren trong mi xon c thng c th chy nhanh hn dao tin
ren tay, v gim gy dao ng k.
Trong nhiu trng hp, dao tin ren sng c thay th bng dng tiu chun trong
cng nghip, c bit l cho cc l trng u h trong thp v nhm nh. C hai loi dao
tin ren thng thng v mi xon c c ch to mi kch tht, c c theo n v mt.
Dao tin ren trong rnh xon c: dao tin ren y rnh xon c c ch to theo
kiu thng thng v xon c nhanh, tc l, vi gc xon ln hay nh. i khi chng c
gi l dao tin ren trong "rnh xon c". Nhu cu s dng cc loi dao tin ren trong ny
tng ln ng k v chng y chip ra khi l v to ra cc ren tt khi gia cng kim loi
mm (v d nh nhm, km, v ng), nhng cng lm vic tt trong kim loi Monel, thp
khng g v thp c. Chng c ch to mi kch tht ln n 1 1/2 "v theo n v
mt ln n 12 mm.

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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.12: (a) Dao tin ren trong mi xon c c thay th

bng dao tin ren trong 'tiu chun' trong nhiu trng hp. (b)
Dao tin ren trong y rnh xon c (Vi s gip ca: Cng
c ct Morse).
Khi cc dao tin ren tiu chun khng gia cng hiu qu, nu c nhiu nhm, ng, gang
hoc thp khng g cn to ren trong, cc nh sn xut c th cung cp cc loi dao chuyn
dng "tiu chun" s lm vic tt hn.
Dao tin ren ng: Dao tin ren ng a nng c s dng to ren cho nhiu loi kim loi
c cha st v khng cha st. Tt c dao tin ren ng c cung cp vi cnh vt ren 2 1/2
3 1/2. Kch thc danh ngha ca dao tin ren ng l kch tht ca ng khp c to ren
trong, ch khng phi kch thc thc ca dao.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.13: Dao tin ren trong

ng rnh xon c v tay quay
kiu T. (Vi s gip ca:
Cng c ct Morse)

Dao tin ren ng ren mi l tiu chun theo American Standard Pipe Form (NPT) v
American Standard Dryseal Pipe Form (NPTF). Cc ren NPT cn dng mt cht hn nh
bng Teflon, hoc hp cht ng. Dao tin ren ai c c s dng to ren cc ch khp
to ra ch ni cht m khng dng cht hn.
Dao tin ren khng xon c: Dao tin ren khng xon c (Hnh 11.14) khng ging cc dao
tin ren, ngoi tr cc ren xon c. Cc dao tin ren ny khng trn. Chng c to hnh
gia cng ngi kim loi t vch l thnh dng ren khng c chip. Dao tin ren khng
xon c ban u c thit k s dng trong cc hp kim nhm, ng v km. Tuy
nhin, n ang c s dng thnh cng trong thp nh v mt s loi thp khng g. V
vy, rt cn kim tra s dng ni BHN di 180. Chng c sn nhiu kch c, bao
gm c cc ren theo n v mt.
Loi dao tin ren trong ny rt mnh v c th gia cng nhanh gp hai ln cc loi khc, tuy
nhin, kch tht ca l trc khi c to ren phi khng ln hn ng knh khu
(pitch diameter) ca ren.To ren lnh thng c ct tinh tt hn v ct ren mnh hn. Cn
phi s dng du ct, v hai u l cn c khot bi v dao to ren lm tung kim loi ln
c hai u.
Cc dao tin ren ng knh thay i c: Cc dao tin ren ny co nh ng knh li khi
n cui qu trnh ct. V vy, khi c s dng trn bt k my tin no, chng c th
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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

c ko tr li nhanh chng. Chng c ch to vi kch tht ln n 1 inch, trong c
cc ren my v ng. Chng s dng 3-6 "dao tin ren" ring bit phi c mi nh mt tp
hp. Holder dao tin ren v cc die c bit lm cho t hp ny tng i t tin, nhng
n l kinh t cho cng vic sn xut trung bnh v cao.

Hnh 11.14: Dao

tin ren trong khng
xon c gia cng
lnh cc ren. (Vi
s gip ca:
Cng ty cng c
Weldon)

11.3.3 Cc ty chn hot ng

Mt s ren, c ngoi v trong, c th c ct vi mt cng c im n nh c chng
minh trc y. Tuy nhin, ngi ta thng s dng die hoc dao tin ren trong v n
nhanh hn v chnh xc hn.
Dao tin ren trong c ch to vi nhiu kiu, nhng mt vi kiu thc hin 90% cng
vic. u ct ca dao tin ren trong c thc hin trong ba cn khc nhau.
"Dao tin ren dng cn" khng thng xuyn c s dng ngy nay. Thnh thong, n
c s dng ct th nu kim loi kh tin ren trong. u c vt nhn khong 5
cho mi cnh, to ra tm ren tng phn.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.15: Cm dao tin ren thu

nh t tin hn nhng kinh t
hn cho cc hot ng sn xut
tc cao v trung bnh. (Vi s
gip

ca:
Greenfield
Industries)

"Dao tin ren u" l kiu dao c dng c l khong 90% thi gian. Vi dng hnh hc
thch hp ca li ct v cht bi trn tt, dao tin ren u thc hin hu ht cc cng vic
cn thit. u c vt nhn 8 trn mt cnh, to ra bn hoc nm ren khng hon
chnh.
"Dao tin ren y" ch c s dng cho cc l cn trong ren phi chy xung ti gn
y l. N ch c 1 1/2 n 3 l khng hon chnh. Nu l c th c khoan su hn,
khng cn dng dao tin ren y. Dao tin ren u phi c s dng u tin, tip theo l
dao tin ren y.
Tt c ba loi dao tin ren cui c to t cc cn ging nhau. Kch thc, chiu di, v
tt c cc php o tr cn u ging nhau.
Vt liu dng cho dao tin ren trong thng l thp tc cao trong M1, M2, M7 v i
khi thp tc cao coban seri M40. Mt vi dao tin ren trong c lm t cacbua vonfram
rn.
Hu ht dao tin ren ngy nay c ren mi. Vic mi c thc hin sau khi lm cng v
lm cho cng c ct chnh xc hn nhiu. Dao tin ren trong "Ct ren" c sn trn th
trng vi gi thnh thp vi mt s kiu mu v kch tht.
11.3.4 Cc thao tc tin ren trong
Cng ging nh thao tc doa tinh, tin ren trong c thc hin trn my tin, khoan v cc
cm u my. Mt thao tc tin ren trong nhiu l trn mt chi tit c biu din trong
hnh 11.16.
18 Tooling & Production/Chapter 1
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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.16: Thao tc tin ren trong t ng trn mt chi tit. (Vi s gip
ca: Tapmatic Corp)

Mi khoan l ren: R rng, cc dao tin ren y khng th ct l ring ca chng.

Do , mt l kch thc thch hp phi c to ra trc khi dao tin ren trong c s
dng. Thng thng, l ny c khoan.Mi khoan l ren khng phi l mt loi mi
khoan c bit. Mi khoan l ren ch l mt cch thun tin cp n vic khoan kch
tht thch hp trc khi dng dao tin ren trong. Kch tht mi khoan l ren da trn
75% ren c cho trong cc bng tham kho. Hin nay trong nhiu cng ty, tit kim
dao tin ren trong, thi gian v ph phm, ngi ta s dng 60 n 65% ren xc nh
kch thc mi khoan l ren. Cc mi khoan v thao tc khoan c tho lun trong
chng 9. S kt hp gia mi khoan v dao tin ren trong c biu din trong hnh 11.17
v c s dng thc hin ng thi c hai thao tc v tin ren trong.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.17: Dao tin kt hp khoan v tin ren trong c s

dng cho khoan v tin ren trong mt ln i qua (Vi s gip
ca: Cng c ct Morse)
L c to ren cng su hn, thi gian khoan v to ren trong cng di v dao
tin ren trong cng c kh nng b gy.Nu c qu t ren gi bu lng, cc ren s ln. Mt s
ni no gia c chiu su bt khp ren cc tiu gi cho bu lng gy trc khi ren
h. y c gi l chiu su ti u. Khoan to ren trong phi su trong cc l cn
cho php t hai n nm ren vt nhn trn dao tin ren trong cng vi khong trng chip,
cng vi im khoan.
Holder cng c: Holder cng c tin ren trong bng tay c gi l 'tay quay'
Chng ging nhau i vi c dao tin ren trong v dao doa (xem hnh 11.7 v hnh 11.13.),
bi v hu ht cc dao tin ren trong c chui vung. Tay quay c th iu chnh c v c
th c s dng cho mt s kch tht khc nhau ca dao tin ren trong. Khi cc dao tin
ren trong c s dng trong my khoan hoc cc cm u my, mt b ly hp loi trt,
c mt u o ngc c s dng. Nhng u tin ren trong ny(Hnh 11.18) c th
c thit lp nu gp phi mt vt knh trong kim loi, b li hp trt v dao tin ren
trong s khng gy. Chng c thit k sao cho khi tay vn hoc chu trnh my iu
khin s bt u hung ln, s quay s o ngc (v thng nhanh hn) a dao tin
ren an ton ra khi l.
Hnh 11.8: Cc
u dao tin
ren trong c
bit vi loi
o
ngc,
trt c s
dng
trong
my khoan v
cc cm u
my. (Vi s
gip ca
Tapmatic
Corp)

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Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.19:Ct ren ngoi

c thc hin vi cc
die v u ct ren t m .
(Vi s gip ca:
Greenfield Industries)

S kp cht: S kp cht cho tin ren trong ging nhau i vi mi my khoan hoc
my tin: kp, m kp, v.vl cn thit. cn phi nh v dao tin ren trong ng tm v
hng thng vo l. iu ny kh khn trong tin ren tay nhng tng i d trong tin ren
bng my. iu khin s c bit c hiu qu, v n s nh v trn mt l, bt k khi n
c khoan, nu n c khoan t cng mt loi dao tin ren trong v cng mt cch b
tr. Tin ren im n c tho lun trong chng 6. S ct ren hoc to ra ren ngoi cng
c thc hin vi cc die v cc u ct ren t m . Hnh 11.19 cho thy mt s u die
v dao ren khun c s dng to ren ngoi.
Bi trn: Cc li ct c dao tin ren trong v die c chn vi trong vt liu, du
bi trn kh cn thit. i vi nhm, du m c s dng, cc kim loi khc cn nhng
loi du bng lu hunh, i khi c th l cc loi du clo ha. Hnh 11.20 biu din thao
tc tin ren trong vi mt h thng nh lng cht lng t ng cho cc cm u my.
n v Automiser c biu din y nh lng cht bi trn / lm mt qua u tin ren
trong mt cch t ng, trong khi u trong trc quay ca my. Cc hp kim ng c
nhum mu bng lu hunh, v vy cn phi s dng du khong hoc du ha tan. Gang
thng tin ren m khng cn cht bi trn. C mt s cht lng tng hp dng cho tin
ren trong trn th trng ngy nay. Chng hi t hn nhng chng c th to ra cc ren tt
hn v dao t gy hn.

Chap. 1: Cutting-Tool Materials

Hnh 11.20: Thao tc tin ren trong Multihold vi h thng

lm mt / bi trn t ng. (Vi s gip ca: Tapmatic
Corp)

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