THPT_TL ........

Các dạng bài tập lượng giác

a/kiÕn thøc cÇn nhí vµ ph©n lo¹i bµi to¸n
d¹ng 1: Ph¬ng tr×nh bËc nhÊt vµ bËc hai , bËc cao víi 1 hµm sè lîng gi¸c
§Æt HSLG theo t víi sinx , cosx cã ®iÒu kiÖn t ≤ 1
Gi¶i phương tr×nh ……….theo t
NhËn t tho¶ m·n ®iÒu kiÖn gi¶i Pt lượng gi¸c c¬ b¶n
Gi¶i phương tr×nh:
́ 2cos2x- 4cosx=1
1/  2/ 4sin3x+3 2 sin2x=8sinx
 sinx ≥ 0
́ 1-5sinx+2cosx=0
3/ 4cosx.cos2x +1=0 4/ 
 cos x ≥ 0
5/ Cho 3sin x-3cos x+4sinx-cos2x+2=0 (1) vµ cos2x+3cosx(sin2x-8sinx)=0 (2).
3 2

1
T×m n0 cña (1) ®ång thêi lµ n0 cña (2) ( nghiÖm chung sinx= )
3
3 4
6/ sin3x+2cos2x-2=0 7/ a/ tanx+ -2 = 0 b/ +tanx=7
cot x cos 2 x
c* / sin6x+cos4x=cos2x
5π 7π
8/sin( 2 x + )-3cos( x − )=1+2sinx 9/ sin 2 x − 2sin x + 2 = 2sin x − 1
2 2
sin 2 2 x + 4 cos 4 2 x − 1
10/ cos2x+5sinx+2=0 11/ tanx+cotx=4 12/ = 0
2sin x cos x
13/ sin x + 1 + cos x = 0 14/ cos2x+3cosx+2=0
4sin 2 x + 6sin x − 9 − 3cos 2 x
2 4
15/ = 0 16/ 2cosx- sin x =1
cos x
d¹ng 2: Phương tr×nh bËc nhÊt ®èi víi sinx vµ cosx : asinx+bcosx=c
C¸ch 1: asinx+bcosx=c  b 
a b C¸ch : 2 a  sin x + cos x  = c
§Æt cosx= 2 ; sinx=  a 
a +b 2
a +b
2 2
b
§Æt = tan α a [ sin x + cos x.tan α ] = c
̃ a 2 + b 2 sin( x + α ) = c a
c
⇔ sin( x + α ) = cos α
a
x 2t 1− t2
C¸ch 3: §Æt t = tan ta cã sin x = ;cos x = ̃ (b + c)t 2 − 2at − b + c = 0
2 1+ t2 1+ t2
§¨c biÖt :
π π
1. sin x + 3 cos x = 2sin( x + ) = 2 cos( x − )
3 6
π π
2. sin x ± cos x = 2 sin( x ± ) = 2 cos( x ∓ )
4 4
π π
3. sin x − 3 cos x = 2sin( x − ) = − 2 cos( x + )
3 6
§iÒu kiÖn Pt cã nghiÖm : a +b ≥ c
2 2 2

gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh :

1/ 2sin15x+ 3 cos5x+sin5x=k víi k=0 vµ k=4 víi k=0
1 6
2/ a : 3 sin x + cos x = b: 4sin x + 3cos x + = 6
cos x 4sin x + 3cos x + 1
1
c: 3 sin x + cos x = 3 +
3 sin x + cos x + 1
Chuyªn ®Ò ph¬ng trinh lîng gi¸c 1
 THPT_TL ........
2π 6π
3/ cos 7 x − 3 sin 7 x + 2= 0 *t×m nghiÖm x ∈ ( ; )
5 7
1 + cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x 2
4/( cos2x- 3 sin2x)- 3 sinx-cosx+4=0 5/ = (3 − 3 sin x )
2 cos 2 x + cos x − 1 3
cos x − 2sin x.cos x
6/ = 3
2 cos 2 x + sin x − 1
D¹ng 3 Ph¬ng tr×nh ®¼ng cÊp ®èi víi sin x vµ cosx
§¼ng cÊp bËc 2: asin2x+bsinx.cosx+c cos2x=0
C¸ch 1: Thö víi cosx=0 Víi cosx ≠ 0 .Chia 2 vÕ cho cos2x ta ®îc:
atan2x+btanx +c=d(tan2x+1)
C¸ch2: ¸p dông c«ng thøc h¹ bËc
§¼ng cÊp bËc 3: asin3x+b.cos3x+c(sinx+ cosx)=0 hoÆc
asin3x+b.cos3x+csin2xcosx+dsinxcos2x=0
XÐt cos3x=0 vµ cosx ≠ 0 Chia 2 vÕ cho cos2x ta ®îc Pt bËc 3 ®èi víi tanx

Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh

1/a/ 3sin2x- 3 sinxcosx+2cos2x cosx=2 b/ 4 sin2x+3 3 sinxcosx-2cos2x=4
c/3 sin2x+5 cos2x-2cos2x-4sin2x=0 d/ 2 sin2x+6sinxcosx+2(1+ 3 )cos2x-5- 3 =0
2/ sinx- 4sin3x+cosx=0 2 c¸ch +/ (tanx -1)(3tan2x+2tanx+1)=0
π
x = + kπ
4
+ sin3x- sinx+ cosx- sinx=0 ⇔ (cosx- sinx)(2sinxcosx+2sin2x+1)=0
2 2
3/ tanx sin x-2sin x=3(cos2x+sinxcosx)
4/ 3cos4x-4sin2xcos2x+sin4x=0 5/ 4cos3x+2sin3x-3sinx=0
6/ 2 cos3x= sin3x 7/ cos3x- sin3x= cosx+ sinx
3
8/ sinx sin2x+ sin3x=6 cos x 9/sin3(x- π /4)= 2 sinx
Dang 4 Phương tr×nh vÕ tr¸i ®èi xøng ®èi víi sinx vµ cosx

* a(sin x+cosx)+bsinxcosx=c ®Æt t= sin x+cosx t ≤ 2

t2 − 1
̃ at + b =c ⇔ bt2+2at-2c-b=0
2
* a(sin x- cosx)+bsinxcosx=c ®Æt t= sin x- cosx t ≤ 2
1− t
2
̃ at + b =c ⇔ bt2 -2at+2c-b=0
2

Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh

1 1 1
1/ a/1+tanx=2sinx + b/ sin x+cosx= -
cos x tan x cot x
2/ sin3x+cos3x=2sinxcosx+sin x+cosx 3/ 1- sin3x+cos3x= sin2x
4/ 2sinx+cotx=2 sin2x+1 5/ 2 sin2x(sin x+cosx)=2
6/ (1+sin x)(1+cosx)=2 7/ 2 (sin x+cosx)=tanx+cotx
3
8/1+sin3 2x+cos32 x= sin 4x 9/* a* 3(cotx-cosx)-5(tanx-sin x)=2
2
9/b*: cos4x+sin4x-2(1-sin2xcos2x) sinxcosx-(sinx+cosx)=0
1 1 10
10/ sin x − cos x + 4sin 2 x = 1 11/ cosx+ +sinx+ =
cos x sin x 3

Chuyªn ®Ò ph¬ng trinh lîng gi¸c 2

 THPT_TL ........
12/ sinxcosx+ sin x + cos x =1
dang 5 Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p h¹ bËc
C«ng thøc h¹ bËc 2 C«ng thøc h¹ bËc 3
1 + cos 2 x 1 − cos 2 x 3cos x + cos 3 x 3sin x − sin 3 x
cos2x= ; sin2x= cos3x= ; sin3x=
2 2 4 4

Gi¶i PH¦¥NG tr×nh

1/ sin2 x+sin23x=cos22x+cos24x 2/ cos2x+cos22x+cos23x+cos24x=3/2
3/sin2x+ sin23x-3 cos22x=0
π 5x 9x
4/ cos3x+ sin7x=2sin2( + )-2cos2
4 2 2
5/ sin24 x+ sin23x= cos22x+ cos2x víi x ∈ (0; π )
π
6/sin24x-cos26x=sin( 10,5π + 10x ) víi x ∈ (0; ) 7/ cos4x-5sin4x=1
2
8/4sin3x-1=3- 3 cos3x 9/ sin22x+ sin24x= sin26x
10/ sin2x= cos22x+ cos23x 11/ (sin22x+cos42x-1): sin x cos x =0
́ π kπ π kπ 
12/ 4sin3xcos3x+4cos3x sin3x+3 3 cos4x=3 x =  24 + 2 ; 8 + ư
2 ₫ 13/ 2cos22x+ cos2x=4 sin22xcos2x
π x
14/ cos4xsinx- sin22x=4sin2( − )-7/2 víi x − 1 <3
4 2
15/ 2 cos32x-4cos3xcos3x+cos6x-4sin3xsin3x=0
π
16/ sin3xcos3x +cos3xsin3x=sin34x 17/ * 8cos3(x+ )=cos3x
3
18/cos10x+2cos24x+6cos3xcosx=cosx+8cosxcos23x
sin 5 x
19/ =1
5sin x
20 / cos7x+ sin22x= cos22x- cosx 21/ sin2x+ sin22x+ sin23x=3/2
2
22/ 3cos4x-2 cos 3x=1

Dang 6 : Phương tr×nh LG gi¶i b»ng c¸c h»ng ®¼ng thøc

* a3 ± b3=(a ± b)(a2 ∓ab+b2) * a8+ b8=( a4+ b4)2-2 a4b4

* a4- b4=( a2+ b2) ( a2- b2) * a6 ± b6=( a2 ± b2)( a4 ∓a 2b2+b4)

Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh

x x
1/ sin4 +cos4 =1-2sinx 2/ cos3x-sin3x=cos2x-sin2x
2 2
sin 4 x + cos 4 x 1
3/ cos3x+ sin3x= cos2x 4/ = (tan x + cot x) v« nghiÖm
sin 2 x 2
13 7 π π
5/cos6x-sin6x= cos22x 6/sin4x+cos4x= cot( x + ) cot( − x)
8 8 3 6
7/ cos6x+sin6x=2(cos8x+sin8x) 8/cos3x+sin3x=cosx-sinx
9/ cos6x+sin6x=cos4x 10/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x+sin4x= cosx+cos2x+cos3x+cos4x
1 x x
11/ cos8x+sin8x= 12/ (sinx+3)sin4 -(sinx+3) sin2 +1=0
8 2 2
Dang 7 : Phương tr×nh LG biÕn ®æi vÒ tÝch b»ng 0
1/ cos2x- cos8x+ cos4x=1 2/sinx+2cosx+cos2x-2sinxcosx=0
3/sin2x-cos2x=3sinx+cosx-2 4/sin3 x+2cosx-2+sin2 x=0
3
5/ 3sinx+2cosx=2+3tanx 6/ sin2x+ 2 cos2x+ 6 cosx=0
2

Chuyªn ®Ò ph¬ng trinh lîng gi¸c 3

 THPT_TL ........
sin 3 x sin 5 x
7/ 2sin2x-cos2x=7sinx+2cosx-4 8/ =
3 5
1 5
9/ 2cos2x-8cosx+7= 10/ cos8x+sin8x=2(cos10x+sin10x)+ cos2x
cos x 4
11/ 1+ sinx+ cos3x= cosx+ sin2x+ cos2x
12/ 1+sinx+cosx+sin2x+cos2x=0 13/ sin2 x(tanx+1)=3sinx(cosx-sinx)+3
1 1
14/ 2sin3x- =2cos3x+ 15/cos3x+cos2x+2sinx-2=0
sin x cos x
1
16/cos2x-2cos3x+sinx=0 17/ tanx–sin2x-cos2x+2(2cosx- )=0
cos x
1 − cos 2 x
18/sin2x=1+ 2 cosx+cos2x 19/1+cot2x=
sin 2 2 x
1
20/ 2tanx+cot2x=2sin2x+ 21/cosx(cos4x+2)+ cos2x-cos3x=0
sin 2x
22/ 1+tanx=sinx+cosx 23/ (1-tanx)(1+sin2x)=1+tanx
π 1 1 2
24/ 2 2 sin( x + )= + 25/ 2tanx+cotx= 3 +
4 sin x cos x sin 2x
26/ cotx-tanx=cosx+sinx 27/ 9sinx+6cosx-3sin2x+cos2x=8
Dang 8 : Phương tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn c«ng thóc nh©n ®«i, h¹ bËc

cos2x= cos2x- sin2x =2cos2x-1=1-2sin2x 2t 1− t2 2t

sin2x=2sinxcosx sinx = ; cosx= tanx=
1+ t2 1+ t2 1− t2
2 tan x
tan2x=
1 − tan 2 x
Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh
1
1/ sin3xcosx= + cos3xsinx 2/ cosxcos2xcos4xcos8x=1/16
4
3/tanx+2cot2x=sin2x 4/sin2x(cotx+tan2x)=4cos2x
5/ sin4x=tanx 6/ sin2x+2tanx=3 7/ sin2x+cos2x+tanx=2
8/tanx+2cot2x=sin2x 9/ cotx=tanx+2cot2x
3
10/a* tan2x+sin2x= cotx b* (1+sinx)2= cosx
2
Dang 9 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn phÐp biÕn ®æi tæng_tÝch vµ tÝch_tæng
Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh
1/ sin8x+ cos4x=1+2sin2xcos6x 2/cosx+cos2x+cos3x+cos4x=0
sin 3 x − sin x
3/ = sin 2 x + cos 2 x t×m x ∈ ( 0;2π ) 4/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x+sin4x=0
1 − cos 2 x
3 ( cos 2 x + cot 2 x ) π  π 
5/ sin5x+ sinx+2sin2x=1 6/ = 4sin  + x  cos  − x 
cot 2 x − cos 2 x  4   4 
7/ tanx+ tan2x= tan3x 8/ 3cosx+cos2x- cos3x+1=2sinxsin2x
Dang 10 : Phương tr×nh LG ph¶i ®Æt Èn phô gãc A hoÆc ®Æt hµm B
Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh
3π x 1 π 3 x x = ́ 3π + k 2π ; 4π + k 2π ; 14π + k 2π  π π π π
1/ sin( − )= sin( + )  5 15 15
ư 2/ sin( 3 x −
₫
)=sin2x sin( x + ) x=
4
+ k
2
10 2 2 10 2 4 4
3π x
3/(cos4x/3 – cos2x): 1 − tan 2 x =0 x = k 3π 4/ cosx-2sin( − )=3 x = k 4π
2 2
7π ́ π kπ 
)=sin(4x+3 π ) x =  ± 6 + kπ ; 2 ư₫
́ π π 
5/ cos( 2 x − 6/3cot2x+2 2 sin2x=(2+3 2 )cosx x =  ± + k 2π ; ± + k 2π ư
 3 4 ₫
2
2 π 1 1
7/2cot2x+ +5tanx+5cotx+4=0 x= −
4
+ kπ 8/ cos2x+ 2 =cosx+ x = kπ
cos 2 x cos x cos x

Chuyªn ®Ò ph¬ng trinh lîng gi¸c 4

 THPT_TL ........
1 1 ́π π 7π  1 + sin 2 x 1 + tan x x = { kπ ; α + kπ } , tan α = 2
9/sinx- cos2x+ +2 2 =5 x =  2 + k 2π ; − 6 + k 2π ; 6 + k 2π ư 11/ +2 =3
sin x sin x ₫
1 − sin 2 x 1 − tan x
Dang 11 : Phương tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn c¸c phÐp biÕn ®æi phøc t¹p
Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh

1/ 3 + 4 6 − (16 3 − 8 2) cos x = 4cos x − 3 x= ±

π
4
+ k 2π
π

( 2


)
2/cos  4 3x − 9 x − 16 x − 80  =1 t×m n0 x ∈ Z x = { − 21; − 3}
π 2 π
3/ 5cos x − cos 2 x +2sinx=0 x = − 6 + k 2π 4/3cotx- tanx(3-8cos x)=0 x = ± 3 + kπ
2 ( sin x + tan x ) 2π π
5/ − 2 cos x = 2 x = ± 3 + k 2π 6/sin3x+cos3x+ sin3xcotx+cos3xtanx= 2sin 2x x=
4
+ k 2π
tan x − sin x
kπ ́π k 
7/tan2xtan23 xtan24x= tan2x-tan23 x+tan4x x=
4
8/tanx+tan2x=-sin3xcos2x x =  3
π + k 2π ư
₫
5−1
9/sin3x=cosxcos2x(tan2x+tan2x) x = kπ 10/ sin x + sin x = 1 − sin 2 x − cos x x = kπ ;sin x =
2

π
11/cos2 
4
( )



π
sin x + 2 cos 2 x  -1=tan2  x + tan 2 x 
4


π
x = − + k 2π
4

 x π   x π   x 2π   3x π  ́ 5π 5π 5π 
12/ 2 cos  −  − 6 sin  −  = 2 sin  −  − 2sin  +  x= −
 12
+ k 5π ; −
3
+ k 5π ;
4
+ k 5π ư
 5 12   5 12  5 3   5 6 ₫

Dang 12 : Phương tr×nh LG kh«ng mÉu mùc, ®¸nh gi¸ 2 vÕ ,tæng 2 lượng kh«ng ©m,vÏ 2 ®å thÞ b»ng ®¹o hµm
Gi¶i PHƯƠNG tr×nh
π
1/ cos3x+ 2 − cos 2 3x =2(1+sin22x) x = kπ 2/ 2cosx+ 2 sin10x=3 2 +2sinxcos28x x=
4
+ kπ

3/ cos24x+cos26x=sin212x+sin216x+2 víi x ∈ ( 0; π ) ́ 2π 
4/ 8cos4xcos22x+ 1 − cos 3x +1=0 x =  ± 3
+ k 2π ư
₫

x2
6/ 5-4sin2x-8cos2x/2 =3k t×m k ∈ Z* ®Ó hÖ cã nghiÖm
sin x
5/ π = cos x x= 0 7/ 1- =cosx
2
8/( cos2x-cos4x)2=6+2sin3x x=
π
2
+ kπ 9/ ( 1 − cos x + 1 + cos x cos 2 x = ) 1
2
sin 4 x x= ±
π
4
+ k 2π

Chuyªn ®Ò ph¬ng trinh lîng gi¸c 5