1. Diagram 4.1 shows pictures of substances P, Q, R and S.

Table 4.2 shows the pH of the substances P, Q, R and S when tested with universal
indicator

Milk of magnesia
R

Toothpaste
Vinegar
Substance

pH

(a)Based on your observation on Diagram 4.1 and Table 4.2 state one property of substances P,
Q, R and S .
P: ..
Q: ..
R: ..
S: ...
(b)

Classify the substances P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common properties.
Write the names of the substances belonging to each group

P, Q, R, and S

Common property

Names of substances

2.Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide solution + universal indicator

The results of the activity are recorded in Table 5.2

Change in colour of
Initial
universal indicator
Purple
pH value
9

Final
M
7

(a)(i) State the colour of M.

.
(ii) Name the process that causes this change in colour.
.
(iii) Complete the word equation that shows the reaction.

Hydrochloric acid +

Sodium hydroxide

(b) Diagram 5.2 shows several substances with different pH values.

34

lemon tomato
apple

25

17

0 10

11

12

13

14

(i) Based on Diagram 5.2, complete the table below by giving one example for each group of
substances.
Acidic
Alkaline
soap
toothpaste
Milk of magnesia
(ii) What is the pH value of distilled water?
.
(iii) Why do we use toothpaste to brush our teeth?