Do An Qua Trinh Thiet Bi

n mn hc Qu Trnh v Thit B
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
MC LC
LI M U.................................................................................................................... 5
CHNG I : TNG QUAN................................................................................................. 6
Gii thiu v nguyn liu........................................................................................... 6
I.
1.
Methanol............................................................................................................ 6
1.1.
ng dng..................................................................................................... 6
1.2.
Sn xut....................................................................................................... 6
2.
Nc.................................................................................................................. 6
3.
Hn hp Methanol nc...................................................................................... 7
II. L thuyt v chng ct.............................................................................................. 8

1.
Khi nim........................................................................................................... 8
2.
Cc phng php chng ct................................................................................... 9
3.
1.2.
Phn loi theo p sut lm vic.........................................................................9
2.2.
Phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic......................................................................9
3.2.
Phn loi theo phng php cp nhit y thp.................................................9
Thit b chng ct................................................................................................. 9
CHNG II: THUYT MINH QUY TRNH..........................................................................12

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh............................................................................. 12
I.
II. Ch thch cc thit b trong qui trnh.........................................................................12

CHNG III: TNH CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG............................................14
Cc thng s ban u............................................................................................. 14
I.
II. Cn bng vt cht.................................................................................................. 14

1.
Nng phn khi lng ca methanol trong thp...................................................14
2.
Sut lng mol ca cc dng................................................................................15
III. Xc nh t s hon lu thch hp.............................................................................15

1.
T s hon lu ti hiu......................................................................................... 15
2.
Phng trnh ng lm vic s mm l thuyt........................................................16
IV. S mm l thuyt................................................................................................... 17
S mm thc t..................................................................................................... 17
V.
1.
Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :........................................................17
2.
S mm thc t ca thp NTT:............................................................................... 18
VI. Cn bng nng lng............................................................................................. 19

Page 1
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG IV: TNH KCH THC THP V MM..............................................................22

NG KNH THP............................................................................................ 22
I.
1.
ng knh on ct........................................................................................... 22
2.
ng knh on chng:..................................................................................... 24
II. Chiu cao thp chng ct........................................................................................ 27

1.
Chiu cao ca thp.............................................................................................. 27
2.
Chiu cao y (np)............................................................................................ 27
III. Mm l - tr lc ca mm....................................................................................... 28
1.
Cu to mm l.................................................................................................. 28
2.
Tr lc ca a kh............................................................................................. 28
3.
Tr lc do sc cng b mt...................................................................................29
4.
Tr lc thu tnh do cht lng trn a to ra...........................................................30
5.
Tng tr thu lc ca thp................................................................................... 32
6.
Kim tra hot ng ca mm................................................................................ 33
CHNG V: TNH C KH............................................................................................... 33

B dy thp.......................................................................................................... 33
I.
1.
Thn thp......................................................................................................... 33
2.
y v np........................................................................................................ 35
II. B dy mm......................................................................................................... 36
1.
Cc thng s cn tra v chn phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton.....................................36
2.
Tnh b dy....................................................................................................... 37
III. Bch ghp thn y v np....................................................................................... 38

IV. Chn thp........................................................................................................ 38
1.
Tnh trng lng ton thp..................................................................................39
2.
Tnh chn thp.............................................................................................. 39

Tai treo thp......................................................................................................... 40
V.
VI. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b - bch ni cc b phn ca thit b vi ng dn......................40

1.
ng nhp liu.................................................................................................... 40
2.
ng hi nh thp............................................................................................ 41
3.
ng hon lu..................................................................................................... 42
4.
ng hi y thp............................................................................................. 42
5.
ng dn lng ra khi y thp.............................................................................. 43
VII. Knh quan st....................................................................................................... 44

Page 2
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG VI: TNH THIT B PH.................................................................................... 45

Tnh chiu cao bn cao v:....................................................................................... 45
I.
1.
Tn tht ng ng dn:..................................................................................... 45
2.
Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:................................................46
3.
Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:.........................................48
II. Chn bm............................................................................................................ 50

1.
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:...................................................................51
2.
Kt lun........................................................................................................... 52
III. Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:............................................................................. 53

1.
Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:.............................................53
2.
Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................53
3.
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:..........................................................54
4.
Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:........................................................................55
5.
H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:..........................................................................55
6.
Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 56
IV. Ni un gia nhit sn phm y:...............................................................................57

1.
Sut lng hi nc cn dng :.............................................................................58
2.
3.
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc:...................................................................59
4.
Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:........................................................................59
5.
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y:............................................................60
6.
Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 60
V.
Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh:............................................................................61

1.
Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:..............................................62
2.
3.
Kim tra sai s................................................................................................... 66
VI. Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y:................................................67

1.
Nhit dng nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:................................67
2.
3.
Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 72
VII. Thit gia nhit nhp liu :........................................................................................ 73

1.
Sut lng hi nc cn dng :.............................................................................73
2.

Page 3
3.
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 77
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................................. 78
Page 4
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
LI M U
Mt trong nhng ngnh c s ng gp to ln n ngnh cng nghip nc ta ni ring
v th gii ni chung, l ngnh cng nghip ha hc. c bit l ngnh ha cht c bn.
Hin nay, trong nhiu ngnh sn sut ha hc cng nh s dng sn phm ha hc, nhu
cu s dng nguyn liu hoc sn phm c tinh khit cao phi ph hp vi quy trnh sn
sut hoc nhu cu s dng.
Ngy nay, cc phng php c s dng nng cao tinh khit: trch ly, chng ct,
c c, hp thu Ty theo c tnh yu cu ca sn phm m ta c s la chn phng
php thch hp. i vi h Methanol - Nc l 2 cu t tan ln hon ton, ta phi dng
phng php chng ct nng cao tinh khit cho Methanol
n mn hc Qu trnh v Thit b l mt mn hc mang tnh tng hp trong qu
trnh hc tp ca cc k s ho- th c phm tng lai. Mn hc gip sinh vin gii quyt
nhim v tnh ton c th v: yu cu cng ngh, kt cu, gi thnh ca mt thit b trong
sn xut ho cht - thc phm. y l bc u tin sinh vin vn dng nhng kin
thc hc ca nhiu mn hc vo gii quyt nhng vn k thut thc t mt cch tng
hp.
Nhim v ca n Mn Hc (AMH) l thit k thp chng ct h Methanol - Nc
hot ng lin tc vi nng sut nhp liu : 1500 kg/h c nng nhp liu l 20% mol
methanol ,thu c sn phm nh c nng 94% mol methanol
Em chn thnh cm n cc qu thy c b mn My & Thit B, cc bn sinh vin
gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh hon thnh n khng th
khng c sai st, em rt mong qu thy c gp , ch dn.
Page 5
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG I : TNG QUAN

I.
Gii thiu v nguyn liu

1. Methanol
Methanol cn gi l methyl alcohol, alcohol g, naphtha g hay ru mnh g, c cng

thc ho hc CH3OH(thng vit tt l MeOH). y l ru n gin nht, nh, d bay
hi, khng mu, d chy cht lng vi mt mi c trng, rt ging, nhng hi ngt hn
ethanol (ru thng). nhit phng, n l mt cht lng phn cc, v c s dng
nh mt cht chng ng, dung mi, nhin liu, v nh l mt cht lm bin tnh cho
ethanol
1.1.
Phn t lng:
Khi lng ring:
Nhit nng chy:
Nhit si:
nht:
ng dng
32,04 g/mol
0,7918 g/cm3
-970C (1760K)
64,50C (337,80K)
0,59Ns/m2 200C
Methanol c dung lm cht chng ng, lm dung mi, lm nhin liu cho ng c
t trong, nhng ng dng ln nht l lm nguyn liu sn xut cc ho cht khc.
Khong 40% methanol c chuyn thnh forml dehyde, t sn xut ra cht do,
sn, Cc ho cht khc c sn xut t methanol bao gm dimeylete,
1.2.
Sn xut
Methanol c sinh ra t s trao i cht ym kh ca 1 vi loi vi khun. Kt qu l 1

lng nh hi methanol c to thnh trong khng kh. V sau vi ngy khng kh c
cha methanol s b oxy hoa bi O 2 di tc dng ca nh sang chuyn thnh CO 2 v H2O
theo phng trnh
2CH3OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
Hin nay methanol c sn xut bng cch tng hp trc tip t H 2 v CO, gia nhit
p sut thp c mt cht xc tc.
2. Nc
Nc l mt hp cht ha hc ca oxy v hidro, c cng thc ha hc l H2O. Vi cc
tnh cht l ha c bit (v d nh tnhlng cc, lin kt hir v tnh bt thng ca khi
lng ring) nc l mt cht rt quan trng trong nhiu ngnh khoa hc v trong i
Page 6
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
sng. 70% din tch ca Tri t c nc che ph nhng ch 0,3% tng lng nc trn
Tri t nm trong cc ngun c th khai thc dng lm nc ung.
Trong iu kin bnh thng: nc l cht lng khng mu, khng mi, khng v nhng
khi nc dy s c mu xanh nht.
Khi ho rn n c th tn ti dng 5 dng tinh th khc nhau
Tnh cht vt l:
Khi lng phn t:

Khi lng ring d40C:
Nhit nng chy:
Nhit si:
18 g/mol
1 g/mol
00C
1000C
Nc l hp mt hp cht chim phn ln trn tri t (3/4 din tch tri t l nc

bin) v rt cn thit cho s sng.
3. Hn hp Methanol nc
Ta c bng cn bng lng hi cho hn hp methanol nc 1 atm
Bng 1
T0C
100
92,3
87,7
81,7
78
75,3
73,1
71,2
69,3
x
y
0
0
5
26,8
10
41,8
20
57,9
30
40
66,5 72,9
50
77,9
60
82,5
70
87
y
X l thnh phn lng
Y l thnh phn hi
Page 7
67,
5
80
91.
5
66
90
95,
8
64,
5
100
100
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
120
100
80
Nhit
Thnh phn lng
60
Thnh phn hi
40
20
0
1
10
11
12
Biu th hin s thay i nhit , thnh phn lng, thnh phn hi ca hn hp

methanol nc
II.
L thuyt v chng ct
1. Khi nim
Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca mt hn hp lng (cng nh hn

hp kh lng) thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t
trong hn hp (ngha l khi cng mt nhit , p sut hi bo ho ca cc cu t khc).
Thay v a vo trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip xc gia hai pha nh
trong qu trnh hp th hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pah mi c to nn bng
s bc hi hoc ngng t.
Trong trng hp n gin nht, chng ct v c c khng khac g nhau, tuy nhin
gia hai qua trnh ny c mt ranh gii c bn l trong qu trnh chng ct dung mi v
cht tan u bay hi (ngha l cc cu t u hin din trong c hai pha nhng vi t l
khc nhau), cn trong qu trnh c c th ch c dung mi bay hi cn cht tan th khng
bay hi.
Page 8
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th h c bao nhiu cu t s thu c

by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 cu t th ta thu c 2 sn phm:
Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln v mt phn rt t cc cu t c
bay hi b
Sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c bay hi b v mt phn rt t cu t c bay
hi ln.
Suy ra: vi quy trnh chng ct i vi h methanol nc th
Sn phm nh l methanol
Sn phm y l nc
2. Cc phng php chng ct
1.2. Phn loi theo p sut lm vic

p sut thp
p sut thng
p sut cao
2.2. Phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic
Chng ct n gin
Chng bng hi nc trc tip
Chng ct a cu t
3.2. Phn loi theo phng php cp nhit y thp
Cp nhit trc tip
Cp nhit gin tip
Vy i vi h methanol nc, ta nn chn phng php chng ct lien tc cp

nhit gin tip.
3. Thit b chng ct
Trong sn xut thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh chng ct. Tuy
nhin yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau l din tc b mt tip xc pha
phi ln, diu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt lu cht ny vo lu cht kia.
Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha long3ta c cac loi thp mm, nu pha lng phn tn vo
pha kh th ta c thp chem., thp phun, y ta kho st 2 loi thng dng l thp
mm v thp chem..
Page 9
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to

khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi c cho tip xc vi nhau. Tu theo cu to
ca a, ta c:
Thp mm chp: trn mm b tr c chp dng trn, xupap, ch S.
Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh

Thp chm (thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni tip nhau bng mt bch
hay hn.Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php sau: xp ngu
nhin hay xp th t.
So snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp:
Thp chm
Thp mm xuyn l Thp mm chp
- Cu to kh n
-Tr lc tn i
gin
- Kh n nh
u im
- Tr lc thp
thp
- Hiu sut cao
- Lm vic c -Hiu sut kh cao
vi cht lng bn
- Do c hiu ng
thnh nn hiu
st truyn khi -Khng lm vic
- C tr lc ln
thp
c vi cht - Tiu tn nhiu
- n nh thp,
Nhc im
lng bn
vt t, kt cu
kh vn hnh
-Kt cu kh phc
- Kh tng nng
phc tp
tp
sut
- Thit b kh nng
n
Quy trnh chng ct c thc hin da vo nhiu loi thp c cu to khc nhau, tuy
nhin tu vo mc ch, hiu sut chng ct v iu kin khng gian cng nh iu kin
kinh t m ta la chn thp chng ct ph hp. Qua qu trnh nghin cu, th ti thy thp
mm xuyn l ph hp vi h methanol nc ny. Thp mm xuyn l c nhng u im
sau:
Ch to n gin
V sinh d dng
Tr lc thp hn thp chp
t tn kim loi hn thp chp
Page 10
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Do sn phm l methanol vi yu cu tinh khit cao khi s dng cng vi hn hp

methanol nc l hn hp khng c im ng kh nn chn phng php chng ct lien
tc l hiu qu nht.
Page 11
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG II: THUYT MINH QUY TRNH

I.
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Hn hp methanol nc c nng nhp liu methanol 10% (theo phn hi lng),

nhit khong 280C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm ln bn cao v (3).
Sau hn hp c gia nhit thit b ngng t (8) ri chuyn vo un si n nhit
si trong thit b gia nhit (6), hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (7) a nhp liu.
Trong a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy
xung. Trong thp, hi i t di ln gp cht lng i t trn xung. y, c s tip xc
v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng ct cng xung
di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (11) li
cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp nn khi hi i qua cc a t di
ln th cu t c nhit si cao l nc s ngng t li, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu
c hn hp c cu t methanol chim nhiu nht (c nng 95% phn khi lng).
Hi ny i vo thip b ngng t (8) v c ngng t hon ton. Mt phn cht lng
ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng. Phn cn li c lm ngui n 40 0C, ri
a v bnh cha sn phm nh.
Mt phn cu t c nhit si thp c bc hi, cn li cu t c nhit si cao
trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng, y thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht l
cc cu t kh bay hi (nc). Hn hp lng y thp c nng methanol l 1,5% khi
lng, cn li l nc. Dung dch lng y thp i vo thit b trao i nhit (11) vi
dng nhp liu. Trong thit b trao i nhit dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp
li cho thp lm vic lien tc, phn cn li ra khi thit b vo thit b lm ngui sn
phm y (12). Sau , c a vo bn cha sn phm y (13).
H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l methanol. Sn phm y l nc sau
khi trao i nhit vi dng nhp liu c thi b nhit 600C.
II.
Ch thch cc thit b trong qui trnh

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Bn cha nguyn liu

Bm
Bn cao v
Van
Lu lng k
Thit b gia nhit dng nhp liu
Thp chng ct
Thit b ngng t
Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh
Page 12
10. Bn cha sn phm nh
11. Thit b gia nhit y thp
12. Thit b lm ngui sn phm y
13. Bn cha sn phm y
14. By hi
15. Phn phi lng
16. p k
17. Nhit k
Page 13
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG III: TNH CN BNG VT CHT V

NNG LNG
I.
Cc thng s ban u
Chn loi thp l thp mm xuyn l. Thit b hot ng lin tc.
Khi chng luyn dung dch methanol th cu t d bay hi l methanol
Hn hp:
Methanol: CH3OH, MR = 32 (g/mol)
Nc: H2O, MN = 18 (g/mol)
Nng sut nhp liu: GF = 1500 kg/h
Nng nhp liu: x F =20
Nng sn phm nh: x P=94
Nng sn phm y: x W =3
phn mol matanol

phn mol methanol
phn mol methanol
Chn
Nhit nhp liu ban u: tB = 280C
Nhit sn phm nh sau khi lm ngui: tPR = 300C
Nhit dng nc lnh i vo: tV = 280C
Nhit dng lnh i ra: tR = 400C
Trang thi nhp liu vo thp chng ct l trng thi lng si
Cc k hiu:
II.
GF, F: sut lng nhp liu tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h

GP, P: sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h
GW, W: sut lng sn phm y tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h
L: sut lng dng hon lu, kmol/h
xi, x i : nng phn mol, phn khi lng ca cu t i.
Cn bng vt cht
1. Nng phn khi lng ca methanol trong thp
xF =
M R . xF
32.0,2
=
=31
% (theo khi lng)
M R . x F + ( 1x F ) . M N 32.0,2+ ( 10,2 ) .18
Page 14
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
MR.xP
32.0,94
=
=97
% (theo khi lng)
M R . x P + ( 1x P ) . M N 32.0,94+ ( 10,94 ) .18
xP=
xW =
M R . xW
M R . xW + ( 1x W ) . M N
32.0,03
=5
% (theo khi lng)
32.0,03+ ( 10,03 ) .18
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng nhp liu:

M F =M R . x F + ( 1x F ) . M N =32.0,2+ ( 10,2 ) .18=20,8 kg/kmol
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm y, nh l:

M W =M R . x W + ( 1x W ) . M N =32.0,03+ ( 10,03 ) .18=18,42 kg/kmol
M D =M R . x D + ( 1x D ) . M N =32.0,94+ ( 10,94 ) .18=31,16
kg/kmol
Suy ra:
F=
G F 1500
=
=72,12 kmol/h
M F 20,8
2. Sut lng mol ca cc dng

Ta c:
Cn bng vt cht cho ton thp:
F=D+W
Cn bng cu t methanol(cu t nh) : F.xF = D.xD + W.xW (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c:
Suy ra:
III.
D+W =72,12
{0,94. D+0,03
W =0,2.72,12
kmol /h
{WD=13,47
=58,65 kmol /h
Xc nh t s hon lu thch hp
1. T s hon lu ti hiu
Page 15
(1)
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
T s hon lu ti thiu l ch s m ch lm vic ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l

v cc. Do , chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nguyn liu, nc,
bm) l ti hiu.
T bng s liu 1 ta xy dng th cn bng pha ca h methanol nc p sut 1 atm.
Xy dng th 2:
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
th 2: th cn bng pha ca h methanol nc p sut 1atm

Vi xF = 0,2 ta ni suy t t th 2 c yF* = 0,579
T s hon lu ti hiu tra cng thc IX.24 trang 158, [2] ta c:
x P yF 0,940,579
Rmin =
=
=0,95
y F x F 0,5790,2
T s hon lu lm vic: R = 1,3Rmin + 0,3 = 1,3 . 0.95 + 0,3 = 1,535

Page 16
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
2. Phng trnh ng lm vic s mm l thuyt

Phng trnh ng lm vic ca on ct:
y=
x
R
1,535
0,94
x+ D =
x+
=0,61 x +0,37
R+1
R+ 1 1,535+1
1,535+1
Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng:

y=
Vi
R+ f
1f
1,535+5,35
15,35
. x+
xW =
.x+
0,03
R+1
R+1
1,535+1
1,535+1
f=
x Px W 0,940,03
=
=5,35
x F xW 0,20,03
2,72 x0,052
ch s nhp liu
Phng trnh ng lm vic ca phn luyn:

y=
R
1
1,535
1
x+
x =
x+
0,94
R+1
R+ 1 P 1,535+1
1,535+ 1
0,61 x +0,37
IV.
S mm l thuyt
T th ta thu c 10 mm bao gm:
V.
3 mm chng
1 mm nhp liu
6 mm ct
S mm thc t
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh:

N TT =
N
tb
Trong :
tb
: hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l mt hm s ca bay hi tng i v nht ca
hn hp lng =f ( , )
Page 17
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
NTT : s mm thc t
NLT : s mm l thuyt
1. Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp
tb
bay hi tng i ca cc cu t d bay hi:
y 1x
1 y x
IX.61 trang 172, [2]
Vi: x: phn mol ca ru trong pha lng.

y*: phn mol ca ru trong pha hi.
Ti v tr nhp liu:
Ta c: xF = 0,2 ta tra th cn bng ca h:
Suy ra:
aF=
y F =0,579 , t F =81,70 C
0,579 10,2
=5,5
10,579 0,2
0
Mt khc: xF =31 v t F =81,7 C , tra bng trang 107, [1]
F =50. 106 .9,81=4,91. 104 N .
Suy ra:
s
=0,491 ( cP )
m2
F . F =5,5 .0,491=2,7
Tra bng trang 171, [2] ta c:
F=
0,396
Ti v tr mm y:
Ta c: xW = 0,03 ta tra th cn bng ca h:
0,1608
y W =0,1608 ,t W =95,380 C
10,03
Suy ra: a w = 10,1608 0,03 =6,2

0
Mt khc: xw =5 v tW =95,38 C , tra bng trang 107, [1]
Page 18
W =33.106 .9,81=3,24. 104 N .
Suy ra:
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
s
=0,324 ( cP )
2
m
W . W =6,2.0,324=2,009
W =
0,42
Ti v tr mm nh:
Ta c: xD = 0,94 ta tra th cn bng ca h:
y D =0,975 , t D =65,40 C
0,975 10,94
Suy ra: a D= 10,975 0,94 =2,5

0
Mt khc: xD =97 v t D =65,4 C , tra bng trang 107, [1]:
D =61. 106 .9,81=5,984.104 N .
Suy ra:
s
=0,5984 ( cP )
m2
D . D =2,5 .0,5984=1,5
D=
0,445
Suy ra: hiu sut trung bnh ca thp l

tb =
F +W + D 0,396+ 0,42+ 0,445

=
=0,42
3
3
2. S mm thc t ca thp NTT:

N TT =
9
=21,43 mm
0,42
Vy ta c NTT = 21 mm, bao gm
VI.
{714mmmmchcngt
Cn bng nng lng

Page 19
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp chng ct:

QF + Q = QW + QD + Qnt + Qm
Nhit lng do hn hp ru nhp liu mang vo thp QF:
QF = GF . HF = GF . CF.(tF to) , (KJ/h)
IX.152 trang 197, [2]
Trong :
GF = xF = 31% nng khi lng nhp liu ban u
CF : nhit dung ring ca hn hp ban u

Chn nhit chun: t0 = 200C
t F +t o 81,7 +20
=
=50,9 , tra bng I.154 trang 172, [1] ta c nhit dung ring ca ru:
2
2
cR = 2719,1 (J/kg.).
Suy ra:
C F = xF . c R + ( 1 xF ) .4186=0,31.2719,1+ ( 10,31 ) .4186
= 3731,3 (J/kg.)
Vy QF = 1500 . 3731,3 . (81,7 20) = 0,35.109 (J/h) = 0,35.106 (KJ/h)
Nhit lng sn phm y mang ra t ni un QW
QW = GW . HW = W . MW.cW.(tw to) , (KJ/h)
IX.160 trang 198, [2]
Trong :
W = 58,65 Kmol/h
MW = 18,42 kg/kmol
Chn nhit chun: to = 20oC
Do sn phm y cha nhiu nc nn nhit dung ring ca sn phm y c th tnh

gn ng theo cng thc sau:
c W =( 1 xW ) .4186=( 10,03 ) .4186=4060,42(
J
. )
kg
Vy QW = 58,65 . 18,42 . 4060,42 . (95,38 20) = 0,331.109 (J/h)

Page 20
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

= 0,331.106 (KJ/h)
Nhit lng sn phm nh mang ra t ni un QW

QD = GD . HD = D . MD.cD.(tD to) , (KJ/h)
trang 198, [2]
Trong :
D = 13,47 Kmol/h
MD = 31,16 kg/kmol
Chn nhit chun: to = 20oC
t D +t o 65,4 +20
=
=42,7 , tra bng I.154 trang 172, [1], ta c nhit dung ring ca ru:
2
2
cR = 2682,15 (J/kg.).
Suy ra:
c D = xD . c R + ( 1 xD ) 4186=0,97.2682,15+ ( 10,97 ) 4186
= 2727,27 (J/kg.)
Vy: QD = 13,47 . 31,16 . 2727,27 . (65,4 20) = 0,052.109 (J/h)
= 0,052.106 (KJ/h)
Nhit lng ngng t do hi sn phm nh ngng t thnh lng
Chn hi sn phm nh ngng t hon ton thnh lng
Qnt = D.(R+1).MD.rD (KJ/h)
tD = 65,4 tra bng I.212 trang 254, [1] ta thu c
Suy ra:
Nhit ho hi ca nc: rN = 2401548,48 J/h = 2401,55 (KJ/h)

Nhit ho hi ca ru: rR = 1096501,99 J/h = 1096,5 (KJ/h)
r D=r R . xD + ( 1 xD ) . r N =1096,5.0,97+ ( 10,97 ) .2041,55
= 1124,85 (KJ/h)
Vy: Qnt = 13,47 . (1,535 + 1) . 31,16 . 1124,85 = 1,197.106 (KJ/h)
Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh ly bng 5% nhit tiu tn Qm
Page 21
Qm=0,05Q =0,05.
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
1
.(QW +Q D +Qnt Q F )
0,94
KJ
h
6
6
0,331.10 +0,052.10 +1,197.106 0,35.106=65372,34
1
0,05.
.
0,94
Nhit lng cung cp cho ni un y thp Q:

Q =
1
. ( QW +Q D +Qnt Q F )
xD
1
6
6
6
6
.(0,331.10 + 0,052.10 +1,197.10 0,35.10 )
0,94
= 1308510,638 (KJ/h) = 363,48 (KW)

Nhit lng do hi t mang vo QD1 :
QD1 = (QF + Qnt + Qm) - Qf
Trong
QF = 0,35.106 (KJ/h)
Qnt = 1,197.106 (KJ/h)
Qm = 65372,34 (KJ/h)
Qf = GF.Cf.tf (bng IX.151, trang 197, [2])
Ta c: Tf = 28oC tra bng[30.104], trang 176, [2] ta c: Cf = 3972,5 J/kg.

Suy ra: Qf = GF.cf.tf = 1500.3972,5.28 = 166,9.106 J/h = 0,1669.106 KJ/h
Vy: QD1 = (0,35.106 + 1,197.106 + 65372,34 ) - 0,1669.106 = 1,445.106 KJ/h
Page 22
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
CHNG IV: TNH KCH THC THP V MM

I.
NG KNH THP
Tra cong thc IX.89,IX.90 trang 182 , [2] ta c cng thc sau:
Dt =
4 V tb
g tb
=0,0188
.3600 . tb
( y . y )tb
(m)
Trong :
Vtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h)
tb
: tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s)
gtb
: lng hi trung bnh i trong tho (Kg/h)
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau. Do , ng knh

on chng v on ct cng khc nhau
1. ng knh on ct
Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp:
gtb =
g d + g1
2
(kg/h) tra cng thc IX.91 trang 182, [2]
Trong :
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (kg/h)

gl : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (kg/h)
Xc nh gd : gd = D.(R+1).MD tra IX.92 trang 182, {2}

= 13,47.(1,535 + 1).31,16 = 1064 (kg/h)
Xc nh gl : tra ti liu IX.93,IX.94,IX.95 trang 182, [2] ta thu c h phng trnh sau:
g1=G1 + D
g 1 . y 1=G 1 x 1 + D x D ()
g1 r 1=g d r d
Page 23
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Trong
G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct
r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i ra nh thp
Tnh r1:
Ta c t1 = tF = 81,7oC, tra ti liu tham kho bng I.212 trang 255, {1} ta c:
Nhit ho hi ca nc l: rN1 = 41999,4 KJ/kmol
Nhit ho hi ca ru l: rR1 = 33832,32 KJ/kmol

Suy ra: r1 = rR1.y1 + (1-y1).rR1 = 41999,4 8167,08y1
Tnh rd
Ta c tD = 65,40C, tra ti liu tham kho bng I.212 trang 255, {1} ta c:
Nhit ho hi ca nc l: rNd = 43227,9 KJ/kmol

Nhit ho hi ca ru l: rRd = 35088,1 KJ/kmol
Suy ra: rd = rRd.yD + (1-yD).rRd = 35088,1.0,98 + (1-0,98).43227,9

= 35250,9 KJ/kmol
Mt khc: x1 = xF = 0,2
Gii h (*) trn ta c:
g + g1
d
Vy: gtb = 2
Kmol
)
h
y 1=0,51( phn mol methanol)
_M1 = 25,14
Kmol
kg
g 1=31,74
=797,94( )
h
h
G1=18,27(
1064+797,94
=930,82 kg/h
2
Tc trung bnh i trong thp

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy truyn:
Page 24
gh=0,05
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
xtb
tra IX .111trang 187,[1]
ytb
Trong :
gh :tc gii hn ca hi itrong thp(
xtb khi l
ring
ng
trung bnhca pha lng (
ytb khi l
ngring trung bnhca pha hi (
Xc nh
ytb=
m
)
s
p ytb
kg
)
3
m
kg
)
3
m
[ y tb .32+( 1 y tb ) .18 ] .273

22,4.(t tb + 273)
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh:
+ Nhit trung bnh on ct:
Suy ra:
ytb=0,9985(
Xc nh
xtb
Suy ra:
t tb =
y 1+ y D 0,51+0,975
=
=0,7425
2
2
t F t W 81,7+65,4
=
=73,55 0 C
2
2
kg
)
m3
Nng phn mol trung bnh: x tb =
xtb =
y tb =
x F + x D 0,2+0,94
=
=0,57
2
2
32 x tb
0,57.32
=
=70,2
32. x tb + ( 1xtb ) .18 0,57.32+ ( 10,57 ) .18
Ta c: xtb = 0,57 suy ra ttb = 71,770C, tra bng I.2 trang 10, [1], ta thu c:
Page 25
Suy ra:
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Khi lng ring ca nc:
N =976,52(
Khi lng ring ca ru:
R =744,23(
x 1 xtb
xtb= tb +
R
N
) (
=
0,702 10,702
+
744,23 976,52
801,01
kg
)
3
m
kg
)
m3
=801,01 kg /m3
Vy: gh=0,05. 0,9985 =1,416( s )

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh trong thp:
m
h=0,8. gh=0,8.1,416=1,1328 ( )
s
930,82
Vy ng knh on ct: Dct =0,0188. 0,9985.1,1328 =0,54 (m)
2. ng knh on chng:
Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp:
'
g +g
gtb = n 1
2
(kg/h) tra cng thc IX.91 trang 182, [2]
Trong :
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (kg/h)

'
g1 : lng hi i vo on chng (kg/h)
Xc nh gd : gn = g1 =
Xc nh
g'1
797,94(
kg
)
h
: tra ti liu IX.98,IX.99,IX.100 trang 183, {2} ta thu c h phng
trnh sau:
Page 26
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
G =g'1 +W
G '1 . x'1=g '1 . y W +W . xW
g'1 . r '1=g'n . r 'n=g1 r 1
'
1
Trong
G'1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng
r '1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp i vo a th nht ca on chng

'
Tnh r 1 :
Ta c xW = 0,03 , tra th cn bng ca h ta c yW = 0,1608

kg
'
Suy ra M tbg=32. y W + ( 1 y W ) .18=20,25 ( kmol )
'
Ta c t 1 = tW = 95,38oC, tra ti liu tham kho bng I.212 trang 255, {1} ta c:
'
Nhit ho hi ca nc l: r N 1=40968,5 KJ/kmol
'
Nhit ho hi ca ru l: r R 1 = 32824,91 KJ/kmol
'
'
'
Suy ra: r 1=r R 1 . y W +r N 1 . ( 1 y W )
32824,91.0,1608+ 40968,5.(10,1608)
= 39659,01 KJ/kmol
Tnh r1: r1 = 41999,4 8167,08y1 = 41999,4 8167,08

= 37834,19 (KJ/kmol)
Gii h (**) trn ta c:
Vy:
Kmol
)
h
'
x 1=0,075( phn mol methanol)
_MtbG` = 19,05
Kmol
kg
'
g 1=30,28
=761,22( )
h
h
G'1 =88,93(
g n+ g '1 797,94+ 761,22

g =
=
=779,58 kg /h
2
2
'
tb
Page 27
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Tc trung bnh i trong thp

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy truyn:
'
gh
=0,05
'xtb
'
ytb
tra IX .111trang 187,[1]
Trong :
m
)
s
'gh :tc gii hn ca hi itrong thp(
'xtb khi l
ring
ng
trung bnhca pha lng (
'ytb khi l
ngring trung bnhca pha hi (
kg
)
m3
kg
)
3
m
'
Xc nh ytb :
'
ytb
[y
=
'
tb
. 32+ ( 1 y 'tb ) .18 .273

'
tb
22,4.(t +273)
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh:
y 'tb =
y 1+ y w 0,51+0,03
=
=0,27
2
2
t +t
'
F
W
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng: t tb = 2 =
'
Suy ra:
ytb=0,734(
Xc nh
xtb
81,7+ 95,38
=88,54 0 C
2
kg
)
m3
Nng phn mol trung bnh:
x 'tb =
x F + x W 0,2+ 0,03
=
=0,115
2
2
Page 28
Suy ra:
x'tb =
'
32 x tb
'
tb
'
tb
32. x + ( 1x ) .18
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
0,115.32
=18,77
0,115.32+ (10,115 ) .18
'
'
Ta c: x tb = 0,115 suy ra ttb = 86,80C, tra bng I.2 trang 10, [1], ta thu c:
'
Khi lng ring ca nc:
N =967,24(
Khi lng ring ca ru:
R =728,52(
Suy ra:
x' 1 x'
xtb= tb' + ' tb
R
N
'
0,1877 10,1877
+
728,52
967,24
911,2
kg
)
m3
kg
)
m3
=911,2 kg / m3
Vy: gh=0,05. 0,734 =1,762( s )

trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh trong thp:
h=0,8. gh=0,8.1,762=1,4096(
m
)
s
779,58
Vy ng knh on chng: D chng=0,0188 0,734.1,4096 =0,52(m)

Kt lun: hai ng knh on ct v chng khng chnh lch nhau qu ln nn ta
chn ng knh ca ton thp l Dt = 0,6 (m).
Khi tc lm vic thc :
0,01882 . g tb 0,01882 .930,82

m
=
=0,92( )
2
Phn ct: ct= D2 .
s
0,6 .0,9985
t
ytb
0,0188 . gtb 0,01882 .779,58

m
=
=
=1,04 ( )
chng
2
2
Phn chng:
s
D t . ytb
0,6 .0,734
II.
'
Chiu cao thp chng ct

1. Chiu cao ca thp.
Page 29
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Tra ti liu IX.54 trang 170, [2] ta c cng thc tnh chiu cao ton thp l:
H thp=N tt . ( h mm+ ) +(0,8 1)
Trong
Hthp : chiu cao ca thp (m)

Ntt : s mm thc t
hmm : khong cch gia cc mm (m)
: chiu dy ca mm
Tra bng IX.4a trang 170, [2] chn gi tr hmm = 0,41 (m), chn =0,003( m)
Suy ra H thp=21. ( 0,41+0,003 )+1=9,67(m)
2. Chiu cao y (np)

Chn y (np) tiu chun c:
ht
=0,25
Dt
ht=0,25. D t =0,25.0,6=0,15(m)
Chn chiu cao g:
h g =25 mm=0,025 m
Vy chiu cao y (np): H y ( np)=ht + hg =0,15+0,025=0,175(m)
Kt lun: chiu cao ton thp l: H = Hthp + 2.Hy (np) = 9,67 + 2.0,175
= 10 (m)
III.
Mm l - tr lc ca mm
1. Cu to mm l
Chn thp mm xuyn l c ng chy truyn:
ng knh l: d1 = 3 (mm) = 0,003 (m)

Tit din t do bng 8% din tch mm
Chiu cao g chy trn : hg = 25 mm = 0,025 (m)
Page 30
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Din tch ca 2 bn nguyt bng 20% din tch mm

L b tr theo hnh lc gic u
Khong cch gia 2 tm l bng 15 mm
B dy mm bng 2 mm
Mm c lm bng thp khng r
S l trn 1 mm:
8 . Smm
Dt 2
0,6 2
N=
=0,08.( ) =0,08.(
) =40000 l
Sl
dl
0,003
Gi a l s hnh lc gic
Tra cong thc V.139 trang 49, [2] ta c: n = 3a.(a 1) + 1 (***)
Gii phng trnh (***) ta thu c: a = 115,969 116
S l trn ng cho: b = 2a 1 = 231 l
2. Tr lc ca a kh
Pk =
' 2 . H
2
tra ti liu IX.140 trang 195, [2]
Trong :
'
: tc hi qua l (m/s)
: khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha kh (hi) (kg/m3)
: h s tr lc - =1,82 (din tch l t 7% - 10% din tch thp)

- =1,45
(din tch l t 15% - 20% din tch thp)
Phn ct:
ct 0,92
m
'
=
=
=11,5( )
c
t
Vn tc hi qua l:
8
0,08
s
Page 31
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
'
Suy ra:
ct
2 . H ct
Pk ct =
Phn chng
chng 1,04
m
'
=
=
=13 ( )
ch
ng
Vn tc hi qua l:
8
0,08
s
Suy ra:
' chng
2 . H chng
Pk chng =
3. Tr lc do sc cng b mt
Do a c ng knh l ln hn 1mm nn ta p dng cng thc IX.142 trang 195, [2].
P =
4
1,3 d l +0,08 d2l
Phn ct
Ti nhit trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn luyn l T = 81,7 oC tra ti liu I.242 v
I.249 trang 301 v 311, [1] thu c:
N
Sc cng b mt ca nc : N =0,623( m )
=0,0174(
)
R
Sc cng b mt ca ru :
m
p dng cng thc I.76 trang 300, [1] ta c:

1 1 1
1
1
= + =
+
N R 0,623 0,0174
=0,01692(
N
)
m
Page 32
Suy ra:
P ct =
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
4
4.0,01692
N
=
=17,35( 2 )
2
2
1,3 d l +0,08 d l 1,3.0,003+0,08. 0,003
m
Phn chng
0
Ti nhit trung bnh ca pha lng trong phn luyn l T = 95,38 C tra ti liu I.242 v
I.249 trang 301 v 311, [1] thu c:

N
Sc cng b mt ca nc : N =0,598( m )
Sc cng b mt ca ru : R=0,01613( m )

1 1 1
1
1
= + =
+
N R 0,598 0,01613
Suy ra:
P chng=
=0,0157 (
N
)
m
4
4.0,0157
N
=
=16,1( 2 )
2
2
1,3 d l + 0,08 d l 1,3.0,003+0,08. 0,003
m
4. Tr lc thu tnh do cht lng trn a to ra

p dng cng thc IX.143 trang 195, [2] :
Pt =1,3 K . h b X g (
N
)
m2
Trong :
hb : chiu cao ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a (m)
x : khi lng ring ca cht lng
g : gia tc trng trng ( 9,81 m/s2)
K=0,5 : t s gia khi lng ring cht lng bt v khi lng ring cht
lng
Tnh chiu cao ng chy truyn hc :
Page 33
2
QL
3
vi hl =( 1,85 . L g . K )
hc =hg + hl
Ta c :
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Trong :
Lg : chiu di ca g chy trn , m
K = 0,5
QL =
nL . M L
L
: sut lng th tch ca pha lng, m3/s
Tnh chiu cao ca g chy trn:
Ta c :
S qut S =Sbn nguyt

R2
1
20
2 R sin R cos =
R2
2
2
2
2 2
sin =0,2
Dng php lp: suy ra =1,627 rad=93,32
Nn Lg = Dt . sin 2
= 0,6 . sin
93,32
2
= 0,436 m
Phn ct:
Nng mol trung bnh ca phn ct:
x tb =
x F + x D 0,2+0,94
=
=0,57
2
2
Page 34
phn mol
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
M =32. xtb + ( 1x tb ) .18=25,98 kg /kmol
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca phn ct:
Sut lng th tch ca pha lng trong phn ct l:

Qct =
G D RM
M D tb
Tra bng thu c cc thng s:
GD = MD . D = 31,16 . 13,47 = 419,73 kg/h

R = 1,535
tb =801,01 kg /m3
m
( 3/s)
Suy ra :
G D . R . M 419,73.1,535.25,98
m3
Qct =
=
=0,67
=1,86.104
M D . tb
31,16.801,01
h
( )
4
2
QL
1,86.10
3
hl =(
) =(
) 3 =0,00596(m)
1,85 . L g . K
1,85. 0,436 .0,5
hb =hg + hl=0,03+ 0,00596=0,03596(m)
Kt lun:
2
Pt ct=1,3 K . hb X g=1,3.0,5 . 801,01.9,81.0,03596=183,67( N /m )
Phn chng:
Nng mol trung bnh ca phn ct:
x tb =
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca phn ct:
x F + x w 0,2+0,03
=
=0,115 phn mol
2
2
M =32. xtb + ( 1x tb ) .18=19,61 kg /kmol
Sut lng th tch ca pha lng trong phn ct l:
Page 35
Qchng=
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
G W RM
M W tb
Tra bng thu c cc thng s:
GW = MW . D = 58,65 . 18,42 = 1080,3 kg/h

R = 1,535
tb =911,2 kg/m3
m
( 3/ s)
Suy ra:
G . R . M 1080,3.1,535 .19,61
m3
Qchng= D
=
=0,608
=1,69.104
M D . tb
58,65.911,2
h
( )
2
2
QL
1,69.104
hl =(
) 3 =(
) 3 =0,005599(m)
1,85 . L g . K
1,85. 0,436 .0,5
hb =hg + hl=0,03+ 0,00596=0,035599(m)
Kt lun:
Pt chng=1,3 K .h b X g=1,3.0,5 . 911,2.9,81.0,035599=206,84(N /m2 )
5. Tng tr thu lc ca thp

Phn ct
P ct= P kct + p ct + P t ct
Suy ra:
Pct =120,17+17,35+183,67=321,19(
N
)
m2
Phn chng
P chng=P k chng + p chng + P t chng
Suy ra:
Pchng =112,88+16,1+206,84=335,82(
Page 36
N
)
2
m
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
6. Kim tra hot ng ca mm

Kim tra li khong cch mm hmm = 0,41 m m bo cho iu kin hot ng
bnh thng ca thp
h>1,8.
P
L. g
(sch truyn khi, trang 70)
Vi cc mm trong phn chng tr lc thu lc qu 1 mm ln hn tr lc thu lc ca

mm trong phn ct:
1,8.
PChng
335,82
=1,8.
=0,068 m<hmm=0,41m
Lchng . g
911,2.9,81
Kt lun : iu kin trn c tho

Kim tra tnh ng nht ca hot ng mm
T cng thc trang 70 sch truyn khi, ta c vn tc ti thiu qua l ca pha hi V min
cho cc l trn mm u hot ng:
V min =0,67
g . L chng . hb chng
9,81.911,2.0,035599
=0,67
. H ct
1,82.
Kt lun: Cc l trn mm hot ng bnh thng

Kt lun : Tng tr lc thu lc ca thp
P=N TT chng P chng+ N TT ct Pct =7.335,82+ 14.321,19=6847,4 (
N
)
2
m
CHNG V: TNH C KH
I.
B dy thp
1. Thn thp
V than thp hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k than hnh tr bng phng php
hn h quang in, kiu hn gip ni 2 pha. Thn thp c ghp vi nhau bng cc mi
ghp bch
Page 37
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
m bo cht lng ca sn phm ta chn thit b thn thp l thp khng g m

X18H10
Cc thng s cn tra v chn phc v cho tnh ton:
Nhit tnh ton: t = tmax = 1000C

p sut tnh ton : V thp hot ng p sut thng nn:
P=Pthu tnh + P
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng trong ton thp:
L=
Lchng + Lct 911,2+801,01

kg
=
=856,105( 3 )
2
2
m
Nn:
P= L . g . H + P=856,105.9,81. 10+6847,4=90831,3
0,0908(
( mN )
2
N
)
mm2
H s b sung do n mn ho hc ca mi trng: V mi trng c tnh n mn v thi

gian s dng thit b l 20 nm Ca = 1 mm
ng sut cho php tiu chun:
V vt liu l X18H10T
H s hiu chnh:
V thit b khng bc lp cch nhit nn =1
ng sut cho php:
H s bn mi hn
[ ] = .[ ]=142(
N
)
mm2
V s dng phng php hn h quang in, kiu hn gip ni 2 pha:

Nn tra ti liu XIII.8 trang 364, [2] ta c
h =1
Page 38
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Tnh b dy:
S'=
Ta c:
Dt . p
2. [ ] . h p
[]
142
. h=
1=2394,6 50
p
0,0593
Suy ra:
S'=
ti liu XIII.8 trang 362, [2]
suy ra c th b p o mu p thao (1) trang 362, [2].
Dt . p
600.0,0593
+ Ca =
+1=1,125( mm)
2.142.1
2. [ ] . h
Quy trn theo chun: S = 2 mm (Bng XIII.9 trang 366, [2])

B dy ti thiu: Smin = 2 mm
Suy ra: S = 2 mm
Kim tra bn
iu kin:
Nn: [ P ] =
SC a
21
0,1
=1,0 .103 <0,1 (tho iu kin)
1000
2. [ ] . h .(SC a ) 2.142 .1.(21)
=
=0,47 > P=0,09
600+(21)
D t + ( SC a )
(tho)
Kt lun: S = 2 mm
2. y v np
Chn y v np c dn hnh elip tiu chun c g, lm bng thp X18H10T
Chn b dy y v np bng vi b dy thn thp S = 2 mm

Kim tra iu kin:
Page 39
Ta c:
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
SC a
21
0,125
0,125 1.103 0,125
Dt
1000
(tho)
2. [ ] . h .(SC a) 2.142.1 .(21)
[ P ]=
=
=0,47
600+(21)
Dt + ( SC a )
V y v np c hnh elip tiu chun vi
ht
=0,25 h t=Dt .0,25
Dt
hnh XIII.11 trang 383,
[2]
Suy ra: iu kin trn c tho nh kim tra phn thn thp
Kch thc ca y v np
ng knh trong : Dt = 600 mm
Ht = 150 mm
Chiu cao g: hg = 25 mm
B dy: S = 2mm
Din tch b mt trong: Sb mt trong = 0,44 m2 bng XIII.10 trang 384, [2]
II.
B dy mm
1. Cc thng s cn tra v chn phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton
Nhit tnh ton: t = tmax = 1000C
p sut tnh ton:
P=Pthu tnh + P
Chn b dy g chy trn l 3 mm

Th
tch
ca
chy
trn:
V =L g . h g .0,003=0,436.0,025.0,003
m
( 3)
3,27.105
Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T l:
X 18 H 10 T =7900(
kg
)
m3
5
Khi lng g chy trn: m=V . X 18 H 10 T =3,27.10 .7900=0,258(kg)
p
Pg =
sut
do
chy
trn
m . g 0,258.9,81
N
=
=8,98( 2 )
2
2
D
0,6
m
.
. t
4
4
Page 40
tc
dng
ln
mm
trn:
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Khi lng ring ca cht lng ti y thp

Ta c: xw = 0,03 suy ra tw = 95,380C bng I2 trang 10, [1] suy ra:
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: N =961,234 kg /m
3
Khi lng ring ca ru: R =719,082 kg/m

x 1 xw
1
= W+
LW =945,32 kg /m3
LW R
N
p sut thu tnh:
Pthu tnh= LW . g . ( h g + hlC ) =333,48(
Suy ra: P = 333,48 + 8,98 = 342,45
N
)
m2
N
)
2
m
H s b sung do n mn ho hc ca mi trng: V mi trng c tnh n mn v

thi gian s dng thit b l 20 nm Ca = 1 mm
ng sut cho php tiu chun: V vt liu l X18H10T
H s hiu chnh:
V thit b khng bc lp cch nhit nn =1
[ ] = .[ ]=142( N 2 )
ng sut cho php:
6
2
Mdun n hi: E=20.10 N /cm
H s Poisson: =0,33
H s hiu chnh: b =0,571
mm
2. Tnh b dy
ng sut cc i vng chu vi
Page 41
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

2
3P D
i vi bn trn c ngm kp cht theo chu vi: max = 16 .( S )
max 3 P D 2
=
i vi bn c c l: t max b = 16 b ( S ) [ ]
3P
3.342,45 . 106
'
Suy ra: S Dt . 16[ ]b s =600. 16.142.0,571 + 1=1,534 mm
'
Chn: S = 2 mm
Kim tra iu kin bn:
P R4
W
=
o
vng cc i tm:
64. D T
Wo
P R4
E . S3
i vi bn c l c: W l = b = 64. D T . b vi DT = 12.(1 2)
Wo
12. P R 4 .(12 ) 3 P R4 .(1 2)
P R4
W l =
=
=
= .
Suy ra:
b 64. D T . b
16
64. b . E . S 3
b . E . S 3
m bo iu kin bn th:
6
W l =
1
W l < . S W l <1
2
2
3 342,45.10 . 300 .(10,33 )

.
=0,15<1
16
0,571.20. 104 . 33
Kt lun: b dy S chn tho bn
III.
Bch ghp thn y v np

Page 42
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp CT3, cu to ca bch l bch lin
khng c.
Dt ==600 mm
Tra bng XIII.27 trang 419, [2] vi

Dt
mm
600
740
Db
690
DI
650
Tra bng IX.5 trang 171, [2] vi
v p sut tnh ton P = 0,06.
Do
611
ci
20
h=450 mm
Bu lng
dB
mm
M20
z
20
suy ra khong cch gia 2 mt bch l
1350 mm v s mm gia hai mt bch l 3

kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt liu m quyt nh. Vy m bo kn
cho thit b ta chn m l dy aming, c b dy l 3mm
S mt bch cn dng ghp l
IV.
18
+2=8
bch
3
Chn thp
Page 43
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
T ruc thiet b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
1. Tnh trng lng ton thp

3
Tra s tay XII.7 trang 315, [2] ta c khi lng ring ca thp CT3 l CT 3=7850 kg /m
Khi lng ca mt bch ghp thn
mbch ghp thn= . ( D2D2t ) . z . CT 3= . ( 0,7420,62 ) .0,02.7850=23,13(kg)

4
4
Khi lng ca mt mm
mmm= . D2t . mm . ( 100 8 10 ) . X 18 H 10T = . 0,62 .0,001.0,82.7900=1,83 kg

4
4
Khi lng ca thn thp

D
( ng 2D2t ) . H thn . X 18 H 10T = . ( 0,6120,62 ) .6,071.7900=455,79 kg

4
mthp= .
4
Khi lng ca y (np) thp
my (np) =S b mt . Sy . X 18 H 10T =0,44.0,002 .7900=6,952 kg
Khi lng ca ton thp
m=9 . mbch ghp thn +21. mmm +mthn +2. my
9.23,13+21.1,83+ 455,79+ 2.6,952=716,294 kg

Page 44
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
2. Tnh chn thp
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn

Vt liu lm chn thp l thp CT3
Ti trng cho php trn mt chn l: Gc = 4 = 4 =1756,6 N
m.g
m bo an ton cho thit b ta chn GC = 2500 N

Tra bng XIII.35 trang 439, [2] ta thu c bng s liu sau:
L
110
V.
B
80
B1
95
B2
110
H
180
h
120
s
6
l
40
d
18
Tai treo thp
Chn tai treo: tai treo c gn trn thn thp gi cho thp khi b dao
ng trong iu kin ngoi cnh
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3. Ta chn bn tai treo ti trng cho php
trn 1 tai treo l: Gt = GC = 2500N
Tra bng XIII.36, trang 440, [2] ta thu c cc thng s sau:
L
B
B1
H
90
65
75
140
Khi lng mt tai treo l: mtay treo = 1 kg
S
6
Page 45
l
35
a
15
d
18
VI.
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Ca ni ng dn vi thit b - bch ni cc b phn ca thit b vi

ng dn
ng dn thng c ni vi thit b bng mi ghp tho c hoc khng

tho c. Trong thit b ny, ta s dng mi ghp tho c.
i vi mi ghp tho c, ngi ta lm on ng ni, l on ng ngn

c mt bch hay ren ni vi ng dn
Loi c mt bch thng dng vi ng c ng knh d > 10 mm
Loi ren ch yu dng vi ng c ng knh
d 10 mm , i khi c th
dng vi d 32 mm
ng dn c lm bng thp X18H10T
Bch c lm bng thp CT3, cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c
1. ng nhp liu
Ta c: xF = 0,2 suy ra tw = 81,70C bng I2 trang 10, [1] suy ra:
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: N =970,81kg /m
3
Khi lng ring ca ru: R =734,13 kg /m

1 xF 1 xF
= +
F=882,6 kg/m3
F R
N
Chn loi ng ni cm su vo thit b

Chn vn tc cht lng trong ng ni l vF = 1 m/s
ng knh ca ng ni:
D y=
4. G F
4.1500
=
=0,025m
3600. F . . v F
3600.882,6 . .1
D ng =25 mm
Suy ra chn ng c ng knh:

Tra bng XIII.26 trang 419, [2] vi
Dng nhp liu =25 mm
v p sut tnh ton P = 0,06
N/mm2
Dy
Dn
DI
mm
Page 46
Bu lng
dB
z
ci
25
32
100
75
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

60
12
M10
2. ng hi nh thp
Nng trung bnh ca pha hi nh thp:
Ta c xD = 0,94 suy ra tD = 65,40C v yD = 0,975
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct
M HL = y D . M R + ( 1 y D ) . M N =0,975.32+ (10,975 ) .18=31,65 kg / kmol
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct l:

HL=
P . M HL
1.31,65
=
=1,14 kg/m3
R . T HL 22,4
.(65,4+ 273)
273
Chn vn tc hi ra khi nh thp l vHD = 40 m/s

Dng knh trong ca ng ni
D ng hi nh thp=
4. GD
4.419,73
=
=0.057 m
3600. HD . . v HD
3600.1,14 . .40
Suy ra chn ng knh ng ni l: Dy = 70 mm

Tra bng XIII.32 trang 436, [2] suy ra chiu di on ng ni l: l = 110 mm
Tra bng XIII.26, trang 419, [2] vi P = 0,06 N/mm2 ta thu c bng s liu sau:
Dy
Dn
mm
70
76
160
130
Dl
Bu lng
dB
110
16
M12
3. ng hon lu
Ta c: xD = 0,94 suy ra tw = 65,40C bng I2 trang 10, [1] suy ra:
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: N =980,03 kg/ m
3
Page 47
z
ci
4
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
1 xD 1 xD
= +
W =722,47 kg /m3
D R
N

Chn vn tc cht lng trong ng ni l vLD = 0,5 m/s
ng knh trong ca ng ni
D ng honlu=
4. GD
4.419,73
=
=0.02 m
3600. LD . . v LD
3600.722,47 . .0,5

Dy
Dn
mm
20
25
105
75
Dl
Bu lng
dB
58
18
M12
4. ng hi y thp
Nng trung bnh ca pha hi nh thp:
Ta c xW = 0,03 suy ra tD = 95,380C v yD = 0,1608
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct
M HW = y W . M R + ( 1 y W ) . M N =0,1608.32+ ( 10,1608 ) .18=20,25 kg/kmol
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn ct l:

HL=
P . M HL
1.20,25
=
=0,67 kg /m3
R . T HL 22,4
.(95,38+273)
273
Chn vn tc hi ra khi nh thp l vHW = 100 m/s

Dng knh trong ca ng ni
D ng hi y thp =
4. G W
4.1080,3
=
=0.076 m
3600. HW . . v HW
3600.0,67 . .100

Page 48
z
ci
4
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Tra bng XIII.32 trang 436, [2] suy ra chiu di on ng ni l: l = 120 mm

Dy
Dn
mm
100
108
205
170
Dl
Bu lng
dB
148
18
M16
z
ci
4
5. ng dn lng ra khi y thp

Ta c: xW = 0,03 suy ra tw = 95,380C bng I2 trang 10, [1] suy ra:
-
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: N =961,23 kg/m
3

1 xW 1 xW
= +
W =945,3 kg/m 3
W R
N

Chn vn tc cht lng trong ng ni l vLD = 0,5 m/s
ng knh trong ca ng ni
D ng honlu=
4. GD
4.1080,3
=
=0.028 m
3600. LD . . v LD
3600.945,3 . .0,5

Dy
Dn
mm
32
38
135
VII.
Dl
Bu lng
dB
100
78
18
M16
Knh quan st
Chn ng knh trong ca knh quan st l Dtr = 100 mm ta c cc thng s sau:

ng knh ngoi Dng = 180 m
S bulng gp knh vi thp z = 16
ng knh bulng dB = M8 mm
Page 49
z
ci
4
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Khong cch gia hai bulng l h = 160 mm
CHNG VI: TNH THIT B PH

I.
Tnh chiu cao bn cao v:
Chn ng knh ng dn nguyn liu (nhp liu): d = 25 (mm), nhm ca ng

=0,1(mm).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi
nhit trung bnh ttbF =
t F t'F
2
= 54,85 oC:
Page 50
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Khi lng ring: F = 985,7 (Kg/m3).

nht ng lc: F = 0,508.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc ca dng nhp liu trong ng dn:
vF =
QF 1,7
1,7
4
.
.
2
3600 .d
3600 .0,025 2
= 0,96 (m/s).
1. Tn tht ng ng dn:
v
l
h1 1 . 1 1 . F
d1
2. g
2
(m).
Vi: + 1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.

+ l1 : chiu di ng ng dn, chn l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ng dn, d1 = d = 0,025(m).
+ 1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
+ vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, vF = 0,96(m/s).
* Xc nh 1 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
Re 1
v F .d1 . F 0,96.0,025.985,7
F
0,508.10 3
= 46568,5
Ta ti liu II.60, II.62 trang 378, [1] v bng II.15 trang 381, [1] ta c:
Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh1=
d
6. 1

25
6.
0,1
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:
Page 51
=3301,1
Ren1=
d
220. 1

25
220.
0,1
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

9
=109674,38
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chy qu , khi tra II.64 trang 380, [1] ta c :
1=
100
0,1. 1,46.
d 1 Re
0, 25
0,03
* Xc nh 1:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
10 ch un cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.

3 van (van cu): v1= 3.1 = 3.
1 ln t thu: t1 = 0,5.
1 ln t m: m1 = 1.
1 lu lng k: l1 = 0 (khng ng k).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 15,5.
0,03.
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn: h1=
20
0,96 2
15,5 .
0,025
2.9,81
=1,86(m)
2. Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
v
l
h2 2 . 2 2 . 2
d2
2. g
2
(m).

+ l2 : chiu di ng ng dn, l2 = 40(m).
+ d2 : ng knh ng dn, d2 = 0,021(m).
+ v2 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v2 = 1(m/s).
Page 52
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
* Xc nh 2 :
Re 2
v 2 .d 2 . F 1.0,021.985,7
F
0,508.10 3
= 40747,4
d
6. 1

21
6.
0,1
=2704,68
d
220. 1

Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm: Re n2=

=90140,4
21
220.
0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Re2< Ren2: khu vc chy qu , khi tra II.64 trang 380, [1] ta c :
2=
100
0,1. 1,46.
d 2 Re 2
0, 25
0,1
100
0,1. 1,46.
21 40747,4
0 , 25
* Xc nh 2:
9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q2=9.1,1 = 9,9

1 ch un cong: u2= 1,1.
1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,3.
1 ln m rng: m2 =
0,0212
1
0,025 2
0,087
Suy ra: 2 = u2 + q2 + c2+ m 2 =11,387

Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
0,031.
h2=
40
12
11,387 .
0,021
2.9,81
Page 53
=3,6(m).
0,0311
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
3. Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:
v
l
h3 3 . 3 3 . 3
d3
2. g
2
(m).

+ l3 : chiu di ng ng dn, l3 = 15(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ng dn, d3 = 0,021(m).
+ v3 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v3 = 1,155(m/s).
* Xc nh 3 :
Re 3
v3 .d 3 . F 1,155.0,021.985,7
F
0,508.10 3
= 47063,3
d
6. 3

21
6.
0,1
=2704,68.
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:Re n3=
d
220. 3

21
220.
0,1
=90140,38.
Suy ra: Regh3 < Re3 < Ren3: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]):
3=
100
0,1. 1,46.
d 3 Re 3
0, 25
0,1
100
0,1. 1,46.
21 47063,3
* Xc nh 3:
Page 54
0 , 25
0,0309
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q3=9.1,1 = 9,9,
1 ch un cong: u3= 1,1.
1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,385.
1 ln m rng: m2 =
0,0212
1
0,05 2
0,6783
Suy ra: 3 = u3 + q3 + c3+ m 3 =12,0633.

Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit:
0,0309.
h3=
15
1,155 2
12,0633 .
0,021
2.9,81
=2,32(m).
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.

+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt ct ti v tr nhp liu thp.
Ap dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
z1 +
2
hay z1 = z2 +
P1
F .g
P2 P1 v 2 v1
F .g
2.g
v1
2.g
= z2 +
P2
F .g
v2
2. g
+hf1-2
+hf1-2
Vi: + z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao bn cao
v Hcv = z1.
+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao t v tr
nhp liu ti mt t:
z2 = hchn + hnp + (Nchng+1) .(h + mm )
= 0,12 + 0,15 + 7.(0,41 + 0,003) = 3,2 (m).
+ P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
Page 55
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
+ P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2).

Xem P=P2 P1 =Nct .
Pct
= 14 . 321,19 = 4496,7 (N/m2).
v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).

v1 : vn tc ti v tr nhp liu, v1 = vF = 0,96 (m/s).
hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 1,86 + 3,6 + 2,32 = 7,78(m).
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v: Hcv = z2 +
P2 P1 v 2 v1
F .g
2.g
+hf1-2
4496,7
0,96 2 0
985,7.9,81
2.9,81
=3,2 +
+ 7,78
= 11,49(m).
Chn Hcv = 12(m).
II.
Chn bm
Ta c: xf = 0,2 (phn mol) suy ra tF = 81,7 trang bng I.2 trang 10, [1] thu c:
3
Khi lng ring ca nc: N =970,81kg /m
3
Suy ra:
x F 1x F
R
N
F =
Lu lng nhp liu: VF =
G F 1500
1,64
F
912
(m3/h).
Page 56
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Chn bm c nng sut l Q b = 1,5 (m3/h).ng knh ng ht, ng y bng nhau v

bng 21(mm), ngha l chn ng 25x2.
'
0
nhit trung bnh t F =28 C

nht ng lc: F = 1,772.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v y:

4.Qb
vht = vy =
3600. .d h
4.1,5
3600. ,0,0212
= 1,2(m/s).
1. Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:
hhd =
v
l l
. h d h d . h
dh
2.g
2
Vi: + lh : chiu di ng ht, chn lh = 2 (m).

+ ld : chiu di ng y, chn ld = 12 (m).
+ h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht.
+ d : tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
+ : h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
* Xc nh :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu: Re=
v h .d h . F 1,2.0,021.964,2
F
1,772.10 3
=13712,1
Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh=
d
6. h

21
6.
0,1
Page 57
=2704,68.
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm: Ren=
d
220. h

21
220.
0,1
=90140,38.
Suy ra: Regh < Re < Ren: khu vc chy qu , tra II.64 trang 380, [1] ta c:
100
0,1. 1,46.
d h Re
0 , 25
0,1
100
0,1. 1,46.
0,021 13712,1
0, 25
0.162
* Xc nh h:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng ht qua:
1 van cu: vh= 10.

1 ln vo ming thu nh: t = 5.
Suy ra: h = vh + t =10,5.

* Xc nh d:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng y qua:
1 van cu: vd= 10.

2 ln un gc: u =2.1,1 = 2,2.
Suy ra: h = vd + u =12,2.
2. Kt lun
Vy:Tn tht trong ng ht v ng y:
2 12
1,2 2
10,5 12,2 .
0,162.
0,021
2.9,81
hhd =
=9,6(m).
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thng cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.

+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt thng cht lng trong bn cao v.
p dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
Page 58
z1 +
P1
F .g
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
v1
2.g
+ Hb= z2 +
P2
F .g
v2
2.g
+hf1-2
Vi: + z1: cao mt thng (1-1) so vi mt t.

+ z2: cao mt thng (2-2) so vi mt t.
+ P1 : p sut ti mt thng (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
+ P2 : p sut ti mt thng (2-2), chn P2 = 1 at.
+ v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thng (1-1) v(2-2), xem v1=v2= 0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
+ Hb : ct p ca bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = Hcv + hhd = 10 +9,6 =19,6 (m cht lng)
Chn hiu sut ca bm: b = 0,8.
Cng sut thc t ca bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 1,5.19,6.964,2.9,81
3600. b
3600.0,8
= 96,6(W) = 0,13 (hp).

Tm li: m bo thp hot ng lin tc ta chn bm li tm loi XM v Q b = 1,5
(m /h) v ru l cht khng c hi.
3
III.
Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:

Chn thit b ngng t v ng loi TH t nm ngang.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng: 25x2, chiu di
ng l L = 1,5 (m).
Chn nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t 1 = 28oC, nhit cui: t2 =
40oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi
nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
2
=34oC:
Page 59
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
1. Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:
GN =
Qnt
1,197.10 6
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600.4,181.(40 28)
= 6,627 (Kg/s).
2. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Qnt
K .t log
,(m2)
Ftb =
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.
+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
* Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
t log
(65,4 28) (65,4 40)
65,4 28
Ln
65,4 40
310C
*Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:

H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K
1
1
1
rt
N
R
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ R : h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t (W/m2.oK).
Page 60
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu.
3. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: vN = 0,75 (m/s).
S ng trong mt ng nc:
n
GN
4
6,627
4
.
.
~ 26
2
N .d tr .v N 994,4 .0,0212.0,75
Re N
Chun s Reynolds :
(ng).
v N . d tr . N 0,75.0,021.994,4
21247,86
N
0,7371.10 3
Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
> 104 : ch chy ri,

PrN
0, 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo Re N v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
L
1,5
50
d tr 0,021
ng:ReN=21247,86 v
,nn l =1.
o
PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34 C, nn PrN = 5.
Prw : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Nu N
Suy ra:
181,707
0 , 25
Prw
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:
N =
Nu N . N 181,707.0,6242 5401,024
0 , 25
0 , 25
d tr
PrN .0,021
PrN
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:
Page 61
q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
5401,024
(t w 2 34)
0 , 25
PrN
(W/m2)
(IV.4).
Vi tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng).
4. Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi ru (ngoi ng).
rt t rc
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: rc = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/3181,818 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 3181,818.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.5)
5. H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:
R 0,725.4
rR . R . R
R .d ng
3
0,725.4
rR .R . R
A
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng (65,4 t w1 ) 0, 25

3
t: A=
vi [rR]=[J/kg].
n nhit ngng t: rR = rD = 1124,85 (KJ/kg)

Nhit ti ngoi thnh ng:
Page 62
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
qR = R.(65,4-tw1) = A.(65,4-tw1)0,75
(IV.6).
T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dng phng php lp xc nh tw1, tw2 :

Chn: tw1 = 53,7oC :
Cc tnh cht l hc ca ru ngng t c tra bng I.2 trang 10, [1] ng vi nhit
t D t w1 65,4 53,7
59,55
2
2
trung bnh ttbD =
C:
Khi lng ring: R = 756,405 (Kg/m3).

nht ng lc: R = 0,638.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: R = 0,2056 (W/moK).
r . .
1124,85.1000.0,2056 3.756,405 2
0,725.4 R R R 0,7254
3145,44
R .d ng
0,638.10 3.0,025
3
Khi : A=
T (IV.6): qR = 3145,44.(65,4-53,7)0,75 = 19898,54 (W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qR =19898,54 (W/m2).
qt
3181,818
=47,450C
T (IV.5), ta c: tw2 = tw1-
Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 t w 2
2
53,7 47,45
50,58 0 C
2
Ta c ttbw = 50,580C nn suy ra Prw = 7,43

5401,024
.( 47,45 34) 43999,849
7,430, 25
(W/m2).
T (IV.4): qN =
6. Kim tra sai s:

qN q R
qR
43999,849 19898,54
19898,54
=1,21% < 5% : tho.

Page 63
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Vy: tw1 = 53,7oC v tw2 = 47,45oC.

N
5401,024
3281,35
7,34 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
Khi :
R
3281,35
1774,21
(65,4 53,7) 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
K
Ta c:
1
845,54
1
1
1
3281,35 3181,818 1774,21
(W/m2.oC).
Nh vy: b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Ftb
1,197.10 6.1000
3600.845,54.31
= 12,68 (m2).
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit : L=
12,68
6,75
0,025 0,021
.26.
2
(m).
L' 6,75
~5
L
1,5
So vi L = 1,5(m) th s ng nc l
(ng nc).
Khi s ng tng ln 5 ln: n=26.5 =130 (ng) ~ chn n = 140 (ng).

Kim tra h s cp nhit ca ru khi c k n s nh hng ca s sp sp, b tr
ng. Chn cch xp ng thng hng, b tr theo dng lc gic u,vy vi 140 ng th ta
xp c 23 hnh lc gic u c cng tm
Khi : chiu di ng truyn nhit: L=
12,68
0.025 0.021
.140.
2
= 1,25(m) < 1,5 (m) tho
Vy : Thit b ngng t sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit v ng gm

n=140(ng), di L=1,5(m).
Page 64
IV.
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Ni un gia nhit sn phm y:
Chn ni un gia nhit sn phm y l ni un Kettle, ng truyn nhit c lm

bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 25x2.
Chn hi t l hi nc 2 at, i trong ng 25x2. Tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp1)], ta
c:
Nhit si: tsN = 119,6oC.
An nhit ngng t: rN = 2208 (KJ/kg).

Sn phm y trc khi vo ni un c nhit l t W = 95,38oC (do xw=0,03 phn
mol ), nhit ra l t1 = 100oC.
1. Sut lng hi nc cn dng :

Lng nhit cn ti cung cp cho y thp: Q = 363,48 (KW).
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
GhN =
Qd 363,48
rN
2208
= 0,165 (Kg/s).
Qd
K .t log
,(m2)
Ftb =
*Xc nh tlog :
t log
(119,6 95,38) (119,6 100)

21,92
119,6 95,38
Ln
119,6 100
(oK).

Page 65
K
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
1
1
1
rt
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.oK).
3. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc:
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
N =
rN
0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
0 , 25
2208.1000
0,725. A.
(119,6 t w1 ).0,021
0, 25
73,415. A
(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 25
Vi: + tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc(trong ng).

+ A : h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt l nc theo nhit , c tra ti
liu tham kho [2].
Nhit ti pha hi:
q N N .(t sN t w1 ) 73,415. A.(119,6 t w1 ) 0,75
(W/m2)
4. Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong :
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (ngoi ng).
Page 66
rt
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm y: r2 =1/500(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).

Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
5. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y:
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y c xc nh theo cng thc (ch si si bt v xem
sn phm y nh l nc):
D =
4186,8
3600
.39.p0,5.(tw2 100)2,33
Vi: p: p sut t nhit si ca sn phm y, khi p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).

Suy ra: D = 14343,143(tw2 100)2,33
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:
q D D .(t w 2 100) 14343,143(t w 2 100) 3,33
(W/m2)
Chn: tw1 = 116,655oC :
Khi , nhit trung bnh

c: A = 187,1574
119,6 116,655
2
= 118,128oC ta tra bng trang 120, [3] thu
Ta c: qN =73,415.187,1574.(119,6-116,655)0,75
= 30889,133(W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qN =30889,133 (W/m2).
Page 67
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
qt
1944,444
=100,769oC
Mt khc ta c: tw2 = tw1-
Suy ra: qD =14343,143.(100,769-100)3,33=31708,196(W/m2).
6. Kim tra sai s:

qN q D
qD
30889,133 31708,196
30889,133
=2,65% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 116,655oC v tw2 = 100,769oC.

N
73,415.187,1574
10488,670
(119,6 116,655) 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
Khi :
D 14343,143.(100,769 100) 3,33 24986,758
(W/m2.oC).
1
1539,295
1
1
1
10488,670 1944,444 24986,758
(W/m2.oC).
Ta c:
Ftb
363,48.1000
1539,295.21,92
= 10,77 (m2).
Nh vy b mt truyn nhit trung bnh l:

Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 140 (ng).
Chiu di ng truyn nhit: L
10,77
1,07
0,025 0,021
.140.
2
(m).
Chn: L = 1,2(m),(d tr khong 10%).

Vy: ni un gia nhit sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s ng n =
140, chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 1,2(m).
ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho hnh lc gic: b =
9(ng). Chn bc ngang gia hai ng: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,025 = 0,035 (m).
Page 68
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,035(9-1)+4.0,025 = 0,380(m).
V.
Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh:
Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. ng truyn
nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong: 16x1,6; kch thc ng ngoi:
25x2,5.
Chn:
Nc lm lnh i trong ng 16x1,6 (ng trong) vi nhit u: t 1 = 28oC, nhit
cui: t2 = 40oC.
Sn phm nh i trong ng 25x2,5 (ng ngoi) vi nhit u:t D = 65,4oC, nhit
cui: tD = 35oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
2
=34oC:
Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbD =
t D t ' D 65,4 35
50,2
2
2
C:
Nhit dung ring: cD= 2744,8 (J/kg.).

Khi lng ring: D = 770,03 (Kg/m3).
nht ng lc: D = 0,547.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: D = 0,211 (W/moK).
1. Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:

Sut lng sn phm nh:
GD = D.MD = 13,47.31,16 = 419,7 (Kg/h) = 0,12 (Kg/s).
Lng nhit cn ti:
Page 69
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
QD = GD.cD.(tD-tD) = 0,12. 2744,8.(65,4 - 35) =10013,03(J/s) =10,01(KJ/s).

Sut lng nc cn dng:
GN =
QD
10,01
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4.181.(40 28)
= 0,2 (Kg/s).
QD
K .t log
,(m2)
Ftb =
*Xc nh tlog :
t log
(65,4 40) (35 28)

14,3
65,4 40
Ln
35 28
(oK).

K
1
1
1
rt
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh (W/m2.oK).
*Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh ng ngoi:
Page 70
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Vn tc ca sn phm nh i trong ng ngoi:

vD
GD
4
0,12
4
.
.
1,38
2
2
2
D .( D tr d ng ). 770,03 .(0,02 0,016 2 )
(m/s).
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,02- 0,016 = 0,004 (m).
Chun s Reynolds tra II.58 trang 377, [1] ta c:
Re D
v D. d td . D 1,38.0,004.770,03
7770,69
D
0,547.10 3
Nu D C. l . PrD
0, 43
chun s Nusselt c dng:
.(
> 2320 : ch qu , cng thc xc nh

PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc t l chiu di ng vi ng knh ng1, chn l =1.
C : h s ph thuc vo chun s Reynolds, ReD = 3291,24 nn C = 17,096.
.c
0,547.10 3.2744,8
PrD D D
D
0,211
PrD : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 50,2oC, nn
=
7,12.
Prw1 : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Nu D
Suy ra:
35,610
0 , 25
Prw1
H s cp nhit ca sn phm nh trong ng ngoi:
D =
Nu D . D
35,610.0,211 1878,43
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prw1 .0,004 Prw1
Nhit ti pha sn phm nh:

q D D .(t tbD t w1 )
1878,43
Prw1
0 , 25
Page 71
(50,2 t w1 )
(W/m2)
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Vi tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm nh (ngoi ng nh).
Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong :
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng nh).
rt t r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 1,6 (mm).

Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm nh: r2 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2034,884 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 2034,884.(tw1-tw2)
*Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng nh:
Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vN
GN
4
0,2
4
.
.
1,56
2
N .d tr 994,4 .0,0128 2
(m/s).
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N 1,56.0,0128.994,4
26938,24
N
0,7371.10 3
Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
> 104 : ch chy ri, cng thc xc nh

0 ,8
PrN
Page 72
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw 2
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo Re N v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
ng:ReN=26938,24 ,chn l =1.
PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC, nn PrN = 5.
Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Nu N
Suy ra:
193,204
0 , 25
Prw 2
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:
N =
Nu N . N 193,204.0,6242 9421,714
0 , 25
0, 25
d tr
Prw 2 .0,0128
Prw2
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
9421,714
(t w 2 34)
0 , 25
Prw 2
(W/m2)
Chn: tw1 = 42,65oC :

Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi nhit
tw1=42,65oC:
Nhit dung ring: cR= 2681,93 (J/kg.).

nht ng lc: R = 0,425.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Khi xem:Prw1 ~
R .c R 0,425.10 3.2681,93
5,48
R
0,208
Suy ra:
1806,339
.(56,75 42,65) 16646,51
5,48 0, 25
(W/m2).
qD =
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qD =16646,51 (W/m2).

Page 73
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
qt
2034,884
=34,47oC
Ta c: tw2 = tw1-
Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 t w 2
2
42,65 34,47
38,56
2
Tra ti liu tham kho [1], Prw2 = 4,3

Suy ra
9421,714
.(34,47 34) 3075,11
4,3 0, 25
qN =
(W/m2).
3. Kim tra sai s

Ta c:
qN q D
qD
16646,51 3075,11
16646,51
=0,82% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 42,65oC v tw2 = 34,47oC.

N
9421,714
6542,79
4,3 0, 25
Khi :
D
(W/m2.oC).
1806,339
1180,6
5,48 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
Suy ra:
K
1
670,55
1
1
1
6542,79 2034,884 1180,6
(W/m2.oC).
Vy b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
Page 74
Ftb
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
10,01.1000
670,55.18,478
= 0,808 (m2).
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :
0,808
17,86
0,016 0,0128
.
2
(m).
Chn: L = 20(m),(d tr khong 15%).
Kim tra:
L
20
1562,5 50
d tr 0,0128
th l = 1: tho.
Vy: thit b lm mt sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu di

ng truyn nhit L = 20(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 2 (m).
VI.
Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y:
Chn thit b thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit
ng lng ng. Ong truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong:
25x2 ; kch thc ng ngoi: 38x2.
Dng nhp liu i trong ng 25x2 (ng trong) vi nhit u: tF = 28oC.
Sn phm y i trong ng 38x2 (ng ngoi)vi nhit u: t W = 95,38oC, nhit cui:
tW = 60oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbW =
t 'W tW
2
=77,7oC:
Nhit dung ring: cW = 4,094 (KJ/kg.).

Khi lng ring: W = 958,1 (Kg/m3).
nht ng lc: W = 0,363.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: W = 0,6 (W/moK).
1. Nhit dng nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:

Sut lng sn phm y:
GW = W.MW = 58,65.18,42 = 1080,3 (Kg/h).
Page 75
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Lng nhit cn ti:
Qt =
GW
3600
.cW.(tW-tW) =
1080,3
3600
.4,094.(95,38-60)=43,47(KW).
28oC, ta xem nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh l hng s, hay nhit dung ring ca
ru cR = 2,595 (KJ/kg.).
Suy ra: cF = cR .
xF
+(1-
xF
).4,18 = 2,595.0,31+(1-0,31).4,18 = 3,69 (KJ/kg.).
Nhit sn phm nh sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:

Qt
t'F
c F .G F
tF =
43,47
28
1500
3,69.
3600
= 56,27oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi
t" F t ' F 56,3 28
42,2
2
2
C:

nht ng lc: F = 0,55.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: F = 0,402 (W/moK).
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
Ftb =
*Xc nh tlog :
Page 76
t log
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
(95,38 56,27) (60 28)

35,44
95,38 56,27
Ln
60 28
(oK).

K
1
1
1
rt
F
W
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + F : h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu (W/m2.oK).

+ W : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.oK).
*Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu ng trong:
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng:
vF
GF
4
1500
4
.
.
1,32
2
3600. F .d tr 3600.910,91 .0,0212
(m/s).
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F d tr . F 1,32.0,021.910,91
45909,9
F
0.55.10 3
Nu F 0,021. l . Re F

0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw2
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo Re F v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh ng:
ReF=45909,9 ,chn l =1.
Page 77
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 42,2 oC, nn
Pr F =
F .c F 0,55.10 3.3560,3
F
0,402
= 4,87.
Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Nu F
Suy ra:
195,346
0 , 25
Prw 2
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
N =
Nu F . F 195,346.0,42 3906,92
0 , 25
0 , 25
d tr
Prw 2 .0,021 Prw 2
Nhit ti pha dng nhp liu:

q F F .(t w 2 t tbF )
3906,92
Prw 2
0 , 25
(t w 2 42,2)
(W/m2)
Vi: tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi dng nhp liu (trong ng nh).
*Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (trong ng nh).
rt t r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2(mm).

Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Page 78
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
*Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y ngoi ng nh:
Vn tc nc i trong ng ngoi:
vW
GW
4
1080,3
4
.
.
2
2
2
3600. W .( D tr d ng ) 3600.958,1 .(0,034 0,025 2 )
= 0,75(m/s).
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,034- 0,025 = 0,009 (m).
Chun s Reynolds :
Re W
vW d td . W 0,75.0,009.958,1
17815,9
W
0,363.10 3
NuW 0,021. l . Re W
0 ,8
PrW
0 , 43
.(
PrW 0, 25
)
Prw1
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo Re W v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
ng:ReW=17815,9 ,chn l =1.
PrW : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm y 80 oC, xem sn phm gn nh l nc nn Pr W
= 2,21.
NuW
Suy ra:
90,58
Prw1
0, 25
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y trong ng ngoi:
W =
NuW .W
90,58.0,6
6038,7
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prw1 .0,009 Prw1
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:

qW W .(t tbD t w1 )
6038,7
Prw1
0, 25
Page 79
(77,7 t w1 )
(W/m2)
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Chn: tw1 = 72,1oC :

Khi xem:Prw1 ~ 2,487 (tra tw1).
6038,7
.(77,7 72,1) 26928,5
2,487 0, 25
(W/m2).
Ta c: qW =
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qW =26928,5 (W/m2).

qt
1944,444
=58,25oC
Ta c: tw2 = tw1-
Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 t w 2
2
72,1 58,25
65,2
2
nhit trung bnh ttbw = 65,2 oC:
Nhit dung ring: cR = 3,62 (KJ/kg.).
nht ng lc: R = 0,407.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Khi : Prw2 =
c R . R 3620.0,407.10 3
R
0,39
3906,92
(58,25 42,2)
3,8 0, 25
Ta c : qF =
= 3,8
= 44912,1(W/m2).
3. Kim tra sai s:

qW q F
qW
26928,5 44912,1
26928.5
=0,66% < 5%: tho.
Vy: tw1 = 72,1oC v tw2 = 55,087oC.

W
Khi :
6038,7
4808,7
2,487 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
Page 80
F
4808,7
3444,12
3,8 0, 25
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
(W/m2.oC).
1
987,6
1
1
1
3444,12 1944,444 4808,7
(W/m2.oC).
Suy ra:
Ftb
Nh vy b mt truyn nhit trung bnh l:
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit : L
43,47.1000
987,6.35,44
= 1,24 (m2).
1,24
17,16
0,025 0,021
.
2
(m).
Kim tra:
L
21
1000 50
d tr 0,021
th l = 1: tho.
Vy: thit b trao i nhit gia dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi
chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 18(m), chia thnh 9 dy, mi dy di 2 (m).
VII.
Thit gia nhit nhp liu :
Chn thit b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. Ong truyn nhit
c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong:25x2; kch thc ng ngoi: 38x2.
Dng nhp liu i trong ng 25x2 (ng trong) vi nhit u: tF =56,27oC ,nhit cui:
tF =81,7oC.
Chn hi t l hi nc 1 at, i trong ng 38x2(ng ngoi). Tra ti liu tham kho [1]ta
c:
Nhit si: tsN = 100oC.

An nhit ngng t: rN = 2260 (KJ/kg).
Page 81
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
t " F t F
2
=69oC:
Nhit dung ring: cF = 3,634 (KJ/kg.).

nht ng lc: F = 0,37.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: F = 0,39 (W/moK).
1. Sut lng hi nc cn dng :

Lng nhit cn ti cung cp cho dng nhp liu:
Qc =
GF
3600
.cF.(tF tF) =
1500
3600
.3,634.(81,7 - 56,27)=38,5 (KW).
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
GhN =
Qc
38,5
rN 2260
= 0,017 (Kg/s).
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
Ftb =
*Xc nh tlog :
t log
(100 56,27) (100 81,7)

29,19
100 56,27
Ln
100 81,7
Page 82
(oK).
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

K
1
1
1
rt
F
N
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + F : h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu (W/m2.oK).

+ N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng ngoi:
vF
GF
4
1500
4
.
.
2
3600. F .d ng 3600.917,59 .0,0212
Re F
Chun s Reynolds :
= 1,3 (m/s).
v F d td . F 1,3.0,009.917,59
29015,7
F
0,37.10 3
Nu F 0,021. l . Re F
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
> 104 : ch chy

0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw2
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo Re W v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
ng:ReW=29015,7 ,chn l =1.
c F . F 3634.0,37.10 3
F
0,39
o
PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 69 C, nn PrF =
= 3,44
Nu F
Suy ra:
180,79
0, 25
Prw2
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:

Page 83
F =
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
Nu F . F
180,79.0,39
7834,2
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prw 2 .0,009 Prw2
Nhit ti pha dng nhp liu:

q F F .(t w 2 t tbF )
7834,2
(t w 2 69)
0 , 25
Prw 2
(W/m2) (IV.24).
Vi tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi dng nhp liu (trong ng nh).

* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
, (W/m2).
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc (ngoi ng nh).
rt t r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2(mm).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r 1 = 1/5000

2 o
(m . K/W).

Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc trong ng nh:
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,034- 0,025 = 0,009 (m)
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
N=
rN
0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d td
0, 25
2260.1000
0,725. A.
(100 t w1 ).0,009
Page 84
0 , 25
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
91,265. A
(100 t w1 ) 0, 25
Nhit ti pha hi nc:

q N N .(t sN t w1 ) 91,265. A.(100 t w1 ) 0, 75
(W/m2) (IV.26).
Chn: tw1 = 97,44oC :
Khi , nhit trung bnh
100 97,44
2
= 98,72oC ta tra c A = 178,36
Ta c: qN =91,265.178,36.(100 96,92)0,75
= 32944,407(W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qW =32944,407 (W/m2).
qt
1944,444
Mc khc ta c: tw2 = tw1-
=80,497oC
t w1 t w 2
2
97,44 80,497
89
2
Suy ra: ttbw =
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra bng I.249 trang 310, [1] ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbw = 89 oC:
Nhit dung ring: cR = 3,69 (KJ/kg.).

nht ng lc: R = 0,288.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Khi : Prw2 =
c R . R 3,69.0,288.10 3
R
0,389
= 2,7
7834,2
.(80,497 69) 70264,9
2,7 0, 25
Suy ra: qF =
(W/m2).
Page 85
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
3. Kim tra sai s:

qN q F
qN
32944,407 70264,9
32944,407
=1,13% < 5%: tho.
Vy: tw1 = 97,44oC v tw2 = 80,497oC.

N
91,265.178,36
12868,909
(100 97,44) 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
Khi :
F
7834,2
6111,6
2,7 0, 25
(W/m2.oC).
K
1
1
1
1
6111,6 1944,444 12868,909
1323,4
(W/m2.oC).
Ta c:
Ftb
38,5.1000
1323,4.29,19
= 0,9966 (m2).
Suy ra b mt truyn nhit trung bnh l:
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit : L
0,9966
13,79
0,025 0,021
.
2
(m).
Kim tra:
L
17
809,5 50
d tr 0,021
th l = 1: tho.
Vy: thit b gia nhit dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu di
ng truyn nhit L = 15(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 1,5 (m).
Page 86
GVHD: Tin Tin Nam
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] . S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (tp 1) Nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut.
[2] . S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (tp 2) Nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut.
[3] . H L Vin Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ho cht Nh xut bn
khoa hc v k thut H Ni 1978.
[4] . Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th - Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc,
Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit(tp 5) Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia TP.HCM.
[5] . Phm Vn Bn, V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam Qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ho hc, V d v bi tp(tp 10) - Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM
[6] .Tp th ging vin B Mn C Lu Cht Gio Trnh C Lu Cht Trng
i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[7] . V Vn Ban, V B Minh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc, truyn
khi(tp 3) Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
Page 87

Do An Qua Trinh Thiet Bi

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Do An Qua Trinh Thiet Bi

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n mn hc Qu Trnh v Thit B

GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

II. L thuyt v chng ct.............................................................................................. 8

Cc phng php chng ct................................................................................... 9

Phn loi theo p sut lm vic.........................................................................9

Phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic......................................................................9

Phn loi theo phng php cp nhit y thp.................................................9

Thit b chng ct................................................................................................. 9

CHNG II: THUYT MINH QUY TRNH..........................................................................12

II. Ch thch cc thit b trong qui trnh.........................................................................12

II. Cn bng vt cht.................................................................................................. 14

Nng phn khi lng ca methanol trong thp...................................................14

Sut lng mol ca cc dng................................................................................15

III. Xc nh t s hon lu thch hp.............................................................................15

Phng trnh ng lm vic s mm l thuyt........................................................16

Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :........................................................17

S mm thc t ca thp NTT:............................................................................... 18

VI. Cn bng nng lng............................................................................................. 19

GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

CHNG IV: TNH KCH THC THP V MM..............................................................22

II. Chiu cao thp chng ct........................................................................................ 27

Chiu cao ca thp.............................................................................................. 27

Chiu cao y (np)............................................................................................ 27

Tr lc thu tnh do cht lng trn a to ra...........................................................30

Tng tr thu lc ca thp................................................................................... 32

Kim tra hot ng ca mm................................................................................ 33

CHNG V: TNH C KH............................................................................................... 33

Cc thng s cn tra v chn phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton.....................................36

III. Bch ghp thn y v np....................................................................................... 38

Tnh trng lng ton thp..................................................................................39

Tnh chn thp.............................................................................................. 39

VI. Ca ni ng dn vi thit b - bch ni cc b phn ca thit b vi ng dn......................40

ng dn lng ra khi y thp.............................................................................. 43

VII. Knh quan st....................................................................................................... 44

GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

CHNG VI: TNH THIT B PH.................................................................................... 45

Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:................................................46

Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:.........................................48

II. Chn bm............................................................................................................ 50

Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:...................................................................51

III. Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:............................................................................. 53

Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:.............................................53

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................53

Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:..........................................................54

Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:........................................................................55

H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:..........................................................................55

Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 56

IV. Ni un gia nhit sn phm y:...............................................................................57

Sut lng hi nc cn dng :.............................................................................58

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................58

Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:........................................................................59

Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y:............................................................60

Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 60

Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh:............................................................................61

Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:..............................................62

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................62

Kim tra sai s................................................................................................... 66

VI. Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y:................................................67

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................68

Kim tra sai s:.................................................................................................. 72

VII. Thit gia nhit nhp liu :........................................................................................ 73

Sut lng hi nc cn dng :.............................................................................73

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :..............................................................................73