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Hc sap 2000
dut@copyright-learning essential sap 2000
Trch dn t ti liu tham kho: Th.s Bi Quang Hiu
Th.s o Tng Kim

H ta
1. H to tng th (Global System):
Tt c to ca cc phn t trong m hnh u c xc nh thng qua mt h to chung gi
l h to tng th XYZ. Ngoi ra c th nh ngha thm cc h to ph phc v cho cng
vic xy dng hnh dng hnh hc ca m hnh, c quy i sang to ca h to tng th.
Trc Z lun l trc thng ng, hng ln, nh vy mt phng XY l mt bng v thng nn chn
mt phng XZ l mt phng lm vic chnh ca h. To ca mt v tr c xc nh bng 3 to
x, y,z ca v tr . Phng ca h to c k hiu l X, Y, Z (hng + l cng chiu, - l
ngc chiu).
2. H to a phng (Local System):
Mi i tng trong m hnh u c h to ring ca n gi l h to a phng ca i
tng (v d h to a phng ca nt, ca thanh ...), h to a phng c s dng
xc nh cc tnh cht, ti trng, ni lc ... ca i tng . H to a phng c k hiu
l 1,2,3. Mc nh cc i tng cng loi (nt, thanh, tm) c mt h to a phng 1,2,3
theo mt quy lut chung ging nhau, v d nh : i vi nt, h to 1,2,3 mc nh c phng
trng vi h to tng th XYZ.
Nu h to ca i tng thc t khc vi h to mc nh, cn khai bo cc thng s gc
xoay xc nh phng ca h to a phng thc t

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Assign > Joint > Local Axes: Xoay quanh trc Z, Y, X

Assign > Frame > Local Axes: Xoay quanh 1 trc

Angle in Degree

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Phn t nt
1. Tng quan: phn t nt l phn t c bn ca mi m hnh kt cu. Nt c nhiu chc nng khc nhau:
Tt c cc phn t c ni vi nhau ti cc im nt to thnh h kt cu.
H kt cu ni vi t bng cc lin kt gi (restraint) hoc cc lin kt n hi (spring) ti cc nt.
Cc rng buc nh rng buc cng hoc rng buc i xng c p dng thng qua vic khai bo s rng
buc (constraint) ca cc nt.
Nt c s dng nh l mt v tr c th t ti trng to trung.
Cc khi lng phn b trn thanh hay tm c dn v cc im nt.
Tt c ti trng tc dng v thanh hoc tm u c a v nt thit lp phng trnh cn bng.
Chuyn v ca nt chnh l n s ca bi ton
2. Bc t do: S bin dng ca m hnh kt cu c th hin bi cc chuyn v ca cc nt. Mi nt trong m
hnh kt cu c th c n 6 thnh phn chuyn v:
Nt c th chuyn v dc theo 3 h trc a phng. Cc chuyn v ny c k hiu l U1, U2 v U3
Nt c th xoay quanh 3 h trc a phng. Cc gc xoay ny c k hiu l R1, R2 v R3
Khi h ta a phng ca nt l song song vi h ta tng th, cc bc t do ny cng c xc nh nh
l UX, UY, UZ, RX, RY, RZ.
Mi bc t do trong m hnh kt cu phi trong mt trong cc dng sau:
Active: chuyn v c tnh ton trong qun trnh phn tch.
Restrained: chuyn v c xc nh v phn lc tng ng c tnh ton trong qu trnh phn tch
Constrained: chuyn v c xc nh t cc chuyn v ti cc bc t do khc
Null: chuyn v khng nh hng n kt cu v c b qua trong qu trnh phn tch
Unavailable: chuyn v b loi b hon ton t phn tch

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Phn t nt
2.1 Bc t do Available v Unavailable
Mc nh, tt c 6 bc t do l available cho mi nt.
V d, trong mt phng X-Z: kt cu dn phng ch cn UX v UY; h khung phng ch cn UX, UY, v RZ.
Cc bc t do khng c xc nh nh l bc t do available th c gi l bc t do unavailable. Bt k
cng,lc, khi lng, lin kt v rng buc m c gn cho bc t do unavailable th u c b qua
bi phn tch.
2.2 Restrained
Nu chuyn v ca mt nt theo bt k mt trong cc bc t do ca n c bit, chng hn nh gi ta,
th bcc do b ngn cn (restrained). Chuyn v bit ny c gi tr c th l 0 hoc khc 0. Lc theo
bc t do c chuyn v bit gi l phn lc v c xc nh trong qu trnh phn tch.
3. Khi lng
Trong phn tch ng lc hc, khi lng ca kt cu c s dng tnh ton lc qun tnh. Thng
thng, khi lng c xc nh t cc phn t bng cch s dng khi lng ring ca vt liu v th
tch ca phn t. Vic tnh ton ny s c thc hin mt cc t ng v quy v khi lng tp trung t
ti nt. Gi tr khi lng phi c cho mt cc thng nht nh sau: khi lng c n v (W/g) v
moment qun tnh khilng c n v (WL2/g). y, W l trng lng, L l chiu di v g l gia tc trng
trng

PHN T NT
4. Lc tc dng
Lc tc dng c s dng khai bo lc v moment tp trung ti nt. Gi tr c xc nh trong h ta
tng th hoc h ta a phng. Tt c cc lc v moment ti nt l c chuyn v h ta a phng
ca nt v c cng i s vi nhau.

5. Chuyn v cng bc ti gi ta
c s dng khai bo cc chuyn v thng hoc xoay cng bc ca gi ta theo cc phng ca h to
tng th hoc h to a phng ca nt. Gi tr ca chuyn v cng bc theo phng ca h to
tng th s c chuyn i thnh cc gi tr chuyn v theo phng h to a phng, v ch nhng
chuyn v cng bc dc theo phng bc t do c lin kt mi l nguyn nhn gy nh hng n kt cu.
Cc th loi ca 6 bc t do ti mt nt c xc inh bng cc k hiu sau:
(A) : bc t do kch hot (active)
(-) : bc t do lin kt (restrained)
(+) : bc t do rng buc (constrained)
( ) : bc t do rng hoc khng kch hot (null or unavailable)
Bc t do xut ra lun lun theo h ta a phng. Kt qu ca chng c xut ra di dng U1, U2, U3,
R1, R2 v R3 cho tt c cc nt.

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Phn t thanh
1. Tng quan: Phn t thanh l mt phn t c s dng rt ph bin m phng dm, ct, ging, dn
trong kt cu phng cng nh kt cu khng gian. Trng thi phi tuyn tnh ca vt liu cng c m phng
thng qua vic s dng khp n hi ca thanh (Frame Hinges).
Phn t thanh c m hnh bi mt ng thng ni 2 im nt. Mi phn t thanh u c h ta a
phng ca n, c s dng khai bo c trng tit din, lc v kt qu phn tch.

2. Bc t do
Phn t thanh kch hot tt c 6 bc t do ti 2 u nt m n lin kt. Nu mun m phng thanh dn hoc
cp, c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Thit lp c trng tit din i33 v i22 l khng
Gii phng c 2 gc xoay R2 v R3 ti c 2 u thanh lin kt v gii phng gc xoay xon R1 ti u cn li.

3. H ta a phng
c s dng khai bo tit din, lc v kt qu phn tch. Cc trc ca h ta a phng c k hiu
ln lt l 1 (trc mu ), 2 (trc mu trng) v 3 (trc mu xanh).
* Trc 1: trc 1 lun lun dc theo trc ca phn t v chiu dng i t im u I n im cui J. Trc ny
c xc nh i qua trng tm ca tit din. Khi khai bo im chn, trc c th b di chuyn ra khi trng tm
tit din.
*Trc 2 v trc 3: trc 2 v trc 3 c xc nh bng quan h vi trc 1 v trc Z ca h ta tng th
Mt phng 1-2 c ly l mt phng thng ng, song song vi trc Z
Chiu dng ca trc 2 c ly theo chiu dng ca trc Z. Trong trng hp phn t thng ng th trc
2 c ly theo trc X ca h ta tng th
Trc 3 l trc ngang, c xc nh bng quy tc bn tay phi theo trc 1 v 2 (xoay t 1-2)

Phn t thanh
4. c tnh tit din:
Tit din thanh l t hp ca vt liu v c trng hnh hc m m t tit din ca mt hoc nhiu thanh. Tit
din
c nh ngha mt cch c lp v c gn cho phn t.
c tnh tit din l c 2 loi c bn:
Prismatic: tt c cc c tnh l khng thay i theo chiu di ca thanh
Non-prismatic: cc c tnh c th thay i dc theo chiu di thanh
4.1 H ta a phng
Trc 1 l trc dc theo trc phn t. Thng thng n l trc i qua im giao ca 2 trc trung ha ca tit
din.
Trc 2 v trc 3 l song song vi cc trc trung ha ca tit din. Thng thng, trc 2 c ly theo chiu di
ln hn ca tit din (chiu di), v trc 3 c ly theo chiu di nh hn ca tit din (chiu rng).
4.2 c tnh vt liu
c tnh ca vt liu c s dng cho tit din bao gm:
Modun n hi E, s dng cho cng dc trc v cng chng un
Modun n hi ct G, s dng cho cng xon v cng chng ct
H s gin n nhit, s dng cho ng sut nhit un v gin n dc trc
Khi lng ring, s dng cho tnh ton khi lng phn t
Trng lng ring, s dng cho tnh ton trng lng bn thn.

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4.3 c tnh hnh hc v cng tit din: 6 c tnh hnh hc c bn ca tit din:
Phn t thanh
Din tch tit din A. cng dc trc ca tit din c tnh nh sau E*A
Moment qun tnh chnh i33 quanh trc 3 s dng cho un trong mt phng 1-2; v moment qun tnh ph
quanh trc 2 s dng cho un trong mt phng 1-3. Tng ng vi cng chng un ca tit din E*i 33 v
E*i22
Hng s xon J. cng chng xon ca tit din l G*J vi
Din tch chng ct AS2 v AS3 ln lt s dng cho ct trong mt phng 1-2 v 1-3. cng chng ct ca cc
tit din c bn tham kho ti liu Sap Reference =
Tit din ch nht: AS2 = AS3 = 5/6 b.h; Tit din trn: AS2 = AS3 = 0,9.r2 ; Tit din ch I : AS2 = tw.d AS3 =
5/3.tf.bf; tit din vnh khn AS2 = AS3 = .r. (r : bn knh trong, : chiu dy vnh khn)
Khai bo A, I22, I33, J bng 0 c ngha cng tng ng s bng 0.
Phn t dn c th khai bo J = I22 = I33 = 0; phn t thanh phng trong mt phng 1-2 c th khai bo J = I22 =
0
Khai bo AS2, AS3 bng 0 c ngha l bin dng trt = 0 (b qua bin dng trt trong thanh)
4.4 Hnh dng tit din
i vi mi tit din, 6 c trng hnh hc c th c khai bo mt cch trc tip hoc c tnh ton t tit
din c xc nh. Thng qua hnh dng tit din v c nh ngha bi ngi s dng:
Nu hnh dng =GENERAL, su t tnh hnh hc phi c khai bo hon ton
Nu hnh dng =RECTANGLE, PIPE, BOX/TUBE, I/WIDE FLANGE, hoc mt trong cc tit din khc c cho bi
chng trnh, 6 c tnh hnh hc ca tit din c tnh ton mt cch t ng.
Nu tit din =SECTION DESIGNER SECTION, ngi s dng c th to ra mt tit din bt k s dng cc cng
c ca chng trnh.
Nu tit din=NONPRISMATIC, tit din dc theo chiu di thanh thay i t tit din c nh ngha u tin.
C th s dng h thng d liu c sn trong SAP2000 khai bo cc tit din thp hnh c sn

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SECTION DESIGNER SECTION

GENERAL
6 c tnh
Din tch tit din A

M un khng un quanh trc 3

Moment qun tnh i33

M un khng un quanh trc 2

Moment qun tnh i22

M un do

Din tch chng ct AS2

Bn knh qun tnh trc 3

Din tch chng ct AS3

Bn knh qun tnh trc 2

NONPRISMATIC p dng cho phn t thanh

Hng s xon J

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5. im chn
Theo mc nh, trc 1 ca phn t thanh dc theo
trc trung ha ca tit din, ti trng tm ca tit
din. Trong mt s trng hp thun tin,
chng hn nh dm trn cng hay ct bin, trc 1
cng c th c khai bo i qua v tr khc ca
tit din. V tr ny c gi l im mc ca tit
din (cardinal point). Mt vi im mc c la
chn sn c th hin hnh v sau. im mc
mc nh l im s 10
6. Vng cng u thanh
Phn t thanh c m hnh nh mt ng
thng ni cc im. Tuy nhin, kt cu thc c tit
din hu hn. Khi 2 phn t, chng hn nh ct
v dm, c ni ti 1 im th xut hin
vng giao nhau gia cc tit din. Trong nhiu kt
cu, kch thc ca phn t ln v chiu di vng
giao nhau c th nh hng r rng ti chiu di
ca phn t.
Do , ngi s dng c th khai bo vng giao
nhau ny cho mi phn t s dng cc thng s
ioff v joff tng ng vi cc im u I v cui J.

Chn thanh>Assign>Frame>Insertion Point. Mc Cardinal Point Chn thanh>Assign>Frame>Insertion Point. Mc Cardinal Point
Vi dm: 1,4,7: Mc tri. 3,6, 9: Mc phi. 8: trn; 2: di
Vi ct: 1,2,3: Mc tri. 7,6, 9: Mc phi. 4: trn; 6: di

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7. Gii phng bc t do u thanh

Thng thng, 6 bc t do (3 chuyn v thng, 3 chuyn v xoay) ti
mi u phn t thanh l cn bng vi cc bc
t do ti im nt lin kt v vi cc phn t khc ni ti im .
Tuy nhin, c th gii phng mt hay mt vi bc
t do ca phn t ti nt khi lc hay moment tng ng bng 0.
Vic gii phng ny lun lun theo h trc ta
a phng v khng nh hng ti cc phn t khc.
V d: trong hnh v bn, phn t thanh cho c lin kt cng ti
u I v lin kt khp ti u J. m hnh iu kin lin kt khp,
bc t do xoay R3 ti u J ca phn t cho nn c gii phng.
iu ny dn n kt qu l moment c gi tr l 0 ti im khp
ca phn t thanh cho.
* Ch khi gii phng lin kt th thanh c gii phng lin kt
phi bt bin hnh. V vy mt s trng hp sau l
khng c php khi gii phng lin kt:
Gii phng U1 c 2 u thanh
Gii phng U2 c 2 u thanh
Gii phng U3 c 2 u thanh
Gii phng R1 c 2 u thanh
Gii phng R2 mt u v U3 u cn li
Gii phng R3 mt u v U2 u cn li

11. Ti trng phn b

Ti trng phn b c s dng khai bo lc v
moment phn b trn phn t thanh. Ti trng c th
phn b u hoc phn b hnh thang. Chiu ca ti
trng c th c khai bo theo h ta a phng
hoc h ta tng th
12. Kt qu phn tch
Kt qu phn tch ca phn t thanh l lc v moment
sau:
Lc dc, P
Lc ct trong mt phng 1-2, V2
Lc ct trong mt phng 1-3, V3
Lc xon, T
Moment un trong mt phng 1-3 (quanh trc 2), M2
Moment un trong mt phng 1-2 (quanh trc 3), M3
Quy c chiu dng c th hin trong hnh v sau:

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Phn t tm (t tham kho)

1. Tng quan:
Phn t tm c dng 3 hoc 4 nt m n l s kt hp trng thi gia tm mng (membrane) v tm un
(platebending). i vi phn t 4 nt th 4 nt c th khng cng nm trong 1 mt phng.
Kt cu c th c m hnh bi phn t ny bao gm:
Kt cu sn
Kt cu tng
Tm cu
Tm cong khng gian nh mi vm hoc b cha
M hnh chi tit ca dm, ct, ng v cc kt cu khc.
C 2 dng ca phn t tm: ng nht (homogenous) v phn lp (layered)
2. Nt lin kt
Mi phn t nt c th c mt trong cc dng sau:
T gic, c xc nh bi 4 nt j1, j2, j3 v j4
Tam gic, c xc nh bi 3 nt j1, j2 v j3.
Dng phn t t gic s cho kt qu phn tch chnh xc hn phn t tam gic. Phn t tam gic ch c khuyn
co s dng cho cc v tr m ti ng sut khng thay i mt cch qu nhanh. Vic s dng phn t tam gic
ln khng c khuyn co trong phn t chu un chnh.
3. Rng buc bin (edge constraints)
Ngi s dng c th gn ch t ng edge constraints cho bt k phn t tm no. Khi edge constraints
c gn cho phn t, chng trnh s t ng lin kt tt c cc nt trn bin ca phn t vi cc nt gc ca
phn t lin k.

Phn t tm (t tham kho)

Ch dn v hnh dng:
V tr ca cc nt c chn sao cho tha mn cc iu kin hnh hc di dy:
Gc trong ti mi gc ca phn t phi nh hn 1800. Kt qu phn tch s chnh xc nht cho phn t
t gic nu gc ny l gn 900, hoc ch t l nm trong khong t 450 n 1350.
T l hnh dng ca phn t khng nn qu ln. i vi phn t tam gic, y l t l gia cnh di
nht v cnh ngn nht. i vi phn t t gic, y l t l gia khong cch di hn ca ng thng
ni trung im ca 2 cnh i din so vi khong cch ngn hn. Kt qu phn tch s chnh xc nht
nu t l hnh dng ny tin ti 1, hoc ch t nh hn 4. T l hnh dng khng nn ln hn 10.
i vi phn t t gic, 4 nt khng cn thit phi ng phng. xon ca phn t c tnh bi
chng trnh.
4. H ta a phng
Mi phn t tm u c mt h ta a phng c s dng nh ngha vt liu, ti trng v kt
qu phn tch. Cc trc ta ca h ny c k hiu bi cc s 1, 2 v 3 v c mc nh nh sau:
Trc 3 (mu xanh) lun lun vung gc vi mt phng ca phn t tm. Trc ny s hng ra ngoi
mn hnh nu th t cc nt c v theo chiu kim ng h.
Mt phng 3-2 thng ng v song song vi trc Z
Trc 2 (mu trng) c ly theo chiu dng ca trc Z. Trong trng hp phn t l nm ngang th
trc 2 c ly theo chiu dng trc Y
Trc 1 (mu ) l trc nm ngang v t trong mt phng X-Y
Phn t tm c xem l nm ngang nu nh gc gia trc a phng 3 v trc Z nh hn 10-3.

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3 nt

4 nt

Phn t tm (t tham kho)

5. c tnh tit din
c tnh tit din l tp hp cc c tnh v vt liu v hnh hc m n m t tit din ngang ca mt hoc
nhiu phn t tm.
Cc loi tit din tm
Mng (Membrane)
Ch chu lc v moment trong mt phng
Vt liu tuyn tnh v ng nht
Tm (Plate)
Ch chu moment un v lc ngang
C dng tm dy hoc mng (thick hoc thin-plate)
Vt liu tuyn tnh v ng nht
Tm tng qut (Shell)
L s kt hp gia mng (membrane) v tm (plate)
Chu tt c cc lc v moment
Dng tm dy hoc mng
Vt liu tuyn tnh v ng nht
Lp (Layered)
Gm nhiu lp, mi lp c vt liu, dy, trng thi v v tr khc nhau
C y cc c tnh ca tm tr khi tt c cc lp u l mng (membrane) hoc tm (plate)
Chu y cc lc v moment, ngoi tr moment trong mt phng
Dng tm dy v c th l phi tuyn tnh

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Phn t tm (t tham kho)

Chiu dy tit din:
Mi tit din ng nht c chiu dy mng v chiu dy un khng i (membrane thickness and
bending thickness).
Chiu dy mng, th, c s dng tnh:
cng ca mng cho tit din tm tng qut v tit din mng thun ty
Th tch ca phn t s dng cho vic tnh ton trng lng bn thn phn t v khi lng
Chiu dy un, thb, c s dng tnh:
cng un v ct ngang (plate-bending and transverse-shearing) cho tit din tm tng qut v tit
din tm thun ty
Thng thng th 2 loi chiu dy ny l nh nhau nn ngi s dng ch cn khai bo th. Tuy nhin
trong mt s trng hp, ngi s dng c th thay i cng ca mng (membrane) hoc tm
(plate). Vi mc ch ny th ngi s dng xc nh chiu dy thb khc so vi chiu dy th.
Dng chiu dy:
C 2 dng chiu dy m c s dng xc nh c hay khng bin dng ct ngang.
Dng tm dy bao gm nh hng ca bin dng ct ngang
Dng tm mng khng k n nh hng ca bin dng ct ngang
Bin dng ct l tr nn quan trng khi chiu dy ln hn t 1/10 n 1/15 nhp. N cng c mt vai
tr quan trng trong vng ng sut un tp trung, chng hn nh thay i chiu dy t ngt hoc
gn l m.
Khuyn co nn s dng tm dy thick-plate

PHN T TM (T THAM KHO)

6. Khi lng (Mass)

Trong phn tch ng lc hc, khi lng c dng tnh lc qun tnh. Khi lng phn t tm
c quy v tp trung ti cc im nt ca phn t
7. Trng lng bn thn (Self-Load)
Phn b u trn cc phn t, c tnh bng trng lng ring w nhn vi chiu di mng(t/d
ng nht); hoc tng trng lng cc lp (t/d lp)
8. Ti trng p lc b mt
khai bo p lc ngoi ln bt c mt no ca 6 mt ngoi ca phn t tm
p lc b mt vung gc vi b mt v dng khi c chiu hng vo trong phn t
9. Ti trng bin dng (Strain Load)
C tm loi bin dng tng ng vi ni lc v moment trong phn t tm:
Bin dng mng 11, 22 v 12 th hin s thay i v kch thc v hnh dng phn t khi n phn
b u theo chiu dy
Bin dng un 11, 22 v 12 th hin s thay i v kch thc v hnh dng phn t khi n phn b
tuyn tnh theo chiu dy
Bin dng ct 13 v 23 th hin s thay i ca gc gia mt trung tm thng ng v mt ngang

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PHN T TM (T HC)

10. Kt qu phn tch: ni lc v ng sut

ng sut ca phn t tm l lc trn mt n v din tch xut
hin bn trong th tch phn t chng li ti trng ngoi bao
gm:
+ ng sut php trong mt phng : S11, S22
+ ng sut tip trong mt phng : S12
+ ng sut tip vung gc mt phn t : S13, S23
+ ng sut php vung gc mt phn t
Ba loi ng sut trong mt phng l hng s hoc bin thin bc
nht dc theo chiu dy tm. Hai loi ng sut vung gc c
cho l hng s dc theo chiu dy tm d thc t ng sut tip
phn b dng parabol bng 0 2 mp trn v di, t max ti
mt trung tm. Ni lc tm bao gm:
+ Lc dc trc trong mt phng : F11, F22
+ Lc ct trong mt phng : F12
+ Moment un : M11, M22
+ Moment xon : M12
+ Lc ct vung gc mt phng : V13, V23
F-min, F-max, M-min, M-max l cc lc v moment theo cc
phng chnh (phng c lc ct F12 v Moment M12=0)

Ch khi m hinh ho
SAP2000 t ng ni cc nt ca phn t. (T ng Connect)
- Cc nt t ng sinh ra khi Frame c to ra.
- Mun xem s hiu phn t Nt. Bm phI chut (trn ca s hin thi)
- nu kch thc s hiu nh hoc to qu (Option\Preference\Max(Min) graphic font size)
- Trc to a phng: (Local Axis)
- Trc 1: nm theo trc ca phn t, hng t end I (Start) End J (End). C mu
- Trc 2: nm trong mp un chnh ca tit din (chiu cao tit din). Mu trng
- Trc 3 to vi trc 1,2 theo qui tc bn tay phi (Xc nh theo trc1, 2). Mu Cyan (xanh).
- Frame: i vi thanh cong khng qu 15
- Shell:
+ Cc gc trong ca phn t nm trong khong t 45 n 135 .
+T s khong cch t im giua cc cnh i din khng qu 10(tt nht bng mt) (4 nt)
+ Gc lch khng qu 15 (tt nht l trong mt mt phng)
+ Nn s dng phn t 4 nt, phn t 3 nt ch dng bin

Xo i tng
- Select.
- Bm Delete trn bn phm.
Copy v Dn i tng
- Select
- Menu Edit \Copy (hoc Ctrl+C)
+ Dn (Paste) Menu Edit\Paste (hoc Ctrl+V)
+ C th dn ra i tng sang cc ng dng khc: VD: Excel, Word.
+ Thng dng trong cc bi ton kh. (C th s dng DXF thay th)

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Di chuyn (Move)
- Select
- Menu Edit\Move-> Nhp khong cch.
Replicate (T sinh)
- Chn i tng.
- Menu Edit\Replicate
1. Linear. Thng
- Nhp khong cch gia cc ln t sinh: (X,Y,Z= Hnh chiu ca khong cch trn cc trc X,Y,Z.
- Number: S ln t sinh.
2. Radial: Xoay
- Chn trc xoay (Rotate About: chn trc X,Y,Z)
- increment data:
+ Angle: Bc nhy gc + Number: S ln t sinh
3. Mirror : i xng qua mt phng.
- Mirror about: + chn mp i xng (XY, YZ, ZX) Chun
+ ordinate: Vi tr mp i xng trn trc cn li.
- Gi nguyn thuc tnh ca i tng (Tit din, ti trng, lin kt)
- Trnh trng phn t: Ti v tr tn ti nt, phn t th khng t sinh thm
Divide Frame: Chia nh Frame.
- Chn Frame. - Menu Edit \ Divide Frame.
- Divide into: s phn t cn chia
Last/first= T s khong cch ca Frame uc chia cui/
Frame u tin
- Break: (Chn thm cc nt hoc Frame)
Join Frame. Ni Frame
- Chn hai Frame

- Menu Edit\Join Frame Ch : hai Frame phi thng hng

Mesh Shell: Chia nh Shell.

- Select Shell.
- Menu Edit\Mesh Shell:
- Chia theo s phn t xc nh:
- Chia theo s nt hoc Grid line trn cnh shell ban u
+ Ch : Khi edit i tng. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng lun c mang theo
Disconnect: Tch ri cc nt ca tng phn t. Khi c nhiu nt ti mt to
Connect:
Ni cc nt ca cc phn t ti mt to Thnh mt nt (ngc vi disconnect)
Show Duplicates: Hin th cc i tng b trng nhau.
- Thng s dng khi disconnect, khi c nhiu nt ti cng mt to .
Change label: nh li s hiu nt v phn t.
- Chn cc i tng mun nh li s hiu
- Menu Edit\Change label
- Select Element: La chn loi i tng sp xp
- Next number: S hiu u tin - increment: bc nhy
- Prefix: K t truc s hiu
- Relabel Order: Th t Trc sp xp
Order1: chn trc sp xp u tin 1: i tng c cng to trc chn s c sp xp.
Order2: chn trc sp xp u tin 2: i tng c cng to trc chn s c sp xp.
Sau chn
OK
* Ch : Prefix: Thm k t (tin t) trc s hiu i tng)
New Label: t li ch t ng sinh s hiu i tng
- Menu Draw\New Label. * Khc nhau gia Change Label v New Label:
- Change Label: Thay i s hiu ca cc i tng c.
- New Label: Thay i s hiu ca cc i tng s to mi.

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Gn iu kin bin ca nt.

* Mc nh khi nt t sinh cng phn t th nt t do (khng c lin kt ngn cn). Trn mi phng ca mt
nt ch c th l restraints hoc spring, khng bao gi c php gn ng thi mc d Sap cho php, nhng
rt kh khi c kt qu
1. Gn Restraints: gi cng. cng v cng=>Bt bin hnh
- Chn nt
- Main Toolbar chn biu tng gi ta hoc vo menu Assign\Joint\Restraints
- La chn Translation 1,2,3= U( X,Y,Z)
- La chn Rotation 1,2,3= R(X,Y,Z)
- Ok
2. Gn Spring: Gi n hi.
- cng khc v cng khi ti lin kt c chuyn v khc 0
- Chn nt
- Assign\Joint\Spring
- Translation 1,2,3= K(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Lc/chiu di.
- Rotation 1,2,3= Kr(X,Y,Z)= Nhp gi tr Moment/Rad.
+ Thng cc bi ton kt cu khng phi nhp gi tr Rotation. Gi tr Translation c th hiu l cng l xo
ca gi ta theo cc phng tng ng.
+ S dng tt trong bi ton trn nn n hi.
- Add: Cng i s
- Replace: Thay ton b gi tr mi
- Delete: Xo ton b gi tr gn.

iu kin bin ca Frame

- Mc nh Frame lin kt vi hai nt l ngm
- Khai bo:
- Chn Frame
- Menu Assign\Frame\Release
- Chn cc lin kt cn gii phng: Ch Start =End I; End=End J.
- No release= lin kt mc nh ban u ca frame vi nt (ngm).
- Ok
+ Khng bao gi gii phng ht cc lin kt v khi frame khng lin kt vi
nt na v nh vy lm frame b bin hnh.
+ Thng s dng trong bi ton dn, ct, thp thp, h kt cu dy.. hay h kt cu m
thanh khng chu m men
+ xem cc lin kt gii phng trong ch underform th chn set element hoc s
dng phm phi chut.
+ Release (giI phng lin kt t nt cng chng hn thnh khp ri t do) khc Restraints
(nguc li release)?

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Xem iu 1 tiu chun TCVN 2737-95

- THCB1:Ti trng di hn + Mt trng hp ti trng ngn hn
- THCB2: Ti trng di hn + Nhiu trng hp ti trng ngn hn
- THDB:Ti trng di hn + Ti trng ngn hn + Ti trng c bit
=> THDB: Ti trng ngn hn khng k ti trng gi.
* V d1. Khung phng.
- Cc trng hp ti : TT; HT; GT; GP.
- C th c cc t hp sau:
+TH1=1*TT+1*HT =>gi tr 1 trong SAP gi l Scale Factor;
Kiu t hp ny trong SAP=Add
+TH2=1*TT+0.9*HT+0.9*GT => Gi tr 1 v 0.9 =Scale factor;
Kiu t hp trong Sap=Add
+TH3=1*TT+0.9*HT+0.9*GP =>=> Gi tr 1 v 0.9 =Scale factor; Kiu t hp trong
SAP=Add.
- Tm t hp nguy him nht (Max, Min)
+ Max(Min) =2*TH1+1*TH2+1*TH3 =>Gi tr 1,2 l Scale Factor; Type=ENVE

V d2. Khng gian

- Gi s c lc F theo phng ngang bt k . Chia F thnh 2 thnh phn lc: Fx, Fy
F= 2 + 2
+T hp THF=1*Fx+1*Fy. Kiu t hp SRSS.
- T hp thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi
+
GDXDUONG=1*GDX1+1*GDX2+1*GDX3 vi 1=Scale; Type=SRSS
v sao?: GDXDUONG= 12 + 22 + 32 (p dng cho tI trng ng t). Tnh theo
khung phng
+ GDXAM=-1*GDXDUONG. (Thnh phn ng ca ti trng go phi gn theo phng +X)
+ GXDUONG=1*GTXDUONG+1*GDXDUONG
+ GXAM=1*GTXAM+GDXAM
- Tng t s c GYDUONG; GYAM; DDX; DDY
- T hp (Ch dng kiu Add)
+TH1=TT+HT
+TH2=TT+0.9HT+0.9GXAM
+Th3=
- Tm t hp maxmin (Kiu ENVE)
+ MAX(MIN)=TH1+TH2+...+THn

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Ch :
- C th khai bo t hp ca t hp.
- Chn t hp sau khi phn tch, sau khi c kt qu ni lc vn c th t hp c => T
hp lc ny trong SAP l t hp ni lc (Load Combination)
- Add Default : SAP t ng sinh ra cc t hp vi cc h s t hp theo tiu chun ca
M.

Cc bc to lp kt cu v phn tch

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Bi tp dm lin tc
Cho dm lin tc chu ti trng: tnh ti ( k n trng lng bn thn ca dm) v hot ti nh
hnh v sau.
Dm lm bng vt liu b tng ct thp, b tng c cp bn chu nn B20 (mdun n hi
E=27*103 Mpa;
Cng chu nn dc trc Rb=11.5MPa; Cng chu ko dc trc Rk=9Mpa).
Ct thp dc loi AII c cng Rs=Rs=280Mpa; Ct ai loi AI c cng Rsw=175Mpa

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Khi lng ring

= Trng lng ring / g

2500 kg/m3 =
2500kgf/m3=2500*9.81N/m3 = 2500
Ns2/m = 2.5Tonf/m3
1kg = 1 N.s2/m = 1 kgf

Khai bo gi tr ti trng: Tnh ti + Cc hot ti

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GN GI TR TNH TI THEO BI

Gn hot ti

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TrNG hp
tnh ti

TRNG HP BAO

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Khung phng

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Tnh ti

Hot ti 2

Hot ti 1

Gi tri

Gi phi

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TRNG HP BAO

Thit k kt cu b tng ct thp theo tiu

chun ACI 318-05

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Tn vt liu B tng

Tn vt liu ct thp
Thp cy

Trng lng ring

Ch n v cho tng tham s,

thay i n v khi nhp liu

Trng lng ring

M un n hi

M un n hi

H s Poisson

H s Poisson

Cng chu ko Fy quy i theo

tiu chun ACI 318 -05
Cng chu nn fc quy i theo
tiu chun ACI 318 -05

Ct thp dc
Ct thp ai (Cu to)

Thit k ct: Dng Lc dc + M men

Thit k dm: dng m men

Ct thp dc
Ct thp ai (Cu to)
Cu hnh ct thp trong ct: Hnh ch
nht/Trn. Thp ai: Rng buc/Xon c

Chiu dy lp bo v trn:

Cu hnh ct thp dc:

Chiu dy lp bo v: Mp ngoi cu
kin n mp ngoi ct dc chu lc

Chiu dy lp bo v di:

S lng ct dc theo trc 3

S lng ct dc theo trc 2
ng knh ct thp dc:

Ct thp tng cng cho dm D un

Cu hnh ct ai
ng knh ct ai
Khong cch cc thp ai
S ai theo trc 3
S ai theo phng trc 2

Bi ton kim tra

Bi ton thit k

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Tiu chun thit k

T hp ti trng tnh ton hoc

chn Automatic Design..

Hin th kt qu thit k

Chn tiu chun thit k B tng ct thp Design>>Concrete Frame

Design>>View/Revise Preferences v chn t hp ti trng tnh
ton<<Select Design combos
Chy chng trnh tnh ton (F5) >>chng trnh tnh thit k kt cu
(Shift + F6)>> hin th kt qa thit k (Ctrl + Shift + F6)

Dao ng trong cng trnh

Bi ton ng: Dng Khi lng tp trung

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Gn khi lng tp trung:

* Khi lng tnh ti. Khi lng ring ca phn t trong s tnh khng cn qui i, SAP t qui i v nt.
Khai bo khi lng tp trung:
+ Tnh khi lng tp trung ti nt
+ Tnh khi lng tng cng ca tt c cc tnh ti cn li (m=w/g) v d tng w=1800 kG/m3 => m=180 Kg/m3
+ Tnh s nt chnh (s nt c lin kt vi ct hoc vch, li)
+ Khi lng tp trung ti mi nt ca mt tng= tng khi lng/s nt chnh.
+ Khi gn khi lng ch gn vo cc nt chnh.
- Chn nt
- Menu Assign\Joint\Mass:
- Direction 1,2,3= khi lng tp trung gy ra lc qun tnh theo phng 1,2,3 c n v kg.
=> Ok
Khai bo kiu tnh ton v tn s dao ng ring.
Khai bo
- Menu Analyze\Set options
- Chn Dynmic Analyzes -> Set Dynamic ...- Number of Mode (n): S dao ng ring cn tnh
- Eigen:
- Center: Gi tr tn s dao ng ring cn tm (Shift). Mc nh bng 0
- Radius: Bn knh gi tr dao ng ring. Gi tr gii hn tn s, nu =0 th khng gii hn. Mc nh=0
- Tolerance: Gi tr hi t trong cc ln lp ( nguyn)
* Cch nhp gi tr theo TCVN 2737-95. Bi ton tnh thnh phn ng ca tI trng gi
- Nhp n= s kh ln (10-15).
- Center=0
- Radius=[f] tn s ti hn trong tiu chun, v d=[f]=1.31
(KCBTCT)
* Cc trng hp c th xy ra
- nu R # 0 th SAP s tm s dao ng ring c f<Radius, nhng nu s dao ng ring >n th ch ly n dao ng
ring.
- Nu R=0 th sap tm n tn s dao ng ring b nht.

+ Sap2000 s tm n dao ng ring c gi tr tn s dao ng nm trong khong Shift ->

Radius
+ Tolerance: Trong mi trng hp dao ng ring th s dng khi tn s dao ng tho mn
gi tr Tolerance
+ S tnh cho trc f (tn s) ->0 th kt cu trng thi nguy him , v vy SAP2000
Center=0, Radius=0.

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B qua bin
dng ct

B qua Khi lng

+ trng lng

Ti trng khai bo

Khi lng
tp trung

Kch hot 1 chuyn v >>Khp trt

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KHAI BO KIU

TI TRNG
TC DNG

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Hoc khai bo KIU khi lng bn thn v thm vo

KT qu

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