June Thanatcha

Kam Pitiporn
Nokyung Kalyakorn
Nuk Arisara
Nun Chutinun
Sept.17th,2015
Section 11-06

Thin Layer Chromatograghy lab

Abstract
Chromotography is a way to use for separating mixture of compound and identify the
mixture. In this experiment use chromatography for testing and identifying 2 unknown
samples by compare to the Rf value of 4 samples.Which Rf values can be find by measuring
the distance from the start line divide by the distance solvent of each sample. Each compound
have specific Rf value so that Rf value can determind the unknown sample like in the
experimemt that the Rf value of sample 1 exactly like the value of the unknown 1, which
means they were the same compound.

Purpose
The object of this experiment was to identify the unknown sample by recording the
Rf values of known sample from distance in chromatography paper.

Introduction
The chromatography began in early twentieth century(1). In that time, it have many
ways to seperate mixtures for example Distillation, which is boiling the to seperate the
mixture in the liquid. Different mixture, also use different amount of time such as seperate a
salt from the water. Another technique is Centrifuge, which is a machanical tool that spinning
very high speed to seperate the mixter like cream and milk, sand and water.(2)
Chromatography is the thing that use to separate the mixture from the chemical. By using the
chromatography paper to separate. The substance that was dropped on this paper will diffuse.
And it will be the result.The chromatography can do by first, dropping the solution on to the
chromatography paper for the easier to observe and then dip the chromatogaphy paper in the
solvent and then the solvent will move up to the chromotography and will be appear as the

colored bars on the chromotography paper the result of separating the mixture by the
chromotography paper could tell the number of substances in the homogeneous substace that
is a mixture.

Data
distance component

distance solvent

sample 1

1.1cm

8.0cm

sample 2

0.5cm

8.0cm

sample 3

1.2cm

8.0cm

sample 4

3.3cm

8.0cm

unknown 1

1.1cm

8.0cm

unknown 2

0.6cm

8.0cm

Discussion
Normally, Chromatography have two way usage which are identify the unknown
sample and separate the mixture by distributing. In this experiment use chromatography in
order to idenfy the unknown sample by using chromatography paper. The chromatrography
plate need to be above the level of the developing solvent because if it below the level of the
developing solvent it will disolve together with the solvent. And the result from this
experiment showed that unknown 1 have Rf same as the sample 1 so these are the same
substance. Both of them are same because they have the same dissolve distance from the start
point. The formula to find Rf value is distance component traveled from the start line dived
by distance solvent traveled from the start line. For example; find the Rf value, If the solvent
front moves 8.0 cm and a component in a sample being analyzed moves 3.2 cm from the
baseline. Then, Rf 3.2/8.0 is equal 0.4.

Conclusion

As a conclusion based from the information from the analyzing results, the results
from this experiment shows that the unknown 1 is the same substance as the sample 1
because both of them have the same Rf value. However, there was an error occured in
measuring the distance of the sample for collecting the data. The colour of all the sample
were fade and their shape seemed like a mirror so that some answers werent accurate.
For the unknown 2, it cannot be identified. When measuring the distance of unknown
2, it take 0.6 cm from the start line so the Rf value is 0.075. After the calculation,the Rf value
of the sample1-4 are 0.1375, 0.0625, 0.15, and 0.4125(respectively) and unknown 2 did not
match with any samples.

References
(1)CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS. (2014, January 6). Retrieved from
https://web.njit.edu/~kebbekus/analysis/4CHROMAT.htm
(2)Separating Mixtures. (2015, September 5). Retrieved from
http://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/separating_mixtures.php