Cc dng bi tp - Thi gii ton trn my tnh cm tay Casio

1. Cu to nguyn t: Quan h s p, s n, s e
Th tch v Bn knh nguyn t tnh ra
Mng tinh th (s nguyn t v cnh trong n v c s)
Ht nhn v phng x (hng s phng x, nin i vt c)
2. Cu to phn t: Khong cch ca cc nguyn t trong ng phn hnh hc
Momen lng cc
3. ng hc: Cn bng ha hc
Tc phn ng
Nhit phn ng
4. Nhit ha hc:
Chiu din bin ca phn ng
5. Dung dch in li: Nng dung dch
pH ca dung dch
6. in ha hc:
Pin
in phn
7. Lp cng thc phn t v xc nh nguyn t
8. Xc nh thnh phn % ca hn hp
XUT
1. Ti 250C, phn ng:

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O c hng s cn bng K = 4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH

Ban u ngi ta trn 1,0 mol C2H5OH vi 0,6 mol CH3COOH. Tnh s mol este thu
c khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng.

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH

Phn ng
x
x
[ ]
1x
0,6 x
x
x
2
[CH3COOC 2 H5 ][ H2 O]
x
K=
=4
(1 x)(0,6 x)
[C 2 H5OH ][CH3COOH ]

3x2 6,4x + 2,4 = 0 x1 = 0,4855 v x2 = 1,64 > 1

Vy, s mol este thu c khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng = 0,4855

2NH3 (k) c Kp = 1,64 104.

1. Ti 4000C, P = 10atm phn ng N2(k) + 3H2(k)

Tm % th tch NH3 trng thi cn bng, gi thit lc u N2(k) v H2(k) c t l s

mol theo ng h s ca phng trnh.

2NH3 (k)
N2(k) + 3H2(k)

PN
nN
1
2
2
Theo PTHH:
=
= Theo gt: P NH + P N + P H = 10
3
2
2
PH
nH
3
2
2

P NH3 + 4P N 2 = 10

DB

V Ta c: Kp =

(PNH )2
3

(PN )(PH )
2
2

(PNH3 )2
3

(PN2 )(3PN2 )

= 1,64 104

PNH

= 6,65102.

(PN )
2

Gii pt cho: 6,65 10 (P N ) + 4P N 10 = 0 P N = 2,404 v P N = 62,55 < 0

2
2
2
2
Vy, P N = 2,404 P NH = 10 4P N = 0,384 atm chim 3,84%
2
3
2
2. Hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu nng 17,4 gam. Nu ho tan hn hp bng axit H2SO4 long d
th thot ra 8,96 dm3 H2 ( kc). Cn nu ho tan hn hp bng axit H2SO4 c nng, d th
thot ra 12,32 dm3 SO2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi ban u.
Cu khng tan trong H2SO4 long .
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
H2SO4 c nng ho tan c 3 kim loi :
DB
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2Al + 6H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
S mol H2 = 0,4 ; s mol SO2 = 0,55
H 3 phng trnh : 56x + 27y + 64z = 17,4
x + 1,5y = 0,4
1,5x + 1,5y + z = 0,55
Gii h phng trnh cho : x = 0,1 ; y = 0,2 ; z = 0,1
Lng Fe bng 5,6gam ; Al = 5,4gam ; Cu = 6,4gam
2. Hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu. Ho tan a gam hn hp bng axit sunfuric c nng
va th thot ra 15,68 dm3 SO2 (kc) v nhn c dung dch X. Chia i X, 1 na
em c cn nhn c 45,1 gam mui khan, cn 1 na thm NaOH d ri lc kt ta
nung trong khng kh n lng khng i cn nng 12 gam. Tm a v khi lng
mi kim loi.
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2Al + 6H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Lng 3 mui sunfat = 45,1 x 2 = 90,2 gam v s mol SO2 = 0,7mol
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
CT
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
Kt ta lc c ch cn Fe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2
2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2O
12 x 2 = 24gam l tng lng 2 oxit Fe2O3+CuO
H 3 phng trnh
:
1,5x + 1,5y + z = 0,7
200x + 171y + 160z = 90,2
80x + 80z = 24
Gii h cho x = 0,2 ; y = 0,2 ; z = 0,1
Suy ra lng Fe = 11,2gam ; Al = 5,4gam ; Cu = 6,4gam

(cn cc bi 40, 64, 79, 94 Sch bi dng ha hc THCS )

2. Hn hp gm FeCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2 ha tan trong nc c dung dch X.
Cho X tc dng vi Na2S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m1. Nu cho mt lng d H2S tc
dng vi X tch ra mt lng kt ta m2. Thc nghim cho bit m1 = 2,51m2.
Nu gi nguyn lng cc cht MgCl2, CuCl2 trong X v thay FeCl3 bng FeCl2 cng
lng ri ha tan trong nc th c dung dch Y.
Cho Y tc dng vi Na2S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m3. Nu cho mt lng d H2S tc
dng vi Y tch ra mt lng kt ta m4. Thc nghim cho bit m3 = 3,36m4.
Xc nh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
MgCl2 + Na2S + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2S + 2NaCl
2FeS + S + 6NaCl
2FeCl3 + 3Na2S
CuCl2 + Na2S
CuS + 2NaCl
MgCl2 + H2S khng phn ng
2FeCl3 + H2S
2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
CuCl2 + H2S
CuS + 2HCl
t s mol cc mui ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:
y
58x + 88y + 32 + 96z
2
= 2,51 58x + 63,84y = 144,96z (1)
16y + 96z
162,5y
S mol FeCl2 =
= 1,28y
127
FeCl2 + Na2S FeS + 2NaCl
FeCl2 + H2S khng phn ng
58x + 88 1, 28y + 96z
= 3,36 58x + 112,64y = 226,56z (2)
96z
Gii (1) v (2) cho 48,8y = 81,6z
Coi z = 18,8 th y = 48,8 v x = 32,15
95 32,15
%MgCl2 =
100% = 13,3%
95 32,15 + 162,5 81,6 + 135 48,8
Tnh tng t c: %CuCl2 = 28,76% v %FeCl3 = 57,95%
2. Mt hn hp bt kim loi c kh nng gm Mg, Al, Sn. Ha tan ht 0,75 gam hn hp
bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 784 ml H2 (o ktc). Nu t chy hon ton 0,75
gam hn hp trong oxi d th thu c 1,31 gam oxit. Xc nh % khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp.

Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Sn + 2HCl SnCl2 + H2
0

t
2Mg + O2
2MgO
0

t
4Al + 3O2
2Al2O3
0

t
Sn + 2O2
SnO2

S mol H2 = 0,035
H pt: 24x + 27y + 119z = 0,75
(x, y, z l s mol tng kim loi)
3
x + y + z = 0,035
2
y
40x + 102 + 183z = 1,31
2
Gii h pt cho: x = 0,02 ; y = 0,01 ; z = 0
0,02 24
Vy, hn hp khng c Sn v % Mg =
100% = 64% ; %Al = 36%
0,75
3. Mt mu than ly t hang ng ca ngi Plinxian c ti Ha Oai c tc l 13,6 phn
hy 14C trong 1 giy tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon. Bit trong 1,0 gam cacbon ang tn ti c
15,3 phn hy 14C trong 1 giy v chu k bn hy ca 14C l 5730 nm . Hy cho bit nin
i ca mu than ?
ln 2
0,693
Hng s phng x: k =
=
t1
5730
DB
2

Nin i ca mu than t =

1 N 0 5730 15,3
ln
=
ln
= 973,88 (nm)
k N t 0,693 13,6

3. Mt mu than ly t hang ng vng ni vi tnh Ha Bnh c 9,4 phn hy 14 C. hy

cho bit ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y bao nhiu nm? Bit chu k bn
hy ca 14 C l 5730 nm, trong kh quyn c 15,3 phn hy 14 C. Cc s phn hy ni trn
u tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon, xy ra trong 1,0 giy.
ln 2
0,693
Hng s phng x: k =
=
t1
5730
CT
2

1 N 0 5730 15,3
ln
=
ln
= 3989,32 (nm) 4000 (nm)
k N t 0,693 9, 4
Ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y khong 4000 nm
Nin i ca mu than t =

4. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 5p5. T s ntron v in

tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca nguyn t thuc
nguyn t Y. Khi cho 4,29 gam Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 18,26 gam sn phm c
cng thc XY. Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca X, Y v vit cu hnh electron ca Y.
Cu hnh y ca X l [ 36 Kr] 5s24d105p5. s ZX = 53 = s proton
Mt khc:

nx
= 1,3692 nX = 74 AX = pX + nX = 53 + 74 = 127
px
nx
= 3,7 nY = 20
ny

X +

Y XY
4,29
18,26

DB

Y
X+Y
Y
127 + Y
=

=
Y = 39
4,29 18, 26
4,29 18, 26
AY = pY + nY 39 = pY + 20 pY = 19 hay ZY = 19
Cu hnh electron ca Y l [ 18 Ar] 4s1
4. Mi phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong , s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang
in ca Y l 76.
a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY3 .
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.

a) K hiu s n v in tch ht nhn ca X l Zx , Y l Zy ; s ntron (ht khng mang

in) ca X l Nx , Y l Ny . Vi XY3 , ta c cc phng trnh:
Tng s ba loi ht:
2 Zx + 6 Zy + Nx + 3 Ny
2 Zx + 6 Zy
Nx 3 Ny
2 Zx
6 Zy
Cng (1) vi (2) v nhn (3) vi 2, ta c:
4 Zx + 12 Zy
= 256
= 152
12 Zy 4Zx
Zy = 17
;
Zx = 13
Vy X l nhm, Y l clo. XY3 l AlCl3 .
b) Cu hnh electron: Al : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
;
Cl :

=
=
=

196
60
76

(1)
(2)
(3)

(a)
(b)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

5. Mt loi khong c cha 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O; 2,39%H v cn li l nguyn t

X v khi lng. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca khong .
Hm lng %X = 100 13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 = 19,18%
Cn bng oxi ha kh trong hp cht:
13,77
7,18
57, 48
2,39
19,18
1 +
2
2 +
1 +
y = 0 X = 5,33y
23
24
16
1
X
Lp bng xt:
Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
5,33 10,66 ...
...
...
32
thy ch c y = 6 l tha mn X = 32 S (lu hunh)
CT
13,77 7,18 57, 48 2,39 19,18
Na : Mg : O : H : S =
:
:
:
:
= 2 : 1 : 12 : 8 : 2
23
24
16
1
32
Cng thc khong: Na2MgO12H8S2 Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O
Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% Nhm; 21,7% Silic v cn li l oxi v Hidro (v khi
lng). Hy xc nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
t % lng Oxi = a th % lng Hidro = 57,37 a
20,93 21, 7 a
:
: : (57,37 a)
Ta c: t l s nguyn t Al : Si : O : H =
27
28 16
Mt khc: phn t khong cht trung ha in nn
DB
20,93
21, 7
a
3
+ 4
2 + (57,37 a) = 0
27
28
16

5.

CT

Gii phng trnh cho a = 55,82

20,93 21, 7 55,82
:
:
:1,55 = 2 : 2 : 9 : 4
Suy ra, Al : Si : O : H =
27
28
16
Vy cng thc khong cht Al2Si2O9H4 hay Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O (Cao lanh)

6. Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.

a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng
ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu c bn knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo g/cm3
a) Mng t bo c s ca Cu (hnh bn)
A
B
Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Cu l
B
A
1
E
tm nh lp phng = 8 = 1
E
8
a
1
6 mt lp phng = 6 = 3
2
C
D
Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t
D
C
bo s ng = 1 + 3 = 4 (nguyn t)
b) Xt mt lp phng ABCD ta c: AC = a 2 = 4 rCu
a=

4 rCu

4 1,28 A

CT

= 3,63

2
2
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AC a 2
AE =
=
= 2,55
2
2
d) Khi lng ring: + 1 mol Cu = 64 gam
+ Th tch ca 1 t bo c s = a3 cha 4 nguyn t Cu
+ 1 mol Cu c NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t
m
64
Khi lng ring d = = 4
= 8,88 g/cm3
23
8 3
V
6,02 10 (3,63 10 )
6. St dng (Fe) kt tinh trong mng lp phng tm khi, nguyn t c bn knh r = 1,24
. Hy tnh:
a) Cnh a ca t bo s ng
DB
b) T khi ca Fe theo g/cm3.
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia hai nguyn t Fe
Cho Fe = 56
a) Mng t bo c s ca Fe (hnh v)
B
Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Fe l
1
tm nh lp phng = 8 = 1
8
tm lp phng = 1

A
E

E
a

C
D

Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng = 1 + 1 = 2 (nguyn t)

b) T hnh v, ta c: AD2 = a2 + a2= 2a2
xt mt ABCD: AC2 = a2 + AD2 = 3a2
mt khc, ta thy AC = 4r = a 3 nn a =

4r

4 1,24

= 2,85
3
3
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AC a 3
2,85 3
AE =
=
=
= 2,468
2
2
2
d) Khi lng ring: + 1 mol Fe = 56 gam
+ Th tch ca 1 t bo c s = a3 cha 2 nguyn t Fe
+ 1 mol Fe c NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t
m
56
Khi lng ring d = = 2
= 7,95 g/cm3
23
8 3
V
6,02 10 (2,85 10 )

7. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t
hiro c bn knh gn ng bng 1015 m, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,53 1010 m.
Hy xc nh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v nguyn t hiro.
(cho khi lng proton = khi lng ntron 1,672 1027 kg
khi lng electron = 9,109 1031 kg)
Khi lng ht nhn nguyn t hiro chnh l khi lng ca proton = 1,672 1027 kg
+ Th tch ht nhn nguyn t hiro bng
4
4
V = r 3 = 3,14 (1015)3 = 4,19 1045 (m3)
3
3
Khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro bng:
1,672 1027
D=
= 3,99 108 (tn/m3)
4,19 10 45
+ Th tch gn ng ca nguyn t hiro l:
4 3,14 (0,53 1010 )3
= 0,63 1030 (m3)
3
+ Khi lng ca nguyn t hiro (tnh c khi lng ca electron) = 1,673 1027 kg
Khi lng ring ca nguyn t hiro bng
1,673 1027
= 2,66 103 (kg/m3) = 2,66 103 (g/cm3)
30
0,63 10
7. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca 200C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Ca
bng 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca c hnh cu, c c kht l 74%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca Ca = 40,08

40,08
= 25,858 cm3, mt mol Ca cha NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t Ca
1,55
25,858 0, 74
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =
= 3,18 1023 cm3
6,02 1023
CT
4
T V = r 3
3

Th tch ca 1 mol Ca =

 Bn knh nguyn t Ca = r =

3V
=
4

3 3,18 10 23
= 1,965 108 cm
4 3,14

7. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe 200C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Fe bng
7,87 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe c hnh cu, c c kht l 68%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca 55,85 = 40

55,85
= 7,097 cm3. mt mol Fe cha NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t Fe
7,87
7,097 0,68
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =
= 0,8 1023 cm3
23
6,02 10
4
T V = r 3
3

Th tch ca 1 mol Fe =

Bn knh nguyn t Fe = r =

3V
=
4

3 0,8 10 23
= 1,24 108 cm
4 3,14

8. Bit rng mono clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53 D.

a) Hy tnh momen lng cc o ; m ; p ca ortho, meta, para diclobenzen.
b) o momen lng cc ca mt trong ba ng phn c = 1,53 D. Hi l dng no ca
diclobenzen?
clo c m in ln, 1 hng t nhn ra ngoi

ortho

= 3

para

meta

=0
2

Cng vect s dng h thc lng trong tam gic a = b + c 2bc cos A
Dn xut ortho: o =

212 + 212 cos600 = 1 3

Dn xut meta: m =

212 + 212 cos1200 = 1

Dn xut para: p = 1 1 = 0
b) Theo u bi =1,53D = 1 l dn xut meta -diclobenzen
8. Clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53 D (1 hng t nhn ra ngoi); anilin c momen lng
cc 2 = 1,60D (2 hng t ngoi vo nhn benzen). Hy tnh ca ortho cloanilin; meta
cloanilin v para cloanilin.
clo c m in ln, 1 hng t nhn ra ngoi nhm NH2 c cp e t do lin hp vi h e
ca vng benzen hai momen lng cc cng chiu

DB

DB

meta

ortho

para

Cng vect s dng h thc lng trong tam gic a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A
Dn xut ortho: 2O = 12 + 22 212 cos 600 = 12 + 22 12 = 2,45
o =
Dn xut meta:

2m

2, 45 = 1,65D

= 12 + 22 212 cos 1200 = 12 + 22 + 12 = 7,35

m =
Dn xut para:

2p

7,35 = 2,71D

= 1 + 2 = 1,60 + 1,53 = 3,13D

9. Tnh pH ca dung dch benzoatnatri C6H5COONa nng 2,0 105 M. Bit hng s axit
ca axit benzoic bng 6,29 105.
C6H5COONa Na+ + C6H5COO

C6H5COOH
C6H5COO + H+
Ka1

H+ + OH
H2O
Kw

T hp 2 phng trnh cho:

C6H5COOH + OH
C6H5COO + H2O

Ktp

14

Kw
10
=
= 1,59 1010
5
Ka
6,29 10

Do nng u ca C6H5COO nh; mt khc hng s ca qu trnh khng ln hn nhiu

so vi 1014 nn phi tnh n s in li ca nc.

C6H5COOH + OH
C6H5COO + H2O
Ktp (1)

Ktp =

2,0 105 [OH]

H+ + OH
H2O
Kw

+
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch: [OH ] = [C6H5COOH] + [H ]
hay

(2)

[C6H5COOH] = [OH] [H+] = [OH]

10 14
OH

thay vo biu thc hng s cn bng ca (1):

1014
OH
OH

OH
[C 6 H 5COOH ] OH

K=
=
= 1,59 1010

C 6 H 5COO
C 6 H 5COO
2

CT

OH 10 14

15

= 1,59 1010 [OH]2 + 1,59 10 10[OH] 13,18 10 = 0

5

2 10 OH

 [OH] = 1,148 107 pOH = lg(1,148 107) = 6,94 pH = 7,06

9. 200C ha tan vo dung dch NaOH nng 0,016 g/lt mt lng iot phn ng

NaI + NaIO + H2O

sau xy ra hon ton: 2NaOH + I2

Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bit hng s axit ca HIO = 2,0 1011
0,016

Nng u ca OH =
= 4,0 104 mol/lt
40

Phn ng
2OH + I2 I + IO + H2O

[ ]

4,0 104
2,0 104

HIO + OH
IO + H2O

2,0 104 x
x
x
[HIO] = [OH]

H+ + IO Ka = 2,0 1011
HIO

IO H +
IO H +
11
Ta c: Ka =
= 2,0 10

= 2,0 1011

OH
[ HIO]
10 14
4
(2,0

10

) H +
4

+
+
H
(2,0 10 OH ) H

=
= 2,0 1011
14

10
OH
H +
2,0 1014[H+]2 1,0 1014[H+] 2,0 1025 = 0 [H+] = 6,53 1011
pH = lg[H+] = lg(6,53 1011) = 10,185
10. Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ru B vi 3 axit
hu c, trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt
lin kt i. X phng ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn
hp mui v p gam ru B. Cho p gam ru B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng
c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc t chy
hon ton 14,7 gam A, thu c 13,44 lt CO2 v 9,9 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu
to ca tng este trong A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun).
Xc nh ru B: v este n chc nn ru B n chc
CT
1
R OH + Na R ONa + H2
2
0,2
0,1 mol
tng KL = KL (R O) = 6,2 g
6,2
KL mol (R O) =
= 31 R + 16 = 31 R = 15 l CH3 Ru B: CH3OH
0,2

Cng thc ca 2 este no l: C n H 2n +1 COOCH3 s mol = x

Cng thc ca este cha no l CmH2m1COOCH3 s mol = y
C n H 2n +1 COOCH3 +
x

3n + 4
O2 ( n + 2) CO2 + ( n + 2) H2O
2
( n + 2) x
( n + 2) x

CmH2m1COOCH3 +

3m + 3
O2 (m + 2) CO2 + (m + 1) H2O
2

y
(m + 2) y
ta c h pt: x + y = 0,2
(1)
( n + 2) x + (m + 2) y = 0,6
(2)
( n + 2) x + (m + 1) y = 0,55 (3)

(m + 1) y

Gii h pt cho x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 v 3 n + m = 4

Do n 0 v m 2 nn 2 m 3 bi ton c 2 nghim m = 2 v m = 3
2
Vi m = 2 n = ng vi nghim HCOOCH3 ; CH3COOCH3 v CH2=CH-COOCH3
3
1
Vi m = 3 n = ng vi nghim HCOOCH3 ; CH3COOCH3 v C3H5-COOCH3
3

10. Nitrosyl clorua l mt cht rt c, khi un nng s phn hu thnh nit monoxit v clo.
a) Hy vit phng trnh cho phn ng ny
b) Tnh Kp ca phn ng 298K(theo atm v theo Pa). Cho:
Ho298 (kJ/mol)
S0298 (J/K.mol)

Nitrosyl clorua

Nit monoxit

Cl2

51,71
264

90,25
211

?
223

c) Tnh gn ng Kp ca phn ng 475K

2NO + Cl2.
a) 2NOCl

CT

b) Hng s cn bng nhit ng lc hc c tnh theo phng trnh G = RTlnK

Trong G = H T. S
H = [(2 90,25. 103) + 0 (2 51,71. 103 ) = 77080 J/mol

S = [(2 211) + 233 (2 264) = 117 J/mol

G = 77080 298 117 = 42214 J/mol
42214
v ln K =
= 17
Kp = 3,98. 108 atm v Kp = 4,04. 103 Pa
8,314 298
c) Tnh gn ng:
Kp (T2 ) H 1 1
77080 1
1
ln
=
lnKp(475K) =

+ lnKp(298)
Kp (T1 )
R T1 T2
8,314 298 475
ln Kp (475) = 5,545
Kp = 4,32. 10 3 atm hay Kp = 437Pa