NHNG YU T NH HNG N MC NG DNG CNTT

TRONG HOT NG DY HC BC TRUNG HC PH THNG

Factors affecting the level of imfomation technology
application to teaching activities at high school
Nguyn Vn Nghim
THPT chuyn Quang Trung - Bnh Phc

TM TT
Trong qu trnh ci cch gio dc Vit Nam, ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (CNTT)
trong dy v hc l hng i mang tnh chin lc. Trong nhng nm qua, cc a phng, trng hc v gio
vin c nc tch cc y mnh ng dng CNTT trong hot ng dy hc (HDH) v t c nhng kt
qu nht nh. Nghin cu ny nh gi mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ca gio vin trung hc ph
thng c thc hin trn a bn tnh Bnh Phc (N=258). Kt qu cho thy mc ng dng CNTT trong
HDH ca gio vin mc thp, c n n 24.03% gio vin cha tng ng dng CNTT trong HDH. K
nng s dng my tnh, thi , v iu kin tip cn vi CNTT ca gio vin mc tt. Tuy nhin, k nng s
dng phn mm chuyn dng ca gio vin, s h tr ca ban gim hiu v ng nghip cc trng l thp.
Nghin cu cng tm ra 06 yu t nh hng ti mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ca gio vin.
In the process of education reform in Vietnam, application of
information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching and learning
activities is the strategic direction. Over the years, localities, schools
and teachers in Vietnam actively promoted use of ICT in teaching
activities. As a result, it has achieved some initial results. The study on
sample size natural sciences high-school teachers at Binh Phuoc (N=258)
shows that the level of ICT application in teaching activities are low,
24.03% teachers had never used ICT in teaching. Besides, high level of
basic computer skills, attitude to ICT use in teaching, and ICT
accessibility was found. However, education-related software proficiency,
supporting from the board of directors and colleagues level are low. The
study also determined six factors affecting the level of ICT application
in teaching activities.

T kha: mc ng dng CNTT, CNTT trong dy hc, levels of use ICT.

1. t vn
Vai tr, tm quan trng v hiu qu ca ng dng CNTT v truyn thng trong
dy hc c chng minh bng thc tin gio dc trong v ngoi nc nhng nm
qua, n cho thy vic ng dng CNTT v truyn thng trong ging dy v hc tp l
xu th tt yu ca gio dc. Vit Nam, vic ng dng CNTT trong gio dc cng rt
c mong i. Cc nh gio dc Vit Nam c khuyn khch ng dng CNTT hp
l tt c cc cp hc v cc mn hc. Ngh quyt TW 8 kha XI v i mi cn bn,
ton din gio dc v o to cng nu r: Tip tc i mi mnh m phng php
dy v hc theo hng hin i v y mnh ng dng CNTT v truyn thng trong
dy v hc .
Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

Thc hin cc gii php pht trin gio dc giai on 2011 2020, phn u
n nm 2015, 100% ging vin i hc, cao ng v n nm 2020, 100% gio vin
gio dc ngh nghip v ph thng c kh nng ng dng CNTT v truyn thng
trong dy hc; ng thi, thc hin k hoch hnh ng y mnh ng dng CNTT,
i mi qun l ti chnh v xy dng trng hc thn thin, hc sinh tch cc; cc
a phng, n v gio dc v gio vin trn c nc tch cc y mnh ng dng
CNTT&TT trong dy v hc.
Quy hoch pht trin CNTT ca tnh Bnh Phc n nm 2015, nh hng
n nm 2020 xc nh: n nm 2015, 100% cc trng trung hc ph thng
c trang b phng my tnh p ng nhu cu dy v hc v n nm 2020, ELearning c trin khai rng ri trn a bn tnh Bnh Phc. Theo l trnh ,
nhng nm gn y, ngnh gio dc Bnh Phc c nhng gii php tch cc nhm
thc y vic ng dng CNTT trong hot ng dy hc (HDH) v gt hi c
mt s thnh cng nht nh . Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng kt qu t c, vic trin
khai v ng dng CNTT ti cc c quan qun l v cc trng hc trong tnh cn c
nhng hn ch nht nh. Qu trnh t chc trin khai cn gp nhiu kh khn v nhn
lc, vt lc v s quan tm, ch o cha su st ca ngi ng u n v, trng
hc.
Nhm nh gi thc trng v phn tch cc yu t nh hng n mc ng
dng CNTT trong HDH, qua gi nhng chnh sch, gii php cho S Gio dc
v o to, cc trng trung hc ph thng v cho bn thn cc gio vin nhm nng
cao cht lng ca HDH ni chung, cht lng ng dng CNTT trong dy hc ni
ring, tc gi thc hin nh gi mc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc cc mn
khoa hc t nhin bc trung hc ph thng trn a bn tnh.
2. Gii quyt vn
2.1. Phng php v d liu nghin cu
Tnh Bnh Phc hin nay c 24 trng trung hc ph thng v 8 trng trung
hc cp 2 3 vi tng s 1.907 gio vin, trong c 525 gio vin ging dy cc
mn khoa hc t nhin. Nghin cu tin hnh kho st 258 gio vin ging dy cc
mn hc Ton, L, Ha, Sinh hin ang ging dy ti 13 trng trung hc ph thng
thuc 10 huyn, th x trong tnh (6 trng thuc khu vc th x v 7 trng khng
thuc th x) c chn theo phng php ngu nhin h thng.
Nghin cu da trn quan im tip cn HDH l cc hot ng ca gio
vin trong qu trnh dy hc, bao gm cc cng vic chun b phng tin dy hc, la
chn phng php dy hc, xc nh mc tiu dy hc v ni dung dy hc; vic thc
hin hot ng dy ca ngi gio vin. HDH c xem xt c trc, trong v sau
khi ln lp; trc khi ln lp l cng tc chun b nh tm kim ti liu, son gio n,
lm m hnh dy hc...; trong khi ln lp l HDH trn lp; v sau khi ln lp l cc
hot ng h tr hc tp nh vic t vn, gii p thc mc, t chc cc hot ng
nghin cu cho hc sinh. Nh vy, lm tin nghin cu, tc gi thao tc ha
khi nim ng dng CNTT trong HDH l vic s dng cc phng php khoa hc,
cng ngh v cng c k thut hin i khai thc, sn xut v trao i thng tin s,
phc v hiu qu cho HDH ca gio vin. C th hn, ng dng CNTT trong HDH
l vic s dng my tnh, phn mm my tnh v cc thit b CNTT khc trong vic
Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

son bi, dy hc, kim tra nh gi, h tr hc sinh hc tp v nghin cu pht trin
chuyn mn.
K tha kt qu cc nghin cu trc y ca cc tc gi Mohammed I. Isleem,
Jef Peeraer v P.V. Petegem, Sara Hennessy, da vo Khung chun nng lc ICT-CFT
ca UNESCO ng thi tham kho kin chuyn gia, trong phm vi ca nghin cu,
tc gi xc nh cc yu t tc ng n mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ca
gio vin trung hc ph thng gm: (1) iu kin tip cn CNTT; (2) k nng s dng
my tnh ca gio vin; (3) c im c nhn ca gio vin; v (4) s h tr ca ban
gim hiu v ng nghip. Trn c s , tc gi tin hnh xy dng cc ch bo o
lng mc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc.
Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA) ti mc gi tr Eigenvalue=1 vi php quay
Varimax, kt qu l: Kim nh KMO v Barletts c hai thang o u cho gi tr
Sig=.000, h s KMO > 0.8, tng phng sai trch t trn 50%. iu ny cho thy c
hai thang o u ph hp cho phn tch EFA. Vi thang o khi nim Mc ng
dng CNTT trong HDH, tc gi trch xut c 1 nhn t vi 7 bin quan st (gm:
Dy hc c dng bi ging in t hay phn mm m phng; Son bi ging in t;
Bin son trc nghim bng phn mm; Vit bi tr li, hng dn hc tp ln din
n, hoc chia s ti nguyn, bi ging ln website; Phn tch, nh gi thi sau khi
kim tra (bng excel hoc bng phn mm no ); Lm phim, nh t liu, hot hnh
phc v dy hc; Tr li email cho hc sinh, ph huynh hoc ng nghip) vi Factor
loading tng ng l 0.805, 0.764, 0.703, 0.686, 0.669, 0.668 v 0.653. Vi thang o
khi nim Cc yu t nh hng n mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH tc gi
trch xut thnh 06 nhn t gm 29 bin quan st (6 bin b loi do ch s tng quan
bin tng < 0.3 v Factor loading < 0.4) (gm: K nng s dng my tnh c bn (8
bin), S h tr ca Ban gim hiu v ng nghip (6 bin), Thi ca gio vin (5
bin), iu kin tip cn thit b c nhn (4 bin), K nng S dng phn mm chuyn
dng (3 bin), iu kin tip cn thit b nh trng (3 bin). Nh vy, t 04 nhn t
ban u, sau khi phn tch nhn t EFA ta thu c 06 nhn t. Tuy c thay i v s
lng nhn t nhng v ni hm vn c bao hm trong cc khi nim trnh by
trong c s l lun ca nghin cu. Nhn t 1 (K nng s dng my tnh c bn) v
Nhn t 5 (K nng s dng phn mm chuyn dng) c tch t nhn t K nng
s dng my tnh; Nhn t 4 (iu kin tip cn thit b c nhn) v Nhn t 6 (iu
kin tip cn thit b nh trng) c tch t nhn t iu kin tip cn CNTT.
Bn cnh , kt qu t kim nh thang o bng phn tch Cronbachs Alpha
cho thy tt c by nhn t u t ch s tin cy cao (tng ng l 0.829, 0.897,
0.823, 0.858, 0.745, 0.771 v 0.752) v ch s tng quan bin tng trong tng nhn t
u t trn 0.4, do tc gi cho rng, cc bin quan st l cc ch bo ph hp
gii thch cho cc nhn t trn.
2.2. Kt qu nghin cu v tho lun
Vi b thang o c xy dng v kim nh, nghin cu thc hin ly kin
nh gi ca 258 gio vin ging dy 4 mn hc Ton, L, Ha, Sinh ti 13 trng
trn a bn tnh. S liu c x l v phn tch bng phn mm SPSS (phin bn
16.0) vi cc k thut thng k m t, phn tch nhn t khm ph v phn tch hi
quy tuyn tnh; kt qu phn tch c th nh sau:

2.2.1. V mc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc

Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

T kt qu phn tch thng k m t da trn gi tr trung bnh ca cc bin quan

st tng nhn t, tc gi nhn thy: (1) Gio vin ging dy cc mn khoa hc t nhin
Ton, L, Ha v Sinh bc trung hc ph thng trn a bn tnh Bnh Phc c thc
tch cc i vi vic s dng CNTT trong HDH; (2) Phn ln gio vin c k nng
s dng my tnh c bn mc thnh tho, c iu kin tip cn vi thit b CNTT
mc kh tt. Tuy nhin, mc s dng CNTT trong dy hc cn thp, vi tn sut t
1-2 ln/hc k, trong ng ch l c n 24.03% gio vin cha bao gi s dng
CNTT phc v h tr cho bi ging ca mnh, 33.54% gio vin s dng trung bnh
hng thng hoc hng tun v ch c 2.71% gio vin s dng rt thng xuyn hng
ngy. iu ny c l gii l do cc gio vin s dng cha thnh tho cc phn mm
chuyn dng v s h tr ca Ban gim hiu v ng nghip cha thng xuyn.
Khi xem xt nhng khc nhau ny t c im c nhn ca gio vin, c th
thy: (1) Khng c s khc bit v mc s dng CNTT trong dy hc cc nhm
tui khc nhau, cng khng c s khc bit gia gio vin nam v gio vin n; (2)
Nhm gio vin dy trn a bn th x s dng CNTT thng xuyn hn nhm gio
vin ngoi th x (mc trung bnh tng ng l hng thng (2.779) v t 1 n 2
ln/hc k (2.069); (3) Gio vin mn Ton c mc ng dng CNTT thp hn gio
vin cc mn hc khc vi mc ngha Sig. < 0.05 nhng u mc 1 n 2 ln/hc
k v khng c s khc bit gia cc gio vin dy cc mn L, Ha, Sinh; (4) Gio
vin c thm nin cng tc trn 20 nm c mc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc thp
hn so vi gio vin c thm nin cng tc t 6 n 10 nm v 11 n 15 nm (mc
trung bnh tng ng l cha bao gi s dng CNTT (1.36), s dng 1 2 ln/ hc k
(2.50), v s dng hng thng (2.62)).
Kt qu phn tch tn sut phng n tr li cho tng bin cho thy: (1) Hnh
thc ng dng CNTT thng xuyn nht ca gio vin Bnh Phc l son bi ging
in t (32.95%), tr li email cho hc sinh, ph huynh hoc ng nghip (28.29%);
(2) Hnh thc t c gio vin s dng nht l lm phim, nh t liu, hot hnh phc
v dy hc (79.84%) v phn tch, nh gi thi sau khi kim tra (68.22%).

Hnh 1. Biu gi tr trung bnh mc s dng CNTT trong dy hc

Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

2.2.2. V cc yu t nh hng n mc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc

Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh bi cho thy: Mc gii thch ca cc bin
c lp (Xi) i vi bin ph thuc (Y) trong m hnh l 51.5%. Cc i lng thng
k kim tra s ph hp ca m hnh hi quy u t (Durbin-Watson (d) = 1.737, VIF
= 1.00, MeanStd. Residual = 0.00, DevStd. Residual = 0.988, SigF = 0.000).
Phng trnh hi quy c c nh sau:
Y = 0.290X1 + 0.352X2 + 0.139X3 + 0.232X4 + 0.468X5 + 0.184X6 +

Trong X1 l K nng s dng my tnh c bn, X2 l S h tr ca Ban Gim

hiu v ng nghip, X3 l Thi ca gio vin, X4 l Tip cn thit b c nhn, X 5 l
K nng s dng phn mm chuyn dng, X6 l Tip cn thit b nh trng v Y l
Mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH.
H s ca tng bin c lp trong phng trnh cho thy mc tc ng ca
nhn t n mc ng ng dng CNTT trong HDH. Theo , nu h s () ca
mt bin c lp no bin thin mt n v th bin ph thuc cng bin thin
n v. V d: Khi bin X1 tng ln mt n v th bin Y s tng ln 0.29 n v trong
trng hp cc bin cn li l c nh. Nh vy, c su nhn t u c mi tng quan
tuyn tnh cng chiu vi mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH.
Khi xem xt mc tc ng ca tng bin c lp i vi bin ph thuc, tc
gi nhn thy: Bin X5 c tc ng mnh nht i vi Y (Beta = 0.464, Sig. = 0.000);
K n, ln lt l: X2 vi Beta = 0.350; X1 vi Beta = 0.288; X4 vi Beta = 0.231; X6
vi Beta = 0.182; v X3 vi Beta = 0.138. Nh vy, trong su yu t tc ng n mc
ng dng CNTT trong dy hc th yu t k nng s dng phn mm chuyn bit
c tc ng ln nht, tip n l yu t s h tr ca Ban Gim hiu v ng nghip.
Tuy nhin, kt qu kho st thc trng mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ph
thng trung hc ca cc gio vin cc mn khoa hc t nhin trn a bn tnh Bnh
Phc li cho thy hai yu t ny ang mc thp nht. Qua , c th rt ra kt lun
l: Vic cung cp v t chc tp hun k nng s dng phn mm chuyn dng phc
v dy hc l cn thit, ng thi cp qun l gio dc cn c nhng gii php kp thi
nhm khuyn khch, n c cn b, gio vin cc trng tch cc s dng CNTT
trong HDH ca mnh.

Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

Hnh 2. Biu mc tc ng ca cc yu t n vic s dng CNTT trong

dy hc ()
Bn cnh , tc gi cn nhn thy, yu t Thi ca gio vin i vi vic ng
dng CNTT trong HDH c mc tc ng thp nht trong m hnh (Beta = 0.138).
iu ny thot trng c v nghch l. Tuy nhin, khi xem xt gi tr trung bnh ca
bin ny cho thy: Gio vin Bnh Phc c thi rt tch cc (rt ng ) vi vic
s dng CNTT trong HDH ca mnh (gi tr trung bnh = 4.35). Xem xt tn sut tr
li bng hi cho thy: C 89.92% c nhn thc tch cc mc ng v rt ng ,
ch c mt phn nh gio vin cn phn vn hoc khng ng (10.07%). Chnh s
ng nht v thi ca gio vin trong mu nghin cu ny gii thch v sao yu
t thc khng nh hng nhiu n mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ca gio
vin trung hc ph thng ging dy cc mn khoa hc t nhin tnh Bnh Phc.
3. Kt lun
Qua kt qu nghin cu c th rt ra kt lun l: Phn ln gio vin ging dy
cc mn khoa hc t nhin bc ph thng trung hc trn a bn tnh Bnh Phc c
iu kin tip cn vi CNTT, c k nng s dng my tnh c bn mc thnh tho,
c thc v thi tch cc i vi vic s dng CNTT trong HDH; tuy nhin, mc
s dng cha cao, thm ch c n s lng gio vin cha bao s dng cc
phng tin CNTT v truyn thng trong HDH ca mnh.
Cc yu t tc ng n mc ng dng CNTT trong HDH ca gio vin ln
lt l: (1) K nng S dng phn mm chuyn dng, (2) S h tr ca Ban gim hiu
v ng nghip, (3) K nng s dng my tnh c bn, (4) iu kin tip cn thit b
c nhn, (5) iu kin tip cn thit b nh trng, v (6) Thi ca gio vin i vi
vic ng dng CNTT trong HDH.
T kt qu nghin cu trn, tc gi xin gi mt s gii php nhm tng cng
hiu qu ca cng tc ny nh sau:
i vi cp qun l gio dc: Cn sm cung cp v bi dng k nng s dng
cc phn mm thng dng trong gio dc cho gio vin, c nhng bin php
quan tm, khuyn khch v h tr gio vin, ng thi xy dng i ng nng
ct h tr gio vin ng dng CNTT trong dy hc; tng cng quan tm,
Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014

u t trang thit b CNTT cho cc trng, c bit l cc trng trn a bn

vng su, vng xa.
i vi bn thn cc gio vin: Tch cc h tr, hc hi, trao i kinh nghim
vi ng nghip v cch thc, k nng s dng CNTT trong dy hc. Ch ng
t trang b nhng kin thc, k nng s dng phn mm thng dng, nh ViSpring Suit (b phn mm h tr son bi ging in t, son trc nghim,
son gio trnh), Chemwin (son cng thc ha hc), Mathtype (son cng thc
ton hc), Science Helper (v hnh cho Vt l), McMix (son, trn trc
nghim),...
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Tp ch Khoa hc v Gio dc, H S Phm, H Nng (ISSN 1895-4603) s: 10(01)/2014