PHƯƠNG TRÌNH- BẤT PT-HỆ PT VÔ TỶ

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T
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PHN I
-----------------------------------------------------------------PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH
------------------------------------------------------------------CC DNG C BN
B 0
A B
2
A B
B 0
A B
A B
B 0
A B
A B
B 0
A B A 0
A B2
A 0
B 0
A B
B 0
A B2
TNG QUT:
i vi nhng nhng phng trnh, bt phng
trnh khng c dng chun nh trn, ta thc hin:
- t iu kin cho cn thc c ngha,
- Chuyn v sao cho 2 v u khng m,
- Bnh phng c hai v kh cn.
V D - BI TP
V d 1: Gii cc phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau:
1.
4 2x x 2 x 2
2.
x 4 1 x 1 2x
3.
x 2 4x 5 3x 17
4.
3x 2 19x 20 4x 4
5.
x 12 2x 1 x 3
4 2x x 2 x 2
x 2 0
2
2
4 2x x x 2
x 2
x 2
2
x 3
x 0 x 3
x 3x 0
Vy: x 3
1.
x 4 1 x 1 2x
2.
x 4 1 x 1 2x
x 4 0
1
iu kin: 1 x 0 4 x
2
1 2x 0
CAO HONG NAM
x 4 2 3x 2 2x 2 3x 1
2x 1 2x 2 3x 1
2x 1 0
2
2
(2x 1) 2x 3x 1
2x 1 0
2
2
4x 4x 1 2x 3x 1
1
2
x 0 x 7
2x 2 7x 0
2
So iu kin nhn x 0
Vy: x 0
3.
x0
x 2 4x 5 3x 17
x 2 4x 5 0
3x 17 0
x 2 4x 5 (3x 17) 2
x 1 x 5
x
1
x
5
17
17
x
x
3
3
2
21
8x 98x 294 0
x 4 x 7
x7
Vy: x 7
4.
3x 2 19x 20 4x 4
4x 4 0
4x 4 0
2
2
2
3x 19x 20 0 3x 19x 20 (4x 4)
x 1
x 1
4 2
13x 51x 4 0
x 5 x 3
x 1
4
x 5 x 1 1
3
x4
13
4
x 5 x 1 1 x 4
3
4
Vy: x 5 x 1 1 x 4
3
5.
x 12 2x 1 x 3
x 12 x 3 2x 1 (*)
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Trang 1
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CAO HONG NAM
x 9
2
4x 6x 54 0
x 9
9
x x 3
9
2
x 2 x 3
So iu kin nhn x 3
Vy: x 3
x 12 0
iu kin: x 3 0 x 3
2x 1 0
(*) x 12 x 3 2x 1
x 12 x 3 2x 1 2 (x 3)(2x 1)
14 2x 2 (x 3)(2x 1)
(x 3)(2x 1) 7 x
(x 3)(2x 1) 0
7 x 0
(x 3)(2x 1) 49 14x x 2
2.
Do
x 16
5
x 3
x 3
x 3
2
3. (x 1) 16x 17 8x 15x 23
2
2.
4. (x 3) x 4 x 9
2
1.
5.
2x 2 8x 6 x 2 1 2x 2
6.
51 2x x 2
1
1 x
6
3 x 9 5x (1)
3 x
3 x 0
9
x
iu kin:
5
9 5x 0
(1) 9 x 5x 2 24x 27
9 x 0
2
2
81 18x x 5x 24x 27
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x 3 0 nn quy ng b mu ta c:
(2) x 2 16 8 x
x 2 16 0
8 x 0
8 x 0

x 2 16 (8 x) 2
6
3 x 9 5x
3 x
5
(2)
x 3
x 2 16 0
x 4 x 4
x4
iu kin:
x 3
x 3 0
x 2 x 3
x 7
x 2 9x 52 0
x 2 x 3
1
x 7
x 3 x 4
2
x 4 x 13
So iu kin 3 x 4 .
Vy: 3 x 4
1.
x 2 16
x 3
x 3
x 4 x 4
x 8
x 8
x 5
x 8
5 x 8
16x 80
So iu kin nhn x 5
Vy: x 5
3. (x 1) 16x 17 8x 2 15x 23 (3)
iu kin: 16x 17 0 x
17
16
(3) (x 1) 16x 17 (x 1) 8x 23
(x 1)
16x 17 8x 23 0
x 1
16x 17 8x 23
x 1
8x 23 0
16x 17 64x 2 368x 529
x 1
x 1
23
8
x 4
x 2 x 4
So iu kin nhn x 1 hoc x 4

Vy: x 1 hoc x 4
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Trang 2
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4. (x 3) x 2 4 x 2 9 (4)
iu kin: x 2 4 0 x 2 x 2
(4) (x 3)
x 4 x 3 0 (*)
2
Do ta cha bit du ca (x 3) nn ta chia lm 3

trng hp:
Trng hp 1: x 3
(*) x 4 x 3
2
x 3 0
2
x 4 0
x 3 0

x 2 4 x 2 6x 9
x 3
x 2 x 2
x 3
6x 13
x 3
13
x
13
3 x
6
6
Trng hp 2: x 3 tha (*)

Trng hp 3: x 3
(*) x 2 4 x 3
x2 4 x 3
x 2 4 0
x 3 0
x 2 4 x 2 6x 9
x 2 x 2
x 3
6x 13
x 2
x2 x 3
13
x
13
Vy: x
hoc x 3
6
5.
2x 2 8x 6 x 2 1 2x 2 (5)
2x 2 8x 6 0
x 1 x 1
iu kin: x 2 1 0
2x 2 0
Trng hp 1: x 1 tha (5).

Trng hp 2: x 1
CAO HONG NAM
(5) (x 1)(2x 6) (x 1)(x 1) 2
x 1
2x 6 x 1 2 x 1
2x 6 x 1 2 (2x 6)(x 1) 4(x 1)
2 (2x 6)(x 1) x 1
x 1
4(2x 6)(x 1) (x 1) 2
7x 2 18x 25 0
x 1
x 1
25
x 7
Vy: x 1 hoc x 1
51 2x x 2
1 (6)
1 x
iu kin:
6.
1 2 13 x 1 2 3
51 2x x 2 0
1 x 0
x 1
Do ta cha bit du ca (1 x) nn ta chia lm 2
trng hp.
Trng hp 1: 1 x 0 x 1
(6) 51 2x x 2 1 x
1 x 0
51 2x x 2 0
51 2x x 2 (1 x) 2
x 1
1 2 13 x 1 2 13
x 5 x 5
1 2 13 x 5
Trng hp 2: 1 x 0 x 1
(6) 51 2x x 2 1 x
1 x 0
2
51 2x x 0
x 1
1 2 13 x 1 2 13
1 x 1 2 13
Vy: 1 2 13 x 5 hoc 1 x 1 2 13
Trang 3
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1.
x 3 2 x 4 x 2 x 1 1
2.
x 14x 49 x 14x 49 14
3
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1
2
3.
1.
14x 49 7 0
14x 49 7
7
14x 49 0
x
2
14x 98
x 7
7
Vy: x 7
2
x 3 2 x 4 x 2 x 1 1
x 4 2 x 4 1 x 1 2 x 1 1 1
x 4 1
x 4 1
x 1 1
3.
x 1 1 1 (1)
x 4 1 2 x 1
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1
3
2
x 1 1
x 1 1
3
2
x 1 1
x 1 1
Ch : CC DNG PHNG TRNH BT

PHNG TRNH CHA DU TR TUYT I
A B
A B
A B
x 14x 49 x 14x 49 14
( 14x 49 7) ( 14x 49 7) 14
2
B 0
A B A B
A B
A B (A B)(A B) 0
14x 14 14x 49 14x 14 14x 49 14
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
14x 49 7 14x 49 7 14 (2)

iu kin: 14x 49 0 x
49
14
(2) t t 14x 49 7 14x 49 t 7

Phng trnh tr thnh:
t 7 7 t 14
t t t 0
3
2
x 1 1 2 x 1
x 1 1 1 x 1
(*)
2
(*) lun ng nn h ng vi mi x tha iu kin.
Vy: x 1
x 5
x 1 1 x 4 2 x 4
x 5
x 5
x5
x 4 1 x 5
Vy: x 5
7
x7
2
3
2
3
(3)
x 1 1 x 1 1
2
iu kin: x 1 0 x 1
1
(3) x 1 1 x 1
2
x 4 1 x 1 1 1
2 x 1 0
x 4 1 2 x 1
x 4 1 2 x 1
x 5
VN do x 5 x 4 1
x 1 1 x 4
2.
x 1 2 x 1 1 x 1 2 x 1 1
x 4 0
iu kin:
x4
x 1 0
(1)
CAO HONG NAM
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Trang 4
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A B C
3
Thay
x 3 0
3x 1 0
iu kin:
x0
x
0
2x 2 0
A B 3 3 A.B
A 3 B C
A 3 B 3 C ta c:
(2) 3x 1 2x 2 4x x 3 (*)
A B 3 3 A.B.C C
5x 3 2 (3x 1)(2x 2) 5x 3 2 4x(x 3)
f (x) g(x) h(x) k(x)
f (x) h(x) g(x) k(x)

M c:
f (x).h(x) g(x).k(x)
Bin i phng trnh v dng:
f (x) h(x) k(x) g(x)
Bnh phng, gii phng trnh h qu
V D V BI TP
V d 1: Gii phng trnh sau:
3
1.
w
x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3 0
2.
x 3 3x 1 2 x 2x 2
3.
x3 1
x 1 x2 x 1 x 3
x 3
1.
x 1 3 x 2
Ta thay
6x 2 8x 2 4x 2 12x
2x 2 4x 2 0
x 1
Th li nhn x 1
Vy: x 1
Nhn xt:
Do ta cha xc nh c 2 v phng trnh
(*) u dng nn khi bnh phng ta ch thu c
phng trnh h qu.
Bi ton vn c th gii theo cch bin i
tng ng nhng so vi cch ny th phc tp.
3.
x 3
2x 3 3 3 x 1 3 x 2
(3x 1)(2x 2) 4x(x 3)
x3 1
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 3 (3)
x 3
iu kin: x 1
x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3 0
3 x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3
x 3 3x 1 2 x 2x 2 (2)
2.
GII PHNG TRNH H QU
CAO HONG NAM
x 1 3 x 2 x 3
x3 1
x 3 x2 x 1 x 1
x 3
(3)
x3 1
x 3
x 3
3
x 1
x2 x 1
x 3
x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3
3 3 (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) 3(x 2)

(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) (x 2)3
(x 2) (x 1)(x 3) (x 2) 2 0
x2 x 1 x 1
x 1 3
x 2 2x 2 0
x 1 3
(x 2)(1) 0
x2
Th li nhn x 2
Vy: x 2
Th li nhn x 1 3 ; x 1 3
Vy: x 1 3 ; x 1 3
Nhn xt:
Nhn xt chung:
Khi thay 3 x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3 ta ch nhn
Thy trng hp phng trnh cn bc ba v
c phng trnh h qu do phng trnh u cha
phng trnh cha bn cn bc hai nh trn th ta c
bit c nghim hay khng?
th ngh n phng trnh h qu.
Bi ton cng c th gii:
Nu khi gii cch phng trnh phn trc
3 x 1 3 x 2 3 x 3
cm thy kh khn trong vic gii cc iu kin v s
st iu kin th ta cng c th gii bng phng

2x 3 3 3 x 1 3 x 2 3 x 1 3 x 2 x 3
trinh h qu sau th li.
Trang 5
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CAO HONG NAM
t 1
t 2 3t 4 0
t4
t 4
Vi t 4 x 2 5x 42 2
x 2 5x 14 0 x 2; x 7
CC DNG T MT N PH
a.f (x) b f (x) c 0; a 0.
Phng php: t t f (x), t 0
Vy: x 2 hoc x 7
a( A B) b(A B 2 AB) c 0
2. 2x 2 15 x 2 5x 6 10x
Phng php: t t A B
2x 2 10x 15 x 2 5x 6 0
a. A b. AB c. B 0
a.A x bB x c A x .B x
A B mA 2 nB2
iu kin: x 2 5x 6 0 x 1 x 6
t t x 2 5x 6
(t 0)
t 2 x 2 5x 6
Phng php: Bng cch t n ph u, v ta a c

v dng phng trnh: u 2 uv v2 0
B1: Th trng hp v = 0
B2: Xt v 0 phng trnh tr thnh :
2
u
u
0
v
v
u
phng trnh tr thnh
t t =
v
t 2 t 0
x 2 5x t 2 6
Bt phng trnh tr thnh:
2(t 2 6) 15 t 0
3
2t t 3 0
2 t 1
t 1
2
Vi t 1 x 2 5x 6 1
x 2 5x 6 1
x 2 5x 7 0
Tham s bin thin
x
V D V BI TP
Vy: x
5 53
5 53
x
2
2
5 53
5 53
x
2
2
1. (x 4)(x 1) 3 x 2 5x 2 6
2. 2x 2 15 x 2 5x 6 10x
3.
4.
2x 2 5x 2 2 2x 2 5x 6 1
x
x 1
3
x 1
x
2
1. (x 4)(x 1) 3 x 2 5x 2 6
x 2 5x 4 3 x 2 5x 2 6
x 2 5x 2 3 x 2 5x 2 0
iu kin: x 2 5x 2 0
5 17
5 17
x
2
2
t t x 2 5x 2
(t 0)
t 2 x 2 5x 2
x 2 5x t 2 2
Phng trnh tr thnh:
3.
2x 2 5x 2 2 2x 2 5x 6 1
iu kin: 2x 2 5x 6 0
5 73
5 73
x
4
4
2
(t 0)
t t 2x 5x 6
x
2x 2 5x 2 t 8
Phng trnh tr thnh:
t 8 2 t 1
t 8 1 2 t
t 8 1 2 t
7 3t 0
t 1
4 t 7 3t
2
16t (7 3t)
7
Vi t 1 2x 2 5x 6 1 x 1; x
2
7
Vy: x 1 hoc x
2
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Trang 6
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x
x 1
3
x 1
x
2
x
iu kin:
0 x 0 x 1
x 1
CAO HONG NAM
V d 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
4.
x
(t 0)
x 1
1 3
t
t
2
t t
2t 2 3t 2 0
1
t
t 2
2
Vi t
x 1 4 x x 2 3x 4 5
2.
2x 3 x 1 3x 2 2x 2 5x 3 16
x 1 4 x x 2 3x 4 5
1.
x 1 4 x (x 1)(4 x) 5
x 1 0
iu kin:
1 x 4
4 x 0
t t x 1 4 x
(t 0)
t 2 x 1 4 x 2 (x 1)(4 x)
x
1
x 1
2
x
1
0
x 1 2
x 0 x 1
1 x 1
1 x 0
x
2
x 1
x
2
x 1
x 2x 2
0
x 1
x 2
0 1 x 2
x 1
Vy: 1 x 0 hoc 1 x 2
Vi t 2
Cch khc:
x
x 1
3
(*)
x 1
x
2
x
0 x 0 x 1
iu kin:
x 1
2
x
x 1 9
(*)

x 2
x 1
x
x 1 5
x 1
x
2
2
2
2x 2(x 1) 5x(x 1)
0
2(x 1)x
1.
t2 5
(x 1)(4 x)
2
Phng trnh tr thnh:
t2 5
5
2
t 3
t 2 2t 15 0
t 3
t 5
22 5
2
x 3x 4
2
x 0
x 2 3x 4 2 x 2 3x 0
x 3
Vy: x 0 hoc x 3
2x 3 x 1 3x 2 2x 2 5x 3 16
2x 3 0
iu kin: x 1 0
x 1
2x 2 5x 3 0
t t 2x 3 x 1 (t 0)
2.
t 2 3x 4 2 2x 2 5x 3
3x 2 2x 2 5x 3 t 2 4
Phng trnh tr thnh:
t 5
t t 2 4 16 t 2 t 20 0
t 4 (loai)
Vi t 5 2x 3 x 1 5
3x 2 2x 2 5x 3 52 4
2 2x 2 5x 3 21 3x
1 x 7
2
x 146x 429 0
1 x 7
x3
x 3 x 143
x 2 x 2
0 1 x 0 hoc 1 x 2
2(x 1)x
Vy: x 3
Trang 7
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22
1. 4 3 (x 2)2 7 3 (4 x 2 ) 3 3 (2 x) 2 0
3. x 2 3 x 2 1 x 4 x 2 1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1. 4 (x 2) 7 (4 x ) 3 (2 x) 0 (1)
Ta c: 2 x 0 x 2 khng l nghim phng
trnh. Chia 2 v cho:
(2 x) 2 ta c:
x2
x2
(1) 4 3
3 0
73
2x
2x
2
Vic ny c th thc hin d dng do:
x3 1 (x 1)(x 2 x 1)
t u 3 x 2 v v 3 2 x
Phng trnh tr thnh:
4u 2 7uv 3v2 0
Do v 0 khng l nghim phng trnh. Chia 2 v
cho v 0 ta c:
u2
u
u
u 3
4 2 7 3 0 1
v
v
v
v 4
x2
x 2
u
1
1 x 0
Vi 1 3
v
2x
2x
2. 2 x 2 5 x 1 (2)
iu kin: x 1 0 x 1
3
(2) 2(x 2 x 1) 2(x 1) 5 (x 1)(x 2 x 1)

Do x 2 x 1 0 chia hai v cho x 2 x 1 :
Bng cch ng nht h s:
(x 2 x 1) (x 1)2 x 2 2 2(x 2 2)
ta d dng chn v .
Mt s khai trin a thc thnh nhn t:
4 3 (x 2)2 7 3 (4 x 2 ) 3 3 (2 x) 2 0
5 37
2
2 x 2 2 2(x 2 x 1) 2(x 1) .
Cch khc:
x 1
x 1
2 2
4 (VN)
x x 1
x x 1
2
Nhn xt:
Kh khn ca ta l trong vic phn tch:
74
3
x2 3
x 2 27
3

x
4
2x 4
2 x 64
91
74
Vy: x 0 hoc x
91
u
x2 3
x 2 27
74
1 3

x
v
2x 4
2 x 64
91
74
Vy: x 0 hoc x
91
1
x 1
1
x 1
1
2
2
x x 1 2
x x 1 4
5 37
x
2
Vy: x
Vi t
Vi t 2
Vi
x 1
(t 0)
x x 1
Phng trnh tr thnh:
t 2
2
2t 5t 2 0 1
t
2
Vi t
x2
phng trnh tr thnh:
2x
t 1
2
4t 7t 3 0 3
t
4
x2
x 2
1
1 x 0
Vi t 1 3
2x
2x
t t
x 1
x 1
5 2
x x 1
x x 1
t t
2. 2 x 2 5 x 1
2
CAO HONG NAM
x 3 1 x 1 x 2 x 1
x 4 x 2 1 x 4 2x 2 1 x 2
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1
x 4 1 x 2 2x 1 x 2 2x 1
4x 4 1 2x 2 2x 1 2x 2 2x 1
3. x 2 3 x 2 1 x 4 x 2 1
iu kin: x 2 1 0 x 1 x 1
Ta t: u x 2 , v x 2 1 (u, v 0) .
Phng trnh tr thnh :
u 3v u 2 v2
u 2 6uv 9v2 u 2 v2
v 0
2
10v 6uv 0
v0
v 3 u
5
Vi v 0 x 2 1 0 x 2 1 x 1
Vy: x 1
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Trang 8
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CAO HONG NAM
T N PH A V H
1. x 2 2(x 1) x 2 x 1 x 2 0
x 1
2.
Phng php chung:

t cc n ph. Tm mi lin h gia cc n
ph. Kt hp vi phng trnh ban u ca bi ton
ta c h phng trnh.
Lu cc phng php gii h phng trnh.
x 2x 3 x 1
2
1. x 2 2(x 1) x 2 x 1 x 2 0 (1)
iu kin: x 2 x 1 0 x
(1) x 2 x 1 2(x 1) x 2 x 1 2(x 1) 1 0
t t x 2 x 1; t 0. phng trnh tr thnh:
1. x 3 25 x 3 x 3 25 x 3 30
t 2(x 1)t 2x 1 0, t 0 , ' x

t 1
t 1 2x
2. 3 1 x 3 1 x 2
3. 3 2 x 1 x 1
4. x3 1 2 3 2x 1
Vi t 1 x2 x 1 1 x 0; x 1.
Vi t 1 2x x2 x 1 1 2x
1 2x 0
2
2
x x 1 (1 2x)
1
2 x0
2
3x 5x
Vy: x 0 hoc x 1
x 1
x 1
2.
x 2 2x 3 x 2 1
5.
3x 1
3 3x 1 3 9x 2 1 1
2
1. x 3 25 x 3 x 3 25 x 3 30
t y 3 35 x 3 x 3 y3 35
Khi phng trnh chuyn v h sau:
xy(x y) 30
3
3
x y 35
y l h i xng loi 1. Gii h ta tm c cp
nghim l (2;3) hoc (3;2)
Vy: x 2 hoc x 3
x 2 2x 3 x 2 2x 3 2x 2
iu kin: x 2 2x 3 0 x
t t x 2 2x 3 . Phng trnh tr thnh:
x 1 t t 2 2x 2
t 2
t 2 x 1 t 2 x 1 0
t x 1
x 1 2
Vi t 2 x 2 2x 3 2
x 1 2
Vi t x 1 x 2 2x 3 x 1
x 1 0
2
(VN)
2
x
2x
3
x
2x
1
Vy: x 1 2
1 x 3 1 x 2
u 3 1 x
t
.
v 3 1 x
u v 2
2
2
u v 2
u v 2
u v 1 x 0
uv 1
Vy: x = 0.
2.
3. 3 2 x 1 x 1
iu kin: x 1 0 x 1
u 3 2 x
t
(v 0)
v x 1
u 3 + v 2 = 1
u(u 2 u 2) 0
v 1 u
u + v = 1
Trang 9
4. x3 1 2 3 2x 1
t y 3 2x 1 y3 1 2x .
3
x 1 2y
3
y 1 2x
3
x 1 2y
3
3
x y 2(y x)
3
x 1 2y
2
2
(x y)(x xy y 2) 0
2
y 3
(Do x 2 xy y 2 2 x y 2 2 0 )
2 4
3
x 1 2y
x y 0
x 1
x 3 1 2x
x 1 5
x y 0
2
1 5
Vy: x 1 hoc x
2
3x 1
3 3x 1 3 9x 2 1 1
2
t: u 3 3x 1 v v 3 3x 1
u 2 v 2 u.v 1
3
3
u v 2
uv 2u v2
Do :
2
v 2 v2 v v 2 1
3v 2 6v 3 0
3 v 1
x 3
2
2
2. x x 1000 1 8000x 1000
1. 2x 2 4x
Vy: x 2 hoc x 1 hoc x 10
CAO HONG NAM
u 0
x2
u 1
x 1
u 2
x 10
v 1 u
5.
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v 1 u 1
u 3 3x 1 1
x0
v 3 3x 1 1
Vy: x 0
3. 4x 2 7x 1 2 x 2
4
4. 3 81x 8 x 3 2x 2 x 2
3
5. 7x 2 13x 8 2x 2 . 3 x(1 3x 3x 2 )
6. 4x 2 11x 10 (x 1) 2x 2 6x 2
1. 2x 2 4x
x 3
2
Cch 1:
2x 2 4x
iu kin: x 3 .
x 3
(1)
2
(1) 2(x 1)2 2
(x 1)2 1
(x 1) 2
2
1 x 1
1 .
2
2
t
2
x 1
t
y 1
1
1
t t x 1; y
2.
2
2
y 0
1
2
t
1
y
y2 1 1 t
2
t y
1
(t y)(t y ) 0
y t 1
2
2
t
2
2t 2 t 2 0
t 1
Vi t y
2
t 0
t y 0
1 17
3 17
t
x
(tha).
4
4
1
t
4t 2 2t 3 0
(t ) 2 1
2
2
Vi y t
1
1
2
t
t
2
1 13
5 13
x
(tha)
4
4
3 17
5 13
;x
Vy: x
.
4
4
t
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Trang 10
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Cch 2:
CAO HONG NAM
v c phn tch thnh

(x2 + a1 x + b1) ( x2 + a2 x + b2) = 0
x 3
(1)
2x 4x
2
iu kin: x 3 .
2
Lc , bng ng nht h s ta c:
x 3
t 1 x 3 2t 2 4t 2
t
2
2
2x 4x t 1
2
2t 4t x 1
y l h i xng loi 2. Gii v so iu kin ta
3 17
5 13
;x
nhn nghim x
4
4
Cch 3:
2x 2 4x
x 3
2
iu kin: x 3 .
2x 2 4x 0
2
x 3
2
2x 4x
2
x 2 x 0
4
x 3
3
2
4x 16x 16x 2
x 2 x 0
4
3
2
8x 32x 32x x 3 0
x 2 x 0
2 5
3 2 3
1
8 x 2 x 4 x 2 x 2 0
(*)
(**)
3 17
5 13
x
4
4
Nhn xt:
Vi hai cch gii cch 1 v cch 2 ta u chuyn
phng trnh v mt h phng trnh i xng loi 2
gii quyt bi ton.
Cch 3 cho ta mt cch gii t nhin nht kh cn
bng cch bnh phng hai v. Vn t ra l khi
a v phng trnh (*) bc 4 c nghim khng p v
ta phi tch thnh tch hai phng trnh (**). Vy lm
th no chng ta c th tch c ??? C 2 phng
php gii quyt vn ny:
Phng php 1: (kh nng phn x tnh ton)
Gi s phng trnh bc 4:
x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
Tr li v d trn:
8x 4 32x 3 32x 2 x 3 0
1
3
x 4 4x 3 4x 2 x 0
8
8
3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3
Ta c: . . . .
8 2 4 2 4
2 4 2 4
Vy ta c cc cp b1; b 2
Bng mt cht nhy bn v tnh ton ta chn
c h s nh bi trn.
Phng php 2: (kh nng bm my tnh b ti)
S dng phng php nhm nghim bng my
tnh. (CALC).
x 2 x 0
3 17
5 13
x
x
4
4
a 1 a 2 a
a a b b b
1 2 1 2
a1b 2 a 2 b1 c
b1b 2 d
Ta thng nhm tm h s a1;a 2 ; b1; b2 (vi cc
a1;a 2 ; b1; b2 l s nguyn hoc hu t p)
Nhp biu thc: 8x 4 32x3 32x 2 x 3

Chn cc khong nghim v tm nghim.
Ta tm c cc nghim.
A 1.780776406
B 0.280776406
C 0.348612181
D 2,151387819
Ta c:
A.B 0, 49999 0.5
A B 1.5
C.D 0.749999 0.75
C D 2.5
T , phn tch c phng trnh (*) thnh (**)
------------------------------------------------Vi cch 1 cho ta cch nhn tng qut ca bi ton.
Dng tng qut ca bi ton:
f (x)
b a n af (x) b
Cch gii: t t f (x); y n af (x) b

n
t b ay
Ta c h: n
.
y b at
y l h i xng loi II vi hai n t v y.
Sng to: Khi thay a, b,f (x) l cc s ta c c
cc bi ton v phng trnh.
Trang 11
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2. x 2 x 1000 1 8000x 1000 (2)

1
iu kin: x
8000
2
(2) 4x 4x 4000 4000 4000(2x 1) 3999
(2x 1)2 4001 4000 4000(2x 1) 4001

4001
t u 2x 1
; v 1 8000x 0
4000
u 2 4001 4000v
v 4001 4000u
2
u 4001 4000v
2
2
u v 4000(v u)
u 2 4001 4000v
(u v)(u v 4000) 0
Do u v 4000 0 nn
u 2 4001 4000v
u v 0
CAO HONG NAM
(2) (2x 1)2 3x 2 2(2x 1) 3x
y2 3x 2t
t t 2x 1; y 2t 3x
y 0
2
t 3x 2y
2
y 3x 2t
y t
(t y)(t y 2) 0
y t 2
t 2 2t 3x 0
Vi y t
t 0
4x 2 3x 1 0
1
x
1
4
x
2
t 2 3x 2(t 2) 0
Vi y t 2
t 2
4x 2 11x 7 0
7
x .
3
4
u 2 4000u 4001 0
x
2
u 4001 (do u 0 )
u v
7
1
Vy: x ; x .
Vi u 4001 x 2000 .
4
4
Vy: x 2000 .
4
81x 8 x 3 2x 2 x 2
3
3
3
27 27.3x 8 27x 54x 2 36x 54
3.
27 3 27.(3x 2) 46 (3x 2)3 46

t t 3x 2; y 3 27t 46 y 3 27t 46
27y t 3 46
27t y 46
27y t 3 46
2
2
27(y t) (t y) t ty y
27y t 3 46
2
2
(t y) t ty y 27 0
Do t 2 ty y2 27 0 nn
x 0
t 2
27y t 3 46
x 3 2 6
t y 0
t 1 2 6
Vy: x 0 ; x
3 2 6
3
4. 4x 7x 1 2 x 2 (2)
iu kin: x 2
2
Nhn xt:
Ta c th thay b trong dng ton tng qut
bng mt biu thc cha x.
V tng t ta cng c th thay a trong dng
tng qut bng mt biu thc cha x.
5. 7x 2 13x 8 2x 2 . 3 x(1 3x 3x 2 )
Ta thy x 0 khng l nghim ca phng trnh.
Chia hai v phng trnh cho x 3 ta c:
7 13 8
1 3
2 3 23 2 3 .
x x
x
x
x
1
t t . Phng trnh tr thnh:
x
8t 3 13t 2 7t 2 3 t 2 3t 3
(2t 1)3 (t 2 t 1) 2 3 2(2t 1) t 2 t 1 .
t u 2t 1, v 3 2(2t 1) t 2 t 1
3
2
u t t 1 2v
u 3 v3 2v 2u
3 2
v t t 1 2u
(u v)(u 2 uv v2 2) 0
u v 2t 1 3 t 2 3t 3
8t 3 13t 2 3t 2 0
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Trang 12
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(t 1)(8t 2 5t 2) 0
t 1
t 1
2
5 89
t
8t 5t 2 0
16
Th li nhn ba nghim t.
Vi t 1 x 1
5 89
16
Vi t
x
16
5 89
16
Vy: x 1; x
.
5 89
6. 4x 2 11x 10 (x 1) 2x 2 6x 2
(2x 3)2 x 1 (x 1) (x 1)(2x 3) x 1
NHN LNG LIN HIP

Cc cng thc thng dng:
Biu thc
A B
A B
A2 3 AB 3 B2
AB
3
AB
A3B
A2 3 AB 3 B2
Mt s lu :
Thng d on nghim v dng nhn lng
lin hip xut hin nhn t chung.
Cch nh gi v tri, v phi chng minh
phng trnh v nghim.
V d 1: Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau:

1.
x 2 12 5 3x x 2 5
2.
4x 1 3x 2
3.
x 3
5
2x 2
x 21
(3 9 2x ) 2
4. 9(x + 1)2 (3x + 7)(1 - 3x + 4)2
Vi u v u x 1 (x 1)u
2x 2 6x 2 4 3x
4
x
(VN)
3
7x 2 18x 14 0
Vy: phng trnh v nghim.
Tch
AB
Vi u v 1 x 2x 3 2x 2 6x 2 1 x
Biu thc lin hip
A B
3
t u 2x 3; v (x 1)(2x 3) x 1 ,
2
u x 1 (x 1)v
2
v x 1 (x 1)u
u 2 v2 (x 1)(v u)
(u v)(u v x 1) 0
(2x 3)2 x 1 (x 1)(2x 3)

2x 2 6x 7 0 (VN)
CAO HONG NAM
x 2 12 5 3x x 2 5
1.
iu kin: x
Nhn xt ta d dng nhm c x 2 l nghim
phng trnh nn tch v nhn lin hp ta c:
x 2 12 4 3x 6 x 2 5 3
x2 4
x2 4
3 x 2
x 2 12 4
x2 5 3
x2
x2
x 2
3 0
2
x2 5 3
x 12 4
x 2
x2
x2
x2
3 0
2
2
x 12 4
x 5 3
x2
x2
Do
2
x 12 4
x2 5 3
x2
x2
3 0, x
x 2 12 4
x2 5 3
Vy: x 2
2.
4x 1 3x 2
x 3
5
4x 1 0
2
x
iu kin:
3
3x 2 0
Ta c 4x 1 3x 2 0 . Nhn 2 v cho
4x 1 3x 2 ta c phng trnh:
Trang 13

x 3
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x 3
( 4x 1 3x 2)
5
3.
(x 3)( 4x 1 3x 2 5) 0
2x 2
x 21
(3 9 2x ) 2
9 2x 0
x
iu kin:
3 9 2x 0
x 0
x 3 (l)
4x 1 3x 2 5
4x 1 3x 2 5
CAO HONG NAM
Ta nhn c t v mu ca v tri vi
(3 9 2x )2 ta c :
(*)
2 12x 2 5x 2 26 7x
(3 9 2x ) 2
x 21
2
7
9 2x 4 x
2
7
9
So iu kin ta c
x v x 0
2
2
9
7
Vy:
x v x 0
2
2
26
2
x
3
7
2
4(12x 5x 2) (26 7x) 2
26
2
x
3
7
x 2 344x 684 0
x2
Vy: x 2
4. 9(x 1)2 (3x 7)(1 3x 4)2

4
iu kin: 3x 4 x
3
Ta nhn c hai v ca phng trnh vi biu thc
(1 3x 4)2 ta c:
Nhn xt:
T (*) ta c th gii bng cch kt hp:
4x 1 3x 2 5
x 3
4x 1 3x 2
5
Ta cng c th gii bi ton bng cch thm

bt nh bi ton 1:
x 3
4x 1 3x 2
5
x 3
4x 1 3 2 3x 2
1
5
4x 8
4 3x 2
x2
5
4x 1 3 2 3x 2
9(x 1)2 (1 3x 4)2 (3x 7).9(x 1) 2
9(x 1)2 (1 3x 4)2 3x 7 0 (*)
Trng hp 1: x 1 tha.
4
x
Trng hp 2:
3 ta c:
x 1
(*) 2 3x 4 2 x 1 .
4
x 1
So iu kin ta c
3
4
x 1
Vy:
3
4
3
1
x 2
0
4x 1 3 2 3x 2 5
x 2 0 x 2
4
3
1
(*)
0
4x 1 3 2 3x 2 5
x 2 4 x 2x 2 5x 1
1 x 2x x 2
x
1 x2
1.
2.
4
3
1
2
x ; nn
4x 1 3 2 3x 2 5
3
(*) v nghim.
Vy: x 2
Tuy nhin, cch lm ny th vic chng minh
(*) v nghim tng i kh khn (dnh cho bn c).
Do
3.
x 2 3 x 1 3 2x 2 3 2x 2 1
4. x 2 x 1 (x 2) x 2 2x 2
5.
x 24 12 x 6
x 2 4 x 2x 2 5x 1 (1)
x 2 0
2 x 4
iu kin:
4 x 0
1.
(1) x 2 1 4 x 1 2x 2 5x 3
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Trang 14
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x 3
x 3
(x 3)(2x 1)
x 2 1
4 x 1
x 3 0
1
1
2x 1
x 2 1
4 x 1
x 3 0
1
1
(*)
2x 1
x 2 1
4 x 1
1
x 2 1 1
Ta c:
nn (*) v nghim.
1
2x 1 5
4 x 1
Vy: x 3
x 2 2x 7 3(x 2) (x 2) x 2 2x 2 0
x 2 2x 7 (x 2)(3 x 2 2x 2 0
x 2x 7
2
(x 2)(x 2 2x 7)
(x 2 2x 7)(1
x 2 2x 2 3
x2
x 2 2x 2 3
0
)0
(x 1)2 1 (x 1)
0
x 2 2x 7
2
x
2x
2
3
2
x 2x 7 0 x 1 2 2
Vy: x 1 2 2
(x 3)( 12 x 3 (x 24) 3 3 x 24 6) 0
x 2 ( 1 x x ) ( 1 x 2x x ) 0
x 2 (1 2x)
1 x 4x 3
0
1 x x
1 x 2x x
x 2 (1 2x) (1 2x)(2x 2 x 1)
0
1 x x
1 x 2x x
x2
2x 2 x 1
(1 2x)(
)0
1 x x
1 x 2x x
1
x (do biu thc cn li lun dng)
2
1
Vy: x
2
4. x 2 x 1 (x 2) x 2 2x 2
5. 3 x 24 12 x 6 (5)
iu kin: 12 x 0 x 12
(5) 3 x 24 3 12 x 3 0
x 3
3 x
0
2
3
3
12 x 3
(x 24) 3 x 24 9
1 x 2x x 2
2.
(2)
x
1 x2
1 x
iu kin:
0 0 x 1
x
(2) (1 x 2 ) 1 x (2x x 2 ) x
3.
CAO HONG NAM
x 3
2
3
12 x 3 (x 24) 3 x 24 6 0 (*)
(*) kt hp vi phng trnh u ta c:
12 x 3 (x 24) 2 3 3 x 24 6 0
3 x 24 12 x 6
3 (x 24) 2 4 3 x 24 0
x 24
x 88
3 x 24 12 x 6
Vy: x 24 hoc x 88
x 2 3 x 1 3 2x 2 3 2x 2 1
3 2x 2 3 x 2 3 2x 2 1 3 x 1 0
2x 2 x 1
3
(2x 2 1) 2 (x 2) 3 2x 2 1 3 (x 2) 2
2x 2 x 1
3
4x 4 (x 1) 3 2x 2 3 (x 1) 2
x 1
2x x 1 0
x 1
2
1
Vy: x 1 hoc x
2
2
Trang 15
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PHNG PHP NH GI
Phng php: Ch yu bng cch s dng cng c
o hm hoc s dng bt ng thc tm nghim
ca phng trnh.
Cc hng gii quyt:
Hng 1:
Chuyn phng trnh v dng: f (x) k
Xt hm s y f (x)
Nhn xt:
Vi x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) k do x 0 l
nghim
Vi x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) k do
phng trnh v nghim
Vi x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) k do
phng trnh v nghim
Vy x 0 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
Hng 2:
Chuyn phng trnh v dng: f (x) g(x)
Dng lp lun khng nh rng f (x) v g(x) c
nhng tnh cht tri ngc nhau v xc nh
x 0 sao cho f (x 0 ) g(x 0 )
Vy x 0 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
Hng 3:
Chuyn phng trnh v dng f (u) f (v)
Xt hm s y f (x) , dng lp lun khng
nh hm s n iu
Khi f (u) f (v) u v
1.
2.
x 2 6x 11 x 2 6x 13
x 4x 5 3 2
7
3. x 2 3x (x 2 2x 2)(x 2 4x 5)
2
2
2
4. 13 x 2 3x 6 x 2 2x 7
1.
(x 3)2 2 (x 3)2 4 4 (x 2)2 1
M:
2 4 1 3 2
(x 3) 2 0
(v l)
Du bngxy ra
x
2
0
Vy: phng trnh v nghim.

3. x 2 3x
7
(x 2 2x 2)(x 2 4x 5)
2
Ta c:
x 2 2x 2 (x 1) 2 1 0
x 2 4x 5 (x 2) 2 1 0
7 (x 2 2x 2) (x 2 4x 5)
x 3x
2
2
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 2 s dng
a x 2 2x 2;b x 2 4x 5 ta c:
ab
ab
2
7
x 2 3x (x 2 2x 2)(x 2 4x 5)
2
Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi:
2
Vy: x=
3
2
3
.
2
Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi: ad bc

Vi a 2;b 3;c x 2 3x 6;d x 2 2x 7
3(x 1)2 4 5(x 1)2 9 5 (x 1)2

iu kin: D
3(x 1)2 4 5 x 12 9 4 9 5
M:
2
5 x 1 5
Du bng xy ra khi x 1 0 x 1
Vy: x 1
4 (x 2)2 1 3 2
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki cho 4 s :

a 2 b2 c2 d2 (ac bd)2
(x 3)2 2 (x 3) 2 4
5x 2 12x 33
3x 6x 7 5x 10x 14 4 2x x
2
4 x 2 4x 5 3 2
2
2
4. 13 x 2 3x 6 x 2 2x 7
5x 2 12x 33
x 2 6x 11 x 2 6x 13
(x 2 2x 2) (x 2 4x 5) 2x 3 x
3x 2 6x 7 5x 2 10x 14 4 2x x 2
4
2.
CAO HONG NAM
2
2
32 x 2 3x 6 x 2 2x 7
2 x 2 3x 6 3 x 2 2x 7
2
2
13 x 2 3x 6 x 2 2x 7
5x 2 12x 33
Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi:

3(x 2 3x 6) 2(x 2 2x 7)
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3x 2 9x 18 2x 2 4x 14
3. 3 x 1 3x 2 8x 3 (1)
iu kin: x 1 0 x 1
(1) 3 x 1 3x 2 8x 3 0
Xt hm s: y 3 x 1 3x 2 8x 3 trn
x 2 5x 4 0 x 1; x 4
Vy: x 1; x 4
D 1;
3
y'
6x 8
2 x 1
3
y ''
6 0,
3
4 x 1
1. 3x 2 9x 2 3
4x 2
1 x x2 1 0
4x 1 4x 2 1 1
2.
3. 3 x 1 3x 2 8x 3
x 2 2x 3 x 2 6x 11 3 x x 1
4.
1 x x 1 0
9x 3 2x 1 (2x 1) 3 2
1. 3x 2 9x 2 3 4x 2
3x 2
1
Nhn xt: Phng trnh ch c nghim trong ;0
2
t u 3x; v 2x 1. u, v 0 .
Phng trnh tr thnh:

Xt hm s: f (t) t 2
u 2 u 2 3 v 2 v2 3
f '(t) 2
2t 3 3t
t 4 3t 2
t2 3
0,
Do y ' 0 c nhiu nht 1 nghim y 0 c

nhiu nht hai nghim.
Nhm nghim c x 0; x 3
Vy: x 0; x 3
x 2 2x 3 x 2 6x 11 3 x x 1
x 1 0
iu kin:
1 x 3
3 x 0
4.
x 2 2x 3 x 1 3 x x 2 6x 11
x 1
2 x 1 3 x
3 x
Xt hm s: y t 2 2 t
t
1
y'
0
x 1;3
2
t 2 2 t
Khi :
f x 1 f 3 x x 1 3 x x 2
t 0
f (u) f (v) u v 3x 2x 1 x
Vy: x
x D
CAO HONG NAM
1
5
Vy: 2 x 3
1
5
4x 1 4x 2 1 1
4x 1 0
1
x
iu kin: 2
2
4x 1 0
2.
Xt hm s: y 4x 1 4x 2 1 1
1
D ;
2
2
4x
1
0, x
y'
2
2
4x 1
4x 1
Do phng trnh nu c nghim th l
nghim duy nht.
1
Nhm nghim c x
2
1
Vy: x
2
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PHN II
-----------------------------------------------------------------H PHNG TRNH
------------------------------------------------------------------PHNG PHP TH
T mt phng trnh ta i tnh y theo x hoc x
theo y.
Th vo phng trnh cn li gii tm x hoc y.
V d: Gii cc h phng trnh sau y:
2x 3y 1
1. 2
x xy 24
x 2 (y 1)(x y 1) 3x 2 4x 1
2.
2
xy x 1 x
2x 3y 1
1. 2
x xy 24
y 2x 1
x 2 x 2x 1 24
3
2x 1
19
x 9 y
y
3
3
2
x x 72 0
x 8 y 5
19
Vy: nghim h l 9, ; 8, 5
3
2
2
(1)
x (y 1)(x y 1) 3x 4x 1
2.
2
(2)
xy x 1 x
Do x 0 khng l nghim h phng trnh nn
x2 1
(2) y 1
thay vo (1) ta c:
x
x 2 1
x 2 1
2
x2
x
3x 4x 1
x
x
x 2 1 2x 2 1 x 1 3x 1
x 1 2x 3 2x 2 x 1 x 1 3x 1
x 0
x 1 2x x 2 0 x 1
x 2
Vi x 1 y 1
5
Vi x 2 y
2
5
Vy: nghim h l 1; 1 ; 2;
2
CAO HONG NAM
PHNG PHP TCH S

Bng cch bin i a mt phng trnh v
dng tch ta tnh c x theo y
Th vo phng trnh cn li gii tm
nghim.
V d: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
2
2
xy x y x 2y
1.
x 2y y x 1 2x 2y
2
y 5x 4 4 x
2.
2
2
y 5x 4xy 16x 8y 16 0
3
3
x 7x y 7y
3. 2
2
x y x y 2
2
2
xy x y x 2y
1.
x 2y y x 1 2x 2y
iu kin: x 1; y 0
(1) x 2 xy 2y2 (x y) 0
(1)
(2)
x 2 xy 2xy y2 x y 0
x y x 2y 1 0
( Do c k c x y 0 )
x 2y 1 0
x 2y 1
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
2y 1 2y y 2y 2(2y 1) 2y
2y y 1 2 y 1
y 1
2y 2 0 y 2
( Do y 0)
Vi y 2 ta c x 5
Vy: nghim h l (5; 2)
Nhn xt:
Ta c th kim tra phng trnh (1) c nhm
c nhn t chung hay khng bng phng php
tham s bin thin.
xy x y x 2 2y2
x 2 (y 1)x 2y2 y 0
Ta c: (y 1)2 8y2 4y 9y2 6y 1 3y 1
T y ta c th tnh c: x y hoc x 2y 1
2
(1)
y 5x 4 4 x
2. 2
2
(2)
y 5x 4xy 16x 8y 16 0
T phng trnh (2) bng phng php tham s bin
thin xem y l n ta c:
y2 5x 2 4xy 16x 8y 16 0
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Trang 18
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(y x 4)(y 5x 4) 0
y 4 x
y 5x 4
Vi y 4 x thay vo (1) ta c:
x 4 y 0
5x 4 4 x
x 0 y 4
Vi y 5x 4 thay vo (1) ta c
4 x
5x 4
5x 4 4 x
x y0
x 0 y 4
4
Vy: nghim h l 0; 4 ; 4;0 ; ;0
5
x 7x y 7y
3. 2
2
x y x y 2
x 3 y3 7 x y 0
2
2
x y x y 2
x y x 2 xy y 2 7 0
2
2
x y x y 2
2
2
x y
x xy y 7 0 (VN)
2
2
2
2x 2x 2
x y x y 2
1 5
x y
2
1 5
x y
2
Vy: nghim h l
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
;
;
2
2
2
2
CAO HONG NAM

H I XNG LOI I
f (x, y) 0
f (x, y) f (y, x)
Dng:
vi
g(x, y) 0
g(x, y) g(y, x)
S x y
Cch gii: t
vi S2 4P
P
xy
x y xy 5
1. 2
2
x y 5
2x
2y
2. y
x
x y xy 3
x y xy 5
1. 2
2
x y 5
S x y
t:
(iu kin: S2 4P 0)
P
xy
S P 5
H 2
S 2P 5
P 5 S
S 2 5 S 5
P 5 S
S 5 P 10
2
S 3 P 2
S 2S 15 0
Ti y ta c hai cch gii:
Cch 1: C tng, tch nn p dng nh l Viet o:
x, y l nghim ca phng trnh: X2 SX P 0
S 5 P 10 :
H phng trnh v nghim (do S2 4P = -15 < 0)
S 3 P 2
x, y l nghim ca phng trnh: X2 3X 2 0
x 1 x 2
;
X 1;X 2 nn
y 2 y 1
Cch 2: Gii bnh thng bng phng php th:
S 5 P 10
x 5 y
x y 5
y 5 y 10 (VN)
xy 10
S 3 P 2
x y 3
xy 2
x 3 y
y 1 x 2
y 3 y 10
x 2 y 1
Vy: h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: 1, 2 , 2,1

Trang 19
2x
2y
2. y
x
x y xy 3
CAO HONG NAM
H I XNG LOI II
H I XNG LOI I
f (x, y) 0
f (x, y) g(y, x)
vi
Dng:
g(x, y) 0
g(x, y) f (y, x)
f (x; y) g(x; y) 0
Cch gii:
f (x; y) 0
iu kin: xy 0
2x 2y
49

x
H y
x y xy 3
2
2
2 x y 5xy 0
x y xy 3
Cch 1: a v h i xng loi 1.

t u x; v y
t S u v;P uv
2 S2 2P 5P 0
H
S P 3
S 1
u 2 u 1
P
2
v
1
v 2
S 3
3
u 3
u
2

2
9
v
2 v 3
P
2
3
x 3
x 2 x 1
x
2
3
y 1 y 2 y
y
3
2
Cch 2: Gii trc tip.
2 x y 2xy 5xy 0
H
x y xy 3
x y 1
x 2 x 1
xy
2
y 1 y 2
x y 3 x 3
3
x
2

2
y 3 ;
2 y 3
xy

2

Vy: H phng trnh c 4 nghim
2;1 , 1; 2 , 3;
(x y)h(x; y) 0
f (x; y) 0
x y 0
h(x; y) 0
hay
f (x; y) 0
f (x; y) 0
x 2 2y 2 2x y
1. 2
2
y 2x 2y x
2x 3 4 y 4
2.
2y 3 4 x 4
2 u 2 v 2 5uv 0
H
u v uv 3
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3 3
, ,3
2 2
x 2 2y 2 2x y (1)
1. 2
2
y 2x 2y x (2)
Tr tng v (1) v (2) ta c:
x 2 2y 2 (y 2 2x 2 ) 2x y (2y x)
H 2
2
x 2y 2x y
3(x y)(x y) x y
2
2
x 2y 2x y
(x y)(3x 3y 1) 0
2
2
x 2y 2x y
x y 0
2
hoc
2
x 2y 2x y
x y
2
x 3x 0
3x 3y 1 0
2
2
x 2y 2x y
3x 1
hoc
(vn)
3
2
9x 3x 5 0
x y 0
x y 3
Vy: h c hai nghim (0;0); ( 3; 3)
2x 3 4 y 4 (1)
2.
2y 3 4 x 4 (2)
3
iu kin: x, y ; 4
2
Tr tng v (1) v (2) ta c:
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Trang 20
Do
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2x 3 4 y 4
2x 3 4 y 2y 3 4 x 0
2x 3 4 y 4
2(x y)
xy
0
2x 3 2y 3
4x 4y
2
1
0
2x 3 2y 3
4x 4y
2x 3 4 y 4
x y 0
2x 3 4 x 4
x y
x 7 2 2x 3 4 x 16
x y
x y 3
x y 11
9
11 11
Vy: H c 2 nghim l 3;3 , ;
9 9
Nhn xt:
Ta phi kh cn bng cch nhn lng lin
hip xut hin nhn t x y .
CAO HONG NAM

H NG CP
H I XNG LOI I
2
2
a x b xy c1 y d1
Dng: 1 2 1
2
a 2 x b 2 xy c2 y d 2
Cch gii:
Xt y = 0.
Xt y 0 khi t x ty v gii phng
trnh bc hai n t

2
2
3x 2xy y 11
1. 2
2
x 2xy 3y 17
x y 2 y 2
2.
3
3
x y 19
2
2
3x 2xy y 11
1. 2
2
x 2xy 3y 17
2
3x 11
Xt y = 0. Ta c 2
(mu thun)
x 17
Vy y = 0 khng l nghim h phng trnh.
t x = ty thay vo h ta c:
2
2
y (3t 2t 1) 11(1)
2 2
y (t 2t 3) 17 (2)
Ly (1) chia (2)
4
1
;t
5
2
25
5
4
y
Vi t = - thay vo (1) y2
5
3
3
5
4
x
;
y=
3
3
5
4
x
y=3
3
1
Vi t =
thay vo (1) y2 4 y 2
2
y = 2 x 1;
y = - 2 x 1
Vy: Nghim h:
4 5
4
5
(
; ), ( ; ), (1; 2), (1; 2)
3 3
3
3
Kh y ta c: 10t2 + 3t 4 = 0 t
x y 2 y 2
2.
3
3
x y 19
Do x 0 khng l nghim ca h.
Trang 21
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t y tx
PHNG PHP N PH
x 1 t t 2
x tx tx 2
3
3
3
3 3
x t x 19
x 1 t 19
Ly (1) chia (2)
t 3 2t 2 t 2
Kh x ta c:
1 t3
19
2
tt
2
2
t t 1 19
2
1
21t 2 17t 2 0 t t
3
7
2
19 3
Vi t
x 19 x 3 y 2
27
3
1
342 3
7
1
Vi t
y 3
x 19 x 3
7
343
18
18
2
CAO HONG NAM
V d 1: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
x 2 1 y y x 4y
1. 2
x 1 y x 2 y
1
x x y3 3
y
2.
2x y 1 8
1
7
Vy: H c hai nghim 3; 2 , 3 ; 3
18 18
Nhn xt:
Nu h gm phng trnh trn v phng trnh
di ng bc th ta c th gii theo phng php ny.
x 2 1 y y x 4y
1. 2
x 1 y x 2 y
Do y 0 khng l nghim phng trnh. Chia hai
v cho y ta c:
x2 1
xy4
y
H 2
x 1 y x 2 1
y
x2 1
; v x y 2 ta c:
t u
y
u v 2 u 1
H
uv 1
v 1
x2 1
1
y
x y 2 1
x 2 1 y
y 3 x
x 2 x 2 0
y 3 x
x 1 y 2
x 2 y 5
Vy: H c 2 nghim (1;2),( 2;5)
1
x x y3 3
y
2.
2x y 1 8
y
x y 3 0
iu kin: x 0
y
y 0
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1
t u x ; v x y 3
y
y2 1 xy2 y2 1
u v u v 2 u 3
2 v
u 2 v2 2 u 3 2 v
u 3 2 v 0
2
2
2
2
2
u v 4 u 2 3 2 uv 3 2 v
u 3 2 v
2
2
3u 8 3 2 uv 45 24 2 v 0 **
Do v y2 0 khng l nghim nn
V d 2: (D2-10). Gii h phng trnh sau:
2 x 2 y 4 2xy 2 y 4 1 2 3 2 x y 2 (1)
x y 2 x 3
(2)
u
u
** 3 8 3 2 45 24 2 0
v
v
u
u
8 2
3 5
v
v
3
2
2
xy 1
xy 1
8 2
3
5
2
2
y
y
3
8 2 2
xy 2 1 3y 2 xy 2 1 5
y
3
y2 (x 3) 1 0 do ( u 3 2 v )
Thay y2 x 2 7x 9 ta c:
2 x 2 y 4 2xy 2 y 4 1 2 3 2 x y 2
x y 2 x 3
7x 9 x 3 1 0
x 2 y 2 1 y 1
x 4 2 y2 1 2 y 1 2
x 4 2(l)
Vy: Nghim h phng trnh
2;1 ; 2; 1 ;
2; 1 2 ; 4 2; 1 2
x y2 x 3
3 x 0
3 x 0
2
2
2
2
x y 9 6x x
y x 7x 9
Gii (1): Bng phng php tham s bin thin coi
2
y l n ta phn tch c:
2 x 2 y4 2xy2 y4 1 2 3 2 x y2
(x 1)y
t u xy2 1; v y2 . Phng trnh tr thnh:
1
1
x 1
x 1
y
y
x y 7
x y3 2
y 3 10 x 4 10
y 3 10 x 4 10
So iu kin nhn 4 cp nghim trn.
Vy: H c 4 nghim
3;1 ; 5; 1 ; 4 10;3 10 ; 4 10;3 10
Gii (2):
2 1 3 2 y2 xy 2
1
x x y3 3
y
H
x 1 x y 3 5
y
u v 3
u 2 v 1
2
2
u 1 v 2
u v 5
Vi u 2; v 1 ta c h:
1
1
x 4
x 2
y
y
x y 4
x y 3 1
y 1 x 3
y 1 x 5
Vi u 1; v 2 ta c h:
xy
CAO HONG NAM
1 (x 1)y2 1 2 3 2 x y 2
Trang 23

PHNG PHP NH GI
V d: Gii h phng trnh sau:
2
3 x 2 x 3 y
1.
2
3 y 2 y 3 x
3
3
x 5x y 5y
2. 8
4
x y 1
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CAO HONG NAM
Do x 1;1 nn nhn
1 5
1 5
x4
y
2
2
1 5 1 5
Vy: Nghim h 4
;4
2
2
x4
3 x 2 x 3 y
1.
2
3 y 2 y 3 x
iu kin: x, y 0
Tr v cho v ca hai phng trnh ta c:
3 x 2 3 x 3 y2 3 y
Xt hm s y f (t) 3 t 2 3 t
t
3
y'
0,
t 0
3 t2 2 t
Khi : f (x) f (y) x y
Thay vo phng trnh u:
3 x2 2 x 3 x
3 x2 x 3 0
Xt hm s: G(x) 3 x 2 x 3
t
1
0, x 0
G '(x)
2
2 x
3 x
M G(1) 0
Do phng trnh c 1 nghim duy nht
x 1 y 1
Vy: Nghim h (1;1)
3
3
x 5x y 5y
2. 8
4
x y 1
Nhn xt:
x 1
x, y 1;1
Do x8 y4 1 nn
y 1
Xt hm s: y f (t) t 3 5t
y ' 3t 2 5 0,
t 1;1
Do
x3 5x y3 5y x y
Thay vo phng trnh di:
4 1 5
x
2
8
4
x x 1
4 1 5
x
2
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PHNG TRNH BT PHNG

TRNH H PHNG TRNH
CHA THAM S
I. Kin thc cn nh
Cho hm s y f x lin tc trn tp D
Yu cu
Khai thc
f x m c nghim
min f x m max f x
f x m c nghim
min f x m
f x m c nghim
max f x m
f x m c nghim
max f x m
xD
f x m c nghim
xD
xD
xD
Xt hm s f x 3x 4
xD
II. PHNG PHP GII

gii bi ton tm gi tr ca tham s m sao
cho phng trnh, bt phng trnh, h phng trnh
c nghim ta lm nh sau:
Bc 1: Bin i phng trnh, bt phng
trnh v dng: f x g m hoc
f x g m hoc f x g m
Bc 2: Tm TX D ca hm s y f x
Bc 3: Lp bng bin thin ca hm s
y f x trn D
Bc 4: Tm min f x ; max f x
xD
xD
Bc 5: Kt lun gi tr m cn tm.
V d 1: Tm m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim
thc phn bit:
x 2 mx 2 2x 1
f ' x 3
lim f x lim 3x 4 ;
x 0
x 0
x
1
lim f x lim 3x 4
x
x
x
Bng bin thin:
Xt phng trnh *
Vi x 0 0.x 1 (v nghim).
1
Vi x 0 3x 4 m .
x
f(x)
f(x)
9
2
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) bng s giao im

1
ca th hm s f x 3x 4 v ng thng
x
1
y m trn min ; \ 0
2
Da vo bng bin thin ta c gi tr ca m tha

9
mn yu cu bi ton l m
2
9
Vy: m
2
V d 2: Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim
thuc 0;1 3
x mx 2 2x 1
x
2
mx 3x 2 4x 1*
1
1
0 vi x ; \ 0
2
x
2
Gii hn:
2x 1 0
2
2
x mx 2 2x 1
1
trn tp
x
2 ; \ 0
xD
min f x m
CAO HONG NAM
x 2 2x 2 1 x 2 x 0
x 2 2x 2 1 x 2 x 0
t t x 2 2x 2 x 2 x t 2 2 .
x 1
t'
x 2x 2
Bng bin thin :
x 0
2
t
t
,t ' 0 x 1
1 3
1
0
+
2
2
1
Trang 25
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Do : x 0;1 3 t 1; 2
lim f x lim
lim f x lim
t 1 1 0 vi t 1;2

2
t 1
Bng bin thin ca hm s f t
2
4x
2
3
Bt phng trnh cho c nghim

x 0;1 3 bt phng trnh 1 c nghim
2
t 1;2 m max f t f 2
1;2
3
2
Vy : m
3
V d 3: Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4 m
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
4x
x 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
4
lim
2
x
2 4
2 4
1 2 1 2
x x
x x
x
1
2
lim
f(t)
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
x 2x 4 x 2 2x 4
4
lim
2
x
2 4
2 4
1 2 1 2
x x
x x
x
t2 2
m
(do 1 t 2 )
t 1
t2 2
trn tp 1; 2
Xt hm s f t
t 1
t
f(t)
lim
m t 1 t 2 2 (1)
f ' t
CAO HONG NAM
Bng bin thin ca hm s f x

x -
f(x)
+
2
f(x)
-2
S nghim ca phng trnh cho bng s giao
im ca th hm s y f x v ng thng
y m trn
Da vo bng bin thin ta suy ra phng trnh c

nghim 2 m 2
Vy: 2 m 2
x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4 m
(x 1)2 3 (x 1)2 3 m
iu kin: D
Xt hm s
1 x 8 x
f x x 2 2x 4 x 2 2x 4 trn
x 1
f ' x
x 1
x 2x 4
x 2x 4
x 1
x 1
f '(x)
2
(x 1) 3
(x 1) 2 3
2
2t 3
2
(t 2 3)3
1 x 8 x
1 x 8 x m
1 x 8 x m
iu kin: 1 x 8
t 3
t t 1 x 8 x
1
1
t'
vi 1 x 8
2 1 x 2 8 x
1
1
t'0
0
2 1 x 2 8 x
0, t
x 1 8 x x 1 8 x x
Xt hm s: y f (t)
y'
V d 4: Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
t
2
7
2
Do : f '(x) 0, x
Ta c:
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x 3x 4 0
3
2
x 3 x x m 15m 0
Bng bin thin:

x
7
2
-1
Ta c: x 2 3x 4 0 1 x 4 .
H phng trnh cho c nghim
x 3 3 x x m2 15m 0 c nghim x 1;4
3 2
CAO HONG NAM
x 3 3 x x m2 15m c nghim x 1;4

3
T dn n 3 t 3 2
Do t 1 x 8 x t 2
1 x 8 x
3
2
x 3x khi 1 x 0
t f x x 3 x x 3
2
x 3x khi 0 x 4
3
t2 9
2
Phng trnh cho tr thnh:
3x 2 6x khi 1 x 0
f ' x 2
3x 6x khi 0 x 4
x 18 x
f ' x 0 x 0; x 2
Bng bin thin :
t 9
m t 2 2t 9 2m
2
2
Xt hm s f t t 2 2t 9 trn tp 3;3 2
f ' t 2t 2 0 vi x 3;3 2
Bng bin thin:
t
0
-
2
-
4
+
16
f(x)
2
3 2
-4
f x m 15m c nghim x 1;4
2
max f x m2 15m 16 m2 15m
f(t)
x -1
f(x)
1;4
96 2
f(t)
m2 15m 16 0 16 m 1
Vy: 16 m 1
6
S nghim ca phng trnh cho bng s giao
im ca th hm s y f t v ng thng
y 2m trn 3;3 2
Da vo bng bin thin ta suy ra phng trnh c
96 2
nghim 6 2m 9 6 2 3 m
2
Vy: 3 m
96 2
2
V d 5: Tm m h bt phng trnh sau c

nghim:
2
x 3x 4 0
3
2
x 3 x x m 15m 0
Trong qu trnh tng hp, bin son cc kin thc

khng trnh khi sai st, mong Thy C v cc bn
nhn xt, gp .
Xin chn thnh cm n.
------------Cao Hong Nam
Email: Caohoangnamvn@gmai.com
in thoi: 0907894460
TP.HCM - 26/06/2011
Trang 27
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Bi 18. (A-10). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
MT S THI I HC
x x
I. PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH:

Bi 1. (D-02). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
(x 2 3x) 2x 2 3x 2 0.
Bi 2. (A1-02). Gii phng trnh sau:
1 2(x 2 x 1)
Bi 19. (B-10). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
3x 1 6 x 3x 2 14x 8 0
Bi 20. (D2-10). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
13 4x
x 4 x 4 2x 12 2 x 2 16
2 x 16
CAO HONG NAM
2x 3 4x 3 5 2x
2 8 16 4x 2 15
7x
.
x 3
x 3
x 3
x 2 2x 2 4x 3 6 2x.
5x 1 x 1 2x 4
Bi 6. (D-05). Gii phng trnh sau:
II.
H PHNG TRNH:
Bi 1. (B-02). Gii h phng trnh sau:
3 x y x y
x y x y 2.
Bi 2. (A-03). Gii h phng trnh sau:
1
1
x x y y
2y x 3 1
2 x 2 2 x 1 x 1 4.
Bi 7. (B1-05). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
8x 2 6x 1 4x 1 0
Bi 8. (B2-05). Gii phng trnh sau:
3x 3 5 x 2x 4
2x 7 5 x 3x 2
Bi 10. (D-06). Gii phng trnh sau:
2x 1 x 2 3x 1 0
3x 2 x 1 4x 9 2 3x 2 5x 2
x 2 7 x 2 x 1 x 2 8x 7 1
Bi 13. (A1-08). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
(2x 1) 2
2
Bi 14. (A2-08). Gii bt phng trnh sau:
1
3x
1
2
1 x
1 x2
2x 1 3 2x
10x 1 3x 5 9x 4 2x 2
y2 2
3y
x2
2
3x x 2
y2
Bi 4. (A1-05). Gii h phng trnh sau:
x 2 y2 x y 4
x(x y 1) y(y 1) 2
2x y 1 x y 1
3x 2y 4
x y xy 3
x 1 y 1 4
x 2 1 y y x 4y
2
x 1 y x 2 y
x 3 8x y3 2y
2
2
x 3 3 y 1
(x 1)(x 3) x 2 2x 3 2 (x 1) 2
2 3 3x 2 3 6 5x 8 0
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CAO HONG NAM
Bi 9. (B2-06). Gii h phng trnh sau:
Bi 20. (D1-10). Gii h phng trnh sau:
x y x 2 y 2 13
2
2
x y x y 25
Bi 10. (D1-06). Gii h phng trnh sau:
3 3
3
27x y 7y 8
2
2
9x y y 6x
Bi 21. (D2-10). Gii h phng trnh sau :
x 2 xy y 2 3 x y
2
2
2
x xy y 7 x y
4
3
2 2
x x y x y 1
3
2
x y x xy 1
2xy
x2 y
x 3 2
x 2x 9
2xy
y
y2 x
2
3
y 2y 9
5
2
3
2
x
x
y
xy
xy
5
x 4 y 2 xy 1 2x
4
4
3
2 2
x 2x y x y 2x 9
2
x 2xy 6x 6
Bi 15. (D-08). Gii h phng trnh sau:
2
2
xy x y x 2y
x 2y y x 1 2x 2y
x 1 y 8 x 3
4
(x 4) y
xy x 1 7y
2 2
2
x y xy 1 13y
Bi 18. (D-09). Gii h phng trnh sau:
x(x y 1) 3 0
5
2
(x y) x 2 1 0
2
(4x 1)x (y 3) 5 2y 0
2
2
4x y 2 3 4x 7
2 x 2 y 4 2xy 2 y 4 1 2 2 2 x y 2
x y 2 x 3
III.
BI TON CHA THAM S m:
Bi 1. Xc nh m phng trnh sau c nghim:
1 x2 1 x2 2 2 1 x4 1 x2 1 x2
Bi 2. (D-04). Tm m h phng trnh sau c
nghim:
x y 1
x x y y 1 3m
Bi 3. (B-06). Tm m phng trnh sau c hai
nghim thc phn bit:
x 2 mx 2 2x 1
Bi 4. (A-07). Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim:
3 x 1 m x 1 2 4 x 2 1
Bi 5. (B-07). Chng minh vi mi gi tr dng ca
tham s m phng trnh lun c hai nghim
thc dng:
x 2 2x 8 m(x 2)
Bi 6. (D-07). Tm gi tr ca tham s m h
phng trnh sau c nghim thc:

1
1
x
y
x 3 1 y3 1 15m 10
x3
y3
Bi 7. (A1-07). Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim
x 0;1 3 :
m
x 2 2x 2 1 x 2 x 0
Bi 8. (B1-07). Tm m phng trnh c nghim:
x2 1 x m
Bi 9. (B2-07). Tm m phng trnh c ng mt
nghim:
4
x 4 13x m x 1 0
Bi 10. (D1-07). Tm m phng trnh c ng hai
nghim:
x 3 2 x 4 x 6 x 4 5 m
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Bi 11. (D2-07). Tm m h phng trnh c nghim
duy nht:
2x y m 0
x xy 1
Bi 12. (A-08). Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m
phng trnh sau c ng hai nghim thc
phn bit:
I. PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH.

1
x 2
1. x 2
2. x 5
x 3
x 0
4.
3. x 10 34
x 2
6. x 3
5. 2 x 10
4
8.
x 1
2
10. x 1, x 2 2
11. x 2
12. x 4, x 5
13. x
1
3
;x
2
2
15. x 3
17. x 2
19. x 5
2; 2 ; 2; 2 ; 1; 2 ; 2;1
5. (2; 1)
7.
6.
3;3
1; 2 ; 2;5
6
6
6
6
8. 4
;
;
4
;
13 13 13
13
10. 0;0 ; 2;1 ; 1; 2
9.
P S
2
3 x 1
9.
14 x 5
3
2;3 ; 2; 3
11. 1;1 ; 1; 1
2x 2x 2 4 6 x 2 6 x m
-----------------------------------------------4
7. x 2, x 4
4.
CAO HONG NAM
12. 1;1 ; 0;0
5
25
3
13. 3 ; 3
;
1;
4
16
2
17
14. 4;
15. 5; 2
16. 2;1
1
17. 1; ; 3;1
3
1
19. ; 2
2
18. 1;1 ; 2;
2
1 2
20. ;1 ; ; 2
3 3
21. 2;1 ; 2; 1 ; 4 2; 1 2 ;
1 x 2
14.
2
5 x 1
16. 1 3 x 1 3
3 5
18. x
2
20. x 2
2; 1 2
III. BIN LUN THEO THAM S m:

1
2 1 m 1
1.
2. 0 m
4
7
9
4. 1 m
3. m
2
2
7
m2
6. 4
5.
m 22
7. m
2
3
9.
2
12
11. m 2
II. H PHNG TRNH :

3 1
1. 1;1 ; ;
2 2
8. 0 m 1
10. 2 m 4
12. 2 6 2 4 6 m 3 2 6
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
;
;
2. (1;1);
;
2
2
2
2

3.
1;1
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PHƯƠNG TRÌNH- BẤT PT-HỆ PT VÔ TỶ

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PHƯƠNG TRÌNH- BẤT PT-HỆ PT VÔ TỶ

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Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

V d 2: Gii cc phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau:

So iu kin nhn x 1 hoc x 4

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

Do ta cha bit du ca (x 3) nn ta chia lm 3

Trng hp 2: x 3 tha (*)

Trng hp 1: x 1 tha (5).

CAO HONG NAM

(5) (x 1)(2x 6) (x 1)(x 1) 2

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

V d 3: Gii cc phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau:

Ch : CC DNG PHNG TRNH BT

14x 14 14x 49 14x 14 14x 49 14

14x 49 7 14x 49 7 14 (2)

(2) t t 14x 49 7 14x 49 t 7

CAO HONG NAM

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

5x 3 2 (3x 1)(2x 2) 5x 3 2 4x(x 3)

f (x) g(x) h(x) k(x)

f (x) h(x) g(x) k(x)

(3x 1)(2x 2) 4x(x 3)

GII PHNG TRNH H QU

CAO HONG NAM

3 3 (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) 3(x 2)

st iu kin th ta cng c th gii bng phng

trinh h qu sau th li.

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

Phng php: Bng cch t n ph u, v ta a c

Tham s bin thin

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

V d 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

V d 3: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

trnh. Chia 2 v cho:

Vic ny c th thc hin d dng do:

(2) 2(x 2 x 1) 2(x 1) 5 (x 1)(x 2 x 1)

Bng cch ng nht h s:

CAO HONG NAM

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

V d 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Phng php chung:

(1) x 2 x 1 2(x 1) x 2 x 1 2(x 1) 1 0

V d 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

t t x 2 x 1; t 0. phng trnh tr thnh:

t 2(x 1)t 2x 1 0, t 0 , ' x

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

Vy: x 2 hoc x 1 hoc x 10

CAO HONG NAM

V d 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

(1) 2(x 1)2 2

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

CAO HONG NAM

v c phn tch thnh

Nhp biu thc: 8x 4 32x3 32x 2 x 3

Cch gii: t t f (x); y n af (x) b

Chuyn : PT- BPT - HPT V T

2. x 2 x 1000 1 8000x 1000 (2)

(2x 1)2 4001 4000 4000(2x 1) 4001